【备考2023】中考英语重难点专题特训学案（全国通用）—— 28 阅读理解之议论文 （原卷版+解析版）

这是一份【备考2023】中考英语重难点专题特训学案（全国通用）—— 28 阅读理解之议论文 （原卷版+解析版），文件包含备考2023中考英语重难点专题特训学案全国通用28阅读理解之议论文解析版docx、备考2023中考英语重难点专题特训学案全国通用28阅读理解之议论文原卷版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共44页， 欢迎下载使用。

专项五 中考题型
重难点28 阅读理解之议论文

议论文阅读理解解题方法：
一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨
标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。
二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解
除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。
三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图
做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。
四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧
由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。
总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。


议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。
典例解析
（2021·陕西·统考中考真题）Look at the Earth from space. Why does our planet look so blue? It’s blue because water covers almost three quarters of the Earth’s surface. Water is not just an important part of our planet. It is an important part of our body, too. More than half of our total body weight is water.
Our body loses water whenever we exercise or go to the toilet. That’s why we need to drink plenty of water every day. We drink water. We use it to cook, clean, and carry waste out of our homes. Farmers use it to grow vegetables and crops like rice and corn; factories use it to make products.
Since the 1950s, the amount（数量）of water people use has increased by three times. But the water supply（供应）hasn’t. Scientists worry that soon there won’t be enough water for us, as well as for the animals and plants that share our world. What can we do to help? Use water wisely.
Having enough water isn’t our only problem. We also need it clean.
Right now, ships and factories are putting wastes into seas, rivers and so on. Even chemicals that farmers use are running into rivers and lakes. All this pollution can make the water dangerous to drink. It can also harm fish and other water-living lives.
We must do something to stop pollution. It’s the best way to protect our world’s most valuable natural resource（资源）.
1．How many important areas of water are mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
2．The underlined sentence “We also need it clean” in Paragraph 4 means” ________.”
A．We also need water to wash things B．We also need water that looks clean
C．We also need to keep water clean D．We also need to discover clean water
3．This passage was written to ________.
A．ask people to value water B．advise people to drink more water
C．introduce the uses of water D．describe the situation of water supply

【短文大意】
本文介绍了水资源对我们的重要性，以及它现在所面临的问题，呼吁人们要珍惜水资源。
【答案解析】
1．细节理解题。根据“Water is not just an important part of our planet. It is an important part of our body, too”可知，水不仅仅是地球的重要组成部分，它也是我们身体的一个重要部分；一共提到了两个水资源的重要区域，故选B。
2．句意猜测题。根据下文“Right now, ships and factories are putting wastes into seas, rivers and so on”可知，下文讲述了水污染的情况，所以我们必须要保持水资源是干净的，划线句子与C选项的句子同义，故选C。
3．主旨大意题。根据“We must do something to stop pollution. It’s the best way to protect our world’s most valuable natural resource”可知，作者的目的是让人们珍惜水资源，故选A。



（2022·浙江衢州·统考中考真题）Opinions on Life Skills Education
Although students are busy studying, it is important to remember another area of study life skills, such as washing clothes and growing vegetables. They are useful in our daily life. Here are some opinions about life skills education.

Mrs. Blair
Children need to learn most of the life skills at school. As parents, we can help them take part in activities around the house and in the neighbourhood.
Li Ping
We have life skills classes at school. They’re quite useful. They help prepare for everyday real-life situations, from washing dishes to preparing a meal. These classes give us knowledge we need to live on our own.
Kevin
I’m not sure whether it is necessary because I haven’t tried life skills classes yet. In my school, many students pay no attention to learning life skills. They don’t think it will improve their chances of getting into college.
Mary
Having life skills classes at school is important. Besides, there are other ways for us to learn life skills. We can watch videos on the Internet. We can also learn from our parents and take part in the activities with them.
1．In Kevin’s opinion, many students pay no attention to learning life skills because ________.
A．they are not interested in it B．it’s helpless for attending college
C．they are not sure what to learn D．it’s useless to improve living level
2．According to Li Ping, what can we get from life skills education?
A．Knowledge for college. B．Chances to help our neighbours.
C．Knowledge for living alone. D．Chances to learn from our parents.
3．Who have the same opinion on life skills education according to the text?
A．Li Ping, Kevin and Mary. B．Mrs. Blair, Kevin and Mary.
C．Mrs. Blair, Li Ping and Kevin. D．Mrs. Blair, Li Ping and Mary.

