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2022-2023学年北京市朝阳区高三上学期期中英语试卷（解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年北京市朝阳区高三上学期期中英语试卷（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京市朝阳区2022～2023学年度第一学期期中质量检测
高三英语
(考试时间90分钟 满分100分)
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The moment Kareem went into the waiting room, his nervousness increased dramatically. Mateo, his opponent, was sitting there, with his ___1___ resting on his knee. The two would ___2___for the last opening at the music school. Kareem could tell Mateo was ___3___, just like he’d always been.
Kareem sat and closed his eyes, trying to ignore Mateo’s calmness, a sharp contrast to his own ___4___. To relieve the tension, Kareem began tuning his guitar.
Suddenly a deafening noise came and Kareem froze at the noise. A broken E string ___5___from Kareem’s guitar. He’d over-tightened the string, causing it to break. Then, he ___6___ his bag for another set of strings. ___7___, Kareem brought no strings for replacement.
As his turn was approaching, Kareem felt ___8___. Now there was no choice. He stood up slowly and walked to Mateo,“Would you happen to have a spare E string?”
Mateo shook his head, “Sorry.” Kareem nodded and whispered that he understood.
Just then Kareem’s name was called. He was rooted to the ground and was about to quit when he noticed Mateo’s arm outstretched, holding his guitar out to him.
“Here, use mine, ” Kareem’s mouth ___9___ as Mateo added, “Do your best, man.”
The professor asked Kareem what to play. He hesitated, “I’ll be playing Bach’s Bourree in E minor, with my...my friend’s guitar.“
As Kareem walked toward the stage door, he looked back at Mateo with a shared___10___ as if to say they were friends.
1. A. coat B. phone C. guitar D. book
2. A. compete B. vote C. argue D. stand
3. A. active B. popular C. ready D. proud
4. A. sorrow B. anxiety C. shame D. anger
5. A. showed up B. came back C. fell apart D. hung down
6. A. spotted B. searched C. packed D. held
7. A. Simply B. Naturally C. Sadly D. Seriously
8. A. hopeless B. careless C. guilty D. lonely
9. A. hurt B. shut C. watered D. dropped
10. A. smile B. hope C. interest D. view
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了卡里姆和马特奥竞争音乐学校的最后一个职位，但卡里姆的吉他琴弦断了，关键时刻马特奥慷慨地帮助了卡里姆，两人成为了朋友。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的对手马特奥坐在那里，把吉他放在膝盖上。A. coat外套；B. phone电话；C. guitar吉他；D. book书。根据下文“To relieve the tension, Kareem began tuning his guitar.”和“He was rooted to the ground and was about to quit when he noticed Mateo’s arm outstretched, holding his guitar out to him.”可知，卡里姆和马特奥竞争的是音乐学校的职位，都带了吉它。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人将竞争音乐学校最后一个职位。A. compete竞争；B. vote投票；C. argue争论；D. stand站立。根据上文“his opponent”和下文“the last opening at the music school”可知，卡里姆和马特奥是竞争音乐学校的职位。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卡里姆看得出马特奥已经准备好了，就像他一直以来一样。A. active积极主动的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. ready准备好的；D. proud自豪的。根据下文“Kareem sat and closed his eyes, trying to ignore Mateo’s calmness”可知，马特奥非常冷静，说明他胸有成竹，已经准备好了。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：卡里姆坐着，闭上眼睛，试图忽略马特奥的冷静，这与他自己的焦虑形成了鲜明的对比。A. sorrow悲伤；B. anxiety焦虑；C. shame羞耻；D. anger愤怒。根据下文“To relieve the tension, Kareem began tuning his guitar.”可知，卡里姆感到紧张和焦虑。故选B项。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一根断了的E弦从卡里姆的吉他上垂了来下。A. showed up露面；B. came back回来；C. fell apart崩溃；D. hung down垂下。根据句中“broken E string”可知，琴弦断了，所以垂了来下。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他在包里寻找另一组琴弦。A. spotted看见；B. searched搜寻；C. packed打包；D. held握住。卡里姆的吉他琴弦断了，结合句中“his bag for another set of strings”可知，卡里姆想找备用琴弦。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，卡里姆没有带来任何替代条件。A. Simply仅仅；B. Naturally自然地；C. Sadly悲哀地；D. Seriously严重地。根据句中“Kareem brought no strings for replacement.”可知，卡里姆并没有备用琴弦，很不幸。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：轮到卡里姆的时候，卡里姆感到绝望。A. hopeless无望的；B. careless粗心大意的；C. guilty内疚的；D. lonely孤单的。卡里姆并未找到备用琴弦，句中结合“As his turn was approaching”可知，表演马上开始了，卡里姆感到绝望。故选A项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当马特奥接着说：“尽你所能，伙计。”，卡里姆惊掉了下巴。A. hurt使受伤；B. shut关闭；C. watered浇水；D. dropped掉落。根据上文可知，卡里姆和马特奥是竞争对手，但马特奥现在居然把自己的吉它借给卡里姆，这让卡里姆感到震惊；mouth drop可理解为“惊得下巴掉了下来”。故选D项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当卡里姆走向舞台门时，他回头看着马特奥，脸上带着共同的微笑，似乎在说他们是朋友。A. smile微笑；B. hope希望；C. interest兴趣；D. view观点。根据上文可知，虽然卡里姆和马特奥是竞争对手，但在关键时刻马特奥帮助了卡里姆。结合句中“as if to say they were friends”可知，这一刻他们成了朋友，所以两人相视而笑。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I enjoyed a lovable college time both on campus and at home. At college, I joined a variety of clubs to enrich my life. As the term was drawing to an end, I ___11___(plan) to do plenty of things during the vacation. First of all, I wanted to help my mother ___12___ housework. I also wished to finish the thickest book ___13___ had been recommended by my teacher. It turned out that everything went smoothly as I expected.
【答案】11. planned
12. with 13. that
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文的节选。这一部分主要描述了作者对即将到来的假期生活的计划。
【11题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：随着这学期即将结束，我计划在假期期间做大量的事情。根据句中“as”引导的状语从句的谓语动词“was drawing”，并结合句意，此处应用一般过去时。故答案为planned。
【12题详解】
考查介词和动词短语。句意：首先，我想帮妈妈做些家务。分析句子可知，此处应用介词；动词短语help sb with sth意为：帮助某人某事，符合句意。故答案为with。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我也希望看完老师推荐的最厚的那本书。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“the thickest book”,关系代词在定语从句中作主语；因“book”前有最高级“thickest”修饰，只能用关系代词that。故答案为that。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Extreme heat is becoming increasingly common across the globe. It is an ___14___ (extreme)dangerous weather condition where the temperatures are much hotter than average. It’s clear that how hot future summers will get depends on ___15___ humans do to stop climate change.Governments appeal to people to reduce greenhouse ___16___ (gas)—like methane (甲烷) and carbon dioxide (CO2) -in the atmosphere. Also, they will set up public cooling stations ___17___(protect) people at risk.
【答案】14. extremely
15. what 16. gases
17. to protect
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章主要说明极热天气在全球正变得越来越普遍，政府呼吁人们减少温室气体的排放，采取措施阻止气候的改变。
【14题详解】
考查副词。句意：这是一种极度危险的天气条件，在这种天气下，气温远高于平均温度。分析句子可知，此处应为副词，修饰形容词“dangerous”。故填extremely。
【15题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：显然，未来夏天有多热取决于人类做什么来阻止气候改变。分析句子可知，“depends on”后跟宾语从句，所以此处应为连接词，在从句中作“do”的宾语，表示做什么事情，用连接代词what。故填what。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：政府呼吁人们减少温室气体-像甲烷和二氧化碳-排放到大气中。分析句子可知，此处应为名词；根据破折号后面列举的甲烷和二氧化碳可知，gas应用复数形式。故填gases。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：而且，他们也希望建立公共制冷站以保护有风险的人们。分析句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词；根据句意，建立制冷站的目的是保护有风险的人，所以应用动词不定式to protect，作目的状语。故填to protect。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Sanxingdui Ruins site in Sichuan province, ___18___ (consider) as one of the greatest findings of mankind in the 20th century, has continued to amaze the world. Since May, 2001, more than 500 cultural relics ___19___ (find) at the site, including bronze ware (青铜器), gold and bronze masks and so on. Among them, a gold mask is catching the world’s attention. It’s 37.2 cm wide, 16.5 cm high and ___20___(weigh) about 100 grams, which is strong proof of the existence of ancient Shu state.
【答案】18. considered
19. have been found
20. weighs
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三星堆遗址。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：四川省的三星堆遗址被认为是20世纪人类最伟大的发现之一，一直在让世界惊叹。分析句子可知，consider是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The Sanxingdui Ruins site之间是被动关系，应用过去分词considered表被动，作后置定语。故填considered。
【19题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：自2001年5月以来，在该遗址发现了500多件文物，包括青铜器、黄金和青铜面具等。提示词是谓语动词，与主语more than 500 cultural relics之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“Since May, 2001”可知，应用现在完成时态，主语是复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been found。
【20题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：它宽37.2厘米，高16.5厘米，重约100克，是古蜀国存在的有力证据。分析句子可知，提示词与is是并列关系，是谓语动词，陈述客观事情，用一般现在时态；weigh表示“重……”，是不及物动词，无被动语态；主语It是单数代词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填weighs。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Most kids spent their summer holidays playing video-games watching TV and sleeping in.Parents can follow the steps below, and your kids can break their summertime tech habits and adapt to a school-friendly schedule in two weeks.
