专题04 介词-2023年中考总复习真题探究与变式训练（江苏专用）

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专题04 介词
命题方向
重要指数
考向一 时间介词、方位介词和方式介词
（必考点）
考向二 介词短语和固定搭配
（常考点）
考向一 时间介词、方位介词和方式介词

例1 （2022·江苏淮安·中考真题）（时间介词on）—Mrs Wang, when is World Reading Day?
—It is ________ April 23 every year.
A．in B．at C．on D．by
例2 （2022·江苏南通·中考真题）（时间介词at）Now students have more free time ________ night because of the “double reduction” policy.
A．in B．on C．at D．to
例3 （2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）（时间介词in）The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Xiaoman(a little full) usually falls _______ May.
A．in B．at C．on D．to
例4 （2017·江苏徐州·中考真题）（地点介词through）A bird flew into the kitchen the window.
A．across B．above C．through D．under
例5 （2015·江苏苏州·九年级期末）（地点介词over, in）-Look at this picture. There is a bridge_______ the river, and there are three birds_______ the tree.
A．on； in B．over； on
C．over； in D．on； on
例6（2022·江苏·扬州市江都区实验初级中学三模）（方式介词by）— Why have you done so well in the Maths exam, Annie?
— To tell you the truth, I’ve made great progress ________ working in a group since last year.
A．by B．with C．at D．on
例7（2022·江苏无锡·一模）（方式介词through）The ancient Greeks succeeded in capturing the city ________ a trick in only one night.
A．in B．through C．of D．for
例8（2020·江苏·景山中学九年级期中）（方式介词with）The murderer killed the man ________ a knife ________ the evening of December 10th.
A．use; on B．using; in C．with; on D．with; in


时间介词
1）at, in on
at：多用于表示具体的钟点时刻前或固定搭配at noon, at midnight, at night, at lunchtime。
in: 用于表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及一天的上午，下午，晚上，如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in May, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。
用于表示“从现在起，多久以后”，如in an hour
on: 表示在具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时, 如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。
on the tree /in the tree
on the tree 表示 “树上本身长的东西” 在树上.
in the tree 表示 “外界的物体进入树中” 人或物在树上.

2） since, after
由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：
I haven’t heard from him since last summer.
After five days the boy came back.

3） in, after
in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。after与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：
He will be back in two months.
He will arrive after four o’clock.
He returned after a month.

4) before 在......以前
during 在......期间，“during +时间段”与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作
by “by+时间点”表示“到......以前为止”
from 说明开始的时间
for “for+时间段”，常与现在完成时连用

方位介词
1）at, in, on
at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
They arrived at a small village before dark.
There is a big hole in the wall.
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.

2） over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：
There is a bridge over the river.
We flew above the clouds.
 They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.

3）表示方位的in /on / to
in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系)　　Tanwan is _in___ the southeast of China .
on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系)　　Hubei is __on__ the north of Hunan .
to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系)　　Japan is __to___ the east of China .

4) in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：
There are some tall trees in front of the building.
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.

5）across / through / over / by 经过
across 指横穿,穿过. 表示从......表面上经过.
through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.
over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.
by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.
Can you swim across the river ?
The elephant is so big that it can’ t go through the gate .
I don’ t think anyone can jump over the fence.
I walked by the bank of China yesterday .    

方式介词
with / in / by 表示 “用……”
with 表示 “用…” 一般指用具体有形的工具.
He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife .
注: with 表伴随, “带有,含有”
He came in _____ a big smile on his face .
in表示用某种语言,方式,途径. 或书写/绘画所用的材料.
Can you say it _____English ?
He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .
by表示方式，方法
I study for a test _____ working with a group .
He makes a living ____ selling newspapers .


【变式1】（2022·江苏·连云港外国语学校二模）Meng Wanzhou arrived _______ Shenzhen, Guangdong _______ the afternoon of Sept 25, after being legally held for three years in Canada.
A．in;in B．at;on C．at;in D．in;on
【变式2】（2022·江苏·开明中学一模）The astronauts of Shenzhou XIII returned to the mother planet ________ April 16, 2022.
A．in B．on C．at D．to
【变式3】（2022·江苏·射阳县第三中学一模）—How are you going to meet Gu Ailing at the airport _______ Thursday morning?
—I’m going there _______ my car.
A．on; in B．on; by C．in; by D．in; in
【变式4】（2022·江苏南京·二模）The 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou will be held ________ September, 2022, but it has been put off now.