【短文大意】
本文介绍几个人对于生活技能教育的看法。
【答案解析】
1．细节理解题。根据“In my school, many students pay no attention to learning life skills. They don’t think it will improve their chances of getting into college.”可知，许多学生不重视学习生活技能，因为他们认为这不会提高他们进入大学的机会。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“These classes give us knowledge we need to live on our own.”可知，这些课程为我们提供了独立生活所需的知识。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“Mrs. Blair Children need to learn most of the life skills at school.”，“Li Ping They’re quite useful.”和“Mary Having life skills classes at school is important.”可知，Mrs. Blair，Li Ping和Mary有相同的看法，故选D。
（2022·四川绵阳·统考中考真题）Do you compare yourself to other people? Perhaps your best friend receives something you really want, or you’re not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are common and can sometimes be helpful, focusing(专注) on your own progress is important for your happiness.
“We often compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves.” says Dr. Jack. “But I suggest comparing yourself to your past self and your future self. This can make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do. Focusing on your own purposes is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top.”
Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do it without realizing it. It can help us to be clear about our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, it’s important to remember that nobody is perfect in real life. It’s also important to take note of how the comparison is making you feel. “If you begin to feel quite low, focus on your own strengths.” says Jack. In other words, you can ask yourself questions like “What can I do well in?”, which can help you trust yourself.
Maybe here you are wondering “What if all my friends are better than me?”. Dr. White says that jealousy(妒忌) is not bad but focusing on bettering your own work can help you feel just as successful. He also mentions that learning to celebrate your friends’ success can not only help to cheer your friends up but also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up.
4．What does the writer tell us in Paragraph 1?
A．We should compare with others. B．We should share things with brothers.
C．We should enjoy concerts with sisters. D．We should focus on our own progress.
5．Why should you compare yourself to your past self?
A．To care about others. B．To change your purposes.
C．To increase your excitement. D．To be proud of your achievements.
6．What does the underlined phrase “your own strengths” probably mean in Paragraph 3?
A．what you’re good at B．what you’ve understood
C．what you’re crazy about D．what you’ve experienced
7．What does Dr. White suggest?
A．Trusting your friends. B．Cheering on tiny success.
C．Celebrating others’ success. D．Forming a deep friendship.
8．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Plan Your Own Future B．Enjoy Your Own Happiness
C．Run Your Own Race D．Follow Your Own Dream

【短文大意】
本文建议我们不要与别人比较，要专注于自己。
【答案解析】
4．细节理解题。根据“Even though comparisons are common and can sometimes be helpful, focusing on your own progress is important for your happiness.”可知，尽管比较很常见，有时也有帮助，但关注自己的进步对你的快乐很重要。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据“But I suggest comparing yourself to your past self and your future self. This can make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do.”可知，把自己和过去的自己进行比较，会让你对自己所取得的成就感到自豪。故选D。
6．词句猜测题。分析“‘If you begin to feel quite low, focus on your own strengths.’ says Jack. In other words, you can ask yourself questions like ‘What can I do well in?’, which can help you trust yourself.”可知，如果你开始感觉很低落，关注自己的优势，找到自己的优势，可以帮助你信任自己。your own strengths指的是优势。故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据“He also mentions that learning to celebrate your friends’ success can not only help to cheer your friends up but also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up.”可知，怀特博士建议学会庆祝朋友的成功不仅能让你的朋友高兴起来，也能让你感觉良好，它会鼓励你们互相帮助。故选C。
8．最佳标题题。本文建议我们不要与别人比较，要专注于自己。选项C“走自己的路”符合主题。故选C。
（2022·山东菏泽·中考真题）
They say once you learn how to ride a bike, you never forget. Most of us learnt when we were kids, and many still shoot off for a ride around the streets. In recent times, cycling has seen a rise in popularity, so the question is: what makes it so popular to people to ride their bikes once again?
First, let’s look at the good for health. Cycling can improve your health and burn extra body fat. Exercising your legs helps to increase your strength. And cycling’s good isn’t just physical, but mental(精神的) as well. A long ride in the countryside could help you to clear your mind, or lower your worry. But it’s not only about your body and mind, there are also some good sides for your wallet’s(钱包) health.
Cycling can be a great way to go to work or go around town. By cycling, you save money instead of driving a car or taking a bus. If you drive to work, sometimes finding somewhere to park can be a very difficult thing. However, finding somewhere to lock your bike can be much simpler. Then, on the bus, there are changes at stations and other passengers speaking loudly on their phones to deal with. Cyclists face neither of these problems. And if you’re worried about safety, there are special cycle ways in many big cities. Wearing high-visibility(高能见度) clothing is another way to improve your safety when cycling on the roads.
Finally, cycling can also be good for the environment. It can help you to reduce your carbon footprint(碳足迹). Not giving gases out into the air is better for the planet and your own environment.
So, whether people want to cycle for their health, going around town, their wallet, the environment, or a combination(结合) of all of them, the popularity of cycling is on the rise.
9．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To explain a reason.
B．To raise a question.
C．To give an example.
10．What is the meaning of “wallet's health” in Paragraph 2?
A．Cycling saves money.
B．Cycling wastes money.
C．Cycling keeps your wallet safe.
11．Why is cycling good for the environment?
A．It burns extra body fat.
B．It is easy to lock a bicycle.
C．It helps reduce carbon footprint.
12．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Cycling for physical health.
B．Cycling for safety on the road.
C．The growing popularity of cycling.

