【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题03 高频语法之动词的时态、语态与语法填空（原卷版+解析版）

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专题03 高频语法之动词的时态、语态与语法填空（解析版）

一、谓语动词
1. 思维导图




2. 高考真题再现
一、2022年高考真题
1.（2022新高考I卷）
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected,
答案：were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。

2.（2022新高考I卷）
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
答案：is designed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。

3（2022年浙江卷1月）
But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
答案：are；changing
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空：根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。第二空：分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。

二、2021年高考真题
1.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it      6      (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词then可知，表示当时的情况，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时；从句主语为it，是第三人称单数形式。故填was。

2.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and      10      (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。

3.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It      1      (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。

4.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
We      6      (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】hired
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可知， 应该为过去的时态，主语为we, 为主动语态，故填hired。

5.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois,      1      (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie. 
【答案】has proved 或 has proven
【解析】考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意：自从它开放后，林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。

6.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home      5      (paint) white.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。

7.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25      4      (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25   (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时，故答案为 is considered。

8.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
In cities, however, the gain      6      (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
【答案】was
【解析】考查系动词。句意：然而在城市里，女人增长数值是1.3，男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为was。
三、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。

2.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct) .＂
67.【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68．【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。

3．（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The artist was sure he would 63．(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。

4.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。

5．（2020·新课标III卷语法填空） 65（When/As） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66． (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。

6.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。

7.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）By about 6000 BC，people 61． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.

8.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）New methods 65． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。

9.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38． (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39（which/that） opened in 1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。

四、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years
【答案】have made
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。

2.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
【答案】recommended。
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。

3.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars
【答案】were invited。
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。

4.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。

5.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。

五、2018年高考真题
1.【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，要用第三人称单数。故填is。

2.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时，且主语为the country，所以应该应该用单数形式。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。

3.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。

4.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm.
【答案】mean
【解析】考查动词的时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。

3. 考试技巧
语法填空解题策略
1. 看到空格处修饰的是名词, 要想到用形容词。
2. 看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 要想到用副词。
3. 看到与than连用, 要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。
4. 看到and, or, but等并列连词前或后用的比较级, 要想到用比较级。
5. 看到语境中暗含比较含义, 要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。

4. 知识点拓展
1：考点梳理
1. 常见的十种动词时态，尤其是对一般过去时和现在完成时的考查；
2. 被动语态。
考点1　基本用法
1. 常见的十种动词时态有：一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、过去将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时。
2. 动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。
People speak English all over the world. (主动语态)
English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态)

现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般
ask/asks
asked
shall/will ask
should/would ask
进行
am/is/are asking
was/were asking
shall/will be asking
should/would be asking
完成
have/has asked
had asked
shall/will have asked
should/would have asked
完成
进行
have/has been asking
had been asking
shall/will have been asking
should/would have been asking

考点2　常考时态的用法
1. 一般现在时
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
Tom often goes to school by bike.
(2)表示自然现象、客观事实或普遍真理。
Spring follows winter.
(3)表示现有的性质、能力或状态。
The flowers look beautiful.
(4)表示按计划安排好了将要发生的动作，这种情况仅限于少数有“开始”或“移动”意义的词，例如come, go, leave, start, arrive, begin, meet, fall, close, open, end, stop, return, take off等。
The party begins at 7 o’clock.
(5)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。
I’ll write you a letter as soon as I get there.
If I have enough time, I’ll travel around the world.
Wherever you go, you will see the same thing.
2. 现在进行时
(1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
Are you working hard this term?
The car is being repaired.
(2)come, go, leave, do, send, take off, sail, arrive, return等表示方位移动的短暂性动词常用进行时表将来。
We are going hiking this Sunday.
(3)与always, often, all the time, constantly, continuously, forever等连用表示频繁反复发生的动作或状态，常含有批评、抱怨、不满或赞扬等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行。
He is always getting angry with me.
3. 现在完成时
(1)表示过去的动作现已结束，但对现在产生影响，常带有already, just, ever, never等副词。
He has already obtained a scholarship.
(2)表示动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在。此时，通常用延续性动词，并常与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如for ten minutes, since 1980, in recent years, so far。
The film has been on for half an hour.
(3)表示到目前为止的一段时间内，第……次做某事。
It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film.
4. 现在完成进行时
(1)发生在过去的动作或状态，持续到现在或将继续下去，可以译成“一直”。现在完成时侧重持续或影响到现在，不强调将来的延续。
I have been cleaning the house all the afternoon.
(2)到目前为止，多次重复发生的动作或状态。
I have been telephoning him several times this morning.
5. 一般将来时
(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
The football game will begin soon.
(2)表示事物固有的属性或必然趋势。
Fish will die without water.
(3)表示临时的决定。
— We don’t have any milk in our fridge.
— I’ll go and buy some.
(4)其他表示将来的结构
① be going to do表示主观打算或有迹象将要发生某事。
I’m going to have my hair cut after work.
Look at the clouds in the sky. It is going to rain.
② be＋to do表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，还可表示命令或注定要发生的事。
There is to be an English exam next Monday.
Father warned his son，“You are to be back by ten.”
The worst is still to come.
③ be about to do表示正要去做某事，但不与表将来的时间状语连用。
I am about to go shopping.
注意：if条件句中一般不用将来时，如果使用will，其意义为“愿意”。
If you will give her another chance, she will surprise you.
6. 过去将来时
表示对过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
He said he would come to our school.
7. 一般过去时
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
I bought a new bike last week.
(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
He often watched TV at night.
8. 过去进行时
(1)表示过去某段时间里或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
I was playing computer games when my parents came home.
He slipped out of the classroom when the teacher was not noticing him.
(2)表示过去频繁发生的动作或习惯，常与always等副词连用。
Mrs. Black was always having dinner with her old parents.
9. 过去完成时
(1)表示过去某时间或某动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。
I had read the report by last weekend.
When I came back, he had eaten all the sweets.
(2)在hardly/scarcely... when, no sooner... than, It was the first/second... time (that)... 等句型中。
We had hardly/scarcely left the house when it began to rain.
No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain.
It was the third time he had been out of work that year.
(3)表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词用过去完成时，表示未曾实现的愿望，意为“本打算……，本希望……”。这类动词有mean, intend, expect, hope, want, plan, think, suppose等。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.