Shift bedtime
There’s nothing more important to kicking off the school year successfully than getting sufficient sleep. Two weeks before school begins, schedule bedtime back by about 20 minutes a night to stop kids staying up late or sleeping in. Instead of a long, fun bathtime, switch to a quick shower. Keep all digital devices out of their bedrooms and buy them alarm clocks.
Set screen goals
Having intentional goals for screen use can help kids change their tech habits. You might decide to make screen time a reward rather than a right. Set limits on digital activities such as no videogames until they complete homework. Don’t jump to no apps but consider using apps that control the length of time kids can use a device. Establish zones in your house where electronics simply are not allowed. Besides, get your kids involved in activities that don’t need a screen.
Make a schedule
A summer spent without routine can make jumping back into the structure of school difficult for kids. Setting a schedule for the last two weeks of summer can work. Ms. Rawson, founder of the Screen Time Clinic, suggests creating blocks of time that mirror those of the school day,arranging 30 to 50 minutes for an activity, depending on the kid’s age, along with a set lunchtime. Kids should have a say in deciding how to fill the day’s time blocks. The activities can involve anything but screens.
21. Before the new school year begins, kids can shift bedtime by .
A taking a long bath B. sleeping in a lot
C. using phones as alarm clocks D. moving to bed earlier
22. According to the passage, what should parents do to adjust kids’ screen time?
A. Manage homework time with apps.
B. Forbid them from using electronics.
C. Reserve areas for screen-free activities.
D. Remove apps from their digital devices.
23. A school-friendly schedule should
A. reflect individual needs of kids
B. copy the exact school timetables
C. start from the beginning of holidays
D. combine study with digital entertainment
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提出了一些建议，帮助孩子们在两周内改掉他们的暑假科技习惯，适应学校的课程表。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Two weeks before school begins, schedule bedtime back by about 20 minutes a night to stop kids staying up late or sleeping in.(开学前两周，每晚把就寝时间提前20分钟，防止孩子熬夜或睡过头。)”可知，在新学年开始之前，孩子们可以通过提前睡觉来改变睡觉时间。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Establish zones in your house where electronics simply are not allowed.(在家里设置一些不允许使用电子产品的区域。)”可知，家长应预留无屏幕活动区域，调整孩子的屏幕时间。故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ms. Rawson, founder of the Screen Time Clinic, suggests creating blocks of time that mirror those of the school day, arranging 30 to 50 minutes for an activity, depending on the kid’s age, along with a set lunchtime. Kids should have a say in deciding how to fill the day’s time blocks.(屏幕时间诊所(Screen Time Clinic)的创始人罗森建议，根据孩子的年龄安排30到50分钟的活动时间，并在午餐时间安排好。孩子们应该对如何安排一天的时间有发言权。)”可知，对学校的课程表应该能够反映孩子们的个人需求。故选A。
B
Brian Schwartz became one of the many to turn jobless under the epidemic. For Brian, the timing could not have been worse. It was a stressful time between a wife carrying a baby, a dad battling brain cancer, and everything else going on in the news.
Brian needed to do something productive and he turned to mow mowing lawns for stress relief. “I just decided to create my own good news, really just as a time filler,” says Brian. He wanted to help neighbors, just keeping himself busy mentally and physically. Brian offered his lawnmowing service free to seniors and people with disabilities in his community.
As word spread of his good acts, the local media began picking up on the story. The attention got Brian thinking. There was clearly a broader need for what he was offering. So he decided to launch a website, loanttomowyourlaen.com, and a kindness movement was born. Pretty soon, Brian had a large crowd of clients needing others to mow their lawns and an army of volunteers, from 18-year-olds in college to recent retirees. As news of his organization spread, he also began to attract donations to help with operating costs, which encouraged him to turn the service into a nonprofit.
As the organization has evolved (演变), Brian has expanded his offerings to include other services like removing trees and clearing snow. But he believes the benefit of what his team does goes way beyond the practical. “We are not only providing them with financial relief,” he says. “It’s mental and physical relief as well. And we’re hearing feedback not only directly from the people we’re helping, but also from their neighbors who thank us for helping make the community better. And I’m even receiving occasional letters from people that we might not even help, but they might have just been at the time looking for some uplifting news.”
lwanttomouwyourlawn.com has become a passion. Not least of all for the benefits the kindness brings. “It stimulates my mind, my body and my soul just by helping others,” he says. “It’s a really good feeling. I feel like I’m doing something that has some meaning and purpose.”
24. What got Brian into a bad situation?
A. Taking care of a baby. B. Being out of work.
C. Fighting against cancer. D. Being reported in news.
25. Why did Brian create the website?
A. To gain more public attention.
B. To provide a wider range of services.
C. To raise donations for people in need.
D. To collect news of kindness movements.
26. What can we learn about Brian’s organization?
A. It puts forward plans on bettering the community.
B. It requires people to give feedback on the offerings.
C. It reduces the unemployment among people in need.
D. It gives people spiritual support as well as direct help.
27. What can we conclude from this passage?
A. Good things take time. B. Every moment matters.
C. We rise by lifting others. D. Fame brings opportunities.
【答案】24. B 25. B 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了布莱恩·施瓦茨(Brian Schwartz)成为疫情失业背景下，免费为社区的老年人和残疾人提供修剪草坪的服务，创办一个网站loanttomowyourlaen.com帮助更多需要服务的人，既帮助了别人，也升华了自己。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Brian Schwartz became one of the many to turn jobless under the epidemic.(布莱恩·施瓦茨(Brian Schwartz)成为疫情下失业的众多人之一。)”可知，失业使布莱恩陷入了困境。故选B。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“There was clearly a broader need for what he was offering. So he decided to launch a website, loanttomowyourlaen.com,and a kindness movement was born.(显然，他所提供的东西有更广泛的需求。于是，他决定创办一个网站loanttomowyourlaen.com，一场善意运动就此诞生)”可知，Brian创立网站是为了提供更广泛的服务。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““We are not only providing them with financial relief,” he says. “It’s mental and physical relief as well.”(“我们不仅为他们提供经济援助，”他说。“这是精神和身体上的放松。”)”可知，Brian的组织给人们精神上的支持以及直接的帮助。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“lwanttomouwyourlawn.com has become a passion. Not least of all for the benefits the kindness brings. “It stimulates my mind, my body and my soul just by helping others,” he says. “It’s a really good feeling. I feel like I’m doing something that has some meaning and purpose.”(Lwanttomouwyourlawn.com已经成为一种激情。尤其是这种善意所带来的好处。“通过帮助他人，它刺激了我的思想、身体和灵魂。这种感觉真的很好。我觉得我做的事情是有意义和目的的。”)”可知，我们从文章中能得出我们通过帮助别人而得到升华。故选C。
C
Fossil by fossil, the story of the birds becomes clearer. It is now well established that modern birds are actually a group of dinosaurs, which survived a crash between the earth and a small planet 66m years ago. This impact wiped out the rest of the dinosaur world, along with a lot of other creatures.
Recently a paper, published in Nature, has released the details of a fossil, which those studying it believe provides our earliest view of what modern birds were like during the initial stages of their evolutional history. The fossil in question is called Asteriornis maastrichtensis. As its name suggests, the rock containing it was dug from deposits(沉积层)found near Maastricht. These deposits are between 66.8m and 66.7m years old.
This particular rock interested palaeontologists(古生物学家)because it included visible leg bones that looked as though they belonged to a bird. Such ancient fossils are rare, so instead of chancing their arms by using physical or chemical methods to explore the rock for more remains,Daniel Field of Cambridge University and his colleagues employed a CT scan, a process more familiar to most people as a medical-scanning technique. The result, an image of the animal’s skull with false colours added to clarify which bits are which, can be seen in the picture.
Asteriornis maastrichtensis does indeed turn out to be a member of the modern birds. Specifically, it is part of the Galloanserae, which includes both land fowl(家禽),such as chickens and its relatives, and modern waterfowl, like ducks and the like. The skull of Asteriornis maastrichtensis exhibits features of both groups, so it most probably predates the division between them. And its discovery in Europe opens up the debate about whether modern birds originated in the southern part of the earth, as has been proposed.
As to what it looked like when alive, the animal’s left upper leg, its best-preserved bone besides those of its skull, suggests Asteriornis maastrichtensis was a long-legged creature that marched around. This, and evidence that the rock it was preserved in was originally part of a fossil shoreline,has led to reconstructions of modern waterfowl.
Asteriornis maastrichtensis shows that a single fossil can help to nail down previously uncertain dates. The age of the fossil, in fact, suggests that those previous estimates, based on so-called molecular clocks(分子钟),might have overestimated how early the modern birds arose.Based on the discovery of Asteriornis maastrichtensis, the smart money is now on the modern birds as a group being only a little older than the dinosaur-killing impact itself.
28. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. The details of the fossil are still in doubt.
