【中考二轮题型复习】2023年中考英语全国通用题型分类汇编学案——专题02 单项选择

专题03 完形填空

备考2023年中考英语二轮题型解读与技巧点拨

从近几年的中考题来看,完形填空题加大了对文章的结构意义、上下文衔接、逻辑思维等内容的考查比例,另外还增加了情景句的考查,把同义、近义或比较难区分的词汇放到一定的语境中考查,这对考生来说无疑增加了难度。这就需要考生在解答问题时应遵循以下做题原则:“先完其意,而后完其形”,也就是说先了解文章的大意,然后才能做题。考查的语篇类型主要以记叙文、说明文为主,词数145~225。考点分析:每篇8~10道小题。以考查语境为主,同时考查各类词的词义辨析。必考点:名词、动词、形容词。

一、完形填空的考查类型

1. 词汇题。

    从句子和语境层次上全面考查名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、连词、介词、动词等词类的意义和用法。

2. 动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词和主谓一致题。

    从语境的层次来全面考查学生对上述内容的掌握程度。

3. 常用固定搭配和习惯用法题。

    涉及动词短语、介词短语、副词短语等的搭配和用法。

4. 句法题。

    涉及简单句的五种句型、并列句、状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句等。

5. 逻辑分析题。

    主要考查学生的阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和语言运用能力。

一、完形填空解题步骤：

一）、快速浏览，重视首句

在浏览文章时，我们既要重视文中诸如人名、时间、连词之类的关键词，抽取重要的信息点，也要注意不要在具体的细节上花费太多时间。看句子、抓主干、看大意、抓结构就可以了。还需要特别注意的是，完形填空的首句一般不设空。因为首句是整篇文章信息的开端和起点，决定了下文信息流动的方式和方向，也为整篇文章提供了足够的背景信息，所以我们要高度重视文章的首句。

二）、通读全文，先易后难

快速浏览完文章后，我们已经初步了解了文章的主旨大意，接下来，我们就要通读全文，把所给的几个选项分别填入空白处所在的句子中。在做完形填空题时，我们一定要注意在语境理解上下功夫，抓住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系，注意连词、代词、插入语等的作用。另外，我们往往会发现有些空白处在快速浏览阶段就可以填出，而有些在通读全文后答案都不是很明朗。遇到这种情况，不要慌张，在把其余空白处的内容”复原”后，我们对语境的了解就会更加清晰、更加准确，这时再来啃那些”硬骨头”就会比较容易。

三）、复读全文，验证答案

相对于前面两步，第三步往往不被考生注意。完形填空来自于一篇完整的短文，我们的任务是还原短文原貌。我们只有复读短文，才能感悟出所选答案和原文是否匹配，上下文是否自相矛盾，语篇衔接是否顺畅。在复读的过程中，我们可能会发现有些选项需要重新考虑。

二、完形填空主要解题方法：

方法一：利用上下文线索解题

对于大部分完形填空题，我们需要通过上下文的线索解题。有些解题的线索就在题目的附近；有些解题的线索比较远，甚至要跨段去寻找线索。

One cold winter morning, Jim fell from his father’s bike and his legs couldn’t move. A doctor   16    him and said he had to stay in bed for some time.

16. A. saw      B. asked      C. hear      D. checked

分析：承接前文“腿不能动”，主语doctor“医生”提示用动词check“检查”，符合句意“医生给他做了检查”。故选D。

No matter who you are and where you live, the most important thing is what kind of person you are. There are many good qualities that can benefit you a lot in your life. Among them, the following   21   qualities are the most helpful ones.

Have a  22  attitude. ...

Keep learning. ...

Be creative. …

Be honest and keep your promise. …

21. A. three                 B. four                  C. five

〖解析〗：根据下文具体给出的例子可在此处是四个。故选B。

方法二：利用重复词语、派生词、近义词等解题

被选作完形填空材料的文章一般前后呼应，主题明确，往往会有词语重复出现，或者以其派生词、近义词等其他形式出现的现象，这类题目一般比较容易解答。

But for many years, salt’s most important job was to   40   food. Like other living things, most bacteria (细菌) need water to live. Salt takes in plenty of water, so most bacteria cannot live   41   a salty environment. As a result, salt protects food and many other things.

40. A. protect   B. provide    C. produce    D. prepare

〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是数年来，盐的最重要的作用是保护食物。protect保护；provide提供；produce生产；prepare准备。从下句As a result, salt protects food and many other things.知，盐可以保护很多食物和别的东西。故选A。

方法三：利用语法知识解题

虽然完形填空的考查越来越淡化语法，但是一个语义连贯的语篇必须是符合各种语法关系的。因此考生在解题时可以将几个选项分别代入空中，对句子进行语法分析、判断，从而缩小答案范围或选出正确答案。

Space travel is nothing new. The first spaceship with a human was sent up   36   space in 1961. Since then, people have not only travelled to space,    37   many of them have also lived there in space stations for some time.

