初中英语巩固练习+知识讲解总复习第22讲 中考冲刺一：词句综合应用技巧

这是一份初中英语巩固练习+知识讲解总复习第22讲 中考冲刺一：词句综合应用技巧，共7页。
     中考冲刺一  词句综合形式应用                                  【真题再现】I. 根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。在填写答卷时，要求写出完整单词（每空限填一词） ( 广州)1．It is a p______ that the weather is so bad today. We can’t go to a picnic. 2．You should always knock at the door before you e______ a room. 3．Close the window or the wind will b______ everything off my desk.4．The young woman is very b______. She is not afraid of anything. 5．It’s very p______ to say “Thank you” when someone helps you. II. 根据括号内的汉语提示，完成句子。( 黄冈)1. Women teachers are usually more careful and more ______(有耐心的) with the pupils.2. Since you’ve finished your work，why not consider ______(参观) the park with your friends?3. Early in the______(二十) century, two famous scientists developed their personal ideas about dreams.4. In order to search for the missing passengers in the MH370, two______(军人) died.5. The film reminded me of the day when I was ______(照顾) care of in the village.6. Drive______(径直) on, and you’ll find the museum on your left.III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。( 兰州)1. Lao She was a great          (write) and he’s especially famous for his play, Teahouse.2. Would you mind          (take) out the trash, Jerry?3. The girl is going to repair the bike by          (she).4. Although he lives on the          (twelve) floor, he seldom uses the lift.5. He             (not come) yet. What do you think has happened to him?6. This          (wood) bridge was built more than 20 years ago.7. Mom couldn’t stand the mess in my room, so she asked me         (clean) it right now.8. The road to          (successful) is never straight.9. The water          (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.10. He’d like to get some suggestions on how to learn          (wise) and well. IV. 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。( 南通)tidy   lift   drop  break   make 1. In autumn，the days are shorter and the temperature ________.2. It’s already midnight．Who ________ so much noise outside?3. — What a mess your room is!  — Sorry．I ________ it up right now.4. He ________ his hand into the air to get my attention and soon I noticed him.5. — Why are you in such a hurry?   — My father’s car ________ down on the way．I have to go to help him.V. 从方框中选择合适的短语并用其适当形式填空。(有一项多余)( 安顺)be willing to; stay up; write down; throw away; take pride in; come over to1. He ________ to Watch the World Cup last night.2. All the teachers ________ answer students’ questions.3. Don't forget ________ my house when you come to Beijing.4. If you pass the exam, your teacher ________ you.5. He never _________ plastic bottles after using them only once.VI. 根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。方框中有两个词为多余项。( 山西)I   that   thing   stand   anger   serious  who  find  near  support  danger  everywhereFor a long time, I saw happiness as a huge banner across the finish line of a long race. I felt that only when I completed certain    1   could I finally be happy in my life. Most of the time I felt like a tortoise. I believed that being slow and strong-minded would win the race. At other times I would act like a rabbit. I tried different roads at a    2   speed, hoping to reach that banner a little faster. Gradually, I began to see that no matter how long I raced