考点3　几组时态的区别
一般过去时
一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去的动作,凡有明确的过去时间的均用过去时,一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”,和现在毫无关系
Were you at school yesterday?昨天你在学校吗?(问的是昨天的事情。但对今天没什么影响。)
现在完成时
现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续
I have just finished my homework.我刚刚写完作业。(看上去好像是过去才发生的事情,但是对我现在有了影响。因为写完了作业,就可以做自己想做的事情。)
过去完成时
过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间更早发生的动作,发生在“过去的过去”,即过去完成时至少涉及两个过去的动作
When he came in,I had had my supper.他进来时,我就已经吃完晚餐了。(吃在进来之前,所以用过去完成时。)

考点4　固定结构中的时态
hardly...when...,no sooner...than...“一……就……”
主句时态用过去完成时,从句时态用一般过去时
Hardly had I opened the door when Tom came in.
This/That/It is/was the first/second...time+that从句“是……次做某事”
若主句中为is,则从句时态用现在完成时;若为was,则从句时态用过去完成时
This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
It+be...before...
“要过……才”或“在……以后才”
若be动词用一般过去时,则before 从句中常用一般过去时;若be动词用将来时,则before 从句中常用一般现在时
I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long,but it’ll still be some time before Brian gets back.
was/were doing...when“正在做某事,这时(突然)”
在when引导的从句中,谓语动词用过去式
I was about to leave when he came in.
I had just locked the door when I realised I had left my key on the kitchen table.
was/were about to do...when...“正要做某事,这时(突然)”
had done...when“刚做完某事,这时(突然)”
It is/has been+时间段+since
since从句用过去时。该句型表某个动作持续多久。但若since后跟延续性动词,要翻译成否定含义,即“没做某事已经多久了”
It has been three years since he worked here.
他不在这工作已经三年了。
It has been three years since he smoked.
他已经戒烟三年了。
It has been three years since he began to smoke.
他吸烟有三年了。

考点5 八种时态的标志词
一般现在时
often,usually,always,sometimes,never,seldom,every week/day/year/month...,once a week,on Sundays
一般过去时
ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week/year/night/month...,in 1989,just now,at the age of five,one day,ago,long ago,once upon a time,then(那时),on that day,the other day(几天以前)
现在
进行时
now,these days,at this moment/time
过去
进行时
at this time yesterday,at that time或“when+一般过去时从句”,at 1:00 last night
现在
完成时
recently,recent years,these days/years,lately,since,for+时段(但还在延续),in the past few years,ever since,in the last/past five months,up to now,since then,so far,ever,never,yet,lately,once,twice,three/four times...,already,before,just
过去
完成时
before,by the end of last year/term/month
一般
将来时
tomorrow,next day/week/month/year...,soon,in a few minutes,by...,the day after tomorrow,in the future
过去
将来时
the next day/morning/year...,the following month/week...

考点6 主动语态表示被动意义
系动词+形容词
look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear
The soup smells good but tastes terrible.
不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态
cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep
This kind of material washes easily.
The pen writes smoothly.
Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.
表开始、结束、运动的动词
begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,run
The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.
有些表示“需要”的动词后加动词的-ing形式
need,require,want,be worth
Your hair wants cutting.
The floor requires washing.
The book is worth reading.
不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系
hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible
The question is difficult to answer.
The box is heavy to carry.
The project is impossible to complete in a year.


二、 模拟演练
1. （2022·山西省长治市第二中学校模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Our cat is dead. My daughter, ____21____ is just two years old, knows this. But she keeps asking where it’s gone and what has happened to it.
My parents ____22____(be) straightforward m admitting they didn’t know what happened after our death when I asked them in my childhood. But I want to give my daughter a slightly ____23____(good) answer to her question about the topic than ____24____(they).
One day when she asked the same question, I told my daughter that the cat was out in the field, I told her that when animals, including people, died, they were usually put into the ground and that their bodies became ____25____(variety) pretty flowers, grasses and trees. I passed my hand over her blonde hair, gently touched her rosy cheeks and checked her ____26____(react). She didn’t appear ____27____(trouble). Instead, she seemed excited by the thought of one day becoming a flower.
Then, I reached ____28____ my daughter’s hand and asked her ____29____(take) a walk in the field. Together, we saw new leaves growing in the sun and pretty flowers waving in the gentle wind. Suddenly, I realized that although we were bound to become plant fertilizer, we were not the lonely humans aimlessly wandering in the world. We were a part of the earth. We were connected by the beautiful plants in _____30_____ field.
答案：
21． who    
22．were    
23．better   
 24．theirs   
25．various    
26．reaction    
27．troubled   
 28．for    
29．to take    
30．the
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者如何向两岁的女儿解答“猫死后到哪里去了”的问题及感悟。
21．考查定语从句。句意：我只有两岁的女儿知道这一点。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词My daughter，在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词who。故填who。
22．考查动词的时态。句意：我的父母很坦率，当我小时候问他们我们死后发生了什么时，他们承认他们不知道。根据空后的时间状语可知，该句叙述的是作者小时候发生的事，且主语为复数。故填were。
23．考查形容词的比较级。句意：但是我想给我女儿一个比他们更好的答案来回答她的问题。根据句中的than可知，此处应用good的比较级better。故填better。
24．考查代词。句意：但是我想给我女儿一个比他们更好的答案来回答她的问题。作宾语，指代my parents’ answer，应用名词性物主代词theirs。故填theirs。
25．考查形容词。句意：有一天，当她问我同样的问题时，我告诉我的女儿，那只猫在田野里，我告诉她，当动物，包括人，死了，它们通常被埋在地里，它们的身体变成了各种漂亮的花、草和树。作flowers的定语，应用形容词various。故填various。
26．考查名词。句意：我用手抚摸着她的金发，轻轻地抚摸着她红润的脸颊，观察着她的反应。作checked的宾语，故用所给动词的名词形式reaction。故填reaction。
27．考查形容词。句意：她没有表现出不安。作表语，表示“不安的”应用形容词troubled。故填troubled。
28．考查介词。句意：然后，我拉着女儿的手，请她到田野里散散步。reach for意为“伸手拉起”，为固定短语。故填for。
29．考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，我拉着女儿的手，请她到田野里散散步。ask sb. to do sth.意为“请某人做什么事”，为固定搭配。故填to take。
30．考查冠词。句意：我们被田野里美丽的植物联系在一起。此处的field特指前面提到的田野，故与定冠词the连用。故填the。

