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2022-2023学年北京市丰台区高二（上）期末英语试卷（含答案解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年北京市丰台区高二（上）期末英语试卷（含答案解析），共19页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年北京市丰台区高二（上）期末英语试卷
Every evening before my sister Becca and I went to sleep，we would take five minutes to have a dance(1).It was a (2) my dad helped to keep when we were little.
One day Becca and I were having a huge argument over which TV programme should be chosen.Our dad took us to the living room，" You two are going to (3)!No talking，only rhythmic movement to the music."He said with a smile.After the five- minute dancing，we were laughing so hard that neither of us remembered why we had been(4) .
Since that night，our dance party had become something that ended our(5) and cleared our silly misunderstandings.
Now it was the night before Becca moved across the country to (6) college.Becca and I sat with my parents at the dinner table as we had so many nights before.It was (7) to think this would be the last time we all ate together for a while.
Mom had made Becca's favorite meal，but Becca quickly ate her meal and asked to say bye to her classmates.Mom sighed and (8).I stared at the(9)chair and felt lost and lonely.
Some hours passed，and I was about to go to bed when (10) I heard a knock on my door." Julie，you didn 't seriously think I was going to (11) tomorrow without us dancing it out one more time，did you？"Becca asked.
I tried to fight the (12) from forming on my lips and threw a pillow at her happily.
I bathed in the bittersweet， (13)that these were the moments to cherish.Things would always be changing，and though I hated to think of my sister leaving，the fact that this last dance was as important to her as it was to me made the moment even more(14) .
I (15)the thought of Becca leaving tomorrow out of my head，and we danced.
1. A. party B. lesson C. competition D. test
2. A. diary B. secret C. tradition D. distance
3. A. fight B. watch C. sleep D. dance
4. A. angry B. happy C. close D. worried
5. A. activities B. arguments C. dreams D. relationships
6. A. afford B. finish C. attend D. visit
7. A. funny B. free C. sad D. normal
8. A. admitted B. agreed C. doubted D. trusted
9. A. cool B. beautiful C. comfortable D. empty
10. A. luckily B. quickly C. suddenly D. peacefully
11. A. continue B. develop C. quit D. leave
12. A. disease B. smile C. tears D. effect
13. A. realizing B. insisting C. announcing D. complaining
14. A. ordinary B. special C. popular D. similar
15. A. counted B. dropped C. read D. pushed
16.
A
Do you take music and art classes？These classes，which (1) （know）as arts education，allow students to learn new things in a creative way.Many people believe arts education (2) （ play） an important part in the lives of students.However，some schools cut music and art programs because these subjects aren't included in the college entrance examination.Different understandings about music and art can affect the future of arts education，so it's important (3) （ reflect） these understandings.
B
In recent years，we have seen melting ice caps and (4) （ rise） sea levels around the world.The number of deadly weather events has increased，such as hurricanes（飓风），wildfires and floods.Scientists say (5) has caused these new patterns is climate change.And they encourage everyone to produce less waste.Other (6) （ way） lowering your carbon footprint include walking
instead (7) driving，bringing reusable bags to the supermarket，and eating less meat.These actions have many benefits，including less air pollution andCO2 production.
C
Everyone has a sense of humor， (8) not everybody has a good sense of it.Psychologists are divided on whether humor is inborn or learnable.However，there is one thing that is accepted (9) （ wide） so far — the sense of humor is uniquely human.It is associated with happiness and courage.These are qualities (10) can be shared with other forms of life.But if happiness is one of the goals chased in life，then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C
I am Fionn Ferreira，an Irish teenager.Thank you judges for this honor and giving this award in my hand.I am very delighted to have won ﹩50，000 for my project.My project came about as I was constantly hearing about plastic pollution on the news.And I also see the real effects on our beaches every day.I discovered，to my shock，that at present no filtration（过滤） for microplastics takes place in any European wastewater treatment centers，so I set up my project and started looking for a solution.
Seeing that there was none，I decided to study further，finally finding a way to use the feerofluid（铁磁流体），a liquid which sticks to the plastic allowing it to be removed using magnets（磁体）.After over 1，000 tests I have proved that my method would remove 87% or higher of microplastics.
I grew up in West Cork，Ireland.My hometown is surrounded by untouched nature.This has been my first inspiration about how nature works.I soon discovered that science really was in everything.The fact that I lived in such a remote place meant that I had to build my own equipment and lab to do tests and experiments.
Inspired by scientists such as Ben Feringa and his work with organic chemistry and nanotechnology（纳米技术），I would like to study chemistry or chemical engineering when finishing my last year of secondary school.Both of these subjects will be suited to me as I really enjoy problem-solving and experiments.
One of the most valuable rewards from the science fair for me is the opportunity to present my work to a group of professional judges.Winning the prize is a great honor to me as this is a recognition of my project and ideas.
Also，the prize will give my project more attention.There is nothing I would like to see more than my project to be used in removing microplastics in our oceans worldwide.
17. Why did Fionn set up the project？ ______
A. To win the prize. B. To clean the air.
C. To remove microplastics. D. To build a wastewater center.
18. According to paragraph 3，what gave Fionn the creative ideas？ ______
A. The sandy beaches. B. The nature of his hometown.
C. The new technology. D. The results of his experiments.
19. According to the passage，which word can best describe Fionn？ ______
A. Honest. B. Determined. C. Fearless. D. Humorous.
20. This passage might be ______ .
A. a news report B. a science survey
C. a thanks-giving letter D. an awarding speech
D
Creative Learning
The National Gallery of Art provides the world's best high school programs at Art.These programs will help you develop your art skills and explore original works of art through a single specific theme.Find out what you are interested in and sign up.
School Studio Workshop Single museum visit，2.5 hours （Grades 7-12）
During these 2.5 hours visiting，students can have a deep touring about works of art with the help of National Gallery art teachers.Students may also discuss these beautiful works and share their opinions with the guide teacher.The most exciting part of this workshop is creating an art project in the studio.
Museum Maker Exploring Art and Museums，7 classes（Grades 10–12）
This program shows how museums operate and what they have to offer.It gives high school students the tools to experience，understand and draw art works.Students will learn more about how an art museum works.Students meet for seven Saturday classes from 10：00 am to 3：00pm.If students can attend all 7 classes on time，they will get final marks.
Creative Writing in the Gallery Groups work，90 minutes （Grades 11-12）
In this project，students can voice their thoughts while looking at artworks.They can write their feelings in different writing forms，like poetry，essay or description.Both individuals and groups are welcomed.Each session can accommodate（容纳）15 to 30 students.
Technologies in the Science Museum Fantastic technologies，4 hours （Grades 1-12）
Students can discover the original Science & Tech.In addition to an ever-changing item of exhibits，the museum also offers tons of interactive experiments on energy，health，insects，animals，and local scientific research.Younger visitors learn knowledge through hands-on experiments in mechanics，light，and sound.
21. What can you do at School Studio Workshop？ ______
A. Create an art project. B. Do some experiments.
C. Practise writing. D. Design museums.
22. How long will it take to finish the program of Museum Maker？ ______
A. 1.5 hours. B. 2.5 hours. C. 4 hours. D. 35 hours.
23. If your sister is interested in animals，which program can she join in？ ______
A. Technologies in the Science Museum.
B. School Studio Workshop.
C. Creative Writing in the Gallery.
D. Museum Maker.
24. What is the purpose of the passage？ ______
A. To describe a special school. B. To discuss education problems.
C. To introduce art programs. D. To share a visiting experience.
E
A high school soccer player leaps into the air，hits the ball with his head and directs it to a teammate.Amid today's growing awareness surrounding head injuries in sports，would wearing helmets protect the teen and prevent a possible concussion（脑震荡）？
Almost not.Two top doctors who specialize in sports injuries—Dr.James Robinson and Dr.Larry Lemak，founders of Lemak Sports Medicine，said that there was no good scientific evidence that helmets could reduce the rate of concussion.Both of them regarded proper training，not helmets，as the best concussion prevention for soccer players.
That doesn't mean there 's no need to worry about soccer concussions.For boys soccer，concussions accounted for 23 percent of all game injuries and 10 percent of all practice injuries，according to the study.For girls soccer，the study found concussions accounted for 36 percent of game injuries and 31 percent of practice injuries.
Knowing that，why isn't a helmet useful？Isn't some protection better than none at all？The doctors outlined several reasons helmets provide little protection.