B. The deposits were named after the fossil.
C. The crash caused the extinction of dinosaurs.
D. The fossil is seen as the oldest modern bird skull.
29. What can be inferred about Asteriornis maastrichtensis from the passage?
A. It attracts palaeontologists as a rare ancient species.
B. It can present the whole picture of modern waterfowl.
C. It allows researchers to confirm where modern birds emerged.
D. It may be the common ancestor of modern chickens and ducks.
30. According to the passage, the author may agree that_______.
A. fossils promote the accuracy of historical dates
B. it’s not wise to dig the deposits for more remains
C. we can’t trust fossils more than molecular clocks
D. more investment should be made to study fossils
【答案】28. D 29. D 30. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了最近，一篇发表在《自然》杂志上的论文公布了一块化石的细节，研究它的人认为，这为我们提供了关于现代鸟类在进化史的最初阶段是什么样子的最早观点。这个化石被称为马斯特里赫特Asteriornis maastrichtensis。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Recently a paper, published in Nature, has released the details of a fossil, which those studying it believe provides our earliest view of what modern birds were like during the initial stages of their evolutional history.(最近，一篇发表在《自然》杂志上的论文公布了一块化石的细节，研究它的人认为，这为我们提供了关于现代鸟类在进化史的最初阶段是什么样子的最早观点。)”可知，这块化石被认为是最古老的现代鸟类头骨。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Asteriornis maastrichtensis does indeed turn out to be a member of the modern birds. Specifically, it is part of the Galloanserae, which includes both land fowl(家禽),such as chickens and its relatives, and modern waterfowl, like ducks and the like.( 马斯特里赫特Asteriornis maastrichtensis确实是现代鸟类的一员。具体来说，它是加洛雁科的一部分，包括陆禽，如鸡及其近亲，和现代水禽，如鸭子等。)”可推知，Asteriornis maastrichtensis可能是现代鸡和鸭的共同祖先。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Asteriornis maastrichtensis shows that a single fossil can help to nail down previously uncertain dates.(马斯特里赫特Asteriornis maastrichtensis表明，一个化石可以帮助确定之前不确定的日期。)”可知，作者可能会同意化石提高了历史年代的准确性。故选A。
D
During the final scenes of the movie, Lord of the Rings: Return of the King, we experience the full range of emotions. We hold our breath as the fire surrounds Frodo; we cheer when Gandalf saves him. So what’s going on? There must be a special kind of movie magic that makes us care about what we know isn’t real. As it happens, there is a special kind of magic, but it’s not in the movie. It’s in the minds of people who watch it. Dr. Norman Holland, professor of the University of Florida, believes this magic is particularly potent when we watch movies on the big screen.
”The first thing that happens,“ he argues, ”is that you give up control. The movie is in control.”In normal life our brains are like tractor beams(牵引光束),busy taking in any information that seems important or interesting. This is called the attentional system. But as the characters come alive on screen, we stop sensing our body. Psychologists call this kind of mental state “flow”: when our attention is completely absorbed in one activity and there isn’t any juice left in our attentional system to take in any more information. We are effortlessly swept along in the currents of the ride. This is why we love the movies: it’s like going on a roller coaster(过山车) for the brain.
But there’s another kind of magic at work here too; in a movie theater, as we give up control,our sense of reality changes. Deep down we know that what we’re seeing is make-believe, but because we’re not going to act upon it, because it doesn’t have a direct physical bearing upon us,we don’t test if it is real. It’s like that part of our brain goes on a temporary vacation. Something else is happening in the brain to make this possible too. The mind has different abilities, and each one has a distinct place in the brain. Our knowledge that we’re only watching a movie happens in the front part of our brain.But emotions come from the limbie system(边缘系统),in the back of the brain. Even though our front brain knows that a movie isn’t real, the back brain never gets them essage.
Sadly, the intensity of the emotions that movies produce in us may be decreasing. At home,or on our smart phones, movies are wonderfully convenient. But watching in this way limits their magic because we’re in control; we have the power to stop the film or fast forward bits we don’t like. “If you’re not giving up control to the movie,“ Holland says, ”you’re getting a thinned-out movie experience.“ More control might be more convenient, but it won’t mean more magic.Surely, we deserve better than that, and Frodo does too.
31. What does the underlined word ”potent“ in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Complicated. B. Effective. C. Subjective. D. Temporary.
32. Why does the author mention a roller coaster?
A. To illustrate the excitement that a movie can provide.
B. To explain the filmmaking techniques used by directors.
C. To demonstrate the working state of the attentional system.
D. To describe psychological methods involved in seeing a movie.
33. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Distinct parts of our brain are interactive.
B. The limbic system can help us sense the reality.
C. Going to theaters creates better viewing experience.
D. Movies on phones can take us to the state of flow easily.
34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Your Brain on Movies
B. Emotions out of Control
C. The Rise of Movie Theatres
D. Different Choices of Moviegoers
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在我们观看电影时可以体验全方位的情感。这是一种特殊的魔力，但它不在电影中，而是在观影者的脑海中。当我们在大屏幕上观看电影时，这种魔力尤其强大。
【31题详解】
词义猜测题。由文章第一段最后一句“Dr. Norman Holland, professor of the University of Florida, believes this magic is particularly potent when we watch movies on the big screen.（佛罗里达大学教授诺曼·霍兰德博士认为，当我们在大屏幕上观看电影时，这种魔力尤其potent 。）”以及最后一段第三句“ But watching in this way limits their magic because we’re in control（但是以这种方式观看会限制它们的魔力，因为我们在控制之中） ”可知，在大荧幕上看电影时，这种魔力会很明显，如果在家用手机看，虽然便捷但这种魔力被削弱了，依次推断potent是“有效的，强有力的”的意思，等同于effective 。故选B。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“Psychologists call this kind of mental state “flow”: when our attention is completely absorbed in one activity and there isn’t any juice left in our attentional system to take in any more information. We are effortlessly swept along in the currents of the ride. This is why we love the movies: it’s like going on a roller coaster(过山车) for the brain.（心理学家将这种心理状态称为“心流”：当我们的注意力完全集中在一项活动中，注意力系统中没有剩余的能量来吸收更多的信息。我们毫不费力地顺流而下。这就是我们喜欢电影的原因：就像大脑坐过山车一样。）”可知，我们看电影时注意力很集中，我们的大脑不再忙于接收任何看起来重要或有趣的信息，不再感觉到自己的身体，毫不费力地被卷入剧情中，所以我们看电影时就像大脑在坐过山车一样刺激。作者是借助过山车这种生活化的例子，帮助读者理解这种“心流”的心理现象，以此说明电影所能带来的兴奋，故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Sadly, the intensity of the emotions that movies produce in us may be decreasing. At home,or on our smart phones, movies are wonderfully convenient. But watching in this way limits their magic because we’re in control; we have the power to stop the film or fast forward bits we don’t like.（可悲的是，电影在我们身上产生的情感强度可能正在下降。在家里，或者在我们的智能手机上，看电影非常方便。但是以这种方式观看会限制他们的魔力，因为我们在控制之中；我们有权停止电影或快进我们不喜欢的片段。） ”可知，自己在家用手机看电影，这种体验感会减弱，会限制电影的魔力，也就是说只有在电影院，我们无权停止或暂停电影时，我们才有更好的观影体验。故选C。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第一段“As it happens, there is a special kind of magic, but it’s not in the movie. It’s in the minds of people who watch it. Dr. Norman Holland, professor of the University of Florida, believes this magic is particularly potent when we watch movies on the big screen.（碰巧，有一种特殊的魔法，但不是在电影中。它在观影者的脑海中。佛罗里达大学教授诺曼·霍兰德博士认为，当我们在大屏幕上观看电影时，这种魔力尤其有效。）”可知，本篇文章主要在给读者科普电影给我们大脑带来的魔力。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some people prefer to have a bite to eat before hitting the gym known as a fed workout. Others would like to wait until after exercising to refuel their bodies, called a fasted workout.___35___ Many experts say there’s no easy answer because it depends on the person.
If you want energy and strength for an ideal workout, you need fuel. A fed workout will provide your body with power. Eating before exercise may help you sustain longer sessions and lift heavier weights. ___36___ Muscle preservation is also an essential component of strengthening your body. Nitrogen (氮) is critical for processing protein that builds healthy muscles. People tend to lose less nitrogen during a fed workout than a fasted one.
Many fitness enthusiasts are not on board with this idea. They report feeling sick and inactive while trying to exercise after eating. With a fasted workout, you may not get the usual indigestion. Experts for fasted workouts further claim that eating afterwards makes your body use its fat reserves for energy, meaning you will burn more fat. ___37___ It can cause a sudden drop in your blood glucose (葡萄糖) levels, and you may feel dizzy. You may even be more likely to overeat.
___38___ Not all foods are created equal. For example, if you choose a fed workout, you’ll probably lose a lot of water during an intense training, so you should consider drinking some beforehand. With a fasted workout, it would help if you had some nutrition right after your session is complete. Drink some water. Then, have a light meal or nutritional snack.
