中考英语主题阅读理解-科技文阅读

这是一份中考英语主题阅读理解-科技文阅读，共14页。试卷主要包含了 2021等内容，欢迎下载使用。
中考阅读理解专项-科技文 (篇目1)①Butterflies are considered by many to be the most beautiful insects(昆虫). As a result, many people watch and collect butterflies as a hobby. Butterflies have bright and colorful wings by which they can fly freely. There are about 20, 000 kinds of butterflies. They are found throughout the world.②One of the most amazing things about these insects is how they change from caterpillars(毛虫) to butterflies. It is one of the most amazing facts in nature! The butterfly has a very interesting life that includes four steps.③Butterflies are born from eggs. The eggs stick to a leaf of a plant with a special kind of glue. This step usually lasts only a couple of weeks.④When the butterfly egg changes, out comes a caterpillar. Caterpillars have many long legs. They mostly eat plants.⑤When the caterpillar is fully grown and stops eating, it becomes a pupa(蛹) . The pupa may hide in leaves. The pupa is protected inside a cocoon(茧) . When the butterfly first comes out of the cocoon, it can’t fly. It takes some time for the butterfly to open up its wings.⑥The final step is the flying butterfly. Some butterflies have a short life of about a week, while others live up to a year.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1．Why do many people like watching and collecting butterflies?A．Because there are many kinds of butterflies.B．Because butterflies have very interesting lives.C．Because butterflies can fly freely with their colorful wings.D．Because butterflies are thought to be the most beautiful insects.2．What does the butterfly do when it first comes out of the cocoon?A．It eats plants. B．It flies around.C．It sleeps on leaves. D．It opens up its wings.3．What’s the right order of the four steps in the butterfly’s life?a.     b.     c.     d. A．bcda B．cbda C．dcab D．acdb4．Which of the following shows the structure of the text?A．①；②③④⑤；⑥ B．①②；③④⑤；⑥C．①；②；③④⑤⑥ D．①②；③④；⑤⑥5．What’s the best title for the text?A．The growth of butterflies B．The advantages of butterfliesC．The ways to protect butterflies D．The steps of collecting butterflies (篇目2) When storm clouds gather, and the wind blows strongly, most people choose to stay at home. But some run toward the danger. Photographer Liu Yijing is one of them, as he records nature’s anger with his camera.    His latest work was a perfect shot of a complete supercell (单体) storm in Inner Mongolia on August 22. 2021. Earlier this month the picture was picked as the cover photo for Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, one of the most important journals in its field.    The supercell is a type of storm that can last a long time and travel long distances. And it usually comes with dangerous weather conditions, including damaging hailstones (冰雹) and winds.     Since 2020, recording storms has become the primary focus of Liu’s life. For the past year Liu, 21, has traveled about 24, 000 kilometers across 11 regions in China as he tries to watch and record thunderstorms.    While a storm may be beautiful in a certain sense, for most farmers storms mean serious trouble for their livelihoods. During one of his photo schools in 2020, a local farmer told Liu in tears that storms had damaged his crops, injured his herds(牧群)and destroyed his houses. The young man suddenly realized that the things he loves can bring disaster to others.     As a result, he decided to do something to help the public better understand storms and their influence on people’s lives. He has tried to explain the danger of storms through videos on social media platforms. He also calls on everyone to take action to help prevent climate change.     “I hope my efforts can help people better understand nature,” Liu said.6．What is Liu Yijing’s hobby?A．To travel around the world. B．To make short videos for the public.C．To enjoy the life on the farm. D．To record natures anger with camera.7．What can we know about a supercell storm?A．The storms always originate in Inner Mongolia.B．Photographers can catch the storms easily in China.C．A supercell storm means serious damage for farmers.D．It is the only subject of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences.8．Which of the following sayings explains the underlined part best?A．We are not born for ourselves. B．The honey of this is the poison of that.C．Make your enemy your friend. D．One man’s fault is another man’s lesson.9．What made Liu decide to take action to help prevent climate change?A．A farmer’s tears. B．His famous pictures. C．The beautiful cover. D．Social media platforms.10．Which can be the best title for the passage?A．Beautiful but Dangerous B．The Eve of the StormC．The Great Young Photographer D．