01.名词、代词、数词、介词、冠词精练精析-版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典
展开第01讲:名词、代词、数词、介词、冠词
考点归纳、真题链接、考前巩固
v 名词精练
1. The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _______ of 60
miles.
A. length B. distance C. way D. space
2. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s .
A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place
3. The environmentalists and wild goats’ _________ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.
A. escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance
4. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _____ in personality.
A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict
5. Chinese arts have won the _________ of a lot of people outside China.
A. enjoyment B. appreciation C. entertainment D. reputation
6. “I don’t think it’s my that the TV blew up . I just turned it on , that’s all ,” said the boy .
A.error B.mistake C.fault D.duty
7. —I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.
—There is no ____for this while you are on duty.
A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation
8. The manager has got a good business _________ so the company is doing well.
A. idea B. sense C. thought D. attitude
9. To regain their after an exhausting game , the players lay in the grass.
A. force B. energy C. power D. health
10.According to the recent research , heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily and effect.
A. reason B. impact C. fact D. cause
11.Every new has the possibility of making or losing money.
A. event B. venture C. adventure D. expectation
12. As a result of destroying the forests , a large of desert covered the land.
A. number…has B. quantity… has
C. number… have D. quantity…have
13. In the botanic garden we can find a (n) of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.
A. species B. group C. amount D. variety
14. ---- Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree?
---- No, it’s out of .
A. range B. reach C. control D. distance
15. The life of London is made up of many different .
A. elements B. sections C. materials D. realities
16. You'll find this map of great _____ in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
17. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a _______.
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
18. I'll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little .
A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest
19. He gained his by printing of famous writers.
A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works
20. Here's my card. Let's keep in ______.
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship
【答案与解析】
1. B 该题考查名词的辨析。length长度,distance距离,way路途,space空间。从from…60 miles判断此处指的是距离。故选B。句意:从六十英里远的地方可以看到在Rushmore山上的四位美国著名总统的头像。
2. A 该题根据交际情景考查名词辨析。beyond [above, out of] one's [the] reach意为:达不到的,力所不及的,不能理解。是习惯用语。句意:我把药放在书橱顶上,孩子够不着。
3. D 考查名词的词义辨析。句意:环境保护论者和野山羊的出现,预示了环境的改善。escape“逃脱,逃避”;absence“缺乏,缺席”;attendance“出席,伺候,照料”;appearance“出现,露面,外观”,D符合句子意思要求。
4. D 名词词义辨析。句子的意思为“在处理公共关系上,我们应该尽量避免在个性方面的冲突”。contact“接触,联系”,contrast “对比,对照”,connection“连接,关系”,conflict“斗争,冲突”。
5. B 名词词义辨析。句子意思为“中国艺术在海外赢得了正确的评价”。Enjoyment“享乐,快乐”,appreciation“欣赏,正确评价,感谢”,entertainment“款待,娱乐”,reputation“名誉,名声”。
6. C 辨析名词的词义,error差错(主要指行为不正),mistake错误(意见,想法或行为上的错误)fault过失.毛病。duty 义务.任务,句意为“电视机爆炸不是我的过错,我只是打开了开关,就这些”,因此C为最佳选择。
7. B 该题是交际情景中考查四个名词的辨析。excuse意为:藉口;托辞;cause意为:原因, 导致某事发生的人或事。cause用于表示具有明显因果关系的原因。reason 意为:理由,动机, 前提;reason有时能与cause换用,但上下文必须有能够查得出的或可以解释得出的因果关系。如果某“结果”是不言而喻的,也可以用reason表示“原因”;explanation意为:解释, 解说, 说明。据题意:――对不起我刚才出去抽烟了。我很累了。――你在值班,对此不要找借口。此处只是为自己当值时外出找借口,故选答案B。
8. B考查对名词意义的辨析。sense理解力;鉴赏力;辨识力。a good business sense 有经济头脑。句意:这位经理有很强的经商意识,因此公司运营良好。
9.B 考查对名词意义的辨析。force(力,暴力)energy(精力,能量)power(体力,智力,精力),但常用复数形式,health(健康,健康状况),因此B为正确答案。句意:为了在令人疲惫的运动后恢复体力,运动员们躺在草坪上。
10.D 考查对名词意义的辨析,reason(理由),impact(强烈印象或影响),fact(事实)cause(原因.起因.原由),上述四词中只cause一词与effect对应(原因与结果)。
11.B 考查对名词意义的辨析,event(事件.重要事件)venture(冒险事业)adventure(冒险.冒险的经历)expectation(期望.期待)句子意思为“每一项新的冒险事业,都有可能挣钱或者陪钱”,因此B为正确答案。
12.B 考查名词的数与主谓一致。a large number of修饰可数名词。a large quantity修饰不可数名词。desert为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。正确答案为B。
13. D 考查名词的辨析。species物种);group组,群,amount总数,数量;variety多样性。句意为“在植物园我们可以看到多种多样的植物,他们从高树延伸到小花朵。”D符合意思要求。
14.A 考查名词的辨析。range射程;reach手所及的范围,伸出;control控制;distance距离。句意为“你能射掉树顶上的那只鸟吗?不,它在射程之外。”A符合意思要求。
15.A该题考查名词辨析。 elements元素,组成部分;sections切片,部分,零件;material材料,原料,资料;realities现实,真相,真实之物。句意为:“伦敦的生活是由许多种不同的部分组成的”A符合意思要求。
16. C 该题考查名词辨析。根据题意:这张地图在帮助你游览伦敦方面很重要。price:价格;cost费用,成本,价钱, 代价;usefulness:有用, 有效性;value:价值,重要性,有益处;of value 相当于valuable 意为:有价值的,很重要的。