2. （2022·江西景德镇·模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A unique exhibition of paintings opened at the Shanghai Mental Health Center on Thursday — all the 49 paintings are created by three hospitalized artists with schizophrenia.
With the theme of “loud hailer”, the exhibition offers people with the mental disorder a chance to express themselves artistically and allows their voice ____31____(hear) by the public, officials from the center said. This can arouse ____32____(aware) and promote better understanding and support for people with mental diseases, they added.
“Loud hailer means two-way communication. These paintings are created by patients ____33____ have been hospitalized for a long time. They live in a ____34____(relative) closed environment. So we want to use this exhibition to achieve communication ____35____ these hospitalized artists and the audience,” said Chen Mengyuan, the curator.
Dr Xie Bin from the Shanghai Mental Health Center said the exhibition also aims to remove the stigma(污名) ____36____(attach) to people with schizophrenia.
“We hope more people with mental disease will become ____37____(scholar), artists and even great scientists like John Nash through medical treatment and a good ____38____(society) environment.”
Nash was an American mathematician who ____39____(award) the 1994 Nobel Prize for Economics and whose life as _____40_____ schizophrenia patient was described in the movie A Beautiful Mind, based on his book of the same name.
答案：
31． to be heard   
32．awareness    
33．who##that    
34．relatively    
35．between    
36．attached    
37．scholars    
38．social    
39．was awarded    
40．a
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一场独特的画展在上海精神卫生中心开幕——所有49幅画都是由三名住院的精神分裂症艺术家创作的。此次展览以“话筒”为主题，为精神障碍患者提供了一个艺术表达自己的机会，让公众听到他们的声音。
31．考查非谓语动词。句意：据该中心的工作人员介绍，此次展览以“话筒”为主题，为精神障碍患者提供了一个艺术表达自己的机会，让公众听到他们的声音。此处为短语allow…to do sth.，且hear与voice构成被动关系，故填to be heard。
32．考查名词。句意：他们补充说，这可以唤起人们的意识，促进对精神疾病患者的更好理解和支持。作宾语，表示“意识”应用名词awareness，不可数。故填awareness。
33．考查定语从句。句意：这些画是由长期住院的病人创作的。此处为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词patients，在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
34．考查副词。句意：他们生活在一个相对封闭的环境中。修饰形容词closed，应用副词relatively，作状语。故填relatively。
35．考查介词。句意：所以我们想通过这次展览来实现这些住院艺术家和观众之间的交流。结合句意表示“……之间”短语为between…and…。故填between。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：上海精神卫生中心的谢斌医生说，这次展览还旨在消除人们对精神分裂症患者的耻辱感。分析句子结构可知，attach在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语stigma构成被动关系，故用过去分词，作定语。故填attached。
37．考查名词复数。句意：我们希望通过医疗和良好的社会环境，更多的精神疾病患者能成为学者、艺术家，甚至像约翰·纳什那样的伟大科学家。scholar为可数名词，根据后文artists and even great scientists可知，用复数形式。故填scholars。
38．考查形容词。句意：我们希望通过医疗和良好的社会环境，更多的精神疾病患者能成为学者、艺术家，甚至像约翰·纳什那样的伟大科学家。修饰后文名词environment，应用形容词social，作定语。故填social。
39．考查动词语态。句意：纳什是1994年获得诺贝尔经济学奖的美国数学家，他的精神分裂症生活被改编成电影《美丽心灵》。定语从句修饰先行词mathematician，与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文the 1994 Nobel Prize for Economics可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was awarded。
40．考查冠词。句意：纳什是1994年获得诺贝尔经济学奖的美国数学家，他的精神分裂症生活被改编成电影《美丽心灵》。patient为可数名词，此处表泛指，且schizophrenia是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。