Deciding when to eat for an ideal workout is a personal choice. Both fasted workouts and fed activities have their benefits and shortcomings. ___39___
A. However, a fasted workout might not work for you.
B. How your body will respond is based on your workout intensity.
C. These benefits can result in burning more fat and shaping a slimmer body.
D. To eat or not to eat, that is the question on many fitness enthusiasts’ minds.
E. Think thoroughly and discuss with your fitness instructor before taking a choice.
F. Knowing what to eat for an ideal workout is just as important as knowing when to eat.
G. A person doing a 30-minute session a day may not have a problem with fasted workouts.
【答案】35. D 36. C 37. A 38. F 39. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了进食锻炼和快速锻炼的优缺点，告诉人们在做出选择之前，彻底地考虑并与自己的健身教练讨论。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Some people prefer to have a bite to eat before hitting the gym, known as a fed workout. Others would like to wait until after exercising to refuel their bodies, called a fasted workout.(有些人喜欢在去健身房之前先吃点东西，这被称为“进食锻炼”(fed workout)。另一些人则喜欢等到运动结束后再给身体补充能量，这被称为快速锻炼。)”和下文“Many experts say there’s no easy answer because it depends on the person.(许多专家说这个问题没有简单的答案，因为这取决于个人。)”可知，空处提出关于“锻炼前吃或者不吃这个问题”。D项中地“the question”和下文的“answer”对应。D项：To eat or not to eat, that is the question on many fitness enthusiasts’ minds.( 吃还是不吃，这是许多健身爱好者心中的问题。)符合语境。故选D。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Eating before exercise may help you sustain longer sessions and lift heavier weights.(运动前吃点东西可以帮助你坚持更长时间，举起更重的重量。)”可知，此处说明了运动前吃东西的好处，与C项的“These benefits”对应。C项：These benefits can result in burning more fat and shaping a slimmer body.(这些好处可以燃烧更多的脂肪，塑造更苗条的身材。)符合语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Experts for fasted workouts further claim that eating afterwards makes your body use its fat reserves for energy, meaning you will burn more fat. (研究快速运动的专家进一步声称，在快速运动之后吃东西会让你的身体把储存的脂肪用作能量，这意味着你会燃烧更多的脂肪。)”和下文“It can cause a sudden drop in your blood glucose levels, and you may feel dizzy. (它会导致你的血糖水平突然下降，你可能会感到头晕。)”可知，上文提到快速运动的好处，下文提到快速运动的危害，上下文之间形成转折关系。A项：However, a fasted workout might not work for you.(然而，快速锻炼可能并不适合你。)符合语境。故选A。
【38题详解】
根据下文“Not all foods are created equal. (并不是所有的食物都生而一样。)”可知，空处提到锻炼应该吃什么很重要。F项：Knowing what to eat for an ideal workout is just as important as knowing when to eat. (知道理想的锻炼应该吃什么和知道什么时候吃一样重要。)符合语境。故选F。
39题详解】
根据上文“Deciding when to eat for an ideal workout is a personal choice. Both fasted workouts and fed activities have their benefits and shortcomings.(决定何时进食进行理想的锻炼是个人的选择。快速锻炼和进食锻炼都有各自的优点和缺点。)”可知，本段讨论的是如何做出决定的问题，E项中的“before taking a choice.”与主旨对应。E项：Think thoroughly and discuss with your fitness instructor before taking a choice.(在做出选择之前，彻底地考虑并与你的健身教练讨论。)符合语境。故选E。
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Yuan Xin, who is now pursuing his doctoral degree, learned from a young age the only way for him to succeed was with his brain rather than brawn (体力).
At the age of three, a terrible accident cost Yuan his right arm. His parents didn’t send him to kindergarten but kept him home. The idea was to ease him into learning with family care and better prepare him for further education. They believed that knowledge can change one’s life.
When he entered primary school, he started receiving unwanted attention and some kids gave him nicknames. “I had doubts about myself then, but my parents told me to dismiss unfriendly noises and focus on learning,” he says. He buried his head in his books and, as a result, his academic performance stood out. It gradually brought him admiration and respect from people around him.
His academic strength saw him admitted to computer science of Wuhan University of Science and Technology. “I figured it was less demanding on the ‘hand’ and more about brainwork,” he says. However, he had his work cut out for him from the start. Before college, he hadn’t even touched a computer. He couldn’t make any sense of the first class, and had no clue about the keyboard. To catch up with the class, for the first term, Yuan spent his spare time studying and practicing in the computer room of the school library.
Yuan took every learning opportunity seriously and always followed up with his own actions. When he saw keyboards gathering dust and failing to work properly afterwards, he thought of setting up a protection cover over the keypads. He then spent half a year looking into the subject, consulting his professor and experimenting. Later he developed an idea and got a patent for it.
With his remaining hand, Yuan has come up with original designs and patents that have earned him more than 60 prizes and awards. “Although there might be many hard situations to face, I will make progress as long as I work for it,” he says.
40. Why did Yuan’s parents keep him home rather than send him to kindergarten?
____________________________________________________________
41. How did Yuan respond to his classmates’ unfriendliness?
____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Yuan spent his spare time in his first term working hard in the computer room because he wanted to develop his ideas and get patents.
____________________________________________________________
43. Among Yuan’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why? (In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Because they wanted to ease him into learning with family care and better prepare him for further education.
41. He had doubts about himself at first, but then buried his head in his books.
42. Yuan spent his spare time in his first term working hard in the computer room because he wanted to develop his ideas and get patents.
Yuan spent his spare time in his first term working hard in the computer room because he wanted to catch up with the class.
43. Optimism must be ranked number one among Yuan’s qualities. Because it can bring us mental power. If we aren’t optimistic, we couldn’t move on in our life confronting failures, miseries or sufferings. It is optimism that enables us to regain confidence, courage and hope. (44 words)
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了独臂博士袁鑫通过学习改变命运的励志故事。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“His parents didn’t send him to kindergarten but kept him home. The idea was to ease him into learning with family care and better prepare him for further education.(他的父母没有送他上幼儿园，而是让他呆在家里。这样做的目的是让他在家人的照顾下轻松地学习，更好地为进一步的教育做准备。)”可知，袁鑫的父母把他留在家里而不是送他去幼儿园，因为他们想让他在家人的照顾下轻松地学习，更好地为进一步的教育做准备。故答案是Because they wanted to ease him into learning with family care and better prepare him for further education.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段““I had doubts about myself then, but my parents told me to dismiss unfriendly noises and focus on learning,” he says. He buried his head in his books and, as a result, his academic performance stood out.(“当时我对自己也有过怀疑，但父母告诉我，不要理会不友好的噪音，专心学习。”他埋头读书，结果他的学习成绩很突出。)”可知，面对同学们的不友好，他起初怀疑自己，但后来埋头读书了。故答案是He had doubts about himself at first, but then buried his head in his books.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“To catch up with the class, for the first term, Yuan spent his spare time studying and practicing in the computer room of the school library.(为了跟上进度，第一学期，袁鑫利用业余时间在学校图书馆的电脑室里学习和练习。)”可知，袁鑫在第一学期的业余时间都在电脑室努力学习和练习，因为他想赶上课程进度。故答案是Yuan spent his spare time in his first term working hard in the computer room because he wanted to develop his ideas and get patents. Yuan spent his spare time in his first term working hard in the computer room because he wanted to catch up with the class.
【43题详解】
考查开放性试题。本题为开放性试题，言之有理即可。故答案是Optimism must be ranked number one among Yuan’s qualities. Because it can bring us mental power. If we aren’t optimistic, we couldn’t move on in our life confronting failures, miseries or sufferings. It is optimism that enables us to regain confidence, courage and hope. (44 words)（仅供参考）
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校正在举办“大美中国”(The Beauty of China)文创作品比赛。你的英国好友Jim是中国文化爱好者，请你给他写信做个介绍，内容包括：
1.比赛目的与作品形式;
2.你的参赛作品与设计理念。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：文创作品creative culture products
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jim,
A creative culture products competition entitled " the Beauty of China" is being held in our school. Learning that you are a Chinese culture lover, I'm writing to introduce some information to you briefly.
The competition is intended to help the students know more about Chinese culture and spread it widely, which can enrich our knowledge and strengthen our national sense of pride. In the competition, the participants are allowed to choose any form of products they like to show their design philosophy as long as it is consistent with the theme of the competition. Being a fan for Peking Opera，I designed a white T-shirt for the contest, with two different pictures of Peking Opera Facial Masks on the front and back respectively to present the beauty of Chinese traditional art culture.
I would like to provide you with more details if you need and I believe you will be interested. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim写封信，介绍我校正在举办的“大美中国”文创作品比赛，了解比赛目的和作品形式，以及考生的参赛作品和设计理念。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
比赛：competition→contest
参赛者：participant→competitor
允许：allow→permit
加强、增强：strengthen→enhance
提供：provide→supply
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： A creative culture products competition entitled " the Beauty of China" is being held in our school.