17. A 该题考查对句意的理解。句意为“如果偶然有人来看我,请他们留下口信”。 leave a message 意为:留下口信,准确地表达了这一意思。与message搭配的还有:take a message for sb 捎口信,receive a message :收到口信。
18. C 该题考查根据句意的理解辨别名词的用法。句意: “我将尽可能快地调查此事。请要有耐心。”just用在祈使句的开头,表示“试,请”用于安抚对方“要有耐心”。 patience意为: 忍耐, 耐心,符合题意。have a little time与句意不符;D项不仅与句意不符。且表示“休息一会儿”常用have a rest。 wait作名词用时是可数名词,不能和a little搭配。
19. D 该题考查名词的类别。wealth(财富)是不可数名词,没有复数形式,不能加s。Work 作“工作”之意时为不可数名词;用作“著作”时,是可数名词,常用复数works。句意:“他通过印刷著名作家的作品获取了巨大的财富”。
v 代词精练
1. We asked John and Jerry, but ____ of them could offer a satisfactory ___________explanation.
A. either B. none C. both D. neither
2. - Do you like ______ here?
- Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.
A. this B. these C. that D. it
3. That’s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after______ he’s done for you.
A. something B. anything C. all D. that
4. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _____ from some wood we had.
A. it B. one C. himself D. another
5. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ______.
A. none B. either C. any D. each
6. Playing tricks on others is _____ we should never do.
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
7. She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got______ to talk to.
A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one
8.—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?
—_________ way as you please.
A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either
9.I have done much of the work. Could you please finish in two days?
A.the rest B.the other C.another D.the others
10. I got the story from Tom and people who had worked with him.
A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than
11. It is easy to do the repair. you need is a hammer and some nails.
A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything
12. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately_____ couldn’t spare me even one minute.
A. they B. one C. who D. it
13. - One week’s time has been wasted.
— I can’t believe we did all that work for______.
A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
14. I had to buy _________ these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.
A. both B. none C. neither D. all
15. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but ____ of them came.
A. neither B. either
C. none D. both
16. There's ____ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ____?
A. little; some B. little; any
C. a little; some D. a little; any
17. —There’s coffee and tea; you can have .
—Thanks.
A.either B.each C.one D.it
18.Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we’ve decided to stay for two weeks .
A.another B.other C.the other D.other’s
19.We were in when we left that we forgot the airline tickets .
A.a rush so anxious B.a such anxious rush
C.so an anxious rush D.such an anxious rush
20. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
21. The mother didn’t know ________to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
A. who B. when C. how D. what
22. The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
23. Both teams were in hard training; was willing to lose the game.
A. either B. neither C. another D. the other
24. If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay_______$15.
A.another B.other C.more D.each
25. --- Why don't we take a little break?
---Didn't we just have __________?
A.it B.that C.one D.this
26. Few pleasures can equal_____of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those
27.--Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
--I'm afraid _____ day is possible.
A. either B. neither C. some D. any
28. I hate _____when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
29. Dr, Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can't remember _____.
A. where B. there C. which D. that
30. I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with __________.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
31. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read _______ stories by writers from_________ countries.
A. some; any B. other; some C. some; other D. other; other
32. —When shall we meet again?
—Make it day you like; it's all the same to me.
A. one B. any C. another D. some
33. Tom felt that he knew everybody's business better than they knew it .
A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. himself
34. They were all tired, but _____ of them would stop to take a rest.
A. any B. some C. none D. neither
35. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have .
A. it B. those C. them D. one
36. —Have you finished your report yet?
—No, I'll finish in ten minutes.
A. another B. other C. more D. less
37. —Is your camera like Bill's and Ann's?
—No, but it's almost the same as ______ .