【短文大意】
本文主要介绍了骑自行车再次受到欢迎的现象以及原因。
【答案解析】
9．推理判断题。根据“In recent times, cycling has seen a rise in popularity, so the question is: what makes it so popular to people to ride their bikes once again?”可知, 第一段的目的是引出话题：为什么骑自行车如此受欢迎。故选B。
10．词义猜测题。根据“By cycling, you save money instead of driving a car or taking a bus.”可知, 骑自行车可以省钱，因此“wallet’s health”指的是“骑自行车很省钱”。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据“It can help you to reduce your carbon footprint. Not giving gases out into the air is better for the planet and your own environment.”可知, 骑自行车对环境有好处是因为有助于减少碳足迹。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“what makes it so popular to people to ride their bikes once again?”与最后一段“So, whether people want to cycle for their health, going around town, their wallet, the environment, or a combination of all of them, the popularity of cycling is on the rise.”以及通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了骑自行车再次受到欢迎的现象以及原因。C选项“骑自行车越来越受欢迎。”符合主题。故选C。
（2022·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）In my opinion, China’s “Double Reduction” Policy（“双减”政策）aimed at easing（减轻）education-related pressure on parents and children is effective. Now take my home as an example to show how it works.
“Dad! Get up! You promised to take us to the zoo today!” my two daughters shouted together one recent Saturday morning. The clock had just struck seven, but our house had already gotten noisier than the monkeys in the zoo!
For families with children, weekends have become very different. In the past, my wife and I could at least sleep in（睡懒觉）. Then at 9 o’clock, we had to wake up the kids. After throwing them into a tutoring class（辅导班）, we could enjoy several hours to ourselves. But now, these classes are gone altogether. Kids, of course, are happy about this. Every Tuesday or Wednesday evening, my girls would ask me, “Where are we going to spend this coming Saturday?”
Luckily, there are still some classes for them to attend. On Sundays, my girls go to learn ballet and chess. They really enjoy their time there. My elder daughter is old enough to read quietly on her own. On lucky days, we can get her to read together with her sister. Still, a quiet “competition” is on. My girls sometimes talk about how their classmates have spent an exciting weekend. It’s their way of complaining about my laziness.
Weekends are more tiring now for parents, but I think they are good for kids. After all, childhood should be more than just studying school subjects. It should be more colorful.
13．What is the aim of the “Double Reduction” Policy?
A．To ease education-related pressure on parents and children.
B．To make parents stay with their children at weekends.
C．To make parents have more time for themselves at weekends.
D．To make children and their parents have a good time at weekends.
14．What did the writer do with his children one recent Saturday morning?
A．They travelled to the countryside. B．They went camping.
C．They went to the zoo. D．They went to a tutoring class.
15．When the tutoring classes are gone altogether, children are________.
A．tired B．sad C．happy D．surprised
16．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．The writer’s elder daughter is old enough to read quietly by herself.
B．The “Double Reduction” Policy is effective.
C．The writer’s children learn ballet and chess on Sundays now.
D．Weekends are more relaxing for parents because of the “Double Reduction” Policy.
17．What might be the writer’s attitude（态度）toward the Policy?
A．Supportive. B．Disapproving. C．Doubtful. D．Unsure.

【短文大意】
本文主要讲述中国的 “双减”政策对父母和孩子的影响。
【答案解析】
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“China’s ‘Double Reduction’ Policy aimed at easing education-related pressure on parents and children is effective”可知，中国“双减”政策的目的是为了减轻父母和孩子与教育有关的压力。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“ ‘Dad! Get up! You promised to take us to the zoo today!’ my two daughters shouted together one recent Saturday morning.”可知，在最近的周六，作者和孩子去了动物园。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据第三段“But now, these classes are gone altogether. Kids, of course, are happy about this”可知，辅导班的课取消之后，孩子们很开心。故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Weekends are more tiring now for parents”可知，现在周末对于父母来说更累了。D选项表述错误。故选D。
17．态度观点题。根据最后一段“I think they are good for kids”及“childhood should be more than just studying school subjects. It should be more colorful”可知，作者认为这个政策对孩子是有好处的，对于“双减”政策是支持的态度。故选A。
（2022·湖南永州·统考中考真题）On August 30, 2021, the Chinese government announced that kids would not be allowed to play online games Mondays to Thursdays. On weekends and holidays, kids would be limited(限制) to an hour a day of online gaming. “Recently, many parents have reported that playing games crazily among some youths and children is seriously harming their normal study, life and health.” the Chinese government said online. This news got us thinking. Should the government be responsible for limiting how much time kids spend online? Here are some students’opinions.
Esme McNeely, 11
The government should not set screen-time limits. That decision should be up to parents. Some children need to use screens for homework. And during the COVID-19, one of the only ways to talk to friends was online. Government limits would not be fair to people who are careful with their screen time.
Lucas Barone, 11
The government should not limit screen time. A 2021 study from the University of Colorado Boulder says screen time might be less harmful to kids than people think. Some parents worry that children online too much won’t make friends. But the study reports that screen time can actually improve kids’friendships. In fact, screen time can be educational. I use websites to read and to learn math.
Xiuhan Zhu, 9
I think the government should take action and limit screen time for kids. Too much screen time can lead to tiredness and less social time. People who use smartphones are more likely to get into car accidents. Electrical products like computers can also be harmful for kids. If kids aren’t careful with the websites they use, criminals can get important information.
Ning Li, 10
Most people spend too much time on their phones and TVs. They hurt their eyes and waste their time. And watching a lot of TV or playing games can influence kids’ learning and social skills. If the government limited screen time, people would be encouraged to spend more time with their family. They might join a sports team in their neighborhood.
18．When are kids allowed to play online games for an hour a day?
A．On Mondays. B．On Wednesday. C．On weekends.
19．Who is against screen-time limits?
A．Esme McNeely. B．Xiuhan Zhu. C．Ning Li.
20．What does the study from he University of Colorado Boulder show?
A．Screen time might do no harm to kids.
B．Screen time can improve kids’ friendships.
C．Screen time won’t help kids make friends.
21．What are Ning Li’s opinions about screen-time limits?
A．Too much screen time can lead to tiredness.
B．Criminals can get important information easily.
C．People are encouraged to spend more time with their family.
22．What is the article mainly about?
A．Screen time can be educational.
B．Screen time can lead to less social time.
C．Whether the government should set screen-time limits.

