期末复习 阅读提分法--外研版（三起）四年级英语下册

第1招 “三步法”解细节理解题

题型解读

　　“细节理解题”是指原文中提到了某信息，题干针对原文中的相关信息进行设题。此类题主要考查学生对阅读内容的理解及分析能力。

　　“细节理解题”可分为直接细节理解题和间接细节理解题。直接细节理解题的题干是直接针对原文进行设题，问题的答案一般在原文中能直接找到。间接细节理解题一般不能直接在原文中找到问题的答案，而是需要借助同义词转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息(单词、词组或者句子)进行适当变化，最后找到问题的答案。

细节理解题的命题形式一般有以下几种：

(1)用what／where／how等提问的题型。

(2)是非判断题。即根据原文判断某种说法或句子的正误。

(3)根据原文中的信息或内容设题，题干一般以挖空的形式呈现，出题方式包括选择或填空。

方法指导

细节理解题可用“三步法”解题，即通过画、找、定三个步骤找到问题的答案。

第一步画。在题干中画出关键词。即主要画出题干中的主语及相关的活动、时间或地点位置等关键词。

第二步找。回原文中找到与题干关键词对应的句子。直接细节理解题一般根据题干中的关键词可在原文找到对应的句子，间接细节理解题可通过题干中关键词的同义词转换、概念解析、事实归纳等方法在原文中找到对应的句子。

第三步定。根据原文中对应的句子确定问题的答案。

Hello! I’m Lingling． Look at my family photo． This is my father． He’s a doctor． He is very clever． This is my mother． She’s a nice teacher． She teaches English． This is me． I’m a clever pupil． I love my family． 

阅读短文，选择正确答案。

(　　)Is Lingling’s mother a nice teacher？ 

A．Yes，she is．　　　B．No，she isn’t．　　　C．Yes，he is．

第一步画出题干中的关键词。此题题干是一个be动词引导的一般疑问句，首先画出关键词Lingling’s mother和a nice teacher。

第二步根据关键词寻找相对应的句子，即“I’m Lingling．”和“ This is my mother．She’s a nice teacher．”。

第三步将所给选项与原文的相关句子进行对比，可以确定此题答案选A。(答案：A)

Miss Liu is a new teacher． She’s very nice． She has some good friends：Alice， Rose and Daming． They are her students， too． Alice is a shy girl． And she’s quiet． Rose is very clever． She can play basketball well． But she can’t do maths well． Miss Liu is going to help her． Daming is a Chinese boy． He is cool． But sometimes he’s naughty． He can play football well．

阅读短文，选择正确答案。

(　　)1．Miss Liu is 　　　　． 

A．a nice teacher B．a new pupil C．a clever friend

(　　)2．Alice is 　　　　． 

A．quiet B．shy C．Both A and B．

Hello! My name is Mary． I’ll have a holiday next week． On Monday I will visit my grandma． I miss her very much． On Tuesday I will play with my friends． On Wednesday I will play table tennis．I won’t play football． On Thursday I will help Mum do the housework． On Friday I will go to the park with my friend，Sam． We will row a boat in the park． Sam won’t play football． He will fly a kite in the park． I’ll be very busy(忙碌的)! 

阅读短文，补全句子。

Mary and Sam won’t 　　　　　　　　． 

第一步画出题干中的关键词won’t。

第二步根据题干中的关键词回到原文中寻找相对应的句子：短文第八句话“I won’t play football．”和短文第十二句话“Sam won’t play football．”。

第三步将两个句子相互联系可知Mary和Sam都不打算踢足球，所以此题答案是 play football。(答案：play football)

The summer holiday is coming． The children are talking about their plans．Lingling will visit the West Lake with her mother． She will go there by train． She won’t go by plane． Lily will go to Qingdao with her father． She will go there by bus． She won’t go by plane． Daming will visit the Great Wall． He wants to be a true man．The Great Wall is very long and very old．

阅读短文，补全句子。

1．Lily and Lingling won’t take a 　　　　． 

2．Daming wants to be 　　　　． 

Sam： Hello， John． Tomorrow is Saturday． What will you do？

John： I will visit my grandpa． Tomorrow is his birthday．

Sam： Oh， that’s great． Will you buy a present for him？

John： Yes， I will． I will buy a big cake． And I will take my kite too． 

Sam： So you can fly your kite with your grandpa．

John： Yes．

阅读对话，回答问题。

Will John take his kite？　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 

第一步画出题干中的关键词 John take his kite。

第二步回到原文中找到与关键词相关的信息，“John”和“And I will take my kite too．”。

第三步根据相关信息句可知John将带风筝。(答案：Yes， he will．)

Lucy： Hello， Lily． Tomorrow is Saturday． What will you do？

Lily： I will visit my friend， Alice． Tomorrow is her birthday．

Lucy： Oh， that’s great． Will you buy a present for her？

Lily： Yes， I will． I will buy a birthday cake． And I will take my football too．

Lucy： Will it rain tomorrow？

Lily： No， it won’t． It will be warm and cloudy．

Lucy： So you can play football in the park．

Lily： Yes．

1．Will Lily visit her friend tomorrow？

2．Will it be sunny tomorrow？

Doctor： What happened to you？

Daming： I have got a stomach ache． 

Doctor： What did you eat this morning？

Daming： I ate some bread， lots of chocolate and drank some drinks．

Doctor： Oh， you ate too much． Now take some medicine(吃些药)．Have a rest． Tomorrow you will be OK．