A. her B. yours C. them D. their
【答案与解析】
1. D该题考查代词的用法。John and Jerry是两个人,根据but得知此处是表示否定。故选neither。句意:我问了约翰和杰尔但是他俩都没给做出满意的解释。
2. D该题考查代词的用法。it 指心目中或上下文中的事物。句意:“你喜欢这儿吗?”“啊,是的。这里的空气、天气、生活方式。所有的事都很好。”
3. C该题考查不定代词的用法。all 此处指所有的事情。句意:在你父亲为你做了一切后,说他是件不愉快的事情。
4. B该题考查不定代词的用法。one指代同一类中的一个;it指代同一事物。据题意“厨房里我们还需要一个新厨子。因此彼得用我们自己的木头做了一个。”显然是指代一类。
5. C 该题考查不定代词的用法。前半句得知是指三套,后面又有have no use,指任何一个,故选any。句意:我们有三套花园工具,好像是一套也用不上。
6.B 该题考查不定代词的用法。something表示模糊的概念,意为:之类的事,有价值或重要的事。据题意:捉弄别人是我们永远不能做的事。anything意为:无论什么;任何事。everything意为:每件事物, 万事。nothing意为:不关紧要之事。显然不合题意。
7. D该题考查不定代词的用法。关键是She doesn't know anyone here.所以要选no one。句意:她在这里一个人也不认识。她找不到人说话。
8.C该题是考查不定代词的用法。第一句提供的情景得知是三个,表示选择。第二句的as you please得知是表示任意,任何一个。故选any。“我去那个村庄,这三条路该走哪条?”“你愿走哪条走哪条。”
9.A该题考查代词。the rest意为:其余的,可以代替不可数名词,因为work是不可数名词,故选A。the other指两个中的另外一个。C, D都指代可数名词。句意:这些工作我已做了很多了,剩下的请你在两天完成。
10. C该题考查不定代词的用法。some other意为:别的;every other意为:每隔。据题意选择C最佳。句意:我从汤姆与和他一起工作的别的人那里得到这个消息。
11. B 该题考查不定代词的用法。All you need= what you need。从后面的a hammer and some nails得知不能选Everything。句意:修理很简单,你所需要的就是锤子与钉子。
12. A该题是考查代词的用法。此处指代前面提到的a friend,a friend是泛指,任何一个朋友都行,不只一个,但是指代明确,故选题they。他们都没时间。句意:我原想和朋友交换看法,但是很不幸他们都连一分钟也抽不出来。
13. B该题考查不定代词的用法。据题意:“一周的时间白白浪费啦。”“我不信我们所做的一切没用。”由此得知选nothing。
14. D 考查代词的用法。通过题干中的the best这一最高级形式,可以知道买的书在三本以上,因此排除A、C,再根据句子的意思可以知道D为最佳答案。句意:因为我不知道哪一本最好我不得不把这些书都买了。
15. A 该题考查代词的用法。Joe and Linda指两个人,句中的but是关键词,表示转折,由此选择neither。句意:我请乔和琳达吃饭,但是他们俩一个也没来。
16. A 该题考查不定代词的使用。little无冠词,否定用法,意为:少;几乎没有。some用于交际用语的疑问句中表示委婉的请求。句意:家里没有食油了。你去住宅区附近的商店去买些好吗?
17. A 该题考查代词的用法。该题的关键是There’s coffee and tea,这里时表示选择二者必居其一。故选either两个中的任意一个。Each指三个或三个以上,有时也可以表示事物本身具有两端、两边或两头的任意一个。题意:——这里有咖啡也有茶,你随便。——谢谢。
18.A 考查不定代词的用法。此处的意思是“…再呆两周”,在another+数词+名词的结构中,another作“再讲”,该名词必须用复数,another two weeks也可说成two more weeks。句意:上海确实是个迷人的城市,我们决定再呆两周。
19.D 考查such与so 的用法,so+形容词+a+名词:such+a+形容词+名词,因此D正确。句意:我们走的时候如此着急,以至于把机票忘了。
20. B 该题考查替代词用法。one通常用来替代前面出现的单数可数名词,本题中的one是an unforgettable moment的同位语,之后跟一个由that 引起的定语从句,that 又可以省去。it代指上文中出现的同一人或事物。句意:多年后,我见到了我的叔叔,我会永远珍惜那个令人难忘的时刻。
21. A 该题考查代词加不定式作宾语的用法。该句中的关键词是to blame ,blame的逻辑宾语应该是表示人的代词,而不是指时间、方式或者内容的词。从句意中理解所指的是谴责的对象,因此用who ,who与to blame构成不定式短语作know的宾语。句意:玻璃杯打碎时母亲不在家,所以她不知道该谴责谁。
22. B该题考查句子结构以及指代一致。看到题干中有连词“but”即可确定这是一个并列句,排除选项D。need是关键词,“it”就是指“the new house”指代前面提到的house。“one”为泛指相当于“a house”不是指同一座house不合题意。句意:帕克一家买了一所新房子但是要干很多活儿才能搬进去。
23.B 考查代词的用法。句意为“两队都在刻苦训练,两队都不愿意输掉比赛。”两者的否定用 neither。
24. A该题考查不定代词another,other,more的区别。句意:“如果你想换一间双人房,你得再出15镑。”another,other,more都有 “再”,“还”,“又”之意,但它们的用法却有区别。another通常构成“another+单数名词”和“another+基数词(one除 外)或few+复数名词”之结构;other 和more通常构成“基数词或some, any, a few, many , no等+other/ more+名词”之结构。