拓展句： A creative culture products competition that is entitled " the Beauty of China" is being held in our school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 The competition is intended to help the students know more about Chinese culture and spread it widely, which can enrich our knowledge and strengthen our national sense of pride. （运用了被动语态、以which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】In the competition, the participants are allowed to choose any form of products they like to show their design philosophy as long as it is consistent with the theme of the competition.（运用了被动语态、省略关系代词which/that的定语从句和以as long as引导的条件状语从句）
北京市朝阳区2022～2023学年度第一学期期中质量检测
高三英语
(考试时间90分钟 满分100分)
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The moment Kareem went into the waiting room, his nervousness increased dramatically. Mateo, his opponent, was sitting there, with his ___1___ resting on his knee. The two would ___2___for the last opening at the music school. Kareem could tell Mateo was ___3___, just like he’d always been.
Kareem sat and closed his eyes, trying to ignore Mateo’s calmness, a sharp contrast to his own ___4___. To relieve the tension, Kareem began tuning his guitar.
Suddenly a deafening noise came and Kareem froze at the noise. A broken E string ___5___from Kareem’s guitar. He’d over-tightened the string, causing it to break. Then, he ___6___ his bag for another set of strings. ___7___, Kareem brought no strings for replacement.
As his turn was approaching, Kareem felt ___8___. Now there was no choice. He stood up slowly and walked to Mateo,“Would you happen to have a spare E string?”
Mateo shook his head, “Sorry.” Kareem nodded and whispered that he understood.
Just then Kareem’s name was called. He was rooted to the ground and was about to quit when he noticed Mateo’s arm outstretched, holding his guitar out to him.
“Here, use mine, ” Kareem’s mouth ___9___ as Mateo added, “Do your best, man.”
The professor asked Kareem what to play. He hesitated, “I’ll be playing Bach’s Bourree in E minor, with my...my friend’s guitar.“
As Kareem walked toward the stage door, he looked back at Mateo with a shared___10___ as if to say they were friends.
1. A. coat B. phone C. guitar D. book
2. A. compete B. vote C. argue D. stand
3. A. active B. popular C. ready D. proud
4. A. sorrow B. anxiety C. shame D. anger
5. A. showed up B. came back C. fell apart D. hung down
6. A. spotted B. searched C. packed D. held
7. A. Simply B. Naturally C. Sadly D. Seriously
8. A. hopeless B. careless C. guilty D. lonely
9. A. hurt B. shut C. watered D. dropped
10. A. smile B. hope C. interest D. view
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了卡里姆和马特奥竞争音乐学校的最后一个职位，但卡里姆的吉他琴弦断了，关键时刻马特奥慷慨地帮助了卡里姆，两人成为了朋友。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的对手马特奥坐在那里，把吉他放在膝盖上。A. coat外套；B. phone电话；C. guitar吉他；D. book书。根据下文“To relieve the tension, Kareem began tuning his guitar.”和“He was rooted to the ground and was about to quit when he noticed Mateo’s arm outstretched, holding his guitar out to him.”可知，卡里姆和马特奥竞争的是音乐学校的职位，都带了吉它。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人将竞争音乐学校最后一个职位。A. compete竞争；B. vote投票；C. argue争论；D. stand站立。根据上文“his opponent”和下文“the last opening at the music school”可知，卡里姆和马特奥是竞争音乐学校的职位。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卡里姆看得出马特奥已经准备好了，就像他一直以来一样。A. active积极主动的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. ready准备好的；D. proud自豪的。根据下文“Kareem sat and closed his eyes, trying to ignore Mateo’s calmness”可知，马特奥非常冷静，说明他胸有成竹，已经准备好了。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：卡里姆坐着，闭上眼睛，试图忽略马特奥的冷静，这与他自己的焦虑形成了鲜明的对比。A. sorrow悲伤；B. anxiety焦虑；C. shame羞耻；D. anger愤怒。根据下文“To relieve the tension, Kareem began tuning his guitar.”可知，卡里姆感到紧张和焦虑。故选B项。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一根断了的E弦从卡里姆的吉他上垂了来下。A. showed up露面；B. came back回来；C. fell apart崩溃；D. hung down垂下。根据句中“broken E string”可知，琴弦断了，所以垂了来下。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他在包里寻找另一组琴弦。A. spotted看见；B. searched搜寻；C. packed打包；D. held握住。卡里姆的吉他琴弦断了，结合句中“his bag for another set of strings”可知，卡里姆想找备用琴弦。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，卡里姆没有带来任何替代条件。A. Simply仅仅；B. Naturally自然地；C. Sadly悲哀地；D. Seriously严重地。根据句中“Kareem brought no strings for replacement.”可知，卡里姆并没有备用琴弦，很不幸。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：轮到卡里姆的时候，卡里姆感到绝望。A. hopeless无望的；B. careless粗心大意的；C. guilty内疚的；D. lonely孤单的。卡里姆并未找到备用琴弦，句中结合“As his turn was approaching”可知，表演马上开始了，卡里姆感到绝望。故选A项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当马特奥接着说：“尽你所能，伙计。”，卡里姆惊掉了下巴。A. hurt使受伤；B. shut关闭；C. watered浇水；D. dropped掉落。根据上文可知，卡里姆和马特奥是竞争对手，但马特奥现在居然把自己的吉它借给卡里姆，这让卡里姆感到震惊；mouth drop可理解为“惊得下巴掉了下来”。故选D项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当卡里姆走向舞台门时，他回头看着马特奥，脸上带着共同的微笑，似乎在说他们是朋友。A. smile微笑；B. hope希望；C. interest兴趣；D. view观点。根据上文可知，虽然卡里姆和马特奥是竞争对手，但在关键时刻马特奥帮助了卡里姆。结合句中“as if to say they were friends”可知，这一刻他们成了朋友，所以两人相视而笑。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I enjoyed a lovable college time both on campus and at home. At college, I joined a variety of clubs to enrich my life. As the term was drawing to an end, I ___11___(plan) to do plenty of things during the vacation. First of all, I wanted to help my mother ___12___ housework. I also wished to finish the thickest book ___13___ had been recommended by my teacher. It turned out that everything went smoothly as I expected.
【答案】11. planned
12. with 13. that
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文的节选。这一部分主要描述了作者对即将到来的假期生活的计划。
【11题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：随着这学期即将结束，我计划在假期期间做大量的事情。根据句中“as”引导的状语从句的谓语动词“was drawing”，并结合句意，此处应用一般过去时。故答案为planned。
【12题详解】
考查介词和动词短语。句意：首先，我想帮妈妈做些家务。分析句子可知，此处应用介词；动词短语help sb with sth意为：帮助某人某事，符合句意。故答案为with。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我也希望看完老师推荐的最厚的那本书。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“the thickest book”,关系代词在定语从句中作主语；因“book”前有最高级“thickest”修饰，只能用关系代词that。故答案为that。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Extreme heat is becoming increasingly common across the globe. It is an ___14___ (extreme)dangerous weather condition where the temperatures are much hotter than average. It’s clear that how hot future summers will get depends on ___15___ humans do to stop climate change.Governments appeal to people to reduce greenhouse ___16___ (gas)—like methane (甲烷) and carbon dioxide (CO2) -in the atmosphere. Also, they will set up public cooling stations ___17___(protect) people at risk.
【答案】14. extremely
15. what 16. gases
17. to protect
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章主要说明极热天气在全球正变得越来越普遍，政府呼吁人们减少温室气体的排放，采取措施阻止气候的改变。
【14题详解】
考查副词。句意：这是一种极度危险的天气条件，在这种天气下，气温远高于平均温度。分析句子可知，此处应为副词，修饰形容词“dangerous”。故填extremely。
【15题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：显然，未来夏天有多热取决于人类做什么来阻止气候改变。分析句子可知，“depends on”后跟宾语从句，所以此处应为连接词，在从句中作“do”的宾语，表示做什么事情，用连接代词what。故填what。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：政府呼吁人们减少温室气体-像甲烷和二氧化碳-排放到大气中。分析句子可知，此处应为名词；根据破折号后面列举的甲烷和二氧化碳可知，gas应用复数形式。故填gases。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：而且，他们也希望建立公共制冷站以保护有风险的人们。分析句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词；根据句意，建立制冷站的目的是保护有风险的人，所以应用动词不定式to protect，作目的状语。故填to protect。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Sanxingdui Ruins site in Sichuan province, ___18___ (consider) as one of the greatest findings of mankind in the 20th century, has continued to amaze the world. Since May, 2001, more than 500 cultural relics ___19___ (find) at the site, including bronze ware (青铜器), gold and bronze masks and so on. Among them, a gold mask is catching the world’s attention. It’s 37.2 cm wide, 16.5 cm high and ___20___(weigh) about 100 grams, which is strong proof of the existence of ancient Shu state.
【答案】18. considered
19. have been found
20. weighs
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三星堆遗址。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：四川省的三星堆遗址被认为是20世纪人类最伟大的发现之一，一直在让世界惊叹。分析句子可知，consider是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The Sanxingdui Ruins site之间是被动关系，应用过去分词considered表被动，作后置定语。故填considered。
【19题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：自2001年5月以来，在该遗址发现了500多件文物，包括青铜器、黄金和青铜面具等。提示词是谓语动词，与主语more than 500 cultural relics之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“Since May, 2001”可知，应用现在完成时态，主语是复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been found。
【20题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：它宽37.2厘米，高16.5厘米，重约100克，是古蜀国存在的有力证据。分析句子可知，提示词与is是并列关系，是谓语动词，陈述客观事情，用一般现在时态；weigh表示“重……”，是不及物动词，无被动语态；主语It是单数代词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填weighs。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Most kids spent their summer holidays playing video-games watching TV and sleeping in.Parents can follow the steps below, and your kids can break their summertime tech habits and adapt to a school-friendly schedule in two weeks.