First，wearing a helmet makes the head heavier.A heavier upper part may be more dangerous to the beginners.Secondly—and perhaps most importantly for girls，whose neck muscles are often weaker than boys—a helmet makes the head heavier.Imagine a top-heavy head，Robinson said，which increases the risk of falls.Since girls already face a heightened concussion risk，helmets could be especially dangerous for them.Lastly，wearing helmets often gives teens a false sense of security.When helmets were matedated（授权） in hockey，head injuries increased"because they felt unbeatable.""Sometimes the kids wearing helmets are more daring，"said Chad Harrelson，boys soccer coach at St.Paul's in Mobile，"because they think they have that added layer of protection."
Both coaches and doctors agree on three main ways to prevent soccer concussions.Firstly，learn proper rules and follow .Players who understand soccer's rules and behave themselves are less likely to put themselves in harm's way.Secondly，promote proper technique.It's important to have players know where other players are positioned.This reduces contact and can prevent head-to-head collisions or other dangerous situations.Thirdly，strengthen neck muscles which can protect both your necks and heads.
25. What can we learn from the words of two top doctors？ ______
A. High quality helmets are a wise choice.
B. Athletes need wear helmets.
C. Science is on the side of helmets.
D. Helmets provide little protection.
26. The data in paragraph 3 serves as an evidence to show ______ .
A. training is the best prevention
B. how girls players get injured
C. boys are more likely to be hurt in training
D. why concussion should be concerned about
27. What is paragraph 5 mainly about？ ______
A. Why helmets are useless. B. How helmets work.
C. What causes head injuries. D. Whom helmets are fit for.
28. What does the underlined word"norms"in the last paragraph mean？ ______
A. The early examples. B. The set standards.
C. The suggestions of the athletes. D. The ways of using helmets.
F
University educators largely think highly of the wonders of teaching through technology，but experts question whether something is lost when professors and lecturers rely too heavily on electronic media or when interaction with students takes place remotely—in cyberspace rather than the real space of the classroom.Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht，the Professor of Literature at Stanford University，is one such expert."I think this enthusiastic and sometimes childish and blind pushing toward the more technology the better，the more websites the better teacher，and so forth，is very dangerous—is，indeed，self-destructive，"he indicates.
However，Gumbrecht warns that there are few，if any，studies either supporting or disapproving the assumption that traditional ways of teaching are superior to teaching via the Internet.He says that he could point only to his"insight that real classroom presence should be kept，"and emphasizes the need for educators to examine critically where technology serves a useful pedagogical（教学法的） function and where it does not.
Yet，Gumbrecht allows that，for courses in which knowledge transmission（传递）is the sole purpose，electronic media probably can do the job well enough.Indeed，given the 20th century's knowledge explosion and the increasing costs of higher education，using technology as opposed to real-life teachers for the transmission of information is probably unavoidable，he admits.In any case，knowledge transmission should not be the core function of the university，he maintains，noting that universities should be places where people deal with open questions，places for"intellectual complexity"and"riskful thinking".
"We are not about finding or transmitting solutions；we are not about recipes；we are not about making intellectual life easy.Challenges with complexity are what expands your mind.It is something like intellectual gymnastics.And this is what makes you a suitable member of the society."
Moreover，discussions in the physical presence of others can lead to the intellectual innovation."There's a qualitative change，and you don't know how it happens.Discussions in the physical presence have the power of being the catalyst（催化剂） for such intellectual breakthroughs.The possibility of in-classroom teaching—of letting something happen which cannot happen if you teach by the transmission of information—is a strength."
29. What is Professor Gumbrecht's major concern about teaching？ ______
A. The systems of teaching through technology.
B. Students' overdependence on electronic media.
C. The trend towards the more technology the better.
D. Experts' questions on remote interaction with students.
30. Professor Gumbercht might agree that university education should ______ .
A. replace the real-life teachers for the increasing costs
B. facilitate solution transmission for the knowledge explosion
C. prepare students for a well-rounded life for society
D. help students establish core values
31. According to the passage，discussion in the physical presence of others can ______ .
A. reduce the intellectual complexity
B. be the catalyst for the qualitative changes
C. lead to swifter and stronger information transmission
D. combine traditional teaching ways well with technology
32. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？ ______
A. Cyberspace Interaction.
B. Traditional Teaching Has Its Place.
C. The Core Function Of The University.
D. Information Transmission Cannot Help You Survive.
33. Why are so many people afraid of failure？Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure can play a role as an experience that will lead to growth in our lives.We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail.
Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed.The trouble with failure-prevention methods is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world.Actually，the young need to learn that no one can be best at everything，no one can win all the time and that it's possible to enjoy a game even when we don't win.A child who's not invited to a birthday party，who doesn't make the honor roll on the baseball team，feels terrible，of course.But parents shouldn't offer a quick comfort，prize or say，"It doesn't matter，"because it does.The young should be allowed to experience disappointment—and be helped to master it.
Failure is never pleasant.It hurts grown-ups and children alike.But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it.Even a failure that seems total can stimulate（促进） fresh thinking or a change of direction.
After 12 years of studying ballet，a friend of mine went for a professional company.She was turned down."Would further training help？"she asked.The ballet master shook his head."You will never be a dancer"，he said，"You haven't the body for it."
In such cases，the way to use failure is to take stock of（估量） the situation courageously，asking， "What have I left？What else can I do？"My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy，a field where she's both able and useful.Failure frees one to take risks because there's less to lose.Often there is recovery of energy—a way to find new possibilities.
(1) What role does failure play in our lives？ ______
(2) What is the result of failure-prevention methods？ ______
(3) What positive contribution can a total failure make？ ______
(4) When the ballet master shook his head to the author's friend，what did she do？ ______
(5) What do you learn from the friend of the author？ ______
34. 参考阅读回答问题中的文章，结合自己的生活经历和感悟，写出一篇连贯完整的短文。
Why are so many people afraid of failure？Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure can play a role as an experience that will lead to growth in our lives.We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail.
Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed.The trouble with failure-prevention methods is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world.Actually，the young need to learn that no one can be best at everything，no one can win all the time and that it's possible to enjoy a game even when we don't win.A child who's not invited to a birthday party，who doesn't make the honor roll on the baseball team，feels terrible，of course.But parents shouldn't offer a quick comfort，prize or say，"It doesn't matter，"because it does.The young should be allowed to experience disappointment—and be helped to master it.
Failure is never pleasant.It hurts grown-ups and children alike.But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it.Even a failure that seems total can stimulate（促进） fresh thinking or a change of direction.
After 12 years of studying ballet，a friend of mine went for a professional company.She was turned down."Would further training help？"she asked.The ballet master shook his head."You will never be a dancer"，he said，"You haven't the body for it."
In such cases，the way to use failure is to take stock of（估量） the situation courageously，asking， "What have I left？What else can I do？"My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy，a field where she's both able and useful.Failure frees one to take risks because there's less to lose.Often there is recovery of energy—a way to find new possibilities.