【短文大意】
本文针对政府是否应该负责限制孩子们花在网上的时间，几个孩子给出了自己的看法。
【答案解析】
18．细节理解题。根据“On weekends and holidays, kids would be limited(限制) to an hour a day of online gaming.”可知，在周末和节假日，孩子们每天只能玩一个小时的网络游戏。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据“Esme McNeely, 11...The government should not set screen-time limits.”可知，Esme McNeely反对限制，故选A。
20．细节理解题。根据“A 2021 study from the University of Colorado Boulder says screen time might be less harmful to kids than people think. Some parents worry that children online too much won’t make friends. But the study reports that screen time can actually improve kids’friendships.”可知，科罗拉多大学博尔德分校2021年的一项研究称，屏幕时间对孩子的伤害可能比人们想象的要小，一些家长担心孩子上网太多会交不到朋友，但研究报告称，屏幕时间实际上可以改善孩子们的友谊。故选B。
21．细节理解题。根据“If the government limited screen time, people would be encouraged to spend more time with their family.”可知，如果限制屏幕时间，人们就会被鼓励花更多的时间和家人在一起。故选C。
22．主旨大意题。本文针对政府是否应该负责限制孩子们花在网上的时间，几个孩子给出了自己的看法。选项C“政府是否应该设置屏幕时间限制”符合主题，故选C。
（2021·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）All over the world, thousands of animals are used for wildlife tourism. People travel to watch monkey shows, hug baby tigers and swim with dolphins. It might look like fun, but there are reports that animals are hurt now and again. The World Animal Protection (WAP) says that up to 550, 000 wild animals are exposed (暴露) to ill treatment around the world; in Cambodia, for example, it’s been reported that elephants have died after carrying tourists for long in hot weather. This is getting attention—over 100 travel companies have promised that they will no longer open up such places. However, some people argue that animal tourism isn’t always as bad as it seems. So what do you think?
Group Yes
Group No
●Animals weren’t put on this planet for enjoyment. They should be free to live as they choose.
●The way animals are treated is often cruel and causes much pain. Even if treated well, they cannot act in the same way as they would in the wild.
●We don’t need wildlife tourism. We can see animals close up in their natural home in TV programs. There’s no need to disturb(打扰) them in real life.
●It is enjoyable and educational for people to communicate with the wonderful animals. The more people know about them, the more they want to protect them.
●Wildlife tourism brings money to poor area and may be the only way for some people to make a living.
●Not all animals are treated badly. Some endangered animals are under the protection of programs that look after rare species(有物种).

23． How many wild animals are facing bad treatment according to the WAP?
A．About 55, 000. B．About 500, 000. C．About 550, 000.
24．The underlined words “such places” are places for ________.
A．foreign travelers B．wildlife tourism C．wildlife protection
25．What opinion do the two groups have in common?
A．Wildlife should be protected.
B．Animals can live wherever they like.
C．Animal tourism supports poor people.
26．Group Yes suggests that people should not disturb animals ________.
A．in Cambodia B．in travel companies C．in real life
27．What is the text mainly about?
A．Ways of protecting rare species.
B．Different opinions on wildlife tourism.
C．How to bring tourist enjoyment.