Climate Change Is Here(篇目3)On August 12, 2018, NASA sent up the Parker Solar Probe (帕克太阳探测器) to explore the mysteries of the sun. It was named after Eugene Newman Parker, an American physicist who predicted important facts about solar activity and solar wind. The Corona is much hotter than the surface of the sun. In order to get close to the sun, Parker is protected by a special material. This allows it to keep cool inside, even when the temperature around it is as high as 1,400℃. In April 2021, on its eighth trip around the sun, Parker actually entered the sun’s corona. It flew through the corona about five hours. For the first time in history, a spacecraft (航天器) has “touched” the sun. Though this happened in April, it took scientists a few months to get the information back and then several more months to the news. Since then, the probe has got into the corona more times. As it circles closer to the sun’s surface, Parker is making new discoveries that other spacecraft were too far away to see. The discoveries will also help us know more about space weather which has a great influence on the earth as well as astronauts in space. Parker will keep moving closer to the sun and diving deeper into the corona until we lose contact (联系) with it sometime around December 2025. It will give us plenty of chances of learning something new about our life-giving star. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。11．The probe got its name from ________.A．a NASA engineer B．a special materialC．an American physicist D．an unsolved mystery12．What’s the second paragraph mainly about?A．What the probe will do.B．What the probe is made of.C．Why the probe can get so close to the sun.D．Why the sun’s corona is hotter than its surface.13．What does the underlined word “confirm” mean in Chinese? A．发布 B．确认 C．执行 D．传播14．Why does the probe try to “touch” the sun?A．To get to the surface of the sun.B．To protect the astronauts in space.C．To collect more information about the sun.D．To test the highest temperature it can stand.15．What can we learn about the Parker Solar Probe?A．It is the only spacecraft sent up to the sun.B．It is the first spacecraft to get into the sun’s coronaC．It will come back to the earth at the end of 2025.D．It flew around the sun five times before entering the corona. (篇目4)Have you ever poured water onto your shirt right before an important event? Usually, clothes darken in color when they get wet. It would certainly be nice if the water didn’t change the color of the clothes so much. But sadly, this isn’t how things work. So why do clothes often appear darker when they get wet?Before understanding this question, we should first take a quick look at how we “see” colors. Take a red shirt as an example. When it is hit by the light from the sun, it absorbs (吸收) different wavelengths (波长) of light, except for the red light wavelength. The red light wavelength is reflected to our eyes. That is why the shirt appears red to us.Now let’s return to the wet shirt. When the light hits a wet shirt, it has to pass through the water on the shirt. The light that should be reflected by the shirt is reabsorbed by the water. This means less light will be sent to our eyes. As a result, the shirt looks “darker”.But remember, sometimes a wet shirt can seem brighter from some special angles (角度) of observation. The surface of a shirt is usually rough. Adding water to it makes it smoother. A smooth surface reflects light in a different way from a rough surface. So you may see a small and bright reflection of the light from a certain angle. So basically, a wet shirt will be darker than a dry one, but it can also appear more “shiny” at times.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。16．According to the text, how do people see color?A． B． C． D．17．What will happen after the light passes through the water on the shirt?A．More light will be sent to our eyes. B．Certain light will be reabsorbed by the water.C．The water on the shirt will be absorbed. D．The light reflected by water will be reduced.18．What does the underlined word “rough” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A．clear B．not smooth C．dark D．bright19．What can we infer (推断) from the text?A．A dry shirt can be darker than a wet one.B．Adding water can totally change the colors of clothes.C．Being wet will certainly make clothes look shiny.D．The light a smooth surface reflects is different from that the rough one reflects.20．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A．Changing Color by Water B．The Reason for the Color ChangeC．The Secret of the Light Change D．Why Does Water Darken Color of Clothes (篇目5) When you hear the word “shape-shifting (变形的)”, you may think of sci-fi movies, and not the climate (气候). But that’s what animals are doing to deal with climate change.A new study shows that some animals are gradually growing larger beaks (喙) legs and ears. In this way, they can lose heat more easily to cool themselves down as the earth gets warmer.