中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 说明文五（含答案）

一、阅读理解（共5题）

1、 March 21 is World Sleep Day. Here are some facts about sleep.

Sleep at advised times

In 2021, the Ministry of Education （ MOE ） advised that junior and senior high school students should go to bed before 10 pm and 11 pm respectively （分别的） .

How do astronauts sleep

Just like on Earth, a person in space goes to bed at night and then wakes up the next day. But in space there is no up or down, and you do not feel the pull of gravity （重力） . As a result, astronauts usually sleep in fixed sleeping bags.

Earworms happen while sleeping

Some people enjoy listening to music a lot. While we’re awake, the music we know well keeps ringing in our ears, which is called earworms （耳虫现象） . This can happen during sleep as well, which could cause problems in getting to sleep and staying asleep.

Sleep with your pet

Pets, like dogs and cats, do not sleep continuously and they will often get up and walk on the bed, which can make you sleep even worse.

But recent studies found that having pets in the bed may help people who are often worried. The pets, like soft toys, can help cut down their worry.

Socks can help us sleep

Studies have shown that wearing socks to bed can help you fall asleep faster!

Hands and feet help exchange （交换） heat between the far ends of the body and the heart. Wearing socks means an increase of blood to your hands and feet, which cuts down your core （核心的） body temperature. The lower the core body temperature is, the faster you fall asleep.

41 ． According to MOE, junior high school students should _________.

A ． go to bed before 10 pm B ． go to bed before 11 pm

C ． sleep at least 10 hours a day D ． sleep at least 11 hours a day

42 ． Why do astronauts sleep in fixed sleeping bags?

A ． Because there is no bed in the space station. B ． Because there is no pull of gravity in space.

C ． Because sleeping bags are comfortable. D ． Because the spaceship is too small.

43 ． According to the passage, earworms can ________.

A ． be bad for sleep quality B ． improve music ability

C ． help people fall asleep quickly D ． appear only during the day

44 ． How does wearing socks help us sleep?

A ． By making feet warmer than hands. B ． By increasing blood to hands and feet.

C ． By making core body temperature higher. D ． By exchanging heat between hands and feet.

45 ． Which of the following statements about sleep is true according to the passage?

A ． World Sleep Day falls in the fifth month each year.

B ． The sleeping bag is the best choice for sleep.

C ． Sleeping with pets helps worried people.

D ． Music can help people sleep longer.

2、

Have you ever imagined your simple T-shirt could act as an air conditioner ( 空调 ) on those hot summer days? Thanks to a discovery, that possibility is getting closer and the T-shirt may soon be found among your favorite clothing brands.

Two inventors took a completely new method. They designed a special textile ( 纺织品 ) that can take in body heat and then send out the energy. This new textile cools both the objects and things around them through a technology. This means that a T-shirt made of this textile looks like a normal T-shirt, but actually it is a device ( 设备 ) that works like a mirror.

Although the technology is not new and has been used for years to design plastic films and special paints, its use in the textile industry for the good of wearers is very special and exciting. That is because, in the past, the methods we used to deal with heat through clothes were only the suggestions on wearing light colors and choosing breathable textiles. But even when these suggestions can actually help you feel cool, they are simply not enough in the hottest season. The new textile, however, can reflect all kinds of light, and this can contribute to the cooling process. So this discovery is a real advance.

Right now, researchers still need to test the new method to know how effectively ( 有效 ) the new textile works while the wearers are standing or walking, and not directly facing the sky. They also need to test how well it works when T-shirts are not close to the skin. But it’s still a great success.

The two inventors are now looking out for clothing brands that are interested in using their textile. One inventor said, “The new material will increase clothing producing costs by just 10 percent. We can make it with large production. Everybody can afford a T-shirt made of this textile and the cost is basically the same as a normal T-shirt’s. It can do good to everybody.”

27 ． What can the new textile do?

A ． Make wearers feel cool. B ． Make wearers fashionable.