【短文大意】
本文通过介绍野生动物旅游业给野生动物带来的不好的影响，进而引出了针对是否发展野生动物旅游业这一问题的两种不同观点。
【答案解析】
23．细节理解题。根据“The World Animal Protection (WAP) says that up to 550, 000 wild animals are exposed (暴露) to ill treatment around the world;”可知，世界各地多达55万只野生动物被虐待，故选C。
24．词句猜测题。根据“However, some people argue that animal tourism isn’t always as bad as it seems.”可知，划线词such places是指句中“动物旅游地”，故选B。
25．推理判断题。根据“Animals weren’t put on this planet for enjoyment. They should be free to live as they choose.”和“The more people know about them, the more they want to protect them.”可知，双方都赞成要保护野生动物，故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据“There’s no need to disturb(打扰) them in real life.”可知，赞成组建议人们不要在真实的生活中打扰动物。故选C。
27．主旨大意题。通读文章可知，文章主要针对“是否要发展动物旅游业”展开讨论，分为赞成组和反对组，B项“关于动物旅游业的不同观点”符合标题。故选B。
（辽宁阜新·统考中考真题）School homework and use of electronic devices（电子仪器）are main causes, a report says. More than 60% of children and teens do not get adequate sleep, which can put their health at risk, according to a report that came out on Sunday by the Chinese Sleep Research Society. The report was from a survey at the end of last year and in January. It covered nearly 70,000 children and teens aged 6 to 17 across the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.
The report found that the heavy school homework load（负荷）and the popularization of electronic devices were the two top causes for the inadequate sleep. From Monday to Thursday, 8.4% of the group would still be busy with their homework after 11 p. m. More than 41% of children and teenagers who sleep too little use electronic devices, and children whose parents use smartphones in front of them are more probably to have less sleep. Other reasons, such as noise and light pollution, made the problem happen, the report said. The survey also showed that good sleep results in higher efficiency（效率）in study.
Gao Xuemei, vice—president of the society, said studies have shown that decreasing（减少）sleeping time for children and teenagers has been a global trend（全球趋势）in the past 10 years, but the problem appears to be worse in East Asia, including China, largely because of a heavier load of school homework.
“Lack（缺失）of sleep among children and teenagers is worth paying high attention to, because it can seriously affect their health and growth,” she said. “Such a group should sleep at least eight hours a day,” she added. “Sleep develops growth, protects the brain and improves the immune system（免疫系统）,” she said. “Long-term lack of sleep will bring risks of diseases（疾病）and conditions such as dementia（痴呆）and cause lasting health harm.”
28．The word “adequate” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”.
A．enough B．much C．necessary D．helpful
29．The two top causes for the inadequate sleep are ________.
A．noise and the heavy school homework
B．light pollution and the heavy school homework
C．the heavy school homework and electronic devices
D．electronic devices and noise
30．From the passage we can learn ________.
A．the more children sleep, the higher their grades are
B．parents influence their children less if they use smartphones
C．noise and light pollution play an important role in the sleeping problem
D．children in East Asia may lack more sleep than those in other parts of the world
31．Sleep helps us a lot EXCEPT ________.
A．developing growth
B．protecting the brain
C．improving the immune system
D．bringing risks of diseases
32．The writer wants ________ by the passage.
A．to find out the reasons for children’s inadequate sleep
B．to stop children and teenagers using electronic devices
C．us to pay high attention to lack of sleep among children and teenagers
D．us to cut down children and teenagers’ heavy school homework