“When we talk about climate change, we ask ‘Can humans overcome this?’ or ‘What technology can solve this?’. But we should know that animals also have to adapt to (适应) climate change,” said the study’s researcher, Sara Ryding, from Deakin University, Australia. If animals fail to control their body temperature, they can overheat and die.In one example, the beaks of some Australian parrot species (鹦鹉物种) have grown 4 to 10 percent larger since 1871. The study says it is closely related (相关的) to rising summer temperatures over the years. Similar examples include wood mice. They have longer tails. Masked shrews (中鼩鼱) are getting longer tails and legs, and bats in warm climates have bigger wings.Although the changes are still small, Ryding said they could be clearer as the days become hotter. “Body parts like ears are predicted (预测) to be bigger, so we might end up with a live-action Dumbo (a big eared elephant from a Disney cartoon) in the near future,” Ryding said.Although animals are changing their body shapes, scientists warn that it doesn’t mean everything is fine. It just means they are trying hard to live. Not all animals will succeed. “The climate change that we have created is bringing a whole lot of pressure to bear on them, and while some animals will adapt, others will not,” said Ryding.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。21．Why do animals change their shapes along with climate change?A．To stay alive. B．To collect heat.C．To find more food. D．To hide themselves.22．What is happening to wood mice according to the study?A．They grow larger beaks. B．They have longer tails.C．They get longer legs. D．They have bigger wings.23．What’s the purpose of Paragraph 4?A．To show how shape-shifting animals live.B．To guess other reasons for animals’ changes.C．To show examples of shape-shifting animals.D．To report how many species have changed.24．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the text?A．Health. B．Sports. C．Culture. D．Environment.25．What is the best title for the text?A．Climate Change B．Grow With the ClimateC．Shape-shifting Elephants D．Control Body Temperatures (篇目6)According to the science research, pain usually has something to do with a nervous system. The nervous system is part of the body. It connects the brain to the rest of the body. Your brain reads the message as pain. It knows something is wrong. So it makes you feel pain.However, plants cannot feel pain like people do. Plants do not have nervous system or brains. This is why they cannot feel pain. They can still recognize(辨认) things when something is hurting them. Unluckily, they cannot run away. They need other ways to fight back. The biggest danger that plants face is getting eaten. Plants have different ways to stop this. For example, cactuses(仙人掌) grow sharp needles. Other plants make chemicals that taste bad. An attacker(攻击者)may try to eat the plant. But the bad taste will stop them quickly. Some plants have even better tricks. One is a plant called bittersweet nightshade. Slugs like to chew on its leaves. This makes the plant release(释放) a liquid. It is a sweet nectar(花蜜). Ants love it. The ants swarm(蜂拥而至) all over the injured plant. They will attack anything that stand in their way. That includes slugs. This is a clever trick by the plant! The slug attacks the plant. So the plant calls ants to kill it. Nature is full of so many secrets. What a wonderful nature! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。26．What does the underlined part “They” refer to?A．Slugs. B．Ants. C．Nightshade. D．Plants.27．Why can’t plants feel pain?A．They face different of dangers.B．They have slow sense.C．They don’t have nervous systems.D．They don’t know if they are hurt.28．What’s the biggest danger that plants face?A．Pain. B．Beat. C．Getting eaten. D．A liquid.29．What’s the passage mainly about?A．How plants feel pain.B．How plants attract insects.C．How plants protect themselves.D．How plants attack small animals.30．Which of the following is right according to the passage?A．Pain usually has something to do with a nervous system.B．Plants’ pain usually has nothing to do with a nervous system.C．Plants can feel pain like people do.D．A nervous system has something to do with pain.