C ． Get wearers’ health information. D ． Test wearers’ body temperatures.

28 ． What do the underlined words “ contribute to ” mean in Chinese?

A ．减缓 B ．促进 C ．接收 D ．扰乱

29 ． What are the two inventors doing now?

A ． Making money by selling the textile. B ． Trying to use the textile in other fields.

C ． Trying to find out more secrets of the textile. D ． Looking for clothing brands to use the textile.

30 ． What’s the best title ( 标题 ) for the text?

A ． A Popular Brand B ． Two Great Inventors C ． A Special Textile D ． Lucky Wearers

3、

Can you imagine a cloud floating in the middle of your room? Do you want to know what it feels like to fly like a bird? Here, we have picked out four interesting inventions to share with you.

Talking Gloves

Four foreign students have created a pair of gloves, and it helps people to communicate with people who have hearing and speaking problems. The gloves are equipped with sensors ( 传感器 ). They recognize sign language and translate it into text on a smartphone. Then the smartphone changes the text to spoken words. Thus you can understand sign language easily.

Google Glasses

Google Glasses are like a computer built into a pair of glasses. Then the glasses allow you to surf the Internet and make calls without even lifting a finger. The glasses also have a camera and GPS mapping system. Users can take and share photos, check maps and surf the Internet just by looking up, down, left and right.

Indoor Clouds

That’s a real world. An artist, Smilde managed to create a small but perfect white cloud in the middle of a room using a fog machine. But it required careful planning — the temperature, humidity ( 湿度 ) and lighting all had to be just right. The cloud only lasted for a short while, though.

Wingsuits

The suit realizes your dream of flying like a bird. Well, not exactly flying, but gliding ( 滑翔 ) through the air. It increases the surface area of the human body, which makes it easier for people to float in the air. Fliers wearing wingsuits can glide one kilometer in about 30 seconds.

41 ． What do “Talking Gloves” help people to understand?

A ． Spoken words. B ． Sign language. C ． Written words. D ． The text on the smartphone.

42 ． How can users of “Google Glasses” surf the Internet?

A ． By speaking to the glasses. B ． By tapping the keyboard.

C ． By lifting a finger. D ． By moving the eyeballs.

43 ． How did the artist create a white cloud in the room?

A ． With a fog machine. B ． With right temperature.

C ． With a fog machine and careful planning. D ． With a fog machine and right lighting.

44 ． Which of the following can help you fly?

A ． Talking Gloves. B ． Wingsuits. C ． Google Glasses. D ． Indoor Clouds.

45 ． What’s the best title of the passage?

A ． Four Interesting Inventions B ． Four Famous Inventions

C ． The Advantages of Four Inventions D ． Four Dreams of the Future

4、

With electricity prices continuing to increase, a smart meter ( 表 ) shows you how much electricity you’re using in pounds and get more exact bills.

What is a smart meter and how does it work?

A smart meter is a newer kind of electricity meter. All electricity providers are setting them as a part of an upgrade to the UK’s electricity market. Besides, we set up smart Pay As You Go meters.

Smart meters come with an in-home IHD ． Here you can see the readings — how much electricity you’re using and what it costs.

Smart meters also provide automatic ( 自动的 ) meter readings. You just need to get one such meter and it will automatically send your use to the provider.

What’s more, we’ll use the smart meter to give you a personal explanation of your electricity use. We’ll also show you some advice to help you save money and cut down your carbon footprint ( 碳排放量 ).

Is it worth getting a smart meter?

There are three main advantages to have a smart meter:

1. Complete control

See how much you’re using in real time. This can help you make small changes to cut down your electricity use, as well as your bill.

2. Trouble-saving

Your smart meter will send readings automatically. This way you’ll get more exact bills without leaving the sofa.

3. Low-carbon life

Understanding where your electricity goes will encourage you to think about your carbon footprint and how to live a greener life.

32 ． What can the smart meter do?