Shift bedtime
There’s nothing more important to kicking off the school year successfully than getting sufficient sleep. Two weeks before school begins, schedule bedtime back by about 20 minutes a night to stop kids staying up late or sleeping in. Instead of a long, fun bathtime, switch to a quick shower. Keep all digital devices out of their bedrooms and buy them alarm clocks.
Set screen goals
Having intentional goals for screen use can help kids change their tech habits. You might decide to make screen time a reward rather than a right. Set limits on digital activities such as no videogames until they complete homework. Don’t jump to no apps but consider using apps that control the length of time kids can use a device. Establish zones in your house where electronics simply are not allowed. Besides, get your kids involved in activities that don’t need a screen.
Make a schedule
A summer spent without routine can make jumping back into the structure of school difficult for kids. Setting a schedule for the last two weeks of summer can work. Ms. Rawson, founder of the Screen Time Clinic, suggests creating blocks of time that mirror those of the school day,arranging 30 to 50 minutes for an activity, depending on the kid’s age, along with a set lunchtime. Kids should have a say in deciding how to fill the day’s time blocks. The activities can involve anything but screens.
21. Before the new school year begins, kids can shift bedtime by .
A taking a long bath B. sleeping in a lot
C. using phones as alarm clocks D. moving to bed earlier
22. According to the passage, what should parents do to adjust kids’ screen time?
A. Manage homework time with apps.
B. Forbid them from using electronics.
C. Reserve areas for screen-free activities.
D. Remove apps from their digital devices.
23. A school-friendly schedule should
A. reflect individual needs of kids
B. copy the exact school timetables
C. start from the beginning of holidays
D. combine study with digital entertainment
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提出了一些建议，帮助孩子们在两周内改掉他们的暑假科技习惯，适应学校的课程表。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Two weeks before school begins, schedule bedtime back by about 20 minutes a night to stop kids staying up late or sleeping in.(开学前两周，每晚把就寝时间提前20分钟，防止孩子熬夜或睡过头。)”可知，在新学年开始之前，孩子们可以通过提前睡觉来改变睡觉时间。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Establish zones in your house where electronics simply are not allowed.(在家里设置一些不允许使用电子产品的区域。)”可知，家长应预留无屏幕活动区域，调整孩子的屏幕时间。故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ms. Rawson, founder of the Screen Time Clinic, suggests creating blocks of time that mirror those of the school day, arranging 30 to 50 minutes for an activity, depending on the kid’s age, along with a set lunchtime. Kids should have a say in deciding how to fill the day’s time blocks.(屏幕时间诊所(Screen Time Clinic)的创始人罗森建议，根据孩子的年龄安排30到50分钟的活动时间，并在午餐时间安排好。孩子们应该对如何安排一天的时间有发言权。)”可知，对学校的课程表应该能够反映孩子们的个人需求。故选A。
B
Brian Schwartz became one of the many to turn jobless under the epidemic. For Brian, the timing could not have been worse. It was a stressful time between a wife carrying a baby, a dad battling brain cancer, and everything else going on in the news.
Brian needed to do something productive and he turned to mow mowing lawns for stress relief. “I just decided to create my own good news, really just as a time filler,” says Brian. He wanted to help neighbors, just keeping himself busy mentally and physically. Brian offered his lawnmowing service free to seniors and people with disabilities in his community.
As word spread of his good acts, the local media began picking up on the story. The attention got Brian thinking. There was clearly a broader need for what he was offering. So he decided to launch a website, loanttomowyourlaen.com, and a kindness movement was born. Pretty soon, Brian had a large crowd of clients needing others to mow their lawns and an army of volunteers, from 18-year-olds in college to recent retirees. As news of his organization spread, he also began to attract donations to help with operating costs, which encouraged him to turn the service into a nonprofit.
As the organization has evolved (演变), Brian has expanded his offerings to include other services like removing trees and clearing snow. But he believes the benefit of what his team does goes way beyond the practical. “We are not only providing them with financial relief,” he says. “It’s mental and physical relief as well. And we’re hearing feedback not only directly from the people we’re helping, but also from their neighbors who thank us for helping make the community better. And I’m even receiving occasional letters from people that we might not even help, but they might have just been at the time looking for some uplifting news.”
lwanttomouwyourlawn.com has become a passion. Not least of all for the benefits the kindness brings. “It stimulates my mind, my body and my soul just by helping others,” he says. “It’s a really good feeling. I feel like I’m doing something that has some meaning and purpose.”
24. What got Brian into a bad situation?
A. Taking care of a baby. B. Being out of work.
C. Fighting against cancer. D. Being reported in news.
25. Why did Brian create the website?
A. To gain more public attention.
B. To provide a wider range of services.
C. To raise donations for people in need.
D. To collect news of kindness movements.
26. What can we learn about Brian’s organization?
A. It puts forward plans on bettering the community.
B. It requires people to give feedback on the offerings.
C. It reduces the unemployment among people in need.
D. It gives people spiritual support as well as direct help.
27. What can we conclude from this passage?
A. Good things take time. B. Every moment matters.
C. We rise by lifting others. D. Fame brings opportunities.
【答案】24. B 25. B 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了布莱恩·施瓦茨(Brian Schwartz)成为疫情失业背景下，免费为社区的老年人和残疾人提供修剪草坪的服务，创办一个网站loanttomowyourlaen.com帮助更多需要服务的人，既帮助了别人，也升华了自己。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Brian Schwartz became one of the many to turn jobless under the epidemic.(布莱恩·施瓦茨(Brian Schwartz)成为疫情下失业的众多人之一。)”可知，失业使布莱恩陷入了困境。故选B。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“There was clearly a broader need for what he was offering. So he decided to launch a website, loanttomowyourlaen.com,and a kindness movement was born.(显然，他所提供的东西有更广泛的需求。于是，他决定创办一个网站loanttomowyourlaen.com，一场善意运动就此诞生)”可知，Brian创立网站是为了提供更广泛的服务。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““We are not only providing them with financial relief,” he says. “It’s mental and physical relief as well.”(“我们不仅为他们提供经济援助，”他说。“这是精神和身体上的放松。”)”可知，Brian的组织给人们精神上的支持以及直接的帮助。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“lwanttomouwyourlawn.com has become a passion. Not least of all for the benefits the kindness brings. “It stimulates my mind, my body and my soul just by helping others,” he says. “It’s a really good feeling. I feel like I’m doing something that has some meaning and purpose.”(Lwanttomouwyourlawn.com已经成为一种激情。尤其是这种善意所带来的好处。“通过帮助他人，它刺激了我的思想、身体和灵魂。这种感觉真的很好。我觉得我做的事情是有意义和目的的。”)”可知，我们从文章中能得出我们通过帮助别人而得到升华。故选C。
C
Fossil by fossil, the story of the birds becomes clearer. It is now well established that modern birds are actually a group of dinosaurs, which survived a crash between the earth and a small planet 66m years ago. This impact wiped out the rest of the dinosaur world, along with a lot of other creatures.
Recently a paper, published in Nature, has released the details of a fossil, which those studying it believe provides our earliest view of what modern birds were like during the initial stages of their evolutional history. The fossil in question is called Asteriornis maastrichtensis. As its name suggests, the rock containing it was dug from deposits(沉积层)found near Maastricht. These deposits are between 66.8m and 66.7m years old.
This particular rock interested palaeontologists(古生物学家)because it included visible leg bones that looked as though they belonged to a bird. Such ancient fossils are rare, so instead of chancing their arms by using physical or chemical methods to explore the rock for more remains,Daniel Field of Cambridge University and his colleagues employed a CT scan, a process more familiar to most people as a medical-scanning technique. The result, an image of the animal’s skull with false colours added to clarify which bits are which, can be seen in the picture.
Asteriornis maastrichtensis does indeed turn out to be a member of the modern birds. Specifically, it is part of the Galloanserae, which includes both land fowl(家禽),such as chickens and its relatives, and modern waterfowl, like ducks and the like. The skull of Asteriornis maastrichtensis exhibits features of both groups, so it most probably predates the division between them. And its discovery in Europe opens up the debate about whether modern birds originated in the southern part of the earth, as has been proposed.
As to what it looked like when alive, the animal’s left upper leg, its best-preserved bone besides those of its skull, suggests Asteriornis maastrichtensis was a long-legged creature that marched around. This, and evidence that the rock it was preserved in was originally part of a fossil shoreline,has led to reconstructions of modern waterfowl.
Asteriornis maastrichtensis shows that a single fossil can help to nail down previously uncertain dates. The age of the fossil, in fact, suggests that those previous estimates, based on so-called molecular clocks(分子钟),might have overestimated how early the modern birds arose.Based on the discovery of Asteriornis maastrichtensis, the smart money is now on the modern birds as a group being only a little older than the dinosaur-killing impact itself.
28. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. The details of the fossil are still in doubt.