(篇目7) Many of us spent our childhoods dreaming of becoming astronauts. However, the reality is that only a few will make it. But does that mean you’ll never get the chance to work in space? Not necessarily.In fact, some of the space jobs are not only for astronauts and they all sound just cool.One of the most interesting space jobs is chief sniffer, NASA has already had a sniffer(嗅探员)named George Aldrich, whose job is to smell materials before they are used in spaceships.Using your nose at work might sound a little strange, but the job is actually important. A spaceship is of small size and high temperature, which makes smells inside stronger. And once a spaceship is sent, astronauts “have no ways to run away from” unpleasant smells, Aldrich told The Telegraph. More importantly, smelling objects can help find dangerous things that could do harm to astronauts’ health.Another job, the “space tour guide”, may seem a little ahead of its time-after all, there aren’t any tourists there. But now, many companies are starting to provide space trips and some rich space lovers such as Justin Bieber and Sarah Brightman have ordered the tours. It may not be long before space becomes one of the top travel destinations(目的地).Being a space tour guide requires rich knowledge to help passengers get the most out of their journey. Space tour guides also need to be excellent storytellers so that passengers can experience the true beauty of the space travel.Astronauts often spend longtime in space with the same group of people, which is why a space psychologist(心理学家)is also needed to help astronauts overcome bad feelings. “We’re crossing the boundaries between science fiction and reality,” said Rohit Talwar, director of the US company Fast Future Research. “Things we’ve seen in movies are now becoming reality!”根据材料内容选择最佳答案。31．How many cool and new space jobs are mentioned in the text?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.32．According to the text, George Aldrich’s job at NASA is mainly about ________.A．checking the size and temperature of the spaceshipB．keeping astronauts safe from things that have unpleasant smellsC．cheering astronauts up with excellent storiesD．cleaning up dangerous things that are found in spaceships33．What can we infer(推断)from the text?A．A space tour guide needs a strong sense of direction.B．More people will be able to afford space travels soon.C．Modern astronauts feel less lonely when working as a group.D．More space tour guides will be needed if space trips become more popular.34．What does Rohit Talwar think of the new jobs in space?A．They’re impossible. B．They’re worrying. C．They’re exciting.    D．They’re surprising.35．What is the best title for the text?A．Between the past and the future. B．Do you want to travel in space?C．More choices of working in space. D．Never give up your dream. (篇目8) We all need to quiet down! “The rising noise pollution in cities will become a top environmental problem,” the United Nations （UN） said in a report on Feb 17th. It asks governments to take action as soon as possible. What is noise pollution? According to the UN, unwanted noise about 65 decibels（dB分贝） is noise pollution. Noise becomes harmful when it’s over 75 dB and is painful above 120 dB．People who live near airports or highways get lots of noise pollution. When neighbors play rock loudly in their homes or shout around you, that’s also noise pollution. Why is noise pollution bad? “High levels of noise do harm to human health,” the UN report says. According to the Science magazine, too much noise causes health problems like stress and tiredness from poor sleep. More serious problems include heart disease and hearing loss. In Europe, 12,000 people die each year from effects of noise pollution, according to CGTN. How can we fix the problem? The European Commission says cities can fight noise pollution. One great way is to build barriers （围栏） along railroads and highways. Some European countries have also built roads of rubber. It’s the same rubber as your school’s playground. It makes cars quieter. How can you and I help? We can stop shouting around our houses! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。36．What does the UN report want the countries around the world to do? A．Keep quiet about pollution. B．Deal with noise pollution.C．Stop cities from growing. D．Protect the environment.37．What is noise pollution according to the UN? A．Unwanted sounds below 65 dB．B．Sounds around you that are over 120 dB．C．Neighbors’ music with little noise.D．The sound of cars on the road of rubber.38．Why should we pay attention to noise pollution according to the passage? A．Because noise pollution is harmful to human health.B．Because the United Nations asks us to stop shouting.C．Because 12,000 people die from noise pollution every day.D．Because noise pollution is the most serious pollution in the world.39．What does the underlined word “rubber” mean in Chinese? A．水泥 B．塑料 C．橡胶 D．石子40．What’s the best title for the text? A．A UN Report About SoundB．Noticing the Pollution around UsC．Taking Action to Prevent PollutionD．