2023届高考英语二轮复习被动语态课件

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习被动语态课件，共26页。

被动语态(Passive vice)是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
比较主动和被动例：主动：We have studied English fr 3 years at the spare-time schl.被动：English has been studied by us fr 3 years at the spare-time schl.（“have”随新主语变为“has”）我们已经在学校里学了三年英语了。
一般用法1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词Our classrm is cleaned everyday.I am asked t study hard by my mther.Knives are used fr cutting things.
2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词The new shp was built last year.Dinsaur eggs were laid lng lng ag.
3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词This bk has been translated int many languages.Many man-made satellites have been sent up int space by many cuntries.
4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hspital will be built in ur city.Many mre trees will be planted next year.
5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Yung trees must be watered ften.Yur mistakes shuld be crrected right nw.The dr may be lcked inside.
6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike nw.My bike is being repaired by Tm nw.They are planting trees ver there.
7.不定式的被动语态：t + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are tw bks t be read. There are twenty mre trees t be planted.
不用情况1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear, die（死亡）,disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, standbreak ut, cme true, fall asleep, keep silence, lse heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained f my huse.
2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hld, marry, wn, wish, cst, ntice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer frm, happen t, take part in, walk int, belng tThis key just fits the lck.
3）系动词无被动语态（“keep”除外）：appear, be becme, fall, feel, get, grw, lk, remain, seem, smell, sund, stay, taste, turnIt sunds gd.
4）带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.
5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。（对）She likes t swim.（错）T swim is liked by her.
特殊用法1.不及物动词无被动语态。 如：happen, break dwn, cme will happen in 100 years.The dinsaurs disappeared abut 65 millin years ag.
2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如： write, sell, pen writes well.This new bk sells well.
3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略t的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“t”，但变为被动语态时，须加上“t”。例：make smebdy d smething→smebdy+ be +made t d smethingsee smebdy d smething→smebdy +be +seen t d smething
4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a bk.→A bk was given t me by him.He shwed me a ticket.→A ticket was shwn t me by him.
5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.He listens t the radi every day. →The radi is listened t by him every day.
被动语态的特殊结构形式1 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词+be+过去分词。The baby shuld be taken gd care f by the baby-sitter.
2 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。His mther gave him a present fr his birthday.可改为He was given a present by his mther fr his birthday.
3 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Smene caught the by smking a cigarette.可改为The by was caught smking a cigarette.
4 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, ntice, hear, feel, bserve等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式t要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加t。Smene saw a stranger walk int the building.可改为A stranger was seen t walk int the building.
5 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。The meeting is t be put ff till Friday.