3. （2022·重庆南开中学模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
The 9, 000-plus volunteers at the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games have played ___41___vital role in ensuring that all aspects of life for the sportsmen, both on and off the field of play, have gone ___42___(smooth).
To meet the diverse needs of the para ___43___(athlete) and all participants, the volunteers ___44___(go) through a strict training program, which included training for basic medical and first-aid, how to use wheelchairs, and the ___45___(guide) on when to provide assistance and ___46___to communicate best.
Liu An’ an is one of the volunteers to have also served at the Beijing 2008 Summer Games. Back then, Liu was a sophomore student at university. Now, 14 years later, she is still at university but this time she acts ___47___a lecturer, leading a team of her own students as volunteers at Beijing 2022.
Liu has spent over 150 days training and ___48___(participate) in these Games. She is ___49___(responsibility) for the traffic permits of all sorts of transportation vehicles, and needs to coordinate with over 100 different departments, including venues media, transportation and security.
“Becoming a volunteer ____50____has served both at the Beijing 2008 Summer Games and the Beijing 2022 Winter Games is a great honor for me, and I feel a strong sense of pride and responsibility,” said Liu.
答案：
41． a    
42．smoothly    
43．athletes    
44．went    
45．guidance    
46．how    
47．as   
 48．participating    
49．responsible    
50．who
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京2022年残奥会冬奥会的9000多名志愿者发挥了至关重要的作用。
41．考查冠词。句意：北京2022年残奥会冬奥会的9000多名志愿者在确保运动员生活的方方面面，包括赛场内外的顺利进行方面发挥了至关重要的作用。play a vital role in在……扮演一个重要角色，固定搭配，用不定冠词a。故填a。
42．考查副词。句意：北京2022年残奥会冬奥会的9000多名志愿者在确保运动员生活的方方面面，包括赛场内外的顺利进行方面发挥了至关重要的作用。此处修饰前面动词go，用副词形式作状语，smoothly顺利地。故填smoothly。
43．考查名词。句意：为了满足残疾人运动员和所有参与者的不同需求，志愿者们接受了严格的培训计划，其中包括基本医疗和急救培训，如何使用轮椅，以及何时提供帮助和如何进行最佳沟通的指导。根据 and all participants和the diverse needs，可知名词athlete需要用复数形式，athletes运动员，作介词of的宾语。故填athletes。
44．考查动词时态。句意：为了满足残疾人运动员和所有参与者的不同需求，志愿者们接受了严格的培训计划，其中包括基本医疗和急救培训，如何使用轮椅，以及何时提供帮助和如何进行最佳沟通的指导。分析句子结构，此处作谓语动词，结合上下文语境，此处动词go用一般过去时。故填went。
45．考查名词。句意：为了满足残疾人运动员和所有参与者的不同需求，志愿者们接受了严格的培训计划，其中包括基本医疗和急救培训，如何使用轮椅，以及何时提供帮助和如何进行最佳沟通的指导。分析句子结构，此处与training，how to use wheelchairs构成并列关系，用名词形式，guidance指导。故填guidance。
46．考查特殊疑问词。句意：为了满足残疾人运动员和所有参与者的不同需求，志愿者们接受了严格的培训计划，其中包括基本医疗和急救培训，如何使用轮椅，以及何时提供帮助和如何进行最佳沟通的指导。根据前面连词and，结合when to provide assistance 和句意，可知此处表示“如何进行最佳沟通”，用“特殊疑问词加to do”结构，how to communicate best符合题意。故填how。
47．考查固定搭配。句意：14年后的今天，她仍在上大学，但这次她担任讲师，在北京2022年奥运会上作为志愿者领导自己的学生团队。根据句意，可知此处表达“担任”，serve as担任，符合题意。故填as。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意：刘翔花了150多天的时间进行训练，并参加了这些比赛。spend...（in）doing sth.花时间在做某事上，用省in的动名词形式。故填participating。
49．考查形容词。句意：她负责各种交通工具的交通许可，并需要与100多个不同部门协调，包括场馆媒体、交通和安全部门。be responsible for对……负责，固定搭配，形容词作表语。故填responsible。
50．考查定语从句。句意：“成为一名曾在北京2008年夏季奥运会和北京2022年冬季奥运会上服务过的志愿者，对我来说是一种莫大的荣誉，我感到非常自豪和责任感，”刘说。分析句子结构，此句为定语从句。先行词a volunteer在从句作主语，指人用关系代词who引导。故填who。