A．in B．on C．at D．of
【变式5】（2022·江苏南通·二模）Tom often gets up early and makes breakfast ________ Mother’s Day.
A．in B．for C．at D．on
【变式6】（2022·江苏南通·一模）When spring comes, many bees and butterflies play among flowers ________ warm and sunny days.
A．in B．at C．on D．to
【变式7】（2022·江苏宿迁·二模）Ancient poems of China has become a bridge ________ the East and the West.
A．among B．between C．beyond D．along
【变式8】（2022·江苏南通·一模）There’re so many things around us _________ our will. However, we’ve no excuse to give up.
A．through B．towards C．against D．under
【变式9】（2022·江苏连云港·一模）A new bridge ________ the Yangtze River opened to traffic on December 24 in the city of Nanjing.
A．on B．over C．above D．through
【变式10】（2022·江苏泰州·一模）— I live on the top floor. Which floor do you live on?
— I live four floors ________ you.
A．below B．above C．over D．under
【变式11】（2021·江苏徐州·一模）When are you arriving? I’ll pick you up the station.
A．at B．to C．on D．off
【变式12】（2020·江苏·扬州中学教育集团树人学校二模）— Excuse me, will you please tell me the way to Yangzhou State Guesthouse?
— Walk ______ the bridge and go straight on, and you will see it on your left.
A．over B．above C．across D．into
【变式13】（2022·贵州铜仁·一模）—Taiwan and Hong Kong are important parts of China.
—Yes, Taiwan lies ________ the southeast of China and Hong Kong is ________ the south of China.
A．in；on B．to；in C．in；in D．in；to
【变式14】（2022·山东省青岛实验初级中学二模）Shenzhou-13’s return capsule (返回舱) touched down ________ the Dongfeng landing site in North China’s Inner Mongolia autonomous region ________ the morning of April 16, 2022.
A．in; on B．at; at C．at; in D．at; on
【变式15】（2022·贵州黔东南·二模）________ China’s National Constitution Day (国家宪法日), many educational activities are carried out to raise constitutional awareness ________ the public.
A．In；between B．On；between C．On；among D．In；among
【变式16】（2022·甘肃·平凉市第七中学二模）________ the morning of September 8th, many visitors arrived ________ the train station for a tour.
A．In; at B．On; in C．In; in D．On; at
【变式17】（2022·云南·模拟预测）—Look, Peter is writing ________ his left hand.
—Wow, cool!
A．in B．by C．with D．through
【变式18】（2022·海南省直辖县级单位·二模）To be a good taxi driver in Hainan, my father learns English ________ listening to everyday English.
A．of B．by C．to
【变式19】（2022·湖北黄石·模拟预测）—I could tell ________ the look on her face that something exciting had happened ________ a cold evening.
—Exactly!
A．on, in B．with, on C．by, on D．by, in
【变式20】（2022·山东济南·三模）—How can I improve my English more quickly?
—________ reading and listening more.
A．At B．By C．From D．On
【变式21】（2022·四川·雅安中学一模）—Why don’t you drive your car today?
—Because only buses and taxis can go ________ the bridge at present. I think it’s a better idea to get to work ________ the subway.
A．across; by B．through; by C．through; on D．across; on
【变式22】（2019·山东青岛·一模）We are doing much better ________ English ________ our teacher's help.
A．in; under B．at; in C．in; with D．with; with

考向二 介词短语和固定搭配

例1（2022·江苏徐州·九年级期中）（介词短语of one’s age）— I hear that your uncle has a daughter ________ your age.
— Yes, that’s true. He is so strict with her that he never allows her to go out at night.
A．on B．of C．in D．for
例2（2022·江苏泰州·九年级期末）（介词短语out of control）The car was _________ and crashed on the road.
A．in control B．out of control C．under control D．with control

介词短语和固定搭配
介词和动词、形容词或名词相结合后，形成复合词，有特定的意思。如下：
（1） 动词+介词（如：talk about，look at）
（2） Be动词+形容词+介词（如：be tired of）
（3） 介词+名词（如：at home，on foot，in time）
① 动词+介词
要区别“动词+介词”和“动词+副词”的短语，前者的宾语只可接在介词之后，后者当宾语为名词时可放在副词前或后，当宾语为代词时只可放在动词和副词之前

② Be动词+形容词+介词
be kind to对（某人）亲切； be good at在……做得好；擅长于……
be late for迟到； be afraid of害怕；
be absent from缺席； be proud of以……为自豪；
be fond of 喜欢 be full of 充满
be interested in 对…有兴趣 be confident in 对…有信心
be short of 缺乏
be tired of讨厌……／厌倦…… be loyal to 对…忠诚
be worried about 为…担心 be busy with 忙于(某事)
be different from 和…不同 be famous as 作为...而出名
be famous for 因…而出名 be sorry for sth.为……抱歉；
be angry with sb.. 对某人生气 be strict with对……严格要求
be angry at sth. 为某事生气
be pleased with sb. 对某人感到满意
be satisfied with sth.对某事感到满意
be surprised at对……感到惊奇/诧异
 