注意：词数不少于60。
35. 假设你是李华，在英国West Middle School做交换生。学校网站正在征集主题为"Conservation"的文章。请你在网站上投稿，介绍自己环保理念和具体做法。主要内容包括：
（1）理念或观点；
（2）做法及其原因；
（3）倡议。
注意：词数不少于60。
答案和解析
1~15.【答案】A、C、D、A、B、C、C、B、D、C、D、B、A、B、B
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.party晚会；B.lesson课；C.competition比赛；D.test检测。根据后文Since that night，our dance party had become something that ended our（5）and cleared our silly misunderstandings.可知从那天晚上起，我们的舞会成了结束我们的争论和消除我们愚蠢的误解的一种方式。故答案为A。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.diary日记；B.secret秘密；C.tradition传统；D.distance距离。根据下句my dad helped to keep when we were little.可知这是我们小时候我爸爸帮忙保持的传统。故答案为C。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.fight打架；B.watch看；C.sleep睡觉；D.dance跳舞。根据下句After the five- minute dancing，we were laughing so hard that neither of us remembered why we had been（4）可知五分钟的舞蹈之后，我们笑得太厉害了，以至于我们都不记得为什么生气了。说明父亲建议我们跳舞。故答案为D。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.angry生气的；B.happy高兴的；C.close密切的；D.worried担心的。根据下句Since that night，our dance party had become something that ended our（5）and cleared our silly misunderstandings.可知从那天晚上起，我们的舞会成了结束我们的争论和消除我们愚蠢的误解的一种方式。说明五分钟的舞蹈之后，我们笑得太厉害了，以至于我们都不记得为什么生气了。故答案为A。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.activities活动；B.arguments争论；C.dreams梦想；D.relationships关系。根据前文One day Becca and I were having a huge argument over which TV programme should be chosen可知一天，我和贝卡就应该选择哪个电视节目大吵了一架。说明我们的舞会成了结束我们的争论和消除我们愚蠢的误解的一种方式。故答案为B。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.afford买得起；B.finish完成；C.attend参加；D.visit参观。根据空后college可知那是贝卡横跨全国去上大学的前一天晚上。故答案为C。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.funny有趣的；B.free自由的；C.sad伤心的；D.normal正常的。根据下句this would be the last time we all ate together for a while.可知这将是我们最后一次一起吃饭了。说明我非常伤心。故答案为C。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.admitted承认；B.agreed同意；C.doubted怀疑；D.trusted信任。根据常识和上句Becca quickly ate her meal and asked to say bye to her classmates可知贝卡很快吃完了饭，并要求和她的同学说再见，母亲同意了。故答案为B。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.cool凉爽的；B.beautiful漂亮的；C.comfortable舒服的；D.empty空的。根据下句and felt lost and lonely.可知我盯着空椅子，感到失落和孤独。故答案为D。
（10）考查副词及语境理解。A.luckily幸运地；B.quickly快速地；C.suddenly突然；D.peacefully和平地。几个小时过去了，我正要上床睡觉，突然听到有人敲门。故答案为C。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.continue继续；B.develop发展；C.quit放弃；D.leave离开。根据前文Now it was the night before Becca moved across the country to （6）college可知那是贝卡横跨全国去上大学的前一天晚上。说明她将要离开。故答案为D。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.disease疾病；B.smile微笑；C.tears眼泪；D.effect影响。根据下句threw a pillow at her happily.可知我试图阻止笑容在我的嘴唇上形成，并高兴地向她扔了一个枕头。故答案为B。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.realizing意识到；B.insisting坚持认为；C.announcing宣布；D.complaining抱怨。根据下句that these were the moments to cherish.可知我沐浴在苦乐参半中，意识到这些是值得珍惜的时刻。故答案为A。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.ordinary普通的；B.special特殊的；C.popular受欢迎的；D.similar相似的。根据上句the fact that this last dance was as important to her as it was to me可知事实上，这最后一支舞对她和对我一样重要，这使得这个时刻更加特别。故答案为B。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.counted数数；B.dropped丢掉；C.read读书；D.pushed推动。根据下句and we danced.可知我放弃了贝卡明天离开的想法，我们跳舞。故答案为B。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和姐姐经常跳舞，结束彼此的争论和愚蠢的误解。
完形填空题的命题趋势
解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
16.【答案】【小题1】are known
【小题2】plays
【小题3】to reflect
【小题4】rising
【小题5】what
【小题6】ways
【小题7】of
【小题8】but
【小题9】widely
【小题10】that/which
【解析】（1）考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：这些课程被称为艺术教育，允许学生以创造性的方式学习新事物。结合句意可知，此处表述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语which指代前文的classes，谓语动词用复数形式，且与know之间是被动关系，故填are known。
（2）考查时态及主谓一致。句意：许多人认为艺术教育在学生的生活中起着重要的作用。结合句意可知，此处表述客观事实，句子用一般现在时。主语为arts education，谓语动词用三单形式。故填plays。
（3）考查动词不定式。句意：对音乐和艺术的不同理解会影响艺术教育的未来，所以体现这些理解很重要。此处用it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to reflect。
（4）考查形容词。句意：近年来，我们看到世界各地的冰盖融化和海平面上升。此处用形容词作定语修饰sea levels，表示"不断上升的"。故填rising。
（5）考查主语从句。句意：科学家表示，造成这些新模式的原因是气候变化。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示"什么"，用what。故填what。
（6）考查可数名词的复数。句意：其他降低碳足迹的方法包括走路而不是开车，带环保袋去超市，少吃肉。way表示"方式"为可数名词，此处表示复数意义，故用名词的复数形式，故填ways。
（7）考查介词。句意：其他降低碳足迹的方法包括走路而不是开车，带环保袋去超市，少吃肉。分析句子，设空处表示"反而，而不是"用instead of。故填of。
（8）考查连词。句意：每个人都有幽默感，但不是每个人都有好的幽默感。结合句意可知，此处前后为转折关系。故填but。
（9）考查副词。句意：然而，到目前为止，有一件事是被广泛接受的--幽默感是人类独有的。此处用副词作状语修饰动词accepted，故填widely。
（10）考查定语从句。句意：这些品质可以与其他形式的生命共享。此处引导定语从句，先行词为qualities，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
A是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术教育的重要性。
B是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化导致冰雪融化，海平面上升等极端天气的出现。因此科学家们呼吁人们要采取行动，减少空气污染和二氧化碳的产生。
C是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幽默是人类所特有的，是幸福的关键。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
17~20.【答案】C、B、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段I discovered，to my shock，that at present no filtration （过滤） for microplastics takes place in any European wastewater treatment centers，so I set up my project and started looking for a solution.（令我震惊的是，我发现目前欧洲任何污水处理中心都没有对微塑料进行过滤，所以我开始寻找解决方案。）以及第二段Seeing that there was none，I decided to study further，finally finding a way to use the fberofluid（铁磁流体），a liquid which sticks to the plastic allowing it to be removed using magnets（磁体）.（没有看到解决方案，我决定进一步调查，最终找到了一种使用铁磁流体的方法，这种液体可以粘在塑料上，用磁铁将其移除。）可知，作者研究该项目的目的就是去除水中的微塑料。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段My hometown is surrounded by untouched nature.This has been my first inspiration about how nature works.（我的家乡被原始的自然环境包围着。这是我对大自然的第一次启发。）可知，是Fionn Ferreira家乡的原生态启发了他做出该项发明。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段I soon discovered that science really was in everything.The fact that I lived in such a remote place meant that I had to build my own equipment and lab to do tests and experiments.（我很快发现科学真的存在于一切事物中。事实上，我住在这样一个偏远的地方，这意味着我必须建造自己的设备和实验室来做测试和实验。）以及倒数第三段I would like to study chemistry or chemical engineering when finishing my last year of secondary school. （我想在中学最后一年学习化学或化学工程。）可知，虽然Fionn Ferreira家住偏远的地方，但是他下定决心要建造自己的设备和实验室，同时为了实验他还想在最后一年学习相关的化学和化学工程课程，由此体现出为了做出科学研究，他是意志坚定的。A.Honest诚实的；B.Determined意志坚定的；C.Fearless无所畏惧的；D.Humorous幽默的。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据第一段I am Fionn Ferreira，an Irish teenager.Thank you judges for this honor and giving this award in my hand.（我是菲昂•费雷拉，一名爱尔兰少年。感谢评委们给我这个荣誉，并把这个奖交到我手中。）以及最后一段Also，the prize will give my project more attention.There is nothing I would like to see more than my project to be used in removing microplastics in our oceans worldwide.（而且，这个奖会让我的项目得到更多的关注。我最希望看到的就是我的项目被用于清除全球海洋中的微塑料。）可知，本文可能是一份获奖感言。A.a news report一篇新闻报道；B.a science survey一份科学调查；C.a thanks-giving letter一封感谢信；D.an awarding speech一份获奖感言。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者Fionn Ferreira是一个科学比赛的获奖者。他介绍了自己使用铁磁流体从水中去除微塑料的实验项目及获奖的经历，表达了自己对科学的热爱。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
21~24.【答案】A、D、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据School Studio Workshop Single museum visit，2.5 hours （Grades 7-12）部分中的The most exciting part of this workshop is creating an art project in the studio.（这个工作坊最令人兴奋的部分是在工作室里创作一个艺术项目。）可知，学生在这个工作坊里可以创作艺术项目。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据Museum Maker Exploring Art and Museums，7 classes （Grades 10-12）部分中第二段Students meet for seven Saturday classes from 10：00 am to 3：00 pm. （周六上午10点到下午3点，学生们共上7节课。）可知，该活动每节课持续5个小时，7节课一共是35个小时。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据Technologies in the Science Museum Fantastic technologies部分中the museum also offers tons of interactive experiments on energy，health，insects，animals，and local scientific research.（博物馆还提供大量关于能源、健康、昆虫、动物和当地科学研究的互动实验。）可知，如果对读者的妹妹对动物感兴趣，可以来参加Technologies in the Science Museum该项活动。故选A。
（4）目的意图题。通读全文，文章介绍的是美国国家美术馆提供世界上最好的高中艺术项目，并对该项目的具体活动向读者进行介绍。故文章的目的是介绍艺术项目。故选C。