【短文大意】
这是一篇议论文，文章主要向人们讲述了睡眠缺乏给儿童和青少年带来的坏处，以及充足的睡眠对他们所带来的好处。
【答案解析】
28．词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“School homework and use of electronic devices are main causes, a report says” 一份报告称，学校作业和电子仪器的使用是主要原因；及“which can put their health at risk”可能会危及他们的健康。 可知讲述的是没有足够的睡眠。“adequate” 的意思是“足够的”，相当于“enough”。故选A。
29．细节理解题 。根据文章第一段“School homework and use of electronic devices are main causes, a report says. More than 60% of children and teens do not get adequate sleep” 可知超过60%的儿童和青少年不能得到足够的睡眠，学校作业和电子仪器的使用是主要原因。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“decreasing sleeping time for children and teenagers has been a global trend in the past 10 years, but the problem appears to be worse in East Asia, including China, largely because of a heavier load of school homework”可知在过去10年里，减少儿童和青少年的睡眠时间是一种全球趋势，但在包括中国在内的东亚地区，这一问题似乎更为严重。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Sleep develops growth, protects the brain and improves the immune system…Long—term lack of sleep will bring risks of diseases and conditions such as dementia and cause lasting health harm”可知睡眠会促进成长，保护大脑，改善免疫系统。长期缺乏睡眠会带来疾病和痴呆等疾病的风险，并对健康造成持久危害。D选项“bringing risks of diseases带来疾病的风险”不包括。故选D。
32．主旨大意题。 文章主要向人们讲述了睡眠缺乏给儿童和青少年带来的坏处，以及充足的睡眠对他们所带来的好处。故选C。
（江苏镇江·统考中考真题）Have you ever wondered how we know the things that we know? How do we know, for example, that the stars are really huge balls of fire like the Sun and very far away? And how do we know that the Earth is a smaller ball turning round one of those stars, the Sun?
The key to these questions is “evidence”, which means the facts, signs or objects that make you believe something is true.
Sometimes evidence means actually(实际上) seeing (or hearing, feeling, smelling...)that something is true. Astronauts have travelled far enough from the Earth to see with their own eyes that it is round. Sometimes our eyes need help. The “evening star” looks like bright twinkle in the sky, but with a telescope(望远镜) you can see that it is a beautiful ball. Something that you learn by direct seeing (or hearing or feeling...) is called an observation.
Often evidence isn’t just observation on its own, but observation always hides at the back of it. If there’s been a murder, often nobody (except the murderer and the dead person!) actually observed it. But detectives can gather together lots of other observations which may all point towards the suspect. If a person’s fingerprints match those found on a knife, this is evidence that he touched it. It doesn’t prove that he did the murder, but it can help when it’s joined up with lots of other evidence.
Prediction(预测) helps to look for evidence. Scientists make a guess about what might be true. For example, if the world is really round, we can predict that any of us, going on and on in the same direction, should eventually find ourselves back where we started.
People sometimes say that you must believe in feelings deep inside, but not all the inside feelings are real evidence.
What can we do about all this? When somebody tells you something that sounds possible, think to yourself: “Is there any evidence for that?” And, next time somebody tells you that something is true, why not say to them: “What kind of evidence is there for that?” Remember, always think carefully before you believe a word.
33．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．What you see directly is real evidence.
B．Prediction helps to prove something if it is true
C．people should always believe their inside feelings.
D．Astronauts find the Earth is round with a telescope
34．Why does the writer use the example of a detective in Paragraph 4?
A．To explain what the prediction is. B．To tell what observation is called.
C．To introduce how detectives work. D．To prove evidence is not just observation
35．The underlined word “eventually” in Paragraph 5 means ________.
A．finally B．probably C．completely D．luckily
36．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Evidence speaks B．Scientists make predictions
C．Inside feelings help get ideas D．Observation offers the facts

【短文大意】
本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了如何通过观察来寻找证据，在短文中介绍了几个寻找证据的方法。
【答案解析】
33．细节理解题。根据“Prediction helps to look for evidence. Scientists make a guess about what might be true.”可知，预测有助于寻找证据，由此用证据来证明你的预测是否正确。”故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据“Often evidence isn't just observation on its own, but observation always hides at the back of it.”可知，通常证据不只是观察本身，而是观察隐藏在它背后的真相。再由句子“But detectives(侦探)can gather together lots of other observations which may all point towards the suspect(嫌疑犯).”可知，侦探们可以收集很多其他的观察结果，这些观察结果可能都指向嫌疑犯。可知，作者在第4段中使用侦探的例子就是为了证明证据不只是观察。但可以通过观察，寻找证据。故选D。
35．词义猜测题。根据“For example, if the world is really round, we can predict that any of us, going on and on in the same direction, should eventually find ourselves back where we started”可知，如果世界真的是圆的，在在同一个方向上继续前进，最终应该回到起点。故选A。
36．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了如何通过观察来寻找证据。故选A。
（2021·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）
Just the other day, I was in a bookshop and found a book named How to make friends with foreigners. As a Canadian living in China for a year, I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer giving on this matter.
One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite angry. In the writer’s opinion, foreigners are an "opportunity (机会)" to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, American or English, you should practise speaking English with him or her. If the foreigner doesn’t want to answer your questions, then he or she is a rude person who you wouldn’t want to spend time with anyway. I think this advice is not only incorrect, but also may harm the relationship between Chinese and foreigners in China.
Like most other "Lao Wai" living in China, I know how lonely one can sometimes feel living in a culture different from our own familiar (熟悉的) ways. However, I simply accept as part of being here. So far my time in China has been rewarding. I have improved my Chinese language skills, learned about one of the fastest developing countries in the world today and made some very close Chinese friends.
However, I have also met many Chinese people who consider me only as an "opportunity" to improve their oral English. I have had people following me from town to my flat to trouble me to teach them English. I have had complete strangers throwing articles or speeches in my face, insisting that I help them with the English translation. I have had people asking me non-stop questions for half an hour at the weekly English Corner ...
Friendship for a lot of foreigners is about spending time with someone whose company (陪伴) they really enjoy. So if there is any advice to give on making and keeping friendships with foreigners, I would say that it is this: Treat foreigners as people, not opportunities. Expect to make friendships step by step, over a period of time, not in a rush. ________ If your only reason for becoming fiends with a foreigner is to improve your English, then you will probably find that you don’t have a foreign friend for long.
37．Where is the writer of this passage from?
A．America B．China C．Canada D．England
38．Why is the writer of the passage interested in the book "How to make friends with foreigners" ?
A．Because he wants to have some more close Chinese Friends.
B．Because he has greatly improved his Chinese language skills,
C．Because no Chinese people would like to make friends with him.
D．Because he wants to know about the Chinese writer’s advice on this topic.
39．According to the writer of the book "How to make friends with foreigners" , ________.
A．his advice may make foreigners angry
B．it is rude of you to ask a foreigner questions
C．you should choose a good foreigner to practise English with
D．don’t waste time on a foreigner who doesn’t answer your questions
40．In the fourth paragraph, the writer uses "I have had…" three times, because ________.
A．he had no better sentences to express his ideas.
B．he wanted to show how he hated to make friends with Chinese.
C．he wanted to show how he hated to be treated as an “opportunity”.
D．he met Chinese who wanted to make friends with him only three times.
41．Which sentence may be the best to fill in the "________" in the last paragraph?
A．True friendships stand (经得起) the test of time.
B．Learn about different cultures to make real friends.
C．Friends are about opportunities or personal advantages.
D．There’s real friendship between people from different countries.