4. （2022·福建省龙岩第一中学一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Researchers have discovered that people eat more vegetables if the veggies have fancy labels. A research team from Stanford University found that sales of vegetables increased after they were given other names -- even though ____51____was no difference in the way the vegetables ____52____(prepare). The researchers conducted their research on 600 diners for several ____53____(month) at the university canteen. They labelled all vegetable dishes in four ____54____(differ) ways each day: basic, healthy restrictive, healthy positive and indulgent放纵/任性的. The basic label just listed the vegetable name like corn. The healthy restrictive category used words such ____55____reduced-sodium (钠) corn. Vitamin-rich corn was used for the healthy positive. And a ____56____(describe) like rich buttery roasted sweet corn was reserved for the indulgent.
Researchers gave diners a wide choice of vegetables to see how effective the ____57____(delicious) descriptive labels were. They found that making the labels indulgent increased the number of people who chose ____58____(put) the vegetables on their plate, as well as the amount of vegetables ____59____(consume). Diners chose the indulgent labeling 25 percent more than the basic labeling, 35 percent more than the healthy positive labeling and 41 percent more than the healthy restrictive option. A researcher said: “Labels really can influence our sensory experience, affecting _____60_____tasty we think food will be.”
答案：
51． there    
52．were prepared    
53．months    
54．different    
55．as    
56．description    
57．deliciously    
58．to put   
 59．consumed    
60．how
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，如果蔬菜标签花哨，人们会吃更多的蔬菜。标签真的可以影响我们的感官体验，影响我们对食物味道的看法。
51．考查there be句型。句意：斯坦福大学的一个研究小组发现，即使蔬菜的制作方式没有什么不同，但在取了其他名字后，蔬菜的销量还是增加了。分析句子可知，even though引导的是让步状语从句，从句为there be句型，表示“有”。故填there。
52．考查谓语动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：斯坦福大学的一个研究小组发现，即使蔬菜的制作方式没有什么不同，但在取了其他名字后，蔬菜的销量还是增加了。分析句子可知，the way后接的是省略了关系词的限制性定语从句，关系词代替in the way在从句中充当方式状语，所以空处需要填动词谓语形式，又根据上文conducted可知，空处应用一般过去时，且与主语the vegetables为被动关系，与其保持复数一致，所以应填were prepared。故填were prepared。
53．考查可数名词复数。句意：研究人员在大学食堂对600名就餐者进行了为期数月的研究。分析句子可知，空处由形容词several修饰，表示“许多的”，所以应填名词复数形式months。故填months。
54．考查形容词。句意：他们每天用四种不同的方式给所有蔬菜贴标签:基本的、健康限制性的、健康积极的和放纵的。分析句子可知，空处修饰名词ways应用形容词形式different作定语。故填different。
55．考查介词。句意：健康限制性类别使用了诸如低钠玉米这样的词汇。根据下文reduced-sodium corn可知，这里是在举例，所以空处应填介词as，such as为固定搭配，表示“比如”。故填as。
56．考查名词。句意：而像油腻的黄油烤甜玉米这样的描述只留给放纵的人。分析句子可知，空处由不定冠词修饰，在句中作主语，所以应用名词形式description。故填description。
57．考查副词。句意：研究人员给了用餐者大量的蔬菜选择，看看这些描述美味的标签有多有效。分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词descriptive应用副词，所以填deliciously。故填deliciously。
58．考查不定式。句意：他们发现，使标签放纵增加了选择把蔬菜放在盘子里的人数，以及蔬菜的消费量。分析句子可知，choose to do为固定搭配，表示“选择做”，所以空处应填不定式to put作宾语。故填to put。
59．考查过去分词。句意：他们发现，使标签放纵增加了选择把蔬菜放在盘子里的人数，以及蔬菜的消费量。分析句子可知，空处应填过去分词consumed作后置定语修饰vegetables，表示被动关系。故填consumed。
60．考查宾语从句。句意：一位研究人员说:“标签真的可以影响我们的感官体验，影响我们对食物味道的看法。”分析句子可知，空处应填连接副词how，在宾语从句中作方式状语，修饰tasty，此处表示影响我们如何（how）看待食物。故填how。

5.（2022·上海·曹杨二中高二期中）
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank
The Vaccine Hunter
Marty Verel a 59-year-old kidney transplant recipient in Ohio, should have been near the top of the list to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Yet ____81____ millions of others, he wasn’t having any luck scheduling an appointment. Marty and his wife, Nancy Verel, would sit with computers on their laps trying for hours ____82____(book) an appointment on different sites, all of____83____ were slow and convoluted (复杂的). “I feel hopeless,” Nancy says.
Then Nancy heard about Marla Zwinggi, a 40-year-old mom of three from a Cleveland suburb ____84____ was spending up to ten hours a day online trying to secure appointments for vulnerable individuals. So Nancy messaged Zwinggi on Facebook: Can you help? Twenty-five minutes later, Zwinggi responded by asking for Marty’s legal name, date of birth, and other information. Nine minutes after that Zwinggi reported back — Marty had an appointment to get the vaccine.
Zwinggi’s vaccine hunting started on February 1 when she learned that her parents were unable to get appointments ____85____. She hated that they had to wait. ____86____(click) around on vaccine registration sites, Zwinggi, who has helped her husband develop websites, discovered just ____87____ difficult it was to book an appointment. “It was like trying to get a World Series ticket, ” she says.
She applied strategies that web insiders are familiar with (keeping multiple browsers open refreshing sites every 20 seconds, erasing cookies) and added a few of her special skills. “I’m tenacious (坚决的). I drink a lot of coffee, and I’m a fast typer,”she says. Soon enough, Zwinggi had secured appointments for both of her parents. “I felt like a rock star,” she says.
Zwinggi decided that helping others would be her way of giving back. “I feel obliged to will us out of this pandemic.” she says. On February 10. she logged on to Facebook to let people know that she ____88____(assist) with bookings. By March 2, she ____89____ (secure) appointments for 400 people —____90____ loving act that made Nancy conclude, “Marla is some sort of COVID angel. ”
答案：
81．like
82．to book
83．which
84．who##that
85．themselves
86．Clicking
87．how
88．was assisting
89．had secured
90．a
【分析】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章报道了疫情期间，为了回馈社会，Marla Zwinggi作为网络业内人士，凭借对网络策略的熟悉和自己特殊的网络技能，已帮助400人在网上成功预约接种疫苗。
81．考查介词。句意：然而，和其他数百万人一样，他没有能安排预约的运气。设空处应填介词like，意为“像”，根据后半句he wasn’t having any luck scheduling an appointment可知，预约疫苗这事很困难，因为需要疫苗的人太多了，很多人都没有那份运气可以得到疫苗，Marty Verel就和其他数百万人一样。故填like。
82．考查非谓语动词。句意：马蒂和他的妻子南希·韦雷尔会把电脑放在腿上，花上几个小时在不同的网站上预约，所有这些网站又慢又复杂。马蒂夫妇上网的目的是预约疫苗,此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to book。
83．考查定语从句。句意：马蒂和他的妻子南希·韦雷尔会把电脑放在腿上，花上几个小时在不同的网站上预约，所有这些网站又慢又复杂。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为different sites，为物，作从句主语，且位于介词of之后，应用which引导。故填which。
84．考查定语从句。句意：后来，南希听说了来自克利夫兰郊区、有三个孩子的40岁母亲马拉·茨温基，她每天花多达10个小时在网上为弱势群体争取预约。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为mom，为人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
85．考查反身代词。句意：茨温基从2月1日开始寻找疫苗，当时她得知父母自己无法预约（疫苗）。此处表示“他们自己”，应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。　　　　　　.
86．考查非谓语动词。句意：点击疫苗注册网站，茨温基，还曾帮助丈夫开发过网站的她，发现预约是多么困难。设空处为非谓语动词，click与逻辑主语Zwinggi之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。句首的单词，首字母要大写。故填Clicking。
87．考查感叹词。句意：点击疫苗注册网站，茨温基，还曾帮助丈夫开发过网站的她，发现预约是多么困难。discovered后接宾语从句，空后为形容词，此处的宾语从句是感叹句，应用how引导。故填how。
88．考查时态。句意：2月10日，她登录Facebook让人们知道她正在协助预约疫苗。根据句意，当茨温基在2月1日帮助父母在网上疫苗预约成功后，他就开始网上助人预约疫苗，以回馈社会，所以在登陆Facebook时，这个善举正在进行中，在过去某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作，谓语动词应用过去进行时，主语为she，助动词用was。故填was assisting。
89．考查时态。句意：到3月2日，她已经为400人安排了预约——这一充满爱心的举动让南希得出结论：“玛拉是COVID的某种天使。”根据时间状语By March 2可知，句子应用过去完成时态。故填had secured。
90．考查冠词。句意：到3月2日，她已经为400人安排了预约——这一充满爱心的举动让南希得出结论：“玛拉是COVID的某种天使。”茨温基在疫情期间在网络上帮助400人成功预约接种疫苗，是一个善举，名词act为可数名词单数，loving为辅音音素开头，此处用不定冠词a。故填a。