25 C 该题考查替代词用法。one表示泛指,替代a little break。句意:—我们为什么不休息一会儿呢?—我们不是刚刚休息过了吗?
26. C该题考查不定代词的替代用法。在进行比较时要和同类的事物相比,that可以代替前面提到过的名词以避免重复,它可以代替一个单数名词或一个不可数名词,。句中that代替pleasure。句意:炎日下没有比喝一杯冷饮更让人愉悦的了。
27. B 该题考查不定代词的用法。此题的关键词语是Monday or Tuesday和I’m afraid,Monday or Tuesday给出了范围,I’m afraid表明了答者所持的否定的态度“不行”。因此用neither。
28. A 该题考查it作形式宾语的用法。it作形式宾语代替它后面的宾语从句when people talk with their mouths full。
29. C 该题考查在省略的宾语从句中连接代词的用法。句中的from either Oxford or Cambridge已限定了范围,两者之间选择;故用连接代词which表示选择。句意:布莱克博士不是来自牛津大学就是来自剑桥大学,我记不得是哪一所。
30. A该题考查句意理解。第一分句“我同意你说的大部分”提示,第二个分句“我不同意……”只能填everything,表示部分否定。如选用anything,就成了全否定句,与第一分句的意思相矛盾。something一般不用在否定句中。填入nothing后,句意反而变成肯定,也与第一分句的内容用表示转折的but不相符。
31. C该题考查some,any和other在词意和用法上的区别。第一句说“Sarah已经读了很多美国作家写的故事”提示“她现在想读一些其他国家的作者写的故事”。故选some和other。
32. B 该题考查短语辨析。one day表示“某一天”,可用在谓语动词是一般过去时和一般将来时的句子中;some day也表示“某一天”,常用在将来时的句子中(与one day同义);another day译为“另一天”;any day指“任何一天”。从后面的定语从句you like和it’s all the same 提供的信息,可以断定any day you like译为“你喜欢定在哪一天都行”或“随便哪一天都行”。
33. A该题考查反身代词的用法。反身代词作主语的同位语时,在人称和数方面应与主语一致。they knew it 后接themselves。
34. C 该题考查对句意的理解。关键词all提示“他们的人数是三个或三人以上”,另一关键词but表示转折,提示第二分句是否定句。neither of them虽也可用于否定句,但表达的意思“他们俩没有一个人”与句意不符。句意:他们都很累了,但是没有人想停下来休息。
35. D 该题考查不定代词one的用法。关键词each guest提示应该选one,代替one of the glasses,以免重复。整个句子的意思是“我希望有足够的玻璃杯,以便每位客人有一只”。
36. A 该题考查another,more,other的区别。another,other,more都有 “再”,“还”,“又” 之意,但它们的用法却有区别。another通常构成“another +单数名词”和“another+基数词(one除外)或few +复数名词”之结构;other 和more通常构成“基数词或 some, any, a few, many , no等+other/ more+名词”之结构。表示再要十分钟的时间,用:another ten minutes 或者ten other minutes,ten more minutes。
37. B 该题考查名词性物主代词的用法。答句中it指代问句中的your camera。照相机只能与照相机作比较,而不能与人作比较。Bill’s=Bill’s camera, Ann’s = Ann’s camera。四个选项中只有yours是名词性物主代词,yours = your camera。
v 数词精练
1. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ____ journey.
A. three-hour B. a three hour
C. a three-hour D. three hours
2. It is reported that the United States uses _____ energy as the whole of Europe.
A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
3.The house rent is expensive . I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying ______ here .
A.as three times much B.as much three times
C.much as three times D.three times as much
4.He did it ____ it took me.
A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the time
5.______of the land in that district ______covered with trees and grass.
A.two fifth; is B.two fifth; are C.two fifths ; is D.two fifths; are
6. It is not rare in _______ that people _______ fifties are going to university for further education.
A. 90s; the B. the 90s; /
C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their
7. _______ cave that George has discovered in his life time is near the Alps.