【短文大意】
本文讲述了一位在中国生活的加拿大人谈论如何与外国人建立和保持友谊，他认为要把外国人当作人，而不是机会，才能一步一步地建立友谊。
【答案解析】
37．细节理解题。根据第一段“As a Canadian living in China for a year…”可知，作者来自加拿大，故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer giving on this matter”可知，作者对这本书很感兴趣，是因为他想知道一位中国作家在这个问题上给出了什么样的建议，故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据第二段“ In the writer’s opinion, foreigners are an ‘opportunity’ to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, American or English, you should practise speaking English with him or her.”可知，书的作者认为外国人是提高你英语口语的“机会”，每当你见到外国人，你应该和他或她练习说英语，故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据第二段“One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite angry.”以及第四段“However, I have also met many Chinese people who consider me only as an ‘opportunity’ to improve their oral English.”可知，这里作者用了三次“I have had…”，因为他想表明他是多么讨厌被当作“机会”来对待，故选C。
41．词句猜测题。根据前一句“Expect to make friendships step by step, over a period of time, not in a rush.”可知，这里作者想告诉我们要一步一步地建立友谊，在一段时间内，不要匆忙，真正的友谊经得起时间的考验的，故选A。
（2021·湖北荆门·统考中考真题）
TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a mobile app allowing users to create, share and watch short videos.Developed by: ByteDance
Users: 13+
Joe ThomasIt seems very enjoyable. However, it’s difficult to stop once you start watching its videos. It’s not a good idea to spend too much time on it.
Alice Brown
  I like the app because it allows me to share my daily life and make new friends. What’s more, I have won more popularity for the videos I created. Now I have more than 10 million fans.
Adam Young
  There is no need for us to use this app. My friend Tom Smith spends most of his spare time on TikTok. I think he should spend time on more meaningful things, such as exercising or reading.

42． TikTok is suitable for users aged ________.
A．7 B．20 C．12 D．10
43．Joe Thomas thinks that you may ________ while watching TikTok.
A．spend too much time B．get bored easily
C．waste too much money D．learn some harmful information
44．TikTok has made ________ popular for his (her) videos.
A．Joe Thomas B．Tom Smith C．Adam Young D．Alice Brown

【短文大意】
本文介绍了三个人对抖音这个应用程序的看法。
【答案解析】
42．细节理解题。根据“Users: 13+”可知，适合13岁以上年龄的用户，故选B。
43．细节理解题。根据“However, it’s difficult to stop once you start watching its videos. It’s not a good idea to spend too much time on it”可知，他认为在看抖音时会花费许多时间，故选A。
44．细节理解题。根据“ What’s more, I have won more popularity for the videos I created”可知，抖音让Alice因她的视频而变得受欢迎，故选D。
（2021·辽宁·统考中考真题）

Meiqi
Guangdong
Many of my classmates are losing weight so they can look more beautiful. There is nothing wrong with being beautiful, but it is not wise to lose weight by dieting (节食) unhealthily. Every year, many people become sick because of dieting, it is bad for their health and even costs them their own lives. In fact, life is the most important thing. Exercise more and eat less. This could be the best way to lose weight.

Zixuan
Wuhan
These days, many of us have idols (偶像). They are mostly pop stars. It’s good to like someone with great qualities (品质). But sometimes some fans are too crazy. For example, they might spend too much time watching their idols’ shows. They also buy expensive gifts for their idols. But their own lives might be pretty hard. Some young fans might pay so much attention to their idols that their grades get worse. Some even give up classes to see their idols. Fans should love their idols in a healthy way.

Miaoxi
Sichuan
I often see people wearing hanfu on the street. Some might think they are strange, but I don’t think so. Everyone has the right to make a choice. Some people enjoy fashion (时尚), while others like tradition. In fact, when I sometimes see girls wearing hanfu in my school, I say to myself, “Wow! That’s a beautiful dress! They are so different!” One day, I will wear hanfu and introduce it to foreigners.