Daming： Can I go to school？ 

Doctor： No， you can’t． You should(应该)stay in bed． 

Daming： Thank you very much．

Doctor： You are welcome．

根据对话内容，补全句子。

Daming has got 　　　　　　　　today． He 　　　　go to school． 

第一步首先画出题目中提到的关键词Daming has got和go to school。

第二步根据题干中的关键词回到原文中寻找相对应的句子，即“I have got a stomach ache．”，“Can I go to school？”，“No， you can’t．”。

第三步将所给句子与原文中的相关句子对比，可以确定答案。

(答案：a stomach ache；can’t)

Ms Smart： Who isn’t at school today？

Sam： Amy，Lingling and Daming．

Ms Smart： What happened？

Sam： Amy ate lots of chocolate biscuits yesterday， so she’s got a stomach ache today． Lingling went swimming yesterday． And then she had a cold． Today she’s got a fever．

Ms Smart： I’m sorry to hear that． What about Daming？

Sam： He went for a bike ride with me yesterday． But he fell off his bike． He hurt his leg． He can’t walk now．

根据对话内容补全短文。(每空一词)

Amy， Lingling and Daming 　　　　　　at school today．Amy 　　　

lots of chocolate biscuits yesterday， so she’s got 　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　today． Lingling went swimming yesterday． And then she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　． Today she’s got 　　　　　　　　　　　．Daming went for a bike ride with Sam yesterday． But he 　　　　　　　　　　　　 his bike． He 　　　　　his leg． He can’t walk now． 

Hello， I’m Mary． This is a photo of my family． Look! They are my grandparents． They were young then． But now they are old． This is my father． He was tall and thin then． My mother was very beautiful then． I think now she is still beautiful．The baby is me． I was one then．I was very cute．  

第一步观察表格，弄懂题意。首先读懂表格中呈现的内容。第一列Who是“什么人”，第二列Then是“那时”，第三列Now是“现在”。然后分析需要填入的是什么。也就是说第二列应该填入那时的情况，第三列填入现在的情况。

第二步根据表格中的关键词回到原文中寻找相对应的句子，即“They are my grandparents． They were young then． But now they are old．”。

第三步根据相关信息确定表格要填的内容，对应填入即可。

(答案：1．young　2．old)

I had a holiday last week． On Monday， it was sunny and warm．I went to the park with my friends． We played games together． On Tuesday， it was rainy． I played on the computer． On Wednesday， it was hot． I visited my little cousin， Lily． Her hair was very long． She was a bit shy． We skipped happily．

根据短文内容补全表格。

 第2招 “代入翻译法”解词义猜测题

题型解读

　　“词义猜测题”是指通过阅读短文，并结合上下文猜测某一个单词或词组的词义的题型。此类题的题干中一般有标志性词mean(意思是)，meaning(意思，意义)等。

方法指导

“代入翻译法”即将所给选项一一代入到原文中进行翻译，最后选出能串联上下文意思的词义。

Dear Daming，

We are having fun in Beijing． This is our hotel near Wangfujing Street． It’s small but clean． I like staying here． Wangfujing Street has got many shops． I like China very much．

Yours，

Sam

(　　)In this passage， “hotel” means “　　　　”． 

A．商场　　　　　　　B．旅馆　　　　　　　　C． 银行

第一步翻译hotel在原文中所在的句子“This is our hotel near Wangfujing Street．”，句意为“这是我们在王府井附近的　　　　”。然后结合“It’s small but clean． I like staying here．”，意为“它虽小但很干净。我喜欢待在这儿”。说明应该是休息的地方。 

第二步将题目中所给的三个选项一一代入到原文中翻译。

第三步通过排除法可以判断“旅馆”最符合句意。

(答案：B)

Bob is a good student in the school． But he is not clean(干净的)． His face and hands are often dirty． One morning， Bob went to school． His teacher looked at him and said， “I know what you ate for breakfast today．” “What？” Bob asked． “Eggs，” said the teacher． “Your face and nose tell me that．” “No， sir，” said Bob． “Not today or yesterday，but the day before yesterday．”

阅读短文，选择正确答案。

(　 　)In this passage，“know” means “　　　　”． 

A．看见　　　　　　　　B．知道　　　　　　　　C．没有

阅读提分法

第1招 “三步法”解细节理解题

1．A　点拨：由短文原句“Miss Liu is a new teacher． She’s very nice．” 可知A正确。

2．C　点拨：由短文原句“Alice is a shy girl． And she’s quiet．”可知C正确。

1．plane　点拨：由短文第五句和第八句可知Lily和Lingling都将不坐飞机。

2．a true man　点拨：由短文原句“Daming will visit the Great Wall． He wants to be a true man．”可知大明想成为一名男子汉。

1．Yes， she will．　点拨：由原文“I will visit my friend，Alice．”可知Lily将看望她的朋友，故回答为“Yes， she will．”。

2．No， it won’t．　点拨：由原文“It will be warm and cloudy．”可知明天温暖并且多云，故回答为“No， it won’t．”。

aren’t;ate;a stomach ache;

had a cold;a fever;fell off;hurt

1．sunny and warm

2．went to the park and played games

3．rainy

4．played on the computer

5．hot

6．visited my little cousin and skipped

第2招 “代入翻译法”解词义猜测题

B　　点拨：将三个选项分别代入原文句子“I know what you ate for breakfast today．”，再结合文章分析，可知选B。