A ． Provide more electricity. B ． Show the exact use of electricity.

C ． Increase the price of electricity. D ． Connect different electricity providers.

33 ． What is probably an IHD?

A ． A screen to show the readings. B ． An instrument to pay for the bills.

C ． A computer to control the smart meter. D ． An object to cut down carbon footprint.

34 ． What do we know about the smart meter?

A ． It is provided for free. B ． It hasn’t been put into use yet.

C ． It may be widely used. D ． It can’t send readings in real time.

35 ． Who is this text written for?

A ． Smart meter producers. B ． Electricity providers.

C ． Smart meter sellers. D ． Electricity users.

5、

Do you have difficulty falling asleep at night? If so, here is a piece of advice for you: Listen to some soft music.

Scientists have found that soft music can help to improve sleep quality and quantity （量） . This works for sleepers of all ages, and even for those with sleeping problems. Soft music can help us fall asleep better, wake up less during the night and feel more relaxed in the morning. You may not notice the effects （功效） overnight, though. It could take as many as 3 weeks to see any improvements.

Why can soft music help us sleep better? The reasons aren’t clear yet. It may connect with the relaxing effect of a good song. Music can have real physical effects, too. Soft music can lower our heart rate （心率） and slow down our breathing. This prepares us for sleep.

Scientists say that for most people, music that has 70 beats （节拍） per minute （ bpm ） works best. Classical, jazz and folk music are usually more effective than other musical styles. Familiar songs work well, too. You may need to test to make your own playlists. If you are not sure how many beats a song has in a minute, you can find out by entering its title into songbpm.com. And remember to get volume （音量） right. Make sure that the final piece is gradually slowing down. Or you may be woken up by the sudden silence.

It’s very important to get enough high-quality sleep. Before you go to bed tonight, play some soft music. Then, just prepare to be rocked off to dreamland.

27 ． It is found that soft music can ________ sleep.

A ． help people of all ages B ． only help people under the age of 15

C ． only help people with sleeping problems D ． only help people who are experiencing lots of stress

28 ． According to the article, it may take as long as ________ before you notice the effects of soft music.

A ． 3 hours B ． 3 nights C ． 3 weeks D ． 3 months

29 ． How can we work out how many beats a song has in a minute?

A ． By comparing it with a 70-bpm song.

B ． By entering the song’s title into songbpm.com.

C ． By finding out whether it can help us fall asleep.

D ． By counting our heart rates while listening to the song.

30 ． What is the article mainly about?

A ． People with sleeping problems. B ． The role of music in our daily lives.

C ． How soft music can improve our sleep. D ． The importance of getting enough sleep.

============参考答案============

一、阅读理解

1、

A 42 ． B 43 ． A 44 ． B 45 ． C

【导语】本文主要介绍了关于睡眠的一些事实。

41 ．细节理解题。根据 “junior and senior high school students should go to bed before 10 pm” 可知初中生晚上 10 点前要睡觉。故选 A 。

42 ．细节理解题。根据 “you do not feel the pull of gravity （重力） . As a result, astronauts usually sleep in fixed sleeping bags” 可知太空中没有重力，所以宇航员睡在睡袋里。故选 B 。

43 ．细节理解题。根据 “This can happen during sleep as well, which could cause problems in getting to sleep and staying asleep” 可知耳虫现象会造成睡觉问题，所以对睡眠质量有不好的影响。故选 A 。

44 ．细节理解题。根据 “Wearing socks means an increase of blood to your hands and feet” 可知穿袜子意味着手脚血液增加，这会降低你的核心体温。故选 B 。

45 ．细节理解题。根据 “But recent studies found that having pets in the bed may help people who are often worried” 可知和宠物睡觉可能会帮助那些经常担心的人。故选 C 。