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍的是美国国家美术馆提供世界上最好的高中艺术项目。文章对该项目课程进行介绍。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
25~28.【答案】D、D、A、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Dr.James Robinson and Dr.Larry Lemak，founders of Lemak Sports Medicine，said that there was no good scientific evidence that helmets could reduce the rate of concussion.Both of them regarded proper training，not helmets，as the best concussion prevention for soccer players.（勒马克运动医学公司的创始人詹姆斯•罗宾逊和拉里•勒马克博士说，没有充分的科学证据表明头盔可以降低脑震荡的发生率。他们都认为，对足球运动员来说，预防脑震荡最好的方法是适当的训练，而不是头盔。）可知，两位顶级医生认为预防脑震荡最好的方法是适当的训练，而不是头盔。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段For boys soccer，concussions accounted for 23 percent of all game injuries and 10 percent of all practice injuries，according to the study.For girls soccer，the study found concussions accounted for 36 percent of game injuries and 31 percent of practice injuries.（根据这项研究，在男孩足球中，脑震荡占所有比赛受伤的 23%，占所有练习受伤的10%。研究发现，在女子足球中，脑震荡占比赛受伤的36%，练习受伤的31%。）可知，本段使用数据说明脑震荡在足球运动中已经成为一个普遍的问题，由此需要引起注意。故这些数字解释了为什么脑震荡是应该被关心的。故选D。
（3）段落大意题。根据第四段中Knowing that，why isn't a helmet useful？Isn't some protection better than none at all？The doctors outlined several reasons helmets provide little protection.（既然如此，为什么头盔没有用呢？有保护不是比没有强吗？医生们概述了头盔保护作用不大的几个原因。）可知，第五段是对头盔保护作用不大的原因进行解释。故选A。
（4）词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容learn proper rules （学习适当的规则）以及划线词后的内容Players who understand soccer's rules and behave themselves are less likely to put themselves in harm's way. （懂得足球规则、守规矩的球员不太可能把自己置于危险之中。）可知，此处强调的是预防脑震荡的主要方法之一是要学习适当的规则，守规矩则可以避免足球运动员脑震荡即遵守设定的标准和规范。故划线词与B选项为同义词。A.The early examples.早期的例子；B.The set standards.设定的标准；C.The suggestions of the athletes.运动员的建议；D.The ways of using helmets.头盔的使用方法。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项科学事实：预防脑震荡最好的方法是适当的训练，而不是头盔。同时文章针对防止脑震荡提出了相关建议。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
29~32.【答案】B、C、B、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段"I think this enthusiastic and sometimes childish and blind pushing toward the more technology the better，the more websites the better teacher，and so forth，is very dangerous — is，indeed，self-destructive，" he indicates.（"我认为这种狂热的、有时幼稚的、盲目的追求技术越多越好，网站越多老师越好等等，是非常危险的——实际上是自毁的，"他指出）可知，Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht关心的问题是学生对电子媒体教学技术的过度依赖。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中In any case，knowledge transmission should not be the core function of the university he maintains，noting that universities should be places where people deal with open questions，places for "intellectual complexity" and "riskfill thinking".（在任何情况下，知识传播都不应该是大学的核心功能，他指出，大学应该是人们处理开放性问题的地方，是"智力复杂性"和"充满风险的思维"的地方）以及第四段中Challenges with complexity are what expands your mind.It is something like intellectual gymnastics.And this is what makes you a suitable member of the society.（复杂的挑战能拓展你的思维。这有点像智力体操。这就是让你成为这个社会合适成员的原因）可推知，Gumbercht教授可能同意大学教育应该让学生为社会的全面生活做好准备。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Discussions in the physical presence have the power of being the catalyst （催化剂） for such intellectual breakthroughs.（现场讨论能成为智力突破的催化剂）可知，根据文章所述，在他人在场的情况下进行讨论可以成为质变的催化剂。故选B项。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章开头University educators largely think highly of the wonders of teaching through technology，but experts question whether something is lost when professors and lecturers rely too heavily on electronic media or when interaction with students takes place remotely — in cyberspace rather than the real space of the classroom. （大学的教育者们高度评价通过科技所带来的教学奇迹，但是有怀疑者提出质疑，当教授和讲课过度依赖电子媒体，或者和学生的互动是通过网络而不是真实的教室空间远距离发生时，是否失去了某些东西）以及文章结尾谈到教室内教学的优势The possibility of in-classroom teaching — of letting something happen which cannot happen if you teach by the transmission of information — is a strength （课堂教学的可能性——通过传递信息的方式进行教学，可以让一些不可能发生的事情发生——是一种优势）可知，文章主要讲述网络教学虽然是可以带来教学奇迹，但是过度的依赖网络教学其实是在毁灭学生们，而传统教学依旧具有它的优势，如和别人现场讨论可以产生一定的智力突破的能力。由此可知，B选项"Traditional Teaching Has Its Place（传统教学有它的一席之地）"适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网络教学引起了质疑。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
33.【答案】【小题1】Failure plays a role as an experience that will lead to growth in our lives.
【小题2】The result is that those failure-prevention methods leave a child unequipped for life in the real world.
【小题3】It can stimulate fresh thinking or a change of direction.
【小题4】She put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy.
【小题5】Failure is not terrible，so we should find strength from failure and find more possibilities.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文第一段中的Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure can play a role as an experience that will lead to growth in our lives. （很简单，因为没有人告诉我们如何失败，这样失败就会成为一种经历，让我们在生活中成长。）可知失败是一种经历，它会引导我们在生活中成长。故答案为：Failure plays a role as an experience that will lead to growth in our lives。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第二段中的Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed.The trouble with failure-prevention methods is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world.（大多数父母努力工作，要么防止失败，要么保护孩子不让他们知道自己失败了。失败预防方法的问题在于，它们让孩子无法适应现实世界的生活。）可知失败预防方法最终会导致孩子们无法适应现实世界的生活。故答案为：The result is that those failure-prevention methods leave a child unequipped for life in the real world。
（3）细节理解题。由本文第三段中的But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it.Even a failure that seems total can stimulate（促进） fresh thinking or a change of direction.（但一旦你学会使用它，它就会对你的生活做出积极的贡献。即使是一次看似彻底的失败也能激发新的思考或改变方向。）可知失败的积极作用是能激发新的思考或改变方向。故答案为：It can stimulate fresh thinking or a change of direction。
（4）细节理解题。由本文最后一段中的My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy，a field where she's both able and useful.（我的朋友把她的舞蹈鞋收起来，开始了舞蹈治疗，这是一个她既能干又有用的领域。）可知，当芭蕾舞大师拒绝了作者的朋友的时候，作者的朋友把她的舞蹈鞋收起来，开始了新的领域---舞蹈治疗。故答案为：She put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy。
（5）开放问答题。本题为开放性试题，答案合理即可。通读讲述了作者的朋友虽然被舞蹈大师拒绝了，但是该朋友并未放弃，而是从失败中找到了力量并且寻找了各种其他的可能性。故答案为：Failure is not terrible，so should find strength from failure and find more possibilities。
本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了虽然失败给人们带来痛苦，但是它也可以给人带来积极的作用。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
34.【答案】Failure plays a role as an experience that will lead to growth in our lives.【高分句型一】（失败的作用）The result is that those failure-prevention methods leave a child unequipped for life in the real world.（失败的结果）It can stimulate fresh thinking or a change of direction.（失败带来的好处）Failure is not terrible，so we should find strength from failure and find more possibilities.【高分句型二】（失败不可怕）
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了虽然失败给人们带来痛苦，但是它也可以给人带来积极的作用。
高分句型一：Failure plays a role as an experience that will lead to growth in our lives.
译文：失败是一种经历，它将导致我们的生活成长。
分析：这句话使用了that引导的定语从句。
高分句型二：Failure is not terrible，so we should find strength from failure and find more possibilities.
译文：失败并不可怕，所以我们应该从失败中找到力量，找到更多的可能性。
分析：这句话使用了so引导的结果状语从句。
概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
35.【答案】Dear editor，
I am Li Hua，an exchange student from China.I would like to share my environmental protection ideas and specific practices with you.（理念或观点）
As we all know，everyone uses a lot of paper every day，which means cutting down a lot of trees every year.【高分句型一】Therefore，I think we should save paper at ordinary times.The easiest way to do this is to fold a piece of paper whose both sides are used up，pack it up，and send it to a paper mill for recycling.（做法及其原因）
That's how I save paper.【高分句型二】I hope everyone can start from the little things around to love and protect our home. （倡议）
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：As we all know，everyone uses a lot of paper every day，which means cutting down a lot of trees every year.
译文：众所周知，每个人每天都使用大量纸张，这意味着每年都要砍伐大量树木。
分析：这句话使用了as引导的非限制性定语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：That's how I save paper.