A. The hundredth B. The hundred
C. Hundredth D. A hundredth
8. The hero of the story is an artist in his _______.
A.thirtieth B.thirty C.thirtys D.thirties
9. Shortly after the accident, two _______ police were sent to the post to keep order.
A. dozen of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozens of
10. China is _______ larger than the United States.
A. one six B. one sixth C. one sixes D. one sixths
11. He looked quite healthy though he was_______.
A.in seventy B.in his seventies C.at seventies D.at the age of seventy
12. Mr. Smith _______ me to buy several _______ eggs for the dinner party.
A. asked; dozen B. suggested; dozens of
C. had; dozen D. persuaded; dozens
13. Two_______died of cold last winter.
A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people
C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples
答案与解析
1. C该题考查数词加名词构成的合成词的用法。three-hour中间需加连字符左前置定语,journey可数需加不定冠词a。题意:用了很长时间才到那里。那是三个小时的旅程。
2. D 该题表示倍数的用法。表示倍数的句型:①倍数+比较级+than…②倍数+ 同级比较(as/so+形容词/副词的原级(名词)+as…③倍数+the size(length, weight…) of…。据此应选B。句意:据报道美国所消耗的能源是欧洲所消耗总和的两倍。
3.D 考查倍数的表达方式,在表达倍数时,倍数都应位于原级或比较级之前,因此D正确。
4.D 该题考查数词的用法。数词one-third要放在名词前面,而名词time后面有定语从句it took me,故为特指,应当在他前面加定冠词the。因此,答案为D。题意:他做这件事用了我用时的三分之一。
5.C该题考查数词与主谓一致的用法。分数的表达式“基数词+序数词的复数”;land为不可数名词,故谓语动词用单数。句意:该地区五分之二的土地为草和森林所覆盖。
6. D该题考查数词的用法。在几十年代,在数词复数前加定冠词,即in the 90s;在某人多少多岁时,是在数词复数前加形容词性的物主代词,即:in one’s fifties。句意:九十年代人们五十多岁时上大学深造并不稀罕。
7. D该题考查数词的用法。序数词前加定冠词。乔治在他一生中所发现的第一百个洞穴是在阿尔卑斯山附近。
8. D该题考查数词的用法。在某人多少多岁时,是在数词复数前加形容词性的物主代词,即:in one’s thirties。句意:这个故事的男主人我翁是三十年代第一位艺术家。
9. C该题考查数词的用法。事故发生后不久,就有两打警察被派往现场维持秩序。
10.B该题考查数词的用法。分数是由“基数词+序数词”构成,如果基数词大于或等于2;序数词变复数。是一时序数词用单数。句意:中国比美国达六分之一。
11. B该题考查数词的用法。在某人多少多岁时,是在数词复数前加形容词性的物主代词,即:in one’s seventies。句意:虽然他已经七十多岁了,他看上去很健康。
12. A该题考查数词的用法。dozen和具体数连用不用复数。句意:史密斯先生让我给他买些鸡蛋宴会上用。
13. B该题考查数词的用法。hundreds和具体数连用不用复数;people当作人们皆不加复数。句意:200老人去年冬天死于寒冷。
v 介词精练
1. People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. _____,she is a great musician.
A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual
2. He got to the station early,____________ missing his train.
A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of
3. The winter of 1990 was extremely bad. _____ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives.
A. At last B. In fact C. In a word D. As a result
4. You can't wear a blue jacket _____ that shirt — it'll look terrible.
A. on B. above C. up D. over
5. I feel that one of my main duties ______ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.
A. for B. by C. as D. with
6.I’d like to buy a house—modern ,comfortable ,and _______ in a quiet neighborhood.
A.in all B.above all C.after all D.at all
7.It was a pity that the great writer died _________his works unfinished.
A.for B.with C.from D.of
8. The accident is reported to have occurred __________ the first Sunday in February.
A. at B. on C. in D. to
9. ____ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A. With B. Besides
C. As for D. Because of
10.The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism the wildlife in the area .
A.in B.on C.at D.with
11.They had a pleasant chat ___a cup of coffee.
A. for B. with C. during D. over
12.Luckily,the bullet narrowly missed the captain an inch.
A. by B. at C. to D. from
13. ---What do you want _____ those old boxes?
---To put things in when I move to the new flat.
A. by B. for C. of D. with
14. The sunlight came in the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.
A. through B. across C. on D. over
15. The home improvements have taken what little there is _____ my spare time.
A. from B. in C. of D. at
16. I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some _________.
A.at last B. in case C.once again D.in time
17. ______production up by 60% , the company has had another excellent year.
A.As B. For C.With D.Through
18. Your performance in the driving test didn't reach required the standard ____, you failed.
A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time
19. --Are the new rules working?
--Yes,_____books are stolen.
A. Few B. More C. Some D. None
20. The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station ____5:40 p.m. at the latest.
A. until B. after C. by D. around
21. —How long has this bookshop been in business?
— ______ 1982.