6.（2022·江苏省如皋中学高三阶段练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The charity organization in Ningbo, East China’s Zhejiang province, received an envelope____91____Monday with a stack of money orders worth over 1 million yuan ($156,600). It is the 23rd year in a row the____92____(mystery) donor has sent money orders to the federation. After over two decades, the identity of a person has remained ____93____(know).
According to Chen Yunjin, director of the federation, the donor ____94____(send) a sum of money to the federation first in 1999 with a note attached____95____ (read), shun qi zi ran, which means “let things take their own course.” Since then, the anonymous donor____96____(refer) “Shun qi zi ran” by federation staff.
Each money order is worth no more than 10,000 yuan — ____97____ otherwise has to be signed with the donor’s real name according to bank rules. So far, the donor has donated a total of 13.63 million yuan to the federation, ____98____has all been used to help students in need or for educational purposes, Chen said.
In recent years, there has been a growing ____99____(recognize) of the donation and more and more people in Ningbo have followed the steps of “Shun qi zi ran”, and____100____have altogether given more than 50 million yuan to the federation.
答案：
91．on
92．mysterious
93．unknown
94．sent
95．reading
96．has been referred##was referred
97．because##since##for
98．which
99．recognition
100．they
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述宁波慈善总会收到一百多万的捐赠，落款为“顺其自然”，这是这个神秘捐赠人自1999年开始连续23年捐款，总数达1363万。
91．考查介词。句意：这家位于中国东部浙江省宁波市的慈善机构周一收到了一个信封，里面装着价值超过100万元（15.66万美元）的汇款单。“在星期几”指在具体的某一天，应用介词on。故填on。
92．考查形容词。句意：这是这位神秘捐赠者连续第23年向联合会汇款。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词donor，mysterious神秘的。故填mysterious。
93．考查形容词。句意：20多年过去了，一个人的身份仍然未知。remain是系动词，后接形容词作表语，结合上文提到的“神秘捐赠者”可知，此处指“未知的”，unknown符合题意。故填unknown。
94．考查一般过去时。句意：据中国妇联主任陈云金介绍，1999年，这名捐赠者首先给妇联寄了一笔钱，并附上一张纸条，上面写着“顺其自然”，意思是“让事情顺其自然”。根据时间状语in 1999可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填sent。
95．考查现在分词。句意：据中国妇联主任陈云金介绍，1999年，这名捐赠者首先给妇联寄了一笔钱，并附上一张纸条，上面写着“顺其自然”，意思是“让事情顺其自然”。动词read和note之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填reading。
96．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：此后，这名匿名捐赠者被联合会工作人员称为“顺其自然”。根据时间状语“Since then”可知，句子可用现在完成时，也可用一般过去时，表示发生在过去的事情，主语donor和动词refer之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态或一般过去时的被动语态，主语是名词单数，故填has been referred /was referred。
97．考查原因状语从句。句意：每张汇款单的价值不超过1万元——因为根据银行规定，否则汇款单必须用捐赠者的真实姓名签字。结合句意可知，此处是解释每张汇款单不超过1万元的原因，用because、since或for引导原因状语从句。故填because/since/for。
98．考查定语从句。句意：陈说，到目前为止，捐赠者已经向联合会捐赠了1363万元，这些钱都用于帮助有需要的学生或教育目的。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是13.63 million yuan，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故填which。
99．考查名词。句意：近年来，善款的认知度越来越高，宁波也有越来越多的人跟随“顺其自然”的脚步，共捐赠善款5000多万元。分析句子可知，此处应填名词作there be句型的主语，recognition承认，识别，认可，不可数名词。故填recognition。
100．考查代词。句意：近年来，善款的认知度越来越高，宁波也有越来越多的人跟随“顺其自然”的脚步，共捐赠善款5000多万元。此处指代上文的“more people”，应用第三人称复数they。故填they。