towards it, the banner never got any     3   . I finally decided one day to sit down and take a rest. It was then that I saw my happiness sitting beside     4   .It had been with me as I worked hard     5    my family, as I played with my children and I heard their laughter and even when I was     6    ill with my wife at my side looking after me. It had been with me as I raced towards that stupid banner. I just didn’t have the ability to see it.There is an old saying     7    goes, “Tension is who you think you should be. Relaxation is who you are.” Perhaps we all should stop our race towards the perfect life we think we should have. We should enjoy the life we have now. Happiness will never    8    under some banner far away. You will find it in your own heart, soul and mind. You will find it when you realize that others love you just as you do.Don’t be a tortoise or a rabbit when it comes to your happiness. Be a playful little dog and carry your stick of joy with you    9    you go. Take yourself out of the race and realize that when it comes to love and happiness, you    10   there already. Happiness is just around the corner.【答案与解析】I. 根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。1. pity 2. enter 3. blow 4. brave 5. politeII. 根据括号内的汉语提示，完成句子。1. patient  2. visiting 3. twentieth 4. soldiers  5. taken  6. straight / directIII. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. writer   2.taking  3. herself   4. twelfth   5. hasn’t come6. wood / wooden   7. to clean   8. success    9. felt   10.wiselyIV. 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。1. drops   2. is making   3. will／shall／am going to tidy   4. lifted   5. has brokenV. 从方框中选择合适的短语并用其适当形式填空。 1. stayed up   2. are willing to    3. to come over to   4. will take pride in   5. throws away  VI. 根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。方框中有两个词为多余项。  1. things  2. dangerous 3. nearer  4. me   5. to support  6. seriously  7. that  8. be found  9. everywhere  10. have stood                                【用法讲解】考试要求：主要考查学生对初中所学单词的基本含义及在特定语境中的具体运用能力。一般采用单词拼写、词汇综合运用等主观性测试题。考查的重点是：动词的各种变化形式（如动词的各种时态、语态和动词的非谓语形式）、名词的单数和复数形式、形容词和副词的变化、形容词副词的比较等级、基数词和序数词的转换、代词的人称、格、数等。1. 试题题型：（1）根据句意及首字母提示填空：这种题型主要是考查单词在有具体语言环境中的应用。一般给一个具体的句子和需要填入的单词的首字母。这种填空题有一定的难度，它要求考生必须理解句子意思的基础上准确判断要填入的单词，许多同学可能判断对了所填的单词，但没有考虑或误用了单词的变化形式。例如：Have you read the book w______ in French?〔解析〕这个句子是一般疑问句，所给的首字母是w，have read是句子的谓语，所以需要填空的这个单词是动词的非谓语形式，本句子的意思是“你看过这本用法语写的书吗？”，理解了句子的意思同时还需要判断动词用什么形式，如果不能理解主语和动词是被动的关系，就很难判断这个动词用其过去分词形式，表示被动关系。不少的同学会填空write，writing。答案是written。这种题型是词汇运用试题中难度最大的题型。它不仅要求理解句子的意思，判断要填空的单词，更重要是根据句子的意思准确判断所填写单词的形式，需要综合考虑，才能保证正确率。（2）根据括号内所给的汉语提示填空：这种题型主要是考查单词在有具体语言环境的应用。一般是给一个具体的句子和汉语提示。这种词汇填空题的难度相对小一些，它要求考生理解句子的意思，但在判断所填单词上相对容易。这种类型的词汇填空题最大的难点是根据单词在句子中的语法地位考虑单词的变化，即根据所给句子的具体语言环境来判断用这个单词的什么形式。许多考生可能直接把所给的汉语翻译成为英语后就填空，没有考虑单词的变化。例如：You must eat a lot of vegetables and fruit if you want to keep _________ (健康).Doing more exercise is very good for your ________ (健康).〔解析〕这两个句子所给的汉语提示都是“健康”，如果不从句子的语言环境考虑，而直接按照汉语“健康”对应的单词health去填空，就很容易出现错误。第一个句子在keep的后面要用形容词作表语，应该填写healthy。第二个句子在物主代词your的后面应该用名词形式health。所以一定要在句子中考虑填写单词的正确形式。又如：—How long have you ______ (借) the book from the library? —For about two weeks.〔解析〕这个句子所给的汉语提示是“借”，其英语表示法是borrow，如果直接把所给的汉语翻译后填空，尽管你考虑到在have的后面用过去分词borrowed也仍然是错误的，因为在how long表示延续一段时间的现在完成时中，不能用borrow，因为这个单词是非延续性的，不能和表示延续一段时间的状语连用，所以必须考虑这一点才能填上正确的单词kept。