2、

27 ． A 28 ． B 29 ． D 30 ． C

【导语】本文讲述一种新的纺织品，讲述新纺织品可以让人在夏天感觉凉爽。

27 ．推理判断题。根据第一段 “your simple T-shirt could act as an air conditioner on those hot summer days? Thanks to a discovery, that possibility is getting closer and the T-shirt may soon be found among your favorite clothing brands” 及第二段 “can take in body heat and then send out the energy” 可知，新的纺织品可以吸收身体的热量然后释放。可推断新纺织品可以让穿衣服的人感觉凉爽。故选 A 。

28 ．词义猜测题。根据 “The new textile, however, can reflect all kinds of light” 及 “this discovery is a real advance” 可知，这项新的防线是一项进步，讲述的是这种新的纺织品的好的方面，可推断短语 “contribute to” 表达 “ 促进，有利于 ” 。故选 B 。

29 ．细节理解题。根据最后一段 “The two inventors are now looking out for clothing brands that are interested in using their textile” 可知，发明者现在正在寻找对使用这种新的纺织品感兴趣的衣服品牌商。故选 D 。

30 ．最佳标题题。文章主要讲述的是一种新的纺织品，标题可概括为 “A Special Textile” 。故选 C 。

3、

41 ． B 42 ． D 43 ． C 44 ． B 45 ． A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个有趣的发明。

41 ．细节理解题。根据第二段 “Thus you can understand sign language easily.” 可知， “Talking Gloves” 帮助人们去理解手语。故选 B 。

42 ．推理判断题。根据第三段 “Users can...surf the Internet just by looking up, down, left and right.” 可知，用户只需向上、向下、向左、向右看就可以上网，即通过移动眼球的方式上网。故选 D 。

43 ．细节理解题。根据第四段 “An artist, Smilde managed to create a small but perfect white cloud in the middle of a room using a fog machine. But it required careful planning...” 可知，艺术家在房间里创造出一朵白云需要：一台造雾机和精心的计划。故选 C 。

44 ．细节理解题。根据最后一段 “The suit realizes your dream of flying like a bird.” 可知， “Wingsuits” 可以帮助你实现像鸟一样飞翔的梦想。故选 B 。

45 ．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四个有趣的发明。故选 A 。

4、

B 33 ． A 34 ． C 35 ． D

【导语】本文主要介绍了什么是智能电表，它是如何工作的，以及智能电表的三个主要优点。

32 ．细节理解题。根据 “a smart meter( 表 ) shows you how much electricity you’re using in pounds and get more exact bills.” 可知，智能电表可以准确显示用电量。故选 B 。

33 ．细节理解题。根据 “Smart meters come with an in-home IHD. Here you can see the readings—how much electricity you’re using and what it costs.” 可知， IHD 是一个显示读数的屏幕。故选 A 。

34 ．推理判断题。根据 “What’s more, we’ll use the smart meter to give you a personal explanation of your electricity use. We’ll also show you some advice to help you save money and cut down your carbon footprint( 碳排放量 ).” 和 “There are three main advantages to have a smart meter” 可知，智能电表可能被广泛使用。故选 C 。

35 ．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了什么是智能电表，它是如何工作的，以及智能电表的三个主要优点。故本文是写给电力用户的。故选 D 。

5、

A 28 ． C 29 ． B 30 ． C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍轻音乐如何改善我们的睡眠。

27 ．细节理解题。根据 “Scientists have found that soft music can help to improve sleep quality and quantity. This works for sleepers of all ages, and even for those with sleeping problems.” 可知，轻音乐可以在睡眠问题上帮助任何年龄段的人，故选 A 。

28 ．细节理解题。根据 “It could take as many as 3 weeks to see any improvements.” 可知，可能需要 3 周的时间才能看到任何改善，故选 C 。

29 ．细节理解题。根据 “If you are not sure how many beats a song has in a minute, you can find out by entering its title into songbpm.com.” 可知，如果你不确定一首歌在一分钟内有多少节拍，你可以在 songbpm.com 中输入它的标题来找到它。故选 B 。

30 ．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍轻音乐如何改善我们的睡眠，故选 C 。