7.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One night, 41. winter, a bear came into the city in Vancouver Canada. It walked through the city streets past houses, shops and offices. Then it 42. (find) some food in bins outside a restaurant and started eating. In the morning, someone saw the bear and called the police. The police came with a vet (兽医) from the city zoo. They put the bear in a lorry and took it to the mountains outside the city. 43. (lucky), the bear was safe. But 44. happens in other countries when big animals come into cities? In Vancouver it is unusual 45. (see) a bear, but in some cities you can see big animals on the city streets every day.
Big animals usually come into cities to find food. In Cape Town in South Africa baboons (狒狒) come into the city when they are 46. (hunger). Human food is very bad for the baboons 47. (tooth) because it has a lot of sugar. Now, there are Baboon Monitors working in Cape Town. 48. (they) job is to find baboons in the city and return them to the countryside.
In Berlin in Germany, pigs sometimes come into the city for food. They eat flowers and plants in parks and gardens. Sometimes they eat vegetables from gardens 49. they walk in the street, causing accidents. Some people like the pigs and they give them food and water to drink. Other people do not like the pigs and they want the government and the police to stop them 50. (enter) the city.
【答案】
41. in
42. found
43. Luckily
44. what
45. to see
46. hungry
47. teeth
48. Their
49. and
50. entering
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。说明了世界各个城市动物进入城市中寻找食物的现象。
41. 考查介词。句意：冬天的一个晚上，一只熊来到了加拿大温哥华。短语in winter“在冬天”，故填in。
42. 考查动词时态。句意：然后它在一家餐馆外面的垃圾箱里发现了一些食物，开始吃起来。根据下文并列谓语started可知应用一般过去时，故填found。
43. 考查副词。句意：幸运的是，熊是安全的。修饰整个句子应用副词，故填Luckily。
44. 考查疑问代词。句意：但是在其他国家，当大型动物进入城市时会发生什么呢?短语what happen“发生什么事”，故填what。
45. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在温哥华，熊是不常见的，但在一些城市，你每天可以看到大动物在城市街道上。固定句式it is unusual to do sth.“做某事是不寻常的”。故填to see。
46. 考查形容词。句意：在南非的开普敦，狒狒在饥饿的时候来到城市。根据上文are可知应填形容词作表语，故填hungry。
47. 考查名词的数。句意：人类的食物对狒狒的牙齿非常有害，因为它含有大量的糖。tooth为可数名词，前面没有冠词故应用复数形式。故填teeth。
48. 考查物主代词。句意：他们的工作是在城市里找到狒狒，然后把它们送回农村。job为名词需要形容词性物主代词修饰，故填Their。
49. 考查连词。句意：有时他们吃蔬菜从花园和他们走在街上，造成事故。根据句意上下文为承接关系，故填and。
50. 考查非谓语动词。句意：其他人不喜欢猪，他们希望政府和警察阻止他们进入城市。短语stop sb doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，故填entering。

8.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The first blockbuster (大片) of China set in space, “The Wandering Earth,” opens Tuesday during grand expectations 51. it will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese filmmaking.
“The Wandering Earth,” 52. (show) in 3-D, takes place in a distant future in which the sun is about to expand into a red giant and devour (吞噬) the Earth. It 53. (adapt) from works by Liu Cixin, the writer 54. has led a renaissance in science fiction here, 55. (become) the first Chinese winner of the Hugo Award in 2015. His novels are splendid and 56. (deep) researched. That makes 57. (they) reasonable fantasies about humanity’s meeting with a dangerous universe. The openings also come as China reached a milestone in space: the landing of a probe on 58. far side of the moon in January. Although decades behind Russia and the United States, China has now put astronauts 59. orbit and has ambitious plans to join—or even lead—a new age of space exploration.
“I think there is a very close 60. (connect) between Chinese cinema and the nation’s fortunes,” said Sha Dan, a curator at the China Film Archive.
【答案】
51. that
52. shown
53. is adapted
54. who/that
55. becoming
56. deeply
57. them
58. the
59. in/into
60. connection
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。报道了“流浪地球”这部大片的开幕式、故事背景以及这部影片的意义。
51. 考查同位语从句。句意：肩负着人们的厚望，中国第一部以太空为背景的大片《流浪地球》于周二上映。这部电影被认为将代表中国电影制作新时代的曙光。这是一个同位语从句，expectations的内容就是it will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese filmmaking，并且从句部分是一个陈述句，故填that。
52. 考查过去分词作定语。句意：“流浪地球”是以3D形式播放的，故事发生在遥远的将来。“The Wandering Earth”与show之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作定语。故填shown。
53. 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：电影改编于刘慈欣的作品，这位作家在中国引领了一场科幻小说复兴，在2015年成为了赢得雨果奖的第一名中国作家。全文使用的是一般现在时，所以这句话也使用一般现在时，主语it指代的是“The Wandering Earth”，是第三人称单数，且是物作主语，所以语态使用被动语态。故填is adapted。
54. 考查定语从句。句意同上。这是一个定语从句，先行词为the writer，指人，从句缺主语，故填who/that。
55. 考查现在分词作状语。句意同上。这里的分词作the writer的状语，the writer与become之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。故填becoming。
56. 考查副词。句意：刘慈欣的小说叙事宏大，背景研究细致入微。空格处单词修饰动词researched，应用副词形式，故填deeply。
57. 考查代词。句意：这使得这些小说是关于人类和危险的宇宙之间的合情合理的科幻小说。这里的they指代his novels，并且在句中作make的宾语，所以用代词的宾格形式，故填them。
58. 考查定冠词。句意：宇宙探测器一月份落在月球背面。空格位于介词后，名词前，所以填冠词。月球是独一无二的，所以这里特指月球的背面。所以填定冠词。故填the。
59. 考查介词。句意：虽然落后于俄罗斯和美国几十年，但如今中国已经将宇航员送入太空轨道。太空轨道是一个很大的范围，所以进入太空轨道用介词in或者into。故填in/into。
60. 考查名词的单数形式。句意：中国电影资料馆策展人沙丹说：“我认为中国电影和中国国运之间有着紧密联系。”空格位于定冠词和形容词后，介词前，所以用名词形式，又有不定冠词a修饰，所以用可数名词的单数形式。故填connection。