（3）用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空：这种题型主要是考查单词在有具体语言环境中的应用。一般是给一个不完整的句子和括号内的一个单词。这种词汇填空题的难度相对比较小，它要求考生理解句子的意思，根据括号内单词在所给的句子中的语法要求，判断用单词的什么形式。例如：What’s the weather like today? It’s ______ (sun).〔解析〕这个句子括号内所给的单词是名词sun，从前面的句子意思理解是询问天气的，所以后面句子回答应用be和表示天气的形容词连用来描述天气状况。所以在is的后面用sun的形容词sunny。又如：_______ (watch) TV too much is bad for your eyes.〔解析〕这个句子括号内的单词watch，是动词，从句子的意思理解是“看电视太多对你的眼睛有害”，动词原形在句子中不能作主语，需要用动名词形式作主语，所以这个空需要用Watching，要注意在句子开头要大写。考查动词的应用比例比较多，一般是给一个不完整的句子及动词原形，要求考生根据句子的内容和语法要求用动词的适当形式填空。这种填空主要是动词的变化，一般涉及动词的各种时态、语态和动词不定式、动名词和动词的现在分词、过去分词及情态动词的用法。又如：It’s very dangerous ______ (play) football in the street.〔解析〕这个句子括号内的单词play是动词，从句子的意思理解“在街道上踢足球是非常危险的”，句子中的it是形式主语，需要用动词不定式作真正的主语，这里用了句型：It’s +形容词+不定式+其它。答案是to play。2. 解题技巧：（1） 从句意找单词。特别是首字母填空题，认真阅读和分析所给的句子是准确判断所填词汇的关键。例如：How h_______ it is raining outside. We had better stay at home. 〔解析〕认真阅读所给的句子，理解句子的意思，考虑用副词来修饰动词raining，在感叹句中how的后面可以用副词，所以填heavily，表示（雨下得）很大。（2）根据句子成分判断所填词的词性。名词，要注意其单复数、可数还是不可数、是否用所有格形式；动词，应注意人称、数、时态、语态及是否是非谓语形式；如果修饰名词或代词，应用形容词；如果修饰动词或形容词、副词等，应该用副词；还要注意形容词、副词的级别；如果是代词，要注意是人称代词、物主代词还是不定代词等，是形容词性物主代词还是名词性物主代词等。例如：At the ______ (开始), we couldn’t understand what he said.〔解析〕括号所给的汉语是“开始”，直接翻译的单词是begin，如果直接翻译后填空是错误的，从介词和冠词the的后判断，应该用名词；从句意可以分析这个空是需要用“开始”这个单词的动名词形式即beginning，构成at the beginning短语，表示“在开始时”，所以一定要结合句子来考虑单词的正确形式，不能直接翻译汉语就填空。(3) 观察句子的类型，判断动词的时态和语态。1) 如果所给的句子是祈使句，就可以用括号所给动词的原形。例如：______ (speak) Chinese in the meeting, please. 〔解析〕这是一个祈使句，表示一种请求，祈使句是以动词原形开头的句子，所以可以直接填写括号内的动词。答案是Speak。2) 如果句子中有情态动词can/may/must等，情态动词后面要填入动词原形。例如：You must _____ (go) there at once.〔解析〕在情态动词must的后面用动词原形go，所以可以直接填写go。3) 如果句子有比较明显的时间状语，可以根据不同的时间来判断动词的不同时态。如果有every， always，often，sometimes，usually，twice a week等时间状语，句子经常用一般现在时；根据句子的主语是否是第三人称单数形式来判断动词是否变化。如果句子有比较明显的时间状语yesterday，just now，last week， … ago，in ＋过去的年份等，句子的谓语动词用一般过去时。如果句子中有already，ever，never，just，yet，since，for＋一段时间，so far，in the last/ past few years等时间状语，句子的谓语动词用现在完成时。例如：Mike always ____ (watch) TV after dinner. 〔解析〕主语Mike是第三人称单数形式，从句子的时间状语always可以判断是一般现在时，所以谓语动词用watches。例如：Jim ______ (live) in this village for about ten years. 〔解析〕从句子的时间状语for about ten years可以判断是现在完成时，所以用has lived来填空。(4) 从所给的句子主语和谓语关系来判断语态如果句子的主语是后面动词所表示动作的执行者，用主动语态；如果句子的主语不能执行后面动词所表示的动作，而是动作的承受者，用被动语态。例如：When we got there, all students _____ ( do) their homework. 句子的主语students能够执行后面的动作do homework，所以是主动语态即were doing。例如：The students _______ (tell) to clean their classroom. 句子的主语和动词tell是被动关系，所以用被动语态。所以填are told。(5) 从句子成分判断动词的非谓语形式。如果所给的句子是简单句，并且已经有了主语和谓语，那么括号所给的动词不能再作谓语，这时可能要用动词的非谓语形式。动词的非谓语形式有：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。注意：有一些动词的后面只能用动名词形式作宾语。例如：enjoy，finish，practice，mind，keep，keep on，go on等；有一些动词的后面只能用动词不定式作宾语。例如：want，hope，wish，decide，learn等；有一些动词的后面可以用动词不定式，也可以用动名词。例如：like，begin，start，hate等；有一些动词的后面用省略to的动词不定式即动词原形作宾语补足语。例如：make，let，have，see，watch，hear，feel，notice等。(6) 掌握一定的构词法知识有助于填入正确单词。在词汇部分学过一些常用的构词法，掌握这些构词法，会更容易掌握单词，也对词汇运用试题有所帮助，如：动词变名词，形容词变副词等。例如：decide — decision   agree — agreement   spell — spelling   succeed — success这些词汇都是由一个动词变成了名词。easy－easily　heavy－heavily  careful－carefully这些词汇是由形容词变成了副词。 (7) 注意同义词和近义词的辨析。同样意思的词有时会有几个，而到底哪一个更适合句意要求就需要依靠平时对同义词和近义词的区别、句意和语法的要求认真判断了。例如：The girl ______ (花费) a lot of time collecting toys last year.〔解析〕我们学过的表示“花费”的词有“spend、cost、take”等，根据句子中用的句型和时间状语last year，此处应该用spent。3. 解题步骤：（1） 通读全句，细心分析。首先要分析句意，充分理解句子的语境，然后要看好所给的提示词属于什么词性或是什么形式。（2） 抓住关键，确定形式。注意句中关键性的词、短语或从句，认真对比所学语言语法知识，结合常识，确定要填词的形式。（3）仔细复查，验证答案。答题结束后要检查，注意句子的意思是否通顺，单词形式是否符合句子的语法要求，单词拼写是否正确等。