A. After B. In C. From D. Since
22. Don't all speak at once!______ , please.
A. Each at one time B. One by one time
C. One for each time D. One at a time
【答案与解析】
1. A 该题根据交际情景考查介词短语的用法。After all毕竟;As a result结果;In other words换句话说;As usual照例。根据题意选择A. After all。句意:人们对Karen可能有不同的看法,但我钦佩他。毕竟她是一位伟大的音乐家。
2. C 该题根据交际情景考查短语介词的用法。in case of意为:假设,万一;instead of意为:代替,而不是…;for fear of意为:为了避免;害怕;in search of意为:寻找。据题意:怕误车他早到的车站。只有C符合题意。
3. B 该题根据交际情景选择短语介词。根据句意:1990年的冬天特别糟。事实上,大部分人都说这是他们一生中所经历的最糟的冬天。At last意为:终于;In fact意为:事实是,事实上;In a word意为:总之;As a result意为:结果。根据题意应选择B。
4. D 该题在交际情景中考查介词的使用。over意为:覆盖在…之上。符合题意。句意:你不能在那件衬衣外穿蓝外套,太难看了。on强调,在...之上,依附于。above强调,超出;up强调,在高处。都不合题意。
5. C该题根据交际情景考查介词的用法。引导一个人的身份用as。句意:我感到作为老师我的主要职责之一是帮助学生成为较好的学习者。
6.B该题是根据交际情景考查短语介词。据题意,应当选择above all意为:最重要。句意:我想买房子,现代、舒适、最重要的是街坊要安静。in all总共,after all毕竟,at all根本,都不合题意。
7.B该题根据交际情景考查介词短语的用法。“with+ 名词(代词)+分词”在句中作状语相当于状语从句,表示伴随。句意:那位大作家著作没写完就死了,真遗憾。
8. B 考查介词的用法。在表示某事发生在具体某一天时用介词on,而不用介词in。句意:据报道该事故发生于二月份第一个星期天。
9. A 该题考查解词短语“with + 名词+ 不定式”作状语的结构。句意:还担心两场考试,我本周末真得努力。
10.B 考查介词的固定搭配。“effect on sth”“对 …有影响”。句意:讨论关于旅游对该地区野生动植物影响的会议已经举行了。
11.D该题是交际情景中考查介词的用法。over意为:在…期间,符合题意。其他三项不和题意。题意:我们在喝咖啡时聊的很投机。
12.A 考查介词的用法。By用于和表示数量的词构成短语,表示尺寸、距离等。意思为“相差”。句意:幸运的是,子弹在距离船长一英寸的地方与他擦肩而过,没射中他。
13.D 该题考查在特定情景下使用动词与介词搭配的能力。What does sb want with?是习惯用语,用来表示,说话不明白某人为什么要或留着那个东西。句意:--你留着那些箱子干什么用?--搬家时放东西用。
14.A 考查介词的用法。句意为“阳光通过屋顶的窗子照射进来,照亮了整个房间。”through表示“从……之中穿过”,across 表示“从……表面穿过” on表示“在……上面”,over“在…..上方”,故选A。
15. C该题考查介词的用法。解本题的关键要理清题干的结构,把“what”引导的宾语从句单独拿出来重组成“there is so little of my spare time”,这样little of结构应该都能理解(试想对“so little”划线提问,变为“what little ”),答案C就自然出来了。句意:家庭改善仅占去我一点业余时间。
16. B该题考查介词词组的辨析。at last意为“最后”; in case意为“以防万一”、“免得”; once again意为“再一次”; in time意为“及时”、“迟早”。根据语境和各词的含义和用法,本题答案应该是B。句意:我想我不需要钱,但是还是带点钱,以防万一。
17. C该题考查介词“with+名词+介词短语”的用法。从production up by 60%,就知道这是复合宾语,只能用with后接名词+介词短语。“with+名词+介词短语”结构(with +production + up by 60%)作伴随状语。句意:因为产量提高了60%,所以那年公司又取得了很好的效益。
18. A 该题考查逻辑意义的理解。该题的关键词是yes。从中得知新规定有效,从逻辑意义上讲,应该是书丢的很少,故选few意为:不多、很少。None 不能作定语。句意:“新规定有效么?”“有效。书丢的很少。”
19. C该题考查介词by的用法。by 意为:不迟于; 到...时(为止)。从句意“火车在下午6点发车。因此我必须最晚下午5:40前赶到车站。”可知,A、B项与原句不符。D项干忧最强,但是5:40p. m. 后有at the latest“最晚”,因此,只能选C项。意为“在5:40p. m. 前。”
20. D该题考查介词since 的用法。答句是简略回答。根据问句How long has… been提示, 断定第二句话的时间状语是一段时间,与现在完成时态连用。答句应理解为It has been in business since 1982. ,谓语动词是现在完成时,时间状语应用since + 时刻。句意:“这家商行营业多少时间了?”“从1982年始。”
21. A 该题考查连词与介词辨析。因为Father was away in France.是句子,故应用连词引导。从句意理解,应当是时间状语从句。 C项during是介词,后面不接从句,as引导时间状语从句,相当于when, B、D项不符合题意。句意:小艾丽丝生病了妈妈特别担心,特别是当时父亲远在法国。
22. D 该题考查短语的辨析。at one time 意为:曾经,一度,与过去时态连用;one by one 意为:一个接一个不能用one by one time ;one for each time 不成立;at a time意为:一次。据题意,空格处应当是“一次一个”,故用one at a time。句意:“不要同时讲话,请一个一个讲。
v 冠词精炼
1. ____ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S. would be higher than the number of English speakers by ____ year 2090.