B. The deposits were named after the fossil.
C. The crash caused the extinction of dinosaurs.
D. The fossil is seen as the oldest modern bird skull.
29. What can be inferred about Asteriornis maastrichtensis from the passage?
A. It attracts palaeontologists as a rare ancient species.
B. It can present the whole picture of modern waterfowl.
C. It allows researchers to confirm where modern birds emerged.
D. It may be the common ancestor of modern chickens and ducks.
30. According to the passage, the author may agree that_______.
A. fossils promote the accuracy of historical dates
B. it’s not wise to dig the deposits for more remains
C. we can’t trust fossils more than molecular clocks
D. more investment should be made to study fossils
【答案】28. D 29. D 30. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了最近，一篇发表在《自然》杂志上的论文公布了一块化石的细节，研究它的人认为，这为我们提供了关于现代鸟类在进化史的最初阶段是什么样子的最早观点。这个化石被称为马斯特里赫特Asteriornis maastrichtensis。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Recently a paper, published in Nature, has released the details of a fossil, which those studying it believe provides our earliest view of what modern birds were like during the initial stages of their evolutional history.(最近，一篇发表在《自然》杂志上的论文公布了一块化石的细节，研究它的人认为，这为我们提供了关于现代鸟类在进化史的最初阶段是什么样子的最早观点。)”可知，这块化石被认为是最古老的现代鸟类头骨。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Asteriornis maastrichtensis does indeed turn out to be a member of the modern birds. Specifically, it is part of the Galloanserae, which includes both land fowl(家禽),such as chickens and its relatives, and modern waterfowl, like ducks and the like.( 马斯特里赫特Asteriornis maastrichtensis确实是现代鸟类的一员。具体来说，它是加洛雁科的一部分，包括陆禽，如鸡及其近亲，和现代水禽，如鸭子等。)”可推知，Asteriornis maastrichtensis可能是现代鸡和鸭的共同祖先。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Asteriornis maastrichtensis shows that a single fossil can help to nail down previously uncertain dates.(马斯特里赫特Asteriornis maastrichtensis表明，一个化石可以帮助确定之前不确定的日期。)”可知，作者可能会同意化石提高了历史年代的准确性。故选A。
D
During the final scenes of the movie, Lord of the Rings: Return of the King, we experience the full range of emotions. We hold our breath as the fire surrounds Frodo; we cheer when Gandalf saves him. So what’s going on? There must be a special kind of movie magic that makes us care about what we know isn’t real. As it happens, there is a special kind of magic, but it’s not in the movie. It’s in the minds of people who watch it. Dr. Norman Holland, professor of the University of Florida, believes this magic is particularly potent when we watch movies on the big screen.
”The first thing that happens,“ he argues, ”is that you give up control. The movie is in control.”In normal life our brains are like tractor beams(牵引光束),busy taking in any information that seems important or interesting. This is called the attentional system. But as the characters come alive on screen, we stop sensing our body. Psychologists call this kind of mental state “flow”: when our attention is completely absorbed in one activity and there isn’t any juice left in our attentional system to take in any more information. We are effortlessly swept along in the currents of the ride. This is why we love the movies: it’s like going on a roller coaster(过山车) for the brain.
But there’s another kind of magic at work here too; in a movie theater, as we give up control,our sense of reality changes. Deep down we know that what we’re seeing is make-believe, but because we’re not going to act upon it, because it doesn’t have a direct physical bearing upon us,we don’t test if it is real. It’s like that part of our brain goes on a temporary vacation. Something else is happening in the brain to make this possible too. The mind has different abilities, and each one has a distinct place in the brain. Our knowledge that we’re only watching a movie happens in the front part of our brain.But emotions come from the limbie system(边缘系统),in the back of the brain. Even though our front brain knows that a movie isn’t real, the back brain never gets them essage.
Sadly, the intensity of the emotions that movies produce in us may be decreasing. At home,or on our smart phones, movies are wonderfully convenient. But watching in this way limits their magic because we’re in control; we have the power to stop the film or fast forward bits we don’t like. “If you’re not giving up control to the movie,“ Holland says, ”you’re getting a thinned-out movie experience.“ More control might be more convenient, but it won’t mean more magic.Surely, we deserve better than that, and Frodo does too.
31. What does the underlined word ”potent“ in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Complicated. B. Effective. C. Subjective. D. Temporary.
32. Why does the author mention a roller coaster?
A. To illustrate the excitement that a movie can provide.
B. To explain the filmmaking techniques used by directors.
C. To demonstrate the working state of the attentional system.
D. To describe psychological methods involved in seeing a movie.
33. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Distinct parts of our brain are interactive.
B. The limbic system can help us sense the reality.
C. Going to theaters creates better viewing experience.
D. Movies on phones can take us to the state of flow easily.
34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Your Brain on Movies
B. Emotions out of Control
C. The Rise of Movie Theatres
D. Different Choices of Moviegoers
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在我们观看电影时可以体验全方位的情感。这是一种特殊的魔力，但它不在电影中，而是在观影者的脑海中。当我们在大屏幕上观看电影时，这种魔力尤其强大。
【31题详解】
词义猜测题。由文章第一段最后一句“Dr. Norman Holland, professor of the University of Florida, believes this magic is particularly potent when we watch movies on the big screen.（佛罗里达大学教授诺曼·霍兰德博士认为，当我们在大屏幕上观看电影时，这种魔力尤其potent 。）”以及最后一段第三句“ But watching in this way limits their magic because we’re in control（但是以这种方式观看会限制它们的魔力，因为我们在控制之中） ”可知，在大荧幕上看电影时，这种魔力会很明显，如果在家用手机看，虽然便捷但这种魔力被削弱了，依次推断potent是“有效的，强有力的”的意思，等同于effective 。故选B。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“Psychologists call this kind of mental state “flow”: when our attention is completely absorbed in one activity and there isn’t any juice left in our attentional system to take in any more information. We are effortlessly swept along in the currents of the ride. This is why we love the movies: it’s like going on a roller coaster(过山车) for the brain.（心理学家将这种心理状态称为“心流”：当我们的注意力完全集中在一项活动中，注意力系统中没有剩余的能量来吸收更多的信息。我们毫不费力地顺流而下。这就是我们喜欢电影的原因：就像大脑坐过山车一样。）”可知，我们看电影时注意力很集中，我们的大脑不再忙于接收任何看起来重要或有趣的信息，不再感觉到自己的身体，毫不费力地被卷入剧情中，所以我们看电影时就像大脑在坐过山车一样刺激。作者是借助过山车这种生活化的例子，帮助读者理解这种“心流”的心理现象，以此说明电影所能带来的兴奋，故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Sadly, the intensity of the emotions that movies produce in us may be decreasing. At home,or on our smart phones, movies are wonderfully convenient. But watching in this way limits their magic because we’re in control; we have the power to stop the film or fast forward bits we don’t like.（可悲的是，电影在我们身上产生的情感强度可能正在下降。在家里，或者在我们的智能手机上，看电影非常方便。但是以这种方式观看会限制他们的魔力，因为我们在控制之中；我们有权停止电影或快进我们不喜欢的片段。） ”可知，自己在家用手机看电影，这种体验感会减弱，会限制电影的魔力，也就是说只有在电影院，我们无权停止或暂停电影时，我们才有更好的观影体验。故选C。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第一段“As it happens, there is a special kind of magic, but it’s not in the movie. It’s in the minds of people who watch it. Dr. Norman Holland, professor of the University of Florida, believes this magic is particularly potent when we watch movies on the big screen.（碰巧，有一种特殊的魔法，但不是在电影中。它在观影者的脑海中。佛罗里达大学教授诺曼·霍兰德博士认为，当我们在大屏幕上观看电影时，这种魔力尤其有效。）”可知，本篇文章主要在给读者科普电影给我们大脑带来的魔力。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some people prefer to have a bite to eat before hitting the gym known as a fed workout. Others would like to wait until after exercising to refuel their bodies, called a fasted workout.___35___ Many experts say there’s no easy answer because it depends on the person.
If you want energy and strength for an ideal workout, you need fuel. A fed workout will provide your body with power. Eating before exercise may help you sustain longer sessions and lift heavier weights. ___36___ Muscle preservation is also an essential component of strengthening your body. Nitrogen (氮) is critical for processing protein that builds healthy muscles. People tend to lose less nitrogen during a fed workout than a fasted one.
Many fitness enthusiasts are not on board with this idea. They report feeling sick and inactive while trying to exercise after eating. With a fasted workout, you may not get the usual indigestion. Experts for fasted workouts further claim that eating afterwards makes your body use its fat reserves for energy, meaning you will burn more fat. ___37___ It can cause a sudden drop in your blood glucose (葡萄糖) levels, and you may feel dizzy. You may even be more likely to overeat.
___38___ Not all foods are created equal. For example, if you choose a fed workout, you’ll probably lose a lot of water during an intense training, so you should consider drinking some beforehand. With a fasted workout, it would help if you had some nutrition right after your session is complete. Drink some water. Then, have a light meal or nutritional snack.