The Pollution We Can Hear(篇目9) ①What is it like to exercise in space? Simple things can be harder in microgravity (微重力), while difficult tasks might suddenly be a breeze. A video on Tuesday shows that Zhai Zhigang, one of the astronauts of Shenzhou XIII spaceship, is practicing tai chi with flowing (流畅的) movements.②The three astronauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu have been in space for about two months since they began their six-month mission (任务) to build the space station on October 16th. Chinese people have long been wondering what really goes on inside the space station. While people were still surprised by Wang Yaping’s zero-gravity hairstyle, Zhai showed his “flying” skill and was clearly very good at it.③   ※    The tradition of Chinese astronauts practicing tai chi started in 2012 when the country’s Shenzhou IX astronaut Liu Yang first did so in space and called the experience comfortable. Before returning from the Shenzhou XII mission in September, astronaut Nie Haisheng also practiced tai chi in the Tianhe core module during an Earth-space video call with Hong Kong youths.④For space travelers, doing exercise is important. They must exercise to counter (抵消) the gravity-free conditions because the experience of “muscle and bone loss (肌肉和骨质流失)” in space will influence their health and ability to work in the long term.⑤Besides doing tai chi, Chinese astronauts also play table tennis or ride a bike and run on a treadmill (踏步机) to help train their breathing.41．What may the underlined part “a breeze” in the first paragraph mean?A．Something popular. B．Something impossible.C．Something very easy. D．Something more difficult.42．Which of the following sentences can be put into    ※   ?A．Zhai was not the first who practiced tai chi in spaceship.B．Actually, no Chinese astronaut has ever done that before.C．Many astronauts followed Zhai to practice tai chi later.D．In fact, Zhai had no idea how to practice tai chi before.43．What does the fourth paragraph mainly introduce?A．The ways of having strong muscles. B．The reason how gravity comes into being.C．The exercise astronauts do in spaceship. D．The importance of doing exercise in space.44．What can we learn from the passage?A．The purpose of the Shenzhou XIII mission isn’t mentioned.B．Nie Haisheng found the practice of doing tai chi very comfortable.C．Chinese people really want to learn about the astronauts’ life in space.D．Doing exercise in space can help astronauts live with gravity in the space station.(篇目10) National parks are large areas of public land. They give a safe home for local plants and animals. They help keep the air and water clean. They also give us the best trips. Today, there are nearly 7,000 national parks around the world. Forbes has listed 12 of the most beautiful ones in the world that will surprise you with their amazing landscapes (陆上风景), geographic wonders and colorful plants and animals.The Grand Canyon National Park of the US is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World. It is best known for its size and depth. It is 446 kilometers long, up to 29 kilometers wide, and 1.6 kilometers deep. The immensity of the canyon makes people think big. Every year, about 5 million people visit here. Taking a tour in the South Rim (南缘) offers visitors the park’s full views, while the North Rim (北缘) shows beautiful wild flowers.If you love animals, you’ll like the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. The “Big Five” live .They are the lion, African elephant, African leopard, black rhinoceros and African buffalo. Its name “Big Five” came from the five animals that were the hardest to catch. Now they are what people most want to see in the wild. If you visit the park, you should never miss the migration (迁徙) of over 1.5 million wildebeests (角马) and 250,000 zebras every year. This is the most famous site of the park.45．The underlined word “immensity” refers to ________.A．great size B．natural wonder C．colorful view D．unusual beauty46．The best title for the passage may be “________”.A．Taking a Tour in the Grand CanyonB．Travelling to the Serengeti National ParkC．Seven Natural Wonders of the WorldD．Stepping into the Wonders of the Wildlife47．If the writer continues the article, he would most likely write about ________.A．ways to keep the air and water cleanB．more national parks in the worldC．his wonderful trip to the Grand CanyonD．famous historic wonders in Africa 参考答案1．D    2．D    3．B    4．C    5．A6．D    7．C    8．B    9．A   10．A11．C    12．C    13．B    14．C    15．B16．D    17．B    18．B    19．D    20．D21．A    22．B    23．C    24．D    25．B26．B    27．C    28．C    29．C    30．B31．B    32．B    33．D    34．C    35．C36．B   37．B    38．A    39．C    40．D41．C    42．A    43．D    44．C45．A   46．D    47．B