9.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Be cautious of Friday the 13th！Many people think the day is unlucky.61. （fortune）, there's only one Friday the 13th this year. As the legend goes，you should try not 62. （break）any mirrors，walk under a ladder，or even spill any salt. Why？Researchers say63. is tough to find out how the tradition came into being. Many believe it has 64. （religion）origins. In the Christian faith，there were 13 guests at table for the Last Supper，which was held the day before the Friday65. Jesus died. Now，Friday the 13h has become a cultural wonder. Many Americans avoid the number 13 all together，66. （include）hotel rooms and airplane seat assignments. It even costs couples less to get married on the day. There are many other67. （explain）behind the luckless day. Simon Bronner，a professor of American studies at Pennsylvania State. University，68. （believe）Friday the 13h is a way for people to pin their bad luck to a certain cause:. The fact should be69. there's nothing special about the number itself. After all，the number 13 70. （consider）to be lucky in some countries，like Italy
【答案】
61. Fortunately
62. to break
63. it
64. religious
65. when
66. including
67. explanations
68. believes
69. that
70. is considered
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。在美国人们觉得星期五和数字13是不好的运气，在住酒店结婚等场合都避免使用它们。但是宾夕法尼亚大学教授Simon Bronner认为只是人们把坏运气归因于星期五和数字13。
61. 考查副词。根据句子结构可知，空格处的单词是作状语的，应该用副词。故填Fortunately。
62. 考查固定搭配。try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，try not to do sth.尽力不做某事。故填to break。
63. 考查it作形式主语。分析句子结构可知，say后面是宾语从句，缺主语，分析句意可知，搞清楚这个传统是怎样产生的很难。不定式短语 to find out how the tradition came into being是真正的主语。为了保持句子平衡，应该用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语放到后面。故填it。
64. 考查形容词。名词origins应该用形容词来修饰。故填religious。
65. 考查定语从句引导词。the Friday为定语从句的先行词，在后面从句中作时间状语，星期前面用on，所以定语从句的引导词是when或on which。故填when。
66. 考查介词+doing用法。include是动词，分析句子结构可知，整个句子是单句，include在这里不作谓语，需要用它的介词形式，后面跟介词宾语。故填including。
67. 考查名词。由前面的are和many可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式。故填explanations。
68. 考查时态。分析上下文可知，此篇文章主要时态是一般现在时，本句主语是单数，所以要用believe的单三形式。故填believes。
69. 考查表语从句引导词。本句中should be后面是表语从句，从句内容完整。故填that。
70. 考查一般现在时被动语态。根据句意和句子结构可知，the number 13和consider是被动关系，又分析上文知道，这里应该用一般现在时，the number 13是单数主语，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故填is considered。

10. 阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The 7th International Military Sports Council（CISM）Military World Games（世界军运会）will take place from Oct. 18 71. Oct. 27，2019 in Wuhan，capital city of 72. （center）China's Hubei Province.
The games，the top sports gala for military personnel（军人），include 329 competition events of 27 kinds and are expected 73. （attract）around 8000 players from more than 100 74. （country）and regions.
The games will be an international event with great importance and far-reaching influence and it will also be 75. opportunity for foreign military personnel to learn more about China and 76. （it）military.
The event's emblem（会徽）is made up of a dove，a star，ribbons and other elements and the mascot is called Bing Bing，the design of 77. is based on the Chinese sturgeon（鲟），a 78. （serious）endangered fish known as the "panda in water". The slogan is“Military glory，world peace”.
The games，which 79. （hold）in Rome in 1995 for the first time，are a multi-sport event 80. （organize）every four years by the CISM.
【答案】
71. to
72. central
73. to attract
74. countries
75. an
76. its
77. which
78. seriously
79. were held
80. organized
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了第七届国际军事体育理事会军事世界运动会将于2019年10月18日至27日在中国中部湖北省省会武汉举行。以及活动举办情况。
71. 考查固定短语。句意：第七届国际军事体育理事会军事世界运动会将于2019年10月18日至27日在中国中部湖北省省会武汉举行。短语from…to…“从……到……”。故填to。
72. 考查形容词。句意同上。此处修饰China, 故填形容词central“中心的”。
73. 考查固定短语。句意：本届奥运会是军队人员的顶级体育盛会, 共有27种比赛项目329个, 预计将吸引来自100多个国家和地区的约8000名运动员参加。短语be expected to do sth.“预计……”, 故填to attract。
74. 考查名词的数。句意同上。country为可数名词, 由more than 100修饰可知应填复数形式countries。
75. 考查冠词。句意：奥运会将是一场具有重要意义和深远影响的国际盛事, 也是外国军人了解中国和中国军队的一个机会。opportunity为可数名词, 此处表示泛指“一次机会”, 且为元音音素开头, 故填不定冠词an。
76. 考查物主代词。句意同上。military为名词“军队”需要形容词修饰, 故填its。
77. 考查定语从句连接词。句意：该活动的会徽由鸽子、星星、丝带等元素组成, 吉祥物名为“冰冰”, 其设计基于中华鲟, 一种被称为“水中熊猫”的严重濒危鱼类。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词mascot, 且做of的宾语, 指物, 故填which。
78. 考查副词。句意同上。endangered为形容词需要副词修饰, 故填seriously“严重地”。
79. 考查动词时态语态。句意：奥运会于1995年在罗马首次举行。本句主语与谓语构成被动关系, 且根据下文in 1995可知应用一般过去时, 主语为games复数名词, 故填were held。
80. 考查非谓语动词。句意：1995年第一次在罗马举行的奥运会, 是由CISM每四年举办一次的综合性体育赛事。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词, 故organize做非谓语动词, 与逻辑主语event构成被动关系, 故填过去分词organized。