A. A; the B. A; 不填
C. The; 不填 D. The; a
2. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ______.
A. a price B. price
C. the price D. prices
3. -- John, there is________ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you.
--I'm in bath.
A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
4. Tom owns _______larger collection of _______ books than any other student in our class.
A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the
5. The Wilsons live in _____ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _____ 17th century cottage.
A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a
6. For a long time they walked without saying ______ word. Jim was the first to break _____silence.
A. the; a B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
7. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ______ discovery which completely changed ______ man’s understanding of colour.
A. a…不填 B. a…the C. 不填…the D. the…a
8.It is ________world of wonders, world where anything can happen.
A.a ;the B.a; a C.the ; a D.不填;不填
9.When you finish reading the book, you will have better understanding of life.
A.a; the B.the; a C.不填; the D.a; 不填
10. When he left college, he got a job as reporter in a newspaper office.
A. 不填;a B. 不填;the C. a; the D. the; the
11. The most important thing about cotton in history is____ part that it played in ______Industrial Revolution.
A. 不填;不填 B. the;不填 C. the; the D. a; the
12. ____ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking
Canadians is ____ major concern of the country.
A. The; 不填 B. The; a
C. An; the D. An; 不填
13. When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to _______ hotel; I can find you_______ bed in my flat.
A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填
14. The sign reads “In case of _______ fire, break the glass and push _______ red button.”
A.不填;a B.不填;the C.the; the D.a; a
15. I earn 10 dollars hour as supermarket cashier on Saturdays .
A.a …an B.the …a C.an …a D.an…the
16.Our neighbor has ____ours.
A. as a big house as B. as big a house as
C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as
17. Jumping out of ______airplane at ten thousand feet is quite________ exciting experience.
A. 不填; the B. 不填; an C. an; an D. the; the
18.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain good knowledge of basic word formation.
A./ B. the C. a D. one
19. The warmth of _____ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ____ wool used.
A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. 不填, the D. 不填, 不填
20.A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in _______ leg.
A. a B. one C. the D. his
21. Most animals have little connection with ________animals of _________different kind unless they kill them for food.
A.the ; a B.不填 ; a C.the ; the D.不填 ; the
22. Paper money was in _____use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in_________ thirteenth century.
A. the;不填 B. the;the C.不填;the D.不填;不填
23. — Have you seen______ pen? I left it here this morning.
—Is it _____black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a
24. Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must in_____ international trade today.
A. a; 不填 B. the; an C. the; the D. 不填; the
25. —I'd like information about the management of your hotel, please.
—Well, you could have_____ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a
26. She is ____ newcomer to ____ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. A. the ; the B. the ; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. a; the
【答案与解析】
1.A 该题考查冠词的用法。第一空是指最近的一份报告泛指;第二空the year是指2090特指故选A。句意:一份最近的报告陈述在2090年前美国说西班牙语的人数要比说英语的人数要多。
2. C该题考查冠词的用法。此处的price价格是不可数名词特指,故加定冠词the。句意:如果你买十个以上,他们降价20%。
3. A 该题考查冠词的用法。不定冠词a或an用在姓名前或Mr./ Mrs. / Ms. +姓氏,表示“某一个、某位”有不肯定的意味。in the bath意为:在洗澡。句意:约翰,有一个叫威尔逊的先生在电话上找你。”“我在洗澡。”
4. B 该题考查冠词的用法。第一个空用不定冠词加比较级加than any other表示最高级的用法;第二个空是可数名词复数表示类指的用法,不加冠词。句意:汤姆收藏的书在我班最多。
5. D 该题考查冠词的用法。第一空关键是A-shaped的读音, A读字母的名称音,此处是泛指故选an; 第二个空此处还是泛指,选a。句意:威尔逊夫妇住在一处A字形的房子里。该房是一间十七世纪的乡村小别墅。
6. B 该题考查冠词的使用。word当作“简短的话”解时,前面一般用不定冠词,silence在此是特指当时他们之间的沉默。是习惯用语。句意:他们走了很长时间,一句话也没说。吉姆这时首先打破了沉默。
7. A 该题考查冠词的用法。make a discovery为习惯用语,意为:做出发现。man's understanding of colour,名词前面有物主代词故不用冠词。句意:在牛顿研究改良望远镜时,他做出了一个彻底改变人类对颜色理解的发现。
8.B该题是考查冠词的用法。句意:这是一个神奇的世界,一个任何事都可能发生的世界。据题意,得知在这里world是泛指,故选择B.