译文：这就是我节省纸张的方式。
分析：这句话使用了how引导的表语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
2022-2023学年北京市丰台区高二（上）期末英语试卷
Every evening before my sister Becca and I went to sleep，we would take five minutes to have a dance(1).It was a (2) my dad helped to keep when we were little.
One day Becca and I were having a huge argument over which TV programme should be chosen.Our dad took us to the living room，" You two are going to (3)!No talking，only rhythmic movement to the music."He said with a smile.After the five- minute dancing，we were laughing so hard that neither of us remembered why we had been(4) .
Since that night，our dance party had become something that ended our(5) and cleared our silly misunderstandings.
Now it was the night before Becca moved across the country to (6) college.Becca and I sat with my parents at the dinner table as we had so many nights before.It was (7) to think this would be the last time we all ate together for a while.
Mom had made Becca's favorite meal，but Becca quickly ate her meal and asked to say bye to her classmates.Mom sighed and (8).I stared at the(9)chair and felt lost and lonely.
Some hours passed，and I was about to go to bed when (10) I heard a knock on my door." Julie，you didn 't seriously think I was going to (11) tomorrow without us dancing it out one more time，did you？"Becca asked.
I tried to fight the (12) from forming on my lips and threw a pillow at her happily.
I bathed in the bittersweet， (13)that these were the moments to cherish.Things would always be changing，and though I hated to think of my sister leaving，the fact that this last dance was as important to her as it was to me made the moment even more(14) .
I (15)the thought of Becca leaving tomorrow out of my head，and we danced.
1. A. party B. lesson C. competition D. test
2. A. diary B. secret C. tradition D. distance
3. A. fight B. watch C. sleep D. dance
4. A. angry B. happy C. close D. worried
5. A. activities B. arguments C. dreams D. relationships
6. A. afford B. finish C. attend D. visit
7. A. funny B. free C. sad D. normal
8. A. admitted B. agreed C. doubted D. trusted
9. A. cool B. beautiful C. comfortable D. empty
10. A. luckily B. quickly C. suddenly D. peacefully
11. A. continue B. develop C. quit D. leave
12. A. disease B. smile C. tears D. effect
13. A. realizing B. insisting C. announcing D. complaining
14. A. ordinary B. special C. popular D. similar
15. A. counted B. dropped C. read D. pushed
16.
A
Do you take music and art classes？These classes，which (1) （know）as arts education，allow students to learn new things in a creative way.Many people believe arts education (2) （ play） an important part in the lives of students.However，some schools cut music and art programs because these subjects aren't included in the college entrance examination.Different understandings about music and art can affect the future of arts education，so it's important (3) （ reflect） these understandings.
B
In recent years，we have seen melting ice caps and (4) （ rise） sea levels around the world.The number of deadly weather events has increased，such as hurricanes（飓风），wildfires and floods.Scientists say (5) has caused these new patterns is climate change.And they encourage everyone to produce less waste.Other (6) （ way） lowering your carbon footprint include walking
instead (7) driving，bringing reusable bags to the supermarket，and eating less meat.These actions have many benefits，including less air pollution andCO2 production.
C
Everyone has a sense of humor， (8) not everybody has a good sense of it.Psychologists are divided on whether humor is inborn or learnable.However，there is one thing that is accepted (9) （ wide） so far — the sense of humor is uniquely human.It is associated with happiness and courage.These are qualities (10) can be shared with other forms of life.But if happiness is one of the goals chased in life，then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C
I am Fionn Ferreira，an Irish teenager.Thank you judges for this honor and giving this award in my hand.I am very delighted to have won ﹩50，000 for my project.My project came about as I was constantly hearing about plastic pollution on the news.And I also see the real effects on our beaches every day.I discovered，to my shock，that at present no filtration（过滤） for microplastics takes place in any European wastewater treatment centers，so I set up my project and started looking for a solution.
Seeing that there was none，I decided to study further，finally finding a way to use the feerofluid（铁磁流体），a liquid which sticks to the plastic allowing it to be removed using magnets（磁体）.After over 1，000 tests I have proved that my method would remove 87% or higher of microplastics.
I grew up in West Cork，Ireland.My hometown is surrounded by untouched nature.This has been my first inspiration about how nature works.I soon discovered that science really was in everything.The fact that I lived in such a remote place meant that I had to build my own equipment and lab to do tests and experiments.
Inspired by scientists such as Ben Feringa and his work with organic chemistry and nanotechnology（纳米技术），I would like to study chemistry or chemical engineering when finishing my last year of secondary school.Both of these subjects will be suited to me as I really enjoy problem-solving and experiments.
One of the most valuable rewards from the science fair for me is the opportunity to present my work to a group of professional judges.Winning the prize is a great honor to me as this is a recognition of my project and ideas.
Also，the prize will give my project more attention.There is nothing I would like to see more than my project to be used in removing microplastics in our oceans worldwide.
17. Why did Fionn set up the project？ ______
A. To win the prize. B. To clean the air.
C. To remove microplastics. D. To build a wastewater center.
18. According to paragraph 3，what gave Fionn the creative ideas？ ______
A. The sandy beaches. B. The nature of his hometown.
C. The new technology. D. The results of his experiments.
19. According to the passage，which word can best describe Fionn？ ______
A. Honest. B. Determined. C. Fearless. D. Humorous.
20. This passage might be ______ .
A. a news report B. a science survey
C. a thanks-giving letter D. an awarding speech
D
Creative Learning
The National Gallery of Art provides the world's best high school programs at Art.These programs will help you develop your art skills and explore original works of art through a single specific theme.Find out what you are interested in and sign up.
School Studio Workshop Single museum visit，2.5 hours （Grades 7-12）
During these 2.5 hours visiting，students can have a deep touring about works of art with the help of National Gallery art teachers.Students may also discuss these beautiful works and share their opinions with the guide teacher.The most exciting part of this workshop is creating an art project in the studio.
Museum Maker Exploring Art and Museums，7 classes（Grades 10–12）
This program shows how museums operate and what they have to offer.It gives high school students the tools to experience，understand and draw art works.Students will learn more about how an art museum works.Students meet for seven Saturday classes from 10：00 am to 3：00pm.If students can attend all 7 classes on time，they will get final marks.
Creative Writing in the Gallery Groups work，90 minutes （Grades 11-12）
In this project，students can voice their thoughts while looking at artworks.They can write their feelings in different writing forms，like poetry，essay or description.Both individuals and groups are welcomed.Each session can accommodate（容纳）15 to 30 students.
Technologies in the Science Museum Fantastic technologies，4 hours （Grades 1-12）
Students can discover the original Science & Tech.In addition to an ever-changing item of exhibits，the museum also offers tons of interactive experiments on energy，health，insects，animals，and local scientific research.Younger visitors learn knowledge through hands-on experiments in mechanics，light，and sound.
21. What can you do at School Studio Workshop？ ______
A. Create an art project. B. Do some experiments.
C. Practise writing. D. Design museums.
22. How long will it take to finish the program of Museum Maker？ ______
A. 1.5 hours. B. 2.5 hours. C. 4 hours. D. 35 hours.
23. If your sister is interested in animals，which program can she join in？ ______
A. Technologies in the Science Museum.
B. School Studio Workshop.
C. Creative Writing in the Gallery.
D. Museum Maker.
24. What is the purpose of the passage？ ______
A. To describe a special school. B. To discuss education problems.
C. To introduce art programs. D. To share a visiting experience.
E
A high school soccer player leaps into the air，hits the ball with his head and directs it to a teammate.Amid today's growing awareness surrounding head injuries in sports，would wearing helmets protect the teen and prevent a possible concussion（脑震荡）？
Almost not.Two top doctors who specialize in sports injuries—Dr.James Robinson and Dr.Larry Lemak，founders of Lemak Sports Medicine，said that there was no good scientific evidence that helmets could reduce the rate of concussion.Both of them regarded proper training，not helmets，as the best concussion prevention for soccer players.
That doesn't mean there 's no need to worry about soccer concussions.For boys soccer，concussions accounted for 23 percent of all game injuries and 10 percent of all practice injuries，according to the study.For girls soccer，the study found concussions accounted for 36 percent of game injuries and 31 percent of practice injuries.
Knowing that，why isn't a helmet useful？Isn't some protection better than none at all？The doctors outlined several reasons helmets provide little protection.