45． The first paragraph tells us ________ is the most important.
A．attention B．exercise C．life D．beauty
46．According to Meiqi, the best way to lose weight could be ________.
A．becoming sick B．dieting unhealthily
C．giving up classes D．exercising more and eating less
47．Zixuan thinks idols should ________.
A．buy fans gifts B．lose weight
C．have great qualities D．get good grades
48．From the last paragraph, we can infer Miaoxi ________.
A．doesn’t like tradition
B．wants to visit foreigners
C．thinks wearing hanfu is strange
D．wants to spread Chinese tradition culture
49．The three people in this passage may be ________.
A．students B．writers C．reporters D．teachers

【短文大意】
文章介绍了三个来自不同地方的同学对现在社会上的三种现象（节食减肥、追星以及穿汉服）给出自己的看法。
【答案解析】
45．细节理解题。根据“In fact, life is the most important thing.”可知，生命是最宝贵的最重要的，故选C。
46．细节理解题。根据“Exercise more and eat less. This could be the best way to lose weight.”可知，多运动少吃可能是最好的减肥方法。故选D。
47．观点态度题。根据“It’s good to like someone with great qualities (品质).”可知，喜欢有优秀品质的人是件好事，也就是说偶像应该是有优秀品质的人，故选C。
48．推理判断题。根据“when I sometimes see girls wearing hanfu in my school, I say to myself, “Wow! That’s a beautiful dress! They are so different!” One day, I will wear hanfu and introduce it to foreigners.”可知，苗熙想要传播中国传统文化，故选D。
49．推理判断题。根据“Many of my classmates are losing weight”以及“Some young fans might pay so much attention to their idols that their grades get worse. Some even give up classes to see their idols.”以及“when I sometimes see girls wearing hanfu in my school”可知，文中的三个人应该是学生，故选A。
（2021·山东滨州·统考中考真题）“Life’s a long, long journey,” so we are told, and most of us would not set off on a journey, even a short one, without some ideas of where we wanted to go. Yet many people travel on life’s journey with no sense of direction at all.
Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction. Goal setting is used by top sports players, successful business people and achievers in all fields. Before you set personal goals, think about what you want to achieve with your life.
Try to set goals in some of the following categories (类别):
Education—Will you achieve the educational goals after finishing high school? Are you still growing and learning?
Family—What kind of relationship do you want with your parents and other family members?
Creative—Do you want to achieve any artistic goals?
Career—What job do you want to take when you grow up? What do you need to make your dream come true?
Public Service—Do you want to make the world a better place?
Physical—Are you fit enough to do the things you want to do?
Pleasure—How do you want to enjoy yourself?
To help make the process more manageable, divide your goals into smaller tasks. For example, if you want to reach a main goal in five years, set a three-year goal, a one-year goal, a three-month goal and a one-month goal. Then create a daily To-Do List of things that you should do today. When a goal is achieved, take the time to enjoy your success. This helps you build the self-confidence.
Remember, your goals can be changed as time goes on. But be sure your goals are the things you hope to achieve, not what your parents, family or teachers want.
50．According to the passage, why should we set goals?
A．To have a better future. B．To enjoy pleasure in life.
C．To know where to have a journey. D．To give our life a sense of direction.
51．What should you consider when you set a family goal?
A．The education you want to get. B．The job to support your family.
C．The time you’ll spend reaching your goal. D．The relationship with family members.
52．What’s the best advice to achieve the main goal?
A．Dividing your goals into smaller tasks. B．Creating a daily To-Do List of things.
C．Building the self-confidence. D．Setting the time to achieve the main goal.
53．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Once you set your goals, they can’t be changed.
B．Not all the people can get success by setting goals.
C．Enjoying success in one goal can help you do better in the next one.
D．Your goals are the things you and your parents, families or teachers want.
54．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．A long journey. B．Goal setting for life. C．The direction of life. D．Ways to achieve goals.

【短文大意】
生活是一段漫长的旅程，设定目标可以给我们的生活一个方向感。首先你要知道自己人生的目标是什么，如何设定自己的人生目标，这篇短文中作者提出了一些建议。
【答案解析】
50．细节理解题。根据“Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction.”可知，设定个人目标可以给我们的人生方向感。故选D。
51．细节理解题。根据“Family—What kind of relationship do you want with your parents and other family members?”可知，在设定家庭目标的时候，你首先要想清楚你想与父母和其他家庭成员保持什么样的关系。故选D。
52．细节理解题。根据“To help make the process more manageable, divide your goals into smaller tasks.”可知，为了完成一个主要的目标，你应该把它分成几个小目标。故选A。
53．推理判断题。根据“When a goal is achieved, take the time to enjoy your success. This helps you build the self-confidence.”可知，当一个目标实现了，享受你的成功，这会帮助你建立自信，这样可以帮助你在下一个目标中做得更好。故选C。
54．标题归纳题。根据文意以及短文中“Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction.”可知，文章中作者首先提到“设定个人目标能给生活方向感”，然后下文介绍了如何设定人生目标。B选项“设定人生目标”符合文章主旨，作为标题最合适。故选B。