9.D该题考查冠词的用法。a understanding of意为:对……的理解。Life为不可数名词,泛指不加冠词。句意:你读完这本书时,你对生活将会有更好的理解。
10. A该题考查冠词的用法。leave college为习惯用语不加冠词,意为:大学毕业;reporter为可数名词,泛指职业,故加不定冠词。句意:当他大学毕业时,他在一家报社当了记者。
11. C 该题考查冠词的用法。part 后面有定语从句that it played是特指,Industrial Revolution业是特指,故都须加定冠词the。句意:棉花在历史上最重要的是它在工业革命中所起的作用。
12. B 该题考查冠词的用法。据题意:日益加剧的讲英语的和讲法语的加拿大人之间的分歧是一件该国家主要关注的事。division在此时特指说英语的和说法语的加拿大人之间的分歧,故用定冠词;a major concern是指一件所关注的事。故用不定冠词。
13. A 该题是考查冠词类指的用法。可数名词的类指可以在前面加定冠词、不定冠词或者是复数形式。go to the hotel意为:去住旅馆,第二个空find you a bed找铺位,即表一个还表示类指。句意:下次你来这度假时,别住旅馆了,我家能给你安排住处。
14. B 该题考查冠词的用法。fire当“火灾”讲为不可数名词,此处fire又是泛指因此不加定冠词;在这里的red button是特指,故加定冠词。句意:那个牌子上写着“万一失火,打碎此玻璃,然后按这个红色按钮。
15.C 考查冠词得基本用法,第一空是在元音之前用不定冠词an,第二空填不定冠a。句意:我星期六做商场的收银员每小时挣10美元。
16.B 该题考查冠词的位置。副词as, too, how, so在修饰限定名词的形容词时,放在不定冠词的前面,即:as(too, how, so)+形容词+a/an+名词。因此该题选B。题意:我们邻居的房子和我们的一样大。
17. C 该题考查冠词特指与泛指的辨析。题意:在几千英尺的高处从一架飞机里跳出来是一项十分刺激的体验。可数名词表示泛指,之前应用不定冠词,题中 airplane和 exciting是非常重要的信息词,它们的第一个音节是元音因素,其冠词应是an。
18.C 考查冠词的用法。knowledge属于兼类名词,作不可数名词时表示抽象概念或物质,作可数名词时表示具体事物,此题中knowledge被两个定语修饰将其具体化,成为可数名词,故选择C。题意:理解成千上万生词的一种方法就是掌握基本构词法。
19. B 该题考查冠词表示种类的用法。本题中毛衣“sweater”是可数名词,在此表示一类事物,在它前面要加定冠词。表种类有三种用法,即“a sweater”、“the sweater”和“sweaters”,因此可排除选项C、D。wool为不可数名词,表示一类,不加冠词。the sort of wool泛指羊毛类。
20.C 考查冠词的用法。在表示与人体密切相关的事物前使用定冠词。正确答案为C。句意:一颗子弹打中了那个士兵,他的腿部受伤。
21. B 该题考查冠词表示种类的用法。句意是“多数动物与别的动物没有多少联系,除非它们以其作为食物而捕杀。”题中有两个animals, 第二个animals与第一个animals一样都是泛指表示一类,前面不用冠词。of a kind 意为“同一类的”;of a different kind泛指为“另一类的”,前面要用不定冠词“a”。
22. C 该题考查习惯用语及序数词前冠词的用法。句意:“13世纪马可·波罗来中国时,中国正在使用纸币。”in use是习惯用语,意为“在使用中”, 不加冠词。类似的“in+零冠词+名词”短语:in hospital, in fear, in prison等;thirteenth 是序数词,前面加the。
23. D 该题考查冠词在特定情景区分泛指和特指的能力。题意为“你看到一支钢笔吗?今天上午我把它放在这里的。”“是一支黑色钢笔吗?我好像在什么地方见过。”第一次提到某事,用不定冠词a;后面用it作它的替代词。在答语中提及笔的颜色属泛指,因为两个人都没有明确说出是哪一支钢笔。
24. A该题考查句意的理解和冠词的用法。句意:“很多人承认在今天的国际贸易中了解英语知识是必不可少的。”knowledge是作不可数名词,没有复数形式,不和不定冠词连用,但后接定语of English,使其具体化,要用不定冠词。a knowledge of;have a+形容词+knowledge,表示某方面的知识。international trade 是抽象名词,意为“国际贸易”前面不加任何冠词。
25. A 该题考查冠词与习惯表达。have a word with sb意为:与某人商谈,为固定表达;information为不可数名词,前面不能加冠词,只能用some。句意:---我想了解一下你们宾馆的管理情况。---好吧,你可以和经理谈谈,他会帮你的。
26. C 该题考查对句意的理解和冠词的使用。 “一名新生”是泛指,因此要用不定冠词,chemistry,(化学)是学科名,前面一般用零冠词。句意:他在化学方面虽是新手,但已经有了一些重大发明。
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