③ 介词+名词
at
at a time 一次，每次
at first 最初，开始时 at home 在家，随便
at last 最后 at once 立即，同时
at least 至少 at most 至多
at play(work) 在玩耍(工作) at present 现在，目前
at the same time (与此)同时 at times 有时候
at the age of… 在……岁时 at the end of… 在……之末
at the beginning of… 在……之初 at the foot of… 在……脚下
at night/noon 在夜里/中午
by:
by air 航空 by bus (plane, etc) 坐巴士(飞机等)
by chance 偶然 by the way 顺便说一句
by mistake 错误地，误把… by turns 轮流
by the end of… 到……底为止 day by day日复一日
by hand用手，手工，亲手 one by one一个接一个
by oneself 亲自

in:
in all 总共
in any case (event) 不管怎样，反正 in danger 处于危险中
in debt 负债 in demand 有需求
in detail 详细地 in fact 实际上
in general 一般说来 in one’s opinion 在(某人)看来
in order to (that) 以便，为了 in other words 换句话说
in person 亲自 in trouble处于困境
in practice 实际上 in public(private) 公开(私下)地
in regard to 关于 in short 总之
in the end 最后 in the middle of 在…中间
in time 及时 in turn 依次
in one's twenties 在某人二十几岁时 in a hurry 匆忙
in no time 立刻，很快

on:
on board 在船(飞机)上 on fire 着火
on foot 步行 on holiday 在度假
on sale 在出售 on time 准时
on the way 在路上 on one's way to 某人在去……的路上
on the top of 在…上面 on the other hand 另一方面
on the left (right) 在左(右)边 on the other side of 在……另一边

out of:
out of breath 气喘吁吁 out of work 失业
out of control 失去控制 out of danger 脱离危险
out of doors 在户外 out of fashion 不时新
out of reach 无法得到(拿到) out of temper 发脾气
out of touch(with) 和…失去联系 out of use 不再使用

【变式1】（2022·江苏·无锡市华庄中学二模）The volunteer needs to care for two homeless cats _________ and he thinks it is worth doing.
A．at a time B．at times C．at one time D．by the time
【变式2】（2022·江苏·无锡外国语学校二模）There is no help to worry about the uncertain future. ________, it’s more practical to take the present chance to succeed.
A．Above all B．After all C．In all D．At all
【变式3】（2022·江苏连云港·模拟预测）Tell them not to jump the queue or laugh so loudly ________ before taking Nucleic Acid Test (核酸检测). It’s an impolite behaviour.
A．in place B．on business C．in need D．in public
【变式4】（2022·江苏·开明中学一模）—________, Chinese smartphones like Huawei and Xiaomi have greatly improved.
—I agree. That’s why Chinese goods sell better now.
A．In general B．In this way C．In the end D．In the beginning
【变式5】（2022·江苏宿迁·三模）Chinese singer Liu Genghong’s online fitness videos encourage people to exercise indoor ________ lying down all day long.
A．as a result of B．instead of C．because of D．in fear of
【变式6】（2022·江苏苏州·二模）—Can you give me some advice on improving my test scores?
—Well, ________ you can’t play games every night.
A．above all B．as a result C．in other words D．after all
【变式7】（2022·江苏苏州·二模）________ our great joy, all the nucleic acid tests(核酸检测) have been completed with the help of the community volunteers.
A．In B．To C．At D．For
【变式8】（2022·江苏江苏·二模）Yancheng High-speed Railway Hub Bus Station has been ________ for about one year.
A．in trouble B．in use C．in danger D．in surprise
【变式9】（2022·江苏泰州·一模）Walking exercise may be boring ________, but doing it on a early sunny morning can be nothing finer.
A．in time B．at a time C．on time D．at times
【变式10】（2022·辽宁·铁岭县莲花第一初级中学一模）Boris was so hard-working that he came first four times ________ in the Chinese exam.
A．in silence B．in a row C．in surprise D．in person
【变式11】（2022·内蒙古兴安盟·一模）The English passage is hard to understand because there are ________ twenty new words in it.
A．at first B．at least C．at once D．at last
【变式12】（2022·辽宁丹东·模拟预测）We should put health ________ anything else because we can do nothing without health.
A．up to B．as for C．ahead of D．out of
【变式13】（2022·安徽·模拟预测）—Why did Jerry made such great progress in his study?
—Because his father had a long talk with him ________.
A．in public B．in order C．in common D．in person
【变式14】（2022·河北·迁安市教研训中心模拟预测）He became good at English ________ the help of his teacher.
A．by B．with C．on D．for
【变式15】（2022·安徽·合肥市第四十五中学三模）So far, 1,200 students ________ have learned the safety rules in our school.
A．in total B．after all C．in half D．for example
【变式16】（2022·甘肃武威·模拟预测）When people are ________, giving them a hand brings us joy. Giving is better than taking.
A．in order B．in need C．in public D．in poor
【变式17】（2022·山东滨州·一模）This cup is similar ________ that one, but actually they are made ________ different materials.
A．to; of B．to; in C．with; of D．with; from
【变式18】（2022·云南昆明·二模）—________ my opinion, it’s important for students to develop a good living habit.
— I can’t agree more.
A．On B．In C．At D．For