First，wearing a helmet makes the head heavier.A heavier upper part may be more dangerous to the beginners.Secondly—and perhaps most importantly for girls，whose neck muscles are often weaker than boys—a helmet makes the head heavier.Imagine a top-heavy head，Robinson said，which increases the risk of falls.Since girls already face a heightened concussion risk，helmets could be especially dangerous for them.Lastly，wearing helmets often gives teens a false sense of security.When helmets were matedated（授权） in hockey，head injuries increased"because they felt unbeatable.""Sometimes the kids wearing helmets are more daring，"said Chad Harrelson，boys soccer coach at St.Paul's in Mobile，"because they think they have that added layer of protection."
Both coaches and doctors agree on three main ways to prevent soccer concussions.Firstly，learn proper rules and follow .Players who understand soccer's rules and behave themselves are less likely to put themselves in harm's way.Secondly，promote proper technique.It's important to have players know where other players are positioned.This reduces contact and can prevent head-to-head collisions or other dangerous situations.Thirdly，strengthen neck muscles which can protect both your necks and heads.
25. What can we learn from the words of two top doctors？ ______
A. High quality helmets are a wise choice.
B. Athletes need wear helmets.
C. Science is on the side of helmets.
D. Helmets provide little protection.
26. The data in paragraph 3 serves as an evidence to show ______ .
A. training is the best prevention
B. how girls players get injured
C. boys are more likely to be hurt in training
D. why concussion should be concerned about
27. What is paragraph 5 mainly about？ ______
A. Why helmets are useless. B. How helmets work.
C. What causes head injuries. D. Whom helmets are fit for.
28. What does the underlined word"norms"in the last paragraph mean？ ______
A. The early examples. B. The set standards.
C. The suggestions of the athletes. D. The ways of using helmets.
F
University educators largely think highly of the wonders of teaching through technology，but experts question whether something is lost when professors and lecturers rely too heavily on electronic media or when interaction with students takes place remotely—in cyberspace rather than the real space of the classroom.Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht，the Professor of Literature at Stanford University，is one such expert."I think this enthusiastic and sometimes childish and blind pushing toward the more technology the better，the more websites the better teacher，and so forth，is very dangerous—is，indeed，self-destructive，"he indicates.
However，Gumbrecht warns that there are few，if any，studies either supporting or disapproving the assumption that traditional ways of teaching are superior to teaching via the Internet.He says that he could point only to his"insight that real classroom presence should be kept，"and emphasizes the need for educators to examine critically where technology serves a useful pedagogical（教学法的） function and where it does not.
Yet，Gumbrecht allows that，for courses in which knowledge transmission（传递）is the sole purpose，electronic media probably can do the job well enough.Indeed，given the 20th century's knowledge explosion and the increasing costs of higher education，using technology as opposed to real-life teachers for the transmission of information is probably unavoidable，he admits.In any case，knowledge transmission should not be the core function of the university，he maintains，noting that universities should be places where people deal with open questions，places for"intellectual complexity"and"riskful thinking".
"We are not about finding or transmitting solutions；we are not about recipes；we are not about making intellectual life easy.Challenges with complexity are what expands your mind.It is something like intellectual gymnastics.And this is what makes you a suitable member of the society."
Moreover，discussions in the physical presence of others can lead to the intellectual innovation."There's a qualitative change，and you don't know how it happens.Discussions in the physical presence have the power of being the catalyst（催化剂） for such intellectual breakthroughs.The possibility of in-classroom teaching—of letting something happen which cannot happen if you teach by the transmission of information—is a strength."
29. What is Professor Gumbrecht's major concern about teaching？ ______
A. The systems of teaching through technology.
B. Students' overdependence on electronic media.
C. The trend towards the more technology the better.
D. Experts' questions on remote interaction with students.
30. Professor Gumbercht might agree that university education should ______ .
A. replace the real-life teachers for the increasing costs
B. facilitate solution transmission for the knowledge explosion
C. prepare students for a well-rounded life for society
D. help students establish core values
31. According to the passage，discussion in the physical presence of others can ______ .
A. reduce the intellectual complexity
B. be the catalyst for the qualitative changes
C. lead to swifter and stronger information transmission
D. combine traditional teaching ways well with technology
32. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？ ______
A. Cyberspace Interaction.
B. Traditional Teaching Has Its Place.
C. The Core Function Of The University.
D. Information Transmission Cannot Help You Survive.
33. Why are so many people afraid of failure？Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure can play a role as an experience that will lead to growth in our lives.We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail.
Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed.The trouble with failure-prevention methods is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world.Actually，the young need to learn that no one can be best at everything，no one can win all the time and that it's possible to enjoy a game even when we don't win.A child who's not invited to a birthday party，who doesn't make the honor roll on the baseball team，feels terrible，of course.But parents shouldn't offer a quick comfort，prize or say，"It doesn't matter，"because it does.The young should be allowed to experience disappointment—and be helped to master it.
Failure is never pleasant.It hurts grown-ups and children alike.But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it.Even a failure that seems total can stimulate（促进） fresh thinking or a change of direction.
After 12 years of studying ballet，a friend of mine went for a professional company.She was turned down."Would further training help？"she asked.The ballet master shook his head."You will never be a dancer"，he said，"You haven't the body for it."
In such cases，the way to use failure is to take stock of（估量） the situation courageously，asking， "What have I left？What else can I do？"My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy，a field where she's both able and useful.Failure frees one to take risks because there's less to lose.Often there is recovery of energy—a way to find new possibilities.
(1) What role does failure play in our lives？ ______
(2) What is the result of failure-prevention methods？ ______
(3) What positive contribution can a total failure make？ ______
(4) When the ballet master shook his head to the author's friend，what did she do？ ______
(5) What do you learn from the friend of the author？ ______
34. 参考阅读回答问题中的文章，结合自己的生活经历和感悟，写出一篇连贯完整的短文。
Why are so many people afraid of failure？Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure can play a role as an experience that will lead to growth in our lives.We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail.
Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed.The trouble with failure-prevention methods is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world.Actually，the young need to learn that no one can be best at everything，no one can win all the time and that it's possible to enjoy a game even when we don't win.A child who's not invited to a birthday party，who doesn't make the honor roll on the baseball team，feels terrible，of course.But parents shouldn't offer a quick comfort，prize or say，"It doesn't matter，"because it does.The young should be allowed to experience disappointment—and be helped to master it.
Failure is never pleasant.It hurts grown-ups and children alike.But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it.Even a failure that seems total can stimulate（促进） fresh thinking or a change of direction.
After 12 years of studying ballet，a friend of mine went for a professional company.She was turned down."Would further training help？"she asked.The ballet master shook his head."You will never be a dancer"，he said，"You haven't the body for it."
In such cases，the way to use failure is to take stock of（估量） the situation courageously，asking， "What have I left？What else can I do？"My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy，a field where she's both able and useful.Failure frees one to take risks because there's less to lose.Often there is recovery of energy—a way to find new possibilities.