Deciding when to eat for an ideal workout is a personal choice. Both fasted workouts and fed activities have their benefits and shortcomings. ___39___
A. However, a fasted workout might not work for you.
B. How your body will respond is based on your workout intensity.
C. These benefits can result in burning more fat and shaping a slimmer body.
D. To eat or not to eat, that is the question on many fitness enthusiasts’ minds.
E. Think thoroughly and discuss with your fitness instructor before taking a choice.
F. Knowing what to eat for an ideal workout is just as important as knowing when to eat.
G. A person doing a 30-minute session a day may not have a problem with fasted workouts.
【答案】35. D 36. C 37. A 38. F 39. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了进食锻炼和快速锻炼的优缺点，告诉人们在做出选择之前，彻底地考虑并与自己的健身教练讨论。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Some people prefer to have a bite to eat before hitting the gym, known as a fed workout. Others would like to wait until after exercising to refuel their bodies, called a fasted workout.(有些人喜欢在去健身房之前先吃点东西，这被称为“进食锻炼”(fed workout)。另一些人则喜欢等到运动结束后再给身体补充能量，这被称为快速锻炼。)”和下文“Many experts say there’s no easy answer because it depends on the person.(许多专家说这个问题没有简单的答案，因为这取决于个人。)”可知，空处提出关于“锻炼前吃或者不吃这个问题”。D项中地“the question”和下文的“answer”对应。D项：To eat or not to eat, that is the question on many fitness enthusiasts’ minds.( 吃还是不吃，这是许多健身爱好者心中的问题。)符合语境。故选D。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Eating before exercise may help you sustain longer sessions and lift heavier weights.(运动前吃点东西可以帮助你坚持更长时间，举起更重的重量。)”可知，此处说明了运动前吃东西的好处，与C项的“These benefits”对应。C项：These benefits can result in burning more fat and shaping a slimmer body.(这些好处可以燃烧更多的脂肪，塑造更苗条的身材。)符合语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Experts for fasted workouts further claim that eating afterwards makes your body use its fat reserves for energy, meaning you will burn more fat. (研究快速运动的专家进一步声称，在快速运动之后吃东西会让你的身体把储存的脂肪用作能量，这意味着你会燃烧更多的脂肪。)”和下文“It can cause a sudden drop in your blood glucose levels, and you may feel dizzy. (它会导致你的血糖水平突然下降，你可能会感到头晕。)”可知，上文提到快速运动的好处，下文提到快速运动的危害，上下文之间形成转折关系。A项：However, a fasted workout might not work for you.(然而，快速锻炼可能并不适合你。)符合语境。故选A。
【38题详解】
根据下文“Not all foods are created equal. (并不是所有的食物都生而一样。)”可知，空处提到锻炼应该吃什么很重要。F项：Knowing what to eat for an ideal workout is just as important as knowing when to eat. (知道理想的锻炼应该吃什么和知道什么时候吃一样重要。)符合语境。故选F。
39题详解】
根据上文“Deciding when to eat for an ideal workout is a personal choice. Both fasted workouts and fed activities have their benefits and shortcomings.(决定何时进食进行理想的锻炼是个人的选择。快速锻炼和进食锻炼都有各自的优点和缺点。)”可知，本段讨论的是如何做出决定的问题，E项中的“before taking a choice.”与主旨对应。E项：Think thoroughly and discuss with your fitness instructor before taking a choice.(在做出选择之前，彻底地考虑并与你的健身教练讨论。)符合语境。故选E。
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Yuan Xin, who is now pursuing his doctoral degree, learned from a young age the only way for him to succeed was with his brain rather than brawn (体力).
At the age of three, a terrible accident cost Yuan his right arm. His parents didn’t send him to kindergarten but kept him home. The idea was to ease him into learning with family care and better prepare him for further education. They believed that knowledge can change one’s life.
When he entered primary school, he started receiving unwanted attention and some kids gave him nicknames. “I had doubts about myself then, but my parents told me to dismiss unfriendly noises and focus on learning,” he says. He buried his head in his books and, as a result, his academic performance stood out. It gradually brought him admiration and respect from people around him.
His academic strength saw him admitted to computer science of Wuhan University of Science and Technology. “I figured it was less demanding on the ‘hand’ and more about brainwork,” he says. However, he had his work cut out for him from the start. Before college, he hadn’t even touched a computer. He couldn’t make any sense of the first class, and had no clue about the keyboard. To catch up with the class, for the first term, Yuan spent his spare time studying and practicing in the computer room of the school library.
Yuan took every learning opportunity seriously and always followed up with his own actions. When he saw keyboards gathering dust and failing to work properly afterwards, he thought of setting up a protection cover over the keypads. He then spent half a year looking into the subject, consulting his professor and experimenting. Later he developed an idea and got a patent for it.
With his remaining hand, Yuan has come up with original designs and patents that have earned him more than 60 prizes and awards. “Although there might be many hard situations to face, I will make progress as long as I work for it,” he says.
40. Why did Yuan’s parents keep him home rather than send him to kindergarten?
____________________________________________________________
41. How did Yuan respond to his classmates’ unfriendliness?
____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Yuan spent his spare time in his first term working hard in the computer room because he wanted to develop his ideas and get patents.
____________________________________________________________
43. Among Yuan’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why? (In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Because they wanted to ease him into learning with family care and better prepare him for further education.
41. He had doubts about himself at first, but then buried his head in his books.
42. Yuan spent his spare time in his first term working hard in the computer room because he wanted to develop his ideas and get patents.
Yuan spent his spare time in his first term working hard in the computer room because he wanted to catch up with the class.
43. Optimism must be ranked number one among Yuan’s qualities. Because it can bring us mental power. If we aren’t optimistic, we couldn’t move on in our life confronting failures, miseries or sufferings. It is optimism that enables us to regain confidence, courage and hope. (44 words)
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了独臂博士袁鑫通过学习改变命运的励志故事。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“His parents didn’t send him to kindergarten but kept him home. The idea was to ease him into learning with family care and better prepare him for further education.(他的父母没有送他上幼儿园，而是让他呆在家里。这样做的目的是让他在家人的照顾下轻松地学习，更好地为进一步的教育做准备。)”可知，袁鑫的父母把他留在家里而不是送他去幼儿园，因为他们想让他在家人的照顾下轻松地学习，更好地为进一步的教育做准备。故答案是Because they wanted to ease him into learning with family care and better prepare him for further education.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段““I had doubts about myself then, but my parents told me to dismiss unfriendly noises and focus on learning,” he says. He buried his head in his books and, as a result, his academic performance stood out.(“当时我对自己也有过怀疑，但父母告诉我，不要理会不友好的噪音，专心学习。”他埋头读书，结果他的学习成绩很突出。)”可知，面对同学们的不友好，他起初怀疑自己，但后来埋头读书了。故答案是He had doubts about himself at first, but then buried his head in his books.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“To catch up with the class, for the first term, Yuan spent his spare time studying and practicing in the computer room of the school library.(为了跟上进度，第一学期，袁鑫利用业余时间在学校图书馆的电脑室里学习和练习。)”可知，袁鑫在第一学期的业余时间都在电脑室努力学习和练习，因为他想赶上课程进度。故答案是Yuan spent his spare time in his first term working hard in the computer room because he wanted to develop his ideas and get patents. Yuan spent his spare time in his first term working hard in the computer room because he wanted to catch up with the class.
【43题详解】
考查开放性试题。本题为开放性试题，言之有理即可。故答案是Optimism must be ranked number one among Yuan’s qualities. Because it can bring us mental power. If we aren’t optimistic, we couldn’t move on in our life confronting failures, miseries or sufferings. It is optimism that enables us to regain confidence, courage and hope. (44 words)（仅供参考）
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校正在举办“大美中国”(The Beauty of China)文创作品比赛。你的英国好友Jim是中国文化爱好者，请你给他写信做个介绍，内容包括：
1.比赛目的与作品形式;
2.你的参赛作品与设计理念。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：文创作品creative culture products
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jim,
A creative culture products competition entitled " the Beauty of China" is being held in our school. Learning that you are a Chinese culture lover, I'm writing to introduce some information to you briefly.
The competition is intended to help the students know more about Chinese culture and spread it widely, which can enrich our knowledge and strengthen our national sense of pride. In the competition, the participants are allowed to choose any form of products they like to show their design philosophy as long as it is consistent with the theme of the competition. Being a fan for Peking Opera，I designed a white T-shirt for the contest, with two different pictures of Peking Opera Facial Masks on the front and back respectively to present the beauty of Chinese traditional art culture.
I would like to provide you with more details if you need and I believe you will be interested. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim写封信，介绍我校正在举办的“大美中国”文创作品比赛，了解比赛目的和作品形式，以及考生的参赛作品和设计理念。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
比赛：competition→contest
参赛者：participant→competitor
允许：allow→permit
加强、增强：strengthen→enhance
提供：provide→supply
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： A creative culture products competition entitled " the Beauty of China" is being held in our school.
拓展句： A creative culture products competition that is entitled " the Beauty of China" is being held in our school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 The competition is intended to help the students know more about Chinese culture and spread it widely, which can enrich our knowledge and strengthen our national sense of pride. （运用了被动语态、以which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】In the competition, the participants are allowed to choose any form of products they like to show their design philosophy as long as it is consistent with the theme of the competition.（运用了被动语态、省略关系代词which/that的定语从句和以as long as引导的条件状语从句）
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