初中英语中考复习 专题11 非谓语动词-2020年中考英语母题题源解密(原卷版)
展开专题11 非谓语动词
【母题来源1】【2020 •贵州铜仁市】
【母题原题】—Look! Kangkang, that old man is crossing the crosswalk.
—Jane, let’s________ him.
A. helps B. to help C. helping D. help
【母题来源2】【2020 •贵州省安顺市】
【母题原题】With the improvement in transportation, students in some small villages no longer go on ropeways ______ rivers to schools.
A. to cross B. crossing C. crossed
【母题来源3】【2020 •四川达州市】
【母题原题】— Clara, you have ______ Journey to the West for two weeks.
— Sorry, I wanted to give it back but was made _________ Dazhou on business last week.
A. borrowed; to leave B. kept; to leave C. kept; leave D. borrowed; leave
【母题来源4】【2020 •甘孜州】
【母题原题】The singer was often seen to practice ____________ songs near the woods three years ago.
A. sing B. singing C. to sing
【母题来源5】【2020 •重庆市】
【母题原题】They hope ________the basketball match.
A. win B. won C. to win D. winning
【母题来源6】【2020 •甘孜州】
【母题原题】The singer was often seen to practice ____________ songs near the woods three years ago.
A. sing B. singing C. to sing
【试题分析】
这些试题均考查了非谓语动词中动词不定式、动名词以及分词等。
【命题意图】
非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2~4分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。
【考试方向】
1. 动词不定式;
2. 动名词;
3. 分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
构成:to + 动词原形
动词不定式
作用:作除谓语外的任何成分
构成:v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词)
动词的非谓语形式 分词
作用:表、定、状、补
构成:v.-ing
动名词
作用:主、宾、表、定
【得分要点】
考向一:不定式
1. 动词不定式的作用
句子成分 | 用法 | 例句 |
作主语 | 谓语动词用单数形式,为避免"头重脚轻"常用it作形式主语。常用句型有: ①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为"做某事对某人来说是……"。 ②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为"做某事花费某人多长时间" | To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。 |
作宾语 | 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan,decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于"动词+it+adj.+to do sth."句型中。it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 | I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。 I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。 |
作定语 | 动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语,两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系,因此,如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有:time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition | Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗? Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗? |
作状语 | 不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果和原因。 | To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。 |
作表语 | 放在系动词后作表语。 | My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。 |
2. 不定式的特殊用法
①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语,须省略to。此类动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时,省略的to则要加上。
②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do,其被动形式为to be done。
►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。
③常接"疑问词+带to的不定式"的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。
►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。
考向二:动名词
(一)动名词的构成
动名词是由"动词+-ing"构成,和现在分词形式一样,兼有动词和名词的特点。
(二)动名词作用
句子成分 | 用法 | 例句 |
作主语 | 单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,常用的句型结构有: It is no use(good)+v.ing. | Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。 |
作表语 | 放在系动词后面作表语 | Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。 |
作宾语 | 用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式作宾语的词有:avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest,succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busy | No matter what happened, I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情,我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。 |
作定语 | 用于名词前,起修饰说明作用 | There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。 |
(三)动名词的特殊用法
即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有: love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大,但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。
考向三:分词
(一)现在分词和过去分词的构成
现在分词由v.+ing构成,过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。
(二)分词的用法
句子成分 | 用法 | 例句 |
作定语 | 现在分词表示正在进行,有主动的含义,过去分词表示已经完成,有被动的含义。 | The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。 |
作表语 | 放在系动词后作表语 | The story is interesting.I am interested in it. 这个故事很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。 |
作宾语补足语 | 用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态 | He could hear his heart beating fast. 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。 |
作状语 | 通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作,来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。 | I got home, feeling very tired. 我疲惫地回到家里。 |
【母题1】【来源】【2020 • 天津市和平区二模】
Our teacher often advises us ____ the habit of making notes while reading.
A. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing
【母题2】【来源】【2020 • 天津市河西区二模】
—What’s your plan for the summer holidays?
—I’ve no idea, but I’ve decided ________ at home and have a good rest first.
A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying
【母题3】【来源】【2020 • 天津市西青区二模】
David said that the glass was broken and warned me ________ it.
A. not to touch B. don't touch C. to not touch D. no touching
【母题4】【来源】【2020 • 上海市宝山区二模】
During the winter holidays, the boy practiced ________ the guitar for three hours a day.
A.to play B.playing C.play D.played
【母题5】【来源】【2020 • 上海市崇明区二模】
Kitty’s mother often makes her ______ up early to walk the dog in their neighborhood.
A.to get B.get C.getting D.got
【母题6】【来源】【2020 • 山东省济南市市中区中考二模】
—Wilson, ________ your phone off or to silent. The meeting is about to start.
—All right.
A. turn B. turns C. to turn D. turning
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