注意：词数不少于60。
35. 假设你是李华，在英国West Middle School做交换生。学校网站正在征集主题为"Conservation"的文章。请你在网站上投稿，介绍自己环保理念和具体做法。主要内容包括：
（1）理念或观点；
（2）做法及其原因；
（3）倡议。
注意：词数不少于60。
答案和解析
1~15.【答案】A、C、D、A、B、C、C、B、D、C、D、B、A、B、B
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.party晚会；B.lesson课；C.competition比赛；D.test检测。根据后文Since that night，our dance party had become something that ended our（5）and cleared our silly misunderstandings.可知从那天晚上起，我们的舞会成了结束我们的争论和消除我们愚蠢的误解的一种方式。故答案为A。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.diary日记；B.secret秘密；C.tradition传统；D.distance距离。根据下句my dad helped to keep when we were little.可知这是我们小时候我爸爸帮忙保持的传统。故答案为C。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.fight打架；B.watch看；C.sleep睡觉；D.dance跳舞。根据下句After the five- minute dancing，we were laughing so hard that neither of us remembered why we had been（4）可知五分钟的舞蹈之后，我们笑得太厉害了，以至于我们都不记得为什么生气了。说明父亲建议我们跳舞。故答案为D。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.angry生气的；B.happy高兴的；C.close密切的；D.worried担心的。根据下句Since that night，our dance party had become something that ended our（5）and cleared our silly misunderstandings.可知从那天晚上起，我们的舞会成了结束我们的争论和消除我们愚蠢的误解的一种方式。说明五分钟的舞蹈之后，我们笑得太厉害了，以至于我们都不记得为什么生气了。故答案为A。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.activities活动；B.arguments争论；C.dreams梦想；D.relationships关系。根据前文One day Becca and I were having a huge argument over which TV programme should be chosen可知一天，我和贝卡就应该选择哪个电视节目大吵了一架。说明我们的舞会成了结束我们的争论和消除我们愚蠢的误解的一种方式。故答案为B。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.afford买得起；B.finish完成；C.attend参加；D.visit参观。根据空后college可知那是贝卡横跨全国去上大学的前一天晚上。故答案为C。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.funny有趣的；B.free自由的；C.sad伤心的；D.normal正常的。根据下句this would be the last time we all ate together for a while.可知这将是我们最后一次一起吃饭了。说明我非常伤心。故答案为C。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.admitted承认；B.agreed同意；C.doubted怀疑；D.trusted信任。根据常识和上句Becca quickly ate her meal and asked to say bye to her classmates可知贝卡很快吃完了饭，并要求和她的同学说再见，母亲同意了。故答案为B。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.cool凉爽的；B.beautiful漂亮的；C.comfortable舒服的；D.empty空的。根据下句and felt lost and lonely.可知我盯着空椅子，感到失落和孤独。故答案为D。
（10）考查副词及语境理解。A.luckily幸运地；B.quickly快速地；C.suddenly突然；D.peacefully和平地。几个小时过去了，我正要上床睡觉，突然听到有人敲门。故答案为C。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.continue继续；B.develop发展；C.quit放弃；D.leave离开。根据前文Now it was the night before Becca moved across the country to （6）college可知那是贝卡横跨全国去上大学的前一天晚上。说明她将要离开。故答案为D。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.disease疾病；B.smile微笑；C.tears眼泪；D.effect影响。根据下句threw a pillow at her happily.可知我试图阻止笑容在我的嘴唇上形成，并高兴地向她扔了一个枕头。故答案为B。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.realizing意识到；B.insisting坚持认为；C.announcing宣布；D.complaining抱怨。根据下句that these were the moments to cherish.可知我沐浴在苦乐参半中，意识到这些是值得珍惜的时刻。故答案为A。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.ordinary普通的；B.special特殊的；C.popular受欢迎的；D.similar相似的。根据上句the fact that this last dance was as important to her as it was to me可知事实上，这最后一支舞对她和对我一样重要，这使得这个时刻更加特别。故答案为B。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.counted数数；B.dropped丢掉；C.read读书；D.pushed推动。根据下句and we danced.可知我放弃了贝卡明天离开的想法，我们跳舞。故答案为B。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和姐姐经常跳舞，结束彼此的争论和愚蠢的误解。
完形填空题的命题趋势
解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
16.【答案】【小题1】are known
【小题2】plays
【小题3】to reflect
【小题4】rising
【小题5】what
【小题6】ways
【小题7】of
【小题8】but
【小题9】widely
【小题10】that/which
【解析】（1）考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：这些课程被称为艺术教育，允许学生以创造性的方式学习新事物。结合句意可知，此处表述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语which指代前文的classes，谓语动词用复数形式，且与know之间是被动关系，故填are known。
（2）考查时态及主谓一致。句意：许多人认为艺术教育在学生的生活中起着重要的作用。结合句意可知，此处表述客观事实，句子用一般现在时。主语为arts education，谓语动词用三单形式。故填plays。
（3）考查动词不定式。句意：对音乐和艺术的不同理解会影响艺术教育的未来，所以体现这些理解很重要。此处用it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to reflect。
（4）考查形容词。句意：近年来，我们看到世界各地的冰盖融化和海平面上升。此处用形容词作定语修饰sea levels，表示"不断上升的"。故填rising。
（5）考查主语从句。句意：科学家表示，造成这些新模式的原因是气候变化。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示"什么"，用what。故填what。
（6）考查可数名词的复数。句意：其他降低碳足迹的方法包括走路而不是开车，带环保袋去超市，少吃肉。way表示"方式"为可数名词，此处表示复数意义，故用名词的复数形式，故填ways。
（7）考查介词。句意：其他降低碳足迹的方法包括走路而不是开车，带环保袋去超市，少吃肉。分析句子，设空处表示"反而，而不是"用instead of。故填of。
（8）考查连词。句意：每个人都有幽默感，但不是每个人都有好的幽默感。结合句意可知，此处前后为转折关系。故填but。
（9）考查副词。句意：然而，到目前为止，有一件事是被广泛接受的--幽默感是人类独有的。此处用副词作状语修饰动词accepted，故填widely。
（10）考查定语从句。句意：这些品质可以与其他形式的生命共享。此处引导定语从句，先行词为qualities，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
A是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术教育的重要性。
B是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化导致冰雪融化，海平面上升等极端天气的出现。因此科学家们呼吁人们要采取行动，减少空气污染和二氧化碳的产生。
C是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幽默是人类所特有的，是幸福的关键。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
17~20.【答案】C、B、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段I discovered，to my shock，that at present no filtration （过滤） for microplastics takes place in any European wastewater treatment centers，so I set up my project and started looking for a solution.（令我震惊的是，我发现目前欧洲任何污水处理中心都没有对微塑料进行过滤，所以我开始寻找解决方案。）以及第二段Seeing that there was none，I decided to study further，finally finding a way to use the fberofluid（铁磁流体），a liquid which sticks to the plastic allowing it to be removed using magnets（磁体）.（没有看到解决方案，我决定进一步调查，最终找到了一种使用铁磁流体的方法，这种液体可以粘在塑料上，用磁铁将其移除。）可知，作者研究该项目的目的就是去除水中的微塑料。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段My hometown is surrounded by untouched nature.This has been my first inspiration about how nature works.（我的家乡被原始的自然环境包围着。这是我对大自然的第一次启发。）可知，是Fionn Ferreira家乡的原生态启发了他做出该项发明。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段I soon discovered that science really was in everything.The fact that I lived in such a remote place meant that I had to build my own equipment and lab to do tests and experiments.（我很快发现科学真的存在于一切事物中。事实上，我住在这样一个偏远的地方，这意味着我必须建造自己的设备和实验室来做测试和实验。）以及倒数第三段I would like to study chemistry or chemical engineering when finishing my last year of secondary school. （我想在中学最后一年学习化学或化学工程。）可知，虽然Fionn Ferreira家住偏远的地方，但是他下定决心要建造自己的设备和实验室，同时为了实验他还想在最后一年学习相关的化学和化学工程课程，由此体现出为了做出科学研究，他是意志坚定的。A.Honest诚实的；B.Determined意志坚定的；C.Fearless无所畏惧的；D.Humorous幽默的。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据第一段I am Fionn Ferreira，an Irish teenager.Thank you judges for this honor and giving this award in my hand.（我是菲昂•费雷拉，一名爱尔兰少年。感谢评委们给我这个荣誉，并把这个奖交到我手中。）以及最后一段Also，the prize will give my project more attention.There is nothing I would like to see more than my project to be used in removing microplastics in our oceans worldwide.（而且，这个奖会让我的项目得到更多的关注。我最希望看到的就是我的项目被用于清除全球海洋中的微塑料。）可知，本文可能是一份获奖感言。A.a news report一篇新闻报道；B.a science survey一份科学调查；C.a thanks-giving letter一封感谢信；D.an awarding speech一份获奖感言。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者Fionn Ferreira是一个科学比赛的获奖者。他介绍了自己使用铁磁流体从水中去除微塑料的实验项目及获奖的经历，表达了自己对科学的热爱。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
21~24.【答案】A、D、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据School Studio Workshop Single museum visit，2.5 hours （Grades 7-12）部分中的The most exciting part of this workshop is creating an art project in the studio.（这个工作坊最令人兴奋的部分是在工作室里创作一个艺术项目。）可知，学生在这个工作坊里可以创作艺术项目。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据Museum Maker Exploring Art and Museums，7 classes （Grades 10-12）部分中第二段Students meet for seven Saturday classes from 10：00 am to 3：00 pm. （周六上午10点到下午3点，学生们共上7节课。）可知，该活动每节课持续5个小时，7节课一共是35个小时。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据Technologies in the Science Museum Fantastic technologies部分中the museum also offers tons of interactive experiments on energy，health，insects，animals，and local scientific research.（博物馆还提供大量关于能源、健康、昆虫、动物和当地科学研究的互动实验。）可知，如果对读者的妹妹对动物感兴趣，可以来参加Technologies in the Science Museum该项活动。故选A。
（4）目的意图题。通读全文，文章介绍的是美国国家美术馆提供世界上最好的高中艺术项目，并对该项目的具体活动向读者进行介绍。故文章的目的是介绍艺术项目。故选C。
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍的是美国国家美术馆提供世界上最好的高中艺术项目。文章对该项目课程进行介绍。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