36. A. into              B. with                 C. of

37. A. for               B. but                  C. unless

〖解析〗36考查介词辨析。由set up into“发射进入”可知。故选A。

37考查固定搭配。not only… but (also)为固定搭配，意为“不仅……；而且……”。故选B。

Space travel is nothing new. The first spaceship with a human was sent up   36   space in 1961. Since then, people have not only travelled to space,    37   many of them have also lived there in space stations for some time.

36. A. into              B. with                 C. of

37. A. for               B. but                  C. unless

〖解析〗36考查介词辨析。由set up into“发射进入”可知。故选A。

37考查固定搭配。not only… but (also)为固定搭配，意为“不仅……；而且……”。故选B。

方法四：利用文化背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理

完形填空题的语篇有时会渗透着相关的文化背景知识和生活常识，如：科学知识、历史知识、地理知识、风俗民情、民族习惯等。在做题时，如果能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断思维过程，节省宝贵的时间。

 Hearing this, the dog woke up, rose with its ears   18   and wagged(摇摆) its tail.

18. A. down B. up C. off D. through

〖解析〗句意：听到这个，狗醒了，竖起耳朵，摇着尾巴。根据常识可知，狗醒了耳朵是竖起，故选B。

Films and TV plays also play a part. People 16._______ their “heroes” on TV drinking alcohol(酒) or 17._______ cigarettes.

16. A. hear             B. catch             C. watch

〖解析〗考查动词的词义辨析。根据句意，人们在电视上观看….，故选C。

方法五：排除干扰，去伪存真

我们在做完形填空题时，有时会遇到这种情况：对某个题目的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明白，但发现其他选项却有显而易见的谬误，这时，我们可以尝试用排除法。

需要注意的是，很多时候判断一道完形填空题的正确答案要从多角度考虑，把语境、语法、常识等有机结合起来。同时也可以从某个角度选出答案，再从其他角度对答案进行印证。总之，大家在掌握这些解题技巧之后，要注意灵活运用到解题过程中，以提高自己的解题能力。

三、学以致用

A

（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考二模）

Having to set an alarm every day to wake up early is an ____1____ feeling. No one likes waking up early in the morning. Then what are easy ways to have a best day ever? Well, the following steps may be ____2____ great help.

Get ready the night before!

The first way of becoming morning persons and making sure you have an amazing day is by getting ready the night before.____3____ you will not forget anything. For example, you must remember to put all your school things in the schoolbag.

Have a glass of water!

As soon as your head lifts off the pillow (枕头), take a glass of water and do some quick ____4____ . The blood starts flowing (流动) through your body and gives you a day’s enough ____5____ .

Listen to some music!

Listen to something that is going to get you up and make you ready for the day. A throwback playlist ( 复古歌曲播放列表) is always a good idea, which will give your body a chance to wake up and your brain ____6____ .

Eat breakfast!

There is ____7____ that the best way to feel and look good for the whole day is by eating a good breakfast. Milk, bread, porridge and vegetables may be a good choice for you. Your body needs food to keep it going and a hungry stomach makes you do things ____8____ .

Remember to smile!

No matter how tired you are or how long the day ____9____ , smiling and laughing will help you get through all the stress, ____10____ the suggestions right away if you want to have a best day ever.

根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

1．A．interesting B．awful C．encouraging

2．A．with B．for C．of

3．A．Make sure B．Be sure C．Work out

4．A．exercise B．sport C．dancing

5．A．weight B．energy C．courage

6．A．something active B．anything active C．something actively

7．A．no trouble B．no doubt C．no problem

8．A．bad B．more worse C．badly

9．A．feels like B．sounds like C．makes up

10．A．Following B．Follow C．Followed

B

（2022·四川遂宁·校考模拟预测）

Chinese are very generous(慷慨的) when it comes to educating their children. Not caring about the ___11___, parents often send their children to the best schools or even abroad—to England, the USA or Australia. The Chinese ___12___ that the more expensive the education is, ___13___ it is. ___14___ parents will spend a lot of money ___15___ their children’s education. Even ___16___ parents will buy a computer for their son or daughter. Though they’re not rich, they would rather pay for the education.

Parents can ___17___ that their children’s skills are different, skilled in some areas while poor in others. But most ___18___ fail to realize that the children today need more self﹣confidence.

The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to ___19___ tests and how to study well, but they are not teaching them the most important skills _____20_____ they need. And these skills are important to help them to be _____21_____, happy and clever.

Parents can achieve this _____22_____ teaching their children the skills like cooking or doing other housework.

Teaching a child to cook will _____23_____ many of the skills that he will need later in life. Cooking needs patience and time. It is an interesting _____24_____ difficult experience. A good cook _____25_____ tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and gradually finish _____26_____ job successfully. His result, a well-cooked dinner, will make him _____27_____ good and give him a lot of self-confidence.