 【巩固练习】 I．根据句意和所给首字母补全单词，使句子完整。1．Which d_________ would you like，juice or coffee?2．The old woman is blind and she cannot s________ anything．3．Besides music，P.E. and art，we also study some other s________ at school．4．It is impolite to talk l________ in the library．Everyone should be quiet there．5. The old man is really t________ to the young man for his help. 6. D_______ my stay in the country, I learned a lot. 7. Knives are used for c_______ things. 8. They are busy p_______ the apples from the trees. 9. It’s i______ for the little boy to carry the big box. 10. As students in modern world, we should tell the t______. II. 根据中文提示，完成句子。每空一词。1．Look! Some boys and girls are ________ ________ (放风筝) on the beach．2．Nowadays，more and more people like going to work ________ _______(步行)．3．On National Day，________ _______(成千上万) people go to Tian’anmen Square and watch the national flag go up．4. What about making a new kite? Mine is _____(弄坏了).5．The river is rising and my hometown is in _____(危险).6．Mr Green looked _____(担忧) because his son was ill7. The books on those _____(架子) are very interesting.8. Are you interested in _____ (收集) stamps?9. It’s much _____ (热) today than it was yesterday.10. Be quiet! I heard someone _________(哭) in the bush.III. 用所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。1．Lots of ________(foreign) come to visit the summer palace every year．2．Don’t mind ________(offer) your help to others whenever necessary．3．My mother was ________(water) flowers in the garden when I came back．4．The boy sat down excitedly because he answered the difficult question ________(correct)．5．Everybody likes to ask him for help because he often ________(come) up with good ideas．6．It is a good habit to brush your ________(tooth) after each meal．7．Many school things were ________(send) to Yushu last month．8. Jim writes more _____(care) than Kate and Lily.9. I have been to the Great Wall _____ (two).10. Our classroom is much brighter than _____ (they).IV.从下面的方框中选出适当的词，并用其正确的形式填空。每词限用一次。lose， gold，sing，go， real， friend， we， care1．—Who’s Li Qing，do you know?    —Yes．She’s a young ________ who sings well．2．When crossing the road，we must be ________．3．Mary is a lively girl and she often makes ________ with others．4．Tom is looking forward to ________ to China because he likes Chinese culture．5．—Our teacher says we are going hiking next Friday．   —________? Great!6．—Whose exercise books are these?   —They belong to ________．7．—Excuse me，I’ve got ________ here．Could you help me?   —Sorry．I’m a stranger here myself．8．On sunny days，you can enjoy yourself on the ________ beaches．【答案与解析】I．根据句意和所给首字母填单词。1. drink    2．see   3. subjects   4.loudly       5. thankful6. During  7. cutting  8. picking   9. impossible  10. truthII. 根据中文提示，完成句子。每空一词。1.flying kites  2.on foot  3.thousands of  4. broken   5. danger  6. worried    7. shelves  8. collecting    9. hotter    10. cryingIII. 用所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。1．foreigners  2．offering    3．watering  4．correctly  5．comes   6．teeth      7．sent       8. carefully   9. twice    10.theirsIV.从下面的方框中选出适当的词，并用其正确的形式填空。每词限用一次。1．singer    2．careful   3．friends     4．going    5．Really   6．us       7．lost       8．golden