25~28.【答案】D、D、A、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Dr.James Robinson and Dr.Larry Lemak，founders of Lemak Sports Medicine，said that there was no good scientific evidence that helmets could reduce the rate of concussion.Both of them regarded proper training，not helmets，as the best concussion prevention for soccer players.（勒马克运动医学公司的创始人詹姆斯•罗宾逊和拉里•勒马克博士说，没有充分的科学证据表明头盔可以降低脑震荡的发生率。他们都认为，对足球运动员来说，预防脑震荡最好的方法是适当的训练，而不是头盔。）可知，两位顶级医生认为预防脑震荡最好的方法是适当的训练，而不是头盔。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段For boys soccer，concussions accounted for 23 percent of all game injuries and 10 percent of all practice injuries，according to the study.For girls soccer，the study found concussions accounted for 36 percent of game injuries and 31 percent of practice injuries.（根据这项研究，在男孩足球中，脑震荡占所有比赛受伤的 23%，占所有练习受伤的10%。研究发现，在女子足球中，脑震荡占比赛受伤的36%，练习受伤的31%。）可知，本段使用数据说明脑震荡在足球运动中已经成为一个普遍的问题，由此需要引起注意。故这些数字解释了为什么脑震荡是应该被关心的。故选D。
（3）段落大意题。根据第四段中Knowing that，why isn't a helmet useful？Isn't some protection better than none at all？The doctors outlined several reasons helmets provide little protection.（既然如此，为什么头盔没有用呢？有保护不是比没有强吗？医生们概述了头盔保护作用不大的几个原因。）可知，第五段是对头盔保护作用不大的原因进行解释。故选A。
（4）词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容learn proper rules （学习适当的规则）以及划线词后的内容Players who understand soccer's rules and behave themselves are less likely to put themselves in harm's way. （懂得足球规则、守规矩的球员不太可能把自己置于危险之中。）可知，此处强调的是预防脑震荡的主要方法之一是要学习适当的规则，守规矩则可以避免足球运动员脑震荡即遵守设定的标准和规范。故划线词与B选项为同义词。A.The early examples.早期的例子；B.The set standards.设定的标准；C.The suggestions of the athletes.运动员的建议；D.The ways of using helmets.头盔的使用方法。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项科学事实：预防脑震荡最好的方法是适当的训练，而不是头盔。同时文章针对防止脑震荡提出了相关建议。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
29~32.【答案】B、C、B、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段"I think this enthusiastic and sometimes childish and blind pushing toward the more technology the better，the more websites the better teacher，and so forth，is very dangerous — is，indeed，self-destructive，" he indicates.（"我认为这种狂热的、有时幼稚的、盲目的追求技术越多越好，网站越多老师越好等等，是非常危险的——实际上是自毁的，"他指出）可知，Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht关心的问题是学生对电子媒体教学技术的过度依赖。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中In any case，knowledge transmission should not be the core function of the university he maintains，noting that universities should be places where people deal with open questions，places for "intellectual complexity" and "riskfill thinking".（在任何情况下，知识传播都不应该是大学的核心功能，他指出，大学应该是人们处理开放性问题的地方，是"智力复杂性"和"充满风险的思维"的地方）以及第四段中Challenges with complexity are what expands your mind.It is something like intellectual gymnastics.And this is what makes you a suitable member of the society.（复杂的挑战能拓展你的思维。这有点像智力体操。这就是让你成为这个社会合适成员的原因）可推知，Gumbercht教授可能同意大学教育应该让学生为社会的全面生活做好准备。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Discussions in the physical presence have the power of being the catalyst （催化剂） for such intellectual breakthroughs.（现场讨论能成为智力突破的催化剂）可知，根据文章所述，在他人在场的情况下进行讨论可以成为质变的催化剂。故选B项。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章开头University educators largely think highly of the wonders of teaching through technology，but experts question whether something is lost when professors and lecturers rely too heavily on electronic media or when interaction with students takes place remotely — in cyberspace rather than the real space of the classroom. （大学的教育者们高度评价通过科技所带来的教学奇迹，但是有怀疑者提出质疑，当教授和讲课过度依赖电子媒体，或者和学生的互动是通过网络而不是真实的教室空间远距离发生时，是否失去了某些东西）以及文章结尾谈到教室内教学的优势The possibility of in-classroom teaching — of letting something happen which cannot happen if you teach by the transmission of information — is a strength （课堂教学的可能性——通过传递信息的方式进行教学，可以让一些不可能发生的事情发生——是一种优势）可知，文章主要讲述网络教学虽然是可以带来教学奇迹，但是过度的依赖网络教学其实是在毁灭学生们，而传统教学依旧具有它的优势，如和别人现场讨论可以产生一定的智力突破的能力。由此可知，B选项"Traditional Teaching Has Its Place（传统教学有它的一席之地）"适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网络教学引起了质疑。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
33.【答案】【小题1】Failure plays a role as an experience that will lead to growth in our lives.
【小题2】The result is that those failure-prevention methods leave a child unequipped for life in the real world.
【小题3】It can stimulate fresh thinking or a change of direction.
【小题4】She put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy.
【小题5】Failure is not terrible，so we should find strength from failure and find more possibilities.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文第一段中的Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure can play a role as an experience that will lead to growth in our lives. （很简单，因为没有人告诉我们如何失败，这样失败就会成为一种经历，让我们在生活中成长。）可知失败是一种经历，它会引导我们在生活中成长。故答案为：Failure plays a role as an experience that will lead to growth in our lives。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第二段中的Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed.The trouble with failure-prevention methods is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world.（大多数父母努力工作，要么防止失败，要么保护孩子不让他们知道自己失败了。失败预防方法的问题在于，它们让孩子无法适应现实世界的生活。）可知失败预防方法最终会导致孩子们无法适应现实世界的生活。故答案为：The result is that those failure-prevention methods leave a child unequipped for life in the real world。
（3）细节理解题。由本文第三段中的But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it.Even a failure that seems total can stimulate（促进） fresh thinking or a change of direction.（但一旦你学会使用它，它就会对你的生活做出积极的贡献。即使是一次看似彻底的失败也能激发新的思考或改变方向。）可知失败的积极作用是能激发新的思考或改变方向。故答案为：It can stimulate fresh thinking or a change of direction。
（4）细节理解题。由本文最后一段中的My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy，a field where she's both able and useful.（我的朋友把她的舞蹈鞋收起来，开始了舞蹈治疗，这是一个她既能干又有用的领域。）可知，当芭蕾舞大师拒绝了作者的朋友的时候，作者的朋友把她的舞蹈鞋收起来，开始了新的领域---舞蹈治疗。故答案为：She put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy。
（5）开放问答题。本题为开放性试题，答案合理即可。通读讲述了作者的朋友虽然被舞蹈大师拒绝了，但是该朋友并未放弃，而是从失败中找到了力量并且寻找了各种其他的可能性。故答案为：Failure is not terrible，so should find strength from failure and find more possibilities。
本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了虽然失败给人们带来痛苦，但是它也可以给人带来积极的作用。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
34.【答案】Failure plays a role as an experience that will lead to growth in our lives.【高分句型一】（失败的作用）The result is that those failure-prevention methods leave a child unequipped for life in the real world.（失败的结果）It can stimulate fresh thinking or a change of direction.（失败带来的好处）Failure is not terrible，so we should find strength from failure and find more possibilities.【高分句型二】（失败不可怕）
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了虽然失败给人们带来痛苦，但是它也可以给人带来积极的作用。
高分句型一：Failure plays a role as an experience that will lead to growth in our lives.
译文：失败是一种经历，它将导致我们的生活成长。
分析：这句话使用了that引导的定语从句。
高分句型二：Failure is not terrible，so we should find strength from failure and find more possibilities.
译文：失败并不可怕，所以我们应该从失败中找到力量，找到更多的可能性。
分析：这句话使用了so引导的结果状语从句。
概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
35.【答案】Dear editor，
I am Li Hua，an exchange student from China.I would like to share my environmental protection ideas and specific practices with you.（理念或观点）
As we all know，everyone uses a lot of paper every day，which means cutting down a lot of trees every year.【高分句型一】Therefore，I think we should save paper at ordinary times.The easiest way to do this is to fold a piece of paper whose both sides are used up，pack it up，and send it to a paper mill for recycling.（做法及其原因）
That's how I save paper.【高分句型二】I hope everyone can start from the little things around to love and protect our home. （倡议）
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：As we all know，everyone uses a lot of paper every day，which means cutting down a lot of trees every year.
译文：众所周知，每个人每天都使用大量纸张，这意味着每年都要砍伐大量树木。
分析：这句话使用了as引导的非限制性定语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：That's how I save paper.
译文：这就是我节省纸张的方式。
分析：这句话使用了how引导的表语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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