Some old machines, such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child to play _____28_____, will make him interested and want to know more. He will spend hours studying them and trying to fix them. Your child might become an engineer when he _____29_____. These activities are teaching a child not only to study at school, but also _____30_____ to use his mind. And that is more important.

11．A．money B．education C．children

12．A．compare B．believe C．disagree

13．A．the better B．the best C．the good

14．A．Or B．So C．But

15．A．in B．on C．for

16．A．old B．rich C．poor

17．A．see B．hope C．allow

18．A．sons B．daughters C．parents

19．A．discuss B．pass C．give

20．A．what B．who C．that

21．A．educational B．different C．confident

22．A．before B．by C．of

23．A．improve B．choose C．miss

24．A．and B．but C．so

25．A．sometimes B．always C．never

26．A．my B．his C．her

27．A．sound B．look C．feel

28．A．with B．for C．against

29．A．wakes up B．grows up C．shows up

30．A．to think B．think C．thinking

C

（2022·四川泸州·统考模拟预测）

A long time ago, there was a huge apple tree. A little boy loved to come and lay around it every day. He ___31___ to the tree top, ate the apples, took a nap under the shadow. He loved the tree and the tree loved to play with him.

Time went ___32___, the little boy had grown up and he no longer played around the tree every day. One day, the boy came back to the tree and he looked ___33___. “Come and play with me,” the tree asked the boy. “I am no longer a kid. I don’t play around trees anymore.” The boy ___34___, “I want toys. I need money to buy them.” “Sorry, but I don’t have money, but you can pick all my apples and sell them. So, you will have money.” The boy was so ___35___. He grabbed all the apples on the tree and left happily. The boy ___36___ came back after he picked the apples. The tree was sad.

One day, the boy returned and the tree was so excited. “Come and play with me,” the tree said. “I don’t have ___37___ to play. I have to work for my family. We need a house for shelter. Can you help me?” “Sorry, but I don’t have a house. But you can chop off my branches to ___38___ your house.” So the boy cut all the branches off the tree and left happily. The tree was glad to see him happy but the boy never ___39___ for a long time.

Finally, the boy returned after he left for so many years. “Sorry, my boy, I really can’t give you anything. The only thing left is ____40____ dying roots,” the tree said with tears.

“I don’t need much now, just a place to ____41____. I am tired.” The boy replied. “Good! Old tree roots is the best place to lean on and rest. Come and sit down with me and rest.” The boy sat down and the tree was glad and smiled with tears.

This is a story of everyone. The tree is our ____42____. When we were young, we loved to play with Mom and Dad. When we grew up, we left them, and only came to them when we need something or when we are ____43____. No matter what happens, parents will always be there and give ____44____ they could to make you happy. You may think that the boy is cruel to the tree ____45____ that’s how all of us are treating our parents.

31．A．sat B．grew C．climbed D．left

32．A．on B．down C．by D．in

33．A．sad B．happy C．excited D．surprised

34．A．asked B．replied C．thought D．told

35．A．sorry B．lovely C．tired D．excited

36．A．always B．usually C．often D．never

37．A．money B．time C．people D．place

38．A．make B．build C．start D．run

39．A．showed up B．put up C．showed back D．showed around

40．A．his B．your C．my D．her

41．A．sleep B．sit C．play D．rest

42．A．parents B．friends C．brothers D．sisters

43．A．in danger B．in trouble C．in charge D．in case

44．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything

45．A．so B．or C．but D．if

D

（2022·陕西西安·校考模拟预测）

When I was a little boy, I felt unhappy. I was really different from other kids just because there was something wrong with my eyes.

I couldn’t see things around me ___46___. When my classmates played games happily outside, I ___47___ only stay at home and look out of the window alone. For a long time, I felt hopeless, ___48___ my mother always said that I was the precious (宝贵的) gift in her eyes.

1 asked the Spirit, “___49___ me a pair of eyes which can’t see the world?” Of course, there was no reply.

I turned to books ___50___ help. Books are my friends. When I was sad, they cheered me up; when I felt excited, they shared my ___51___. Thanks to them, I ___52___ to another world where I could learn a lot and enjoy myself.

I began to write down my thoughts and keep them as ___53___ secret. Nobody knew it. When I studied at a middle school, I had a nice teacher. He read all my poems and said “Well done!” He always ___54___ me in class and he kept helping me. Now I can do many things like others. I am full of energy (精力) and confidence (自信) every day. So please believe in ____55____ and try your best to be a better person. Remember that everyone is unique (独特的).

46．A．clear B．clearly C．careful D．carefully

47．A．can B．need C．could D．needed

48．A．although B．because C．unless D．if

49．A．Why you give B．Why do you give C．Why you have given D．Why have you given

50．A．for B．to C．with D．about

51．A．happy B．happiness C．unhappy D．unhappiness

52．A．took B．am taken C．was taken D．will take

53．A．a B．the C．/ D．an

54．A．praises B．praise C．has praised D．praised

55．A．yourself B．you C．your D．yours