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初中英语中考复习 中考冲刺讲义2-代词名词数词 阅读B篇
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这是一份初中英语中考复习 中考冲刺讲义2-代词名词数词 阅读B篇，共27页。试卷主要包含了掌握语法重点，掌握B篇的做题方法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
中考冲刺辅导教案2
课程主题：代词、名词、数词、B篇
学习目标
1.掌握语法重点
2.掌握B篇的做题方法
教学内容
课前热身：
1.The________ to Hainan Island has been canceled because of the heavy snow. (fly)
【答案】flight
2.It's cold today. Please________ the milk in the microwave oven before you drink (hot)
【答案】heat
3.Henry's stories often have unexpected endings. They are________ welcomed.(wide)
【答案】widely
4.Many terrible traffic accidents happen because of ________ driving. (care)
【答案】careless
5.The volunteers give food and clothes to the homeless in ________ weather. ( freeze)
【答案】freezing
6.We know that it is _______ of students to cheat in exams. ( honest)
【答案】dishonest
7.Ann spoke the most ________ of all the students in the school speech contest. ( accurate)
【答案】accurately
8.The well-known restaurant will _____10 new dishes next month. (service)
【答案】serve
9.Road _________ has been paid much attention to since last year. (safe)
【答案】safety
10.We’re expecting a new in the family soon.(arrive)
【答案】arrival
布告栏
My secretary began to post unusual news articles,cartoons and pictures of faraway lands on our office bulletin board.
我的秘书开始在我们办公室的布告栏里张贴一些奇持的新闻、卡通和风景画等。
Although she changed the items on a regular basis，no one mentioned her efforts.Eventually she put up a notice stating that she would give one dollar to the first person who read the announcement and informed her about it.
按时更换，但从未有人提到过她所做出的努力。终于她贴出了一张告示说，谁要是第一个看到她贴的通知，就可以告诉她，那个人就能从她那里得到一美元。
Two weeks later, she received her first acknowledgement，a handwritten reply left on her desk:"I just wanted you to know how much I enjoy your interesting bulletin board. The Cleaning Lady.”
两周后，她接到了第一个正式的通知。在她的桌上留着一张字条:“我只想让你知道，我非常喜欢看那有趣的布告栏。清洁工。”
词汇学习：
faraway遥远的；恍惚的；偏远
bulletin board公告牌
on a regular basis经常；例行的；有规律的
no one没有人
put up张贴；举起；建造；提高；提供食宿； 直接行动
first person第一人
Cleaning Lady清洁女工
知识精讲：
知识点一：名词
【知识梳理】
考点1：名词的单复数变化
1）大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，以ch，sh，s，x等结尾，则加es；
2）以o结尾的单词除了两人（negro，hero）两菜（tomato，potato）加es外，其余加s；
3）以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s；
4）英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox—oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth。
关于以O结尾，加上-es变复数的单词，我们可以这样记住：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿，那么negro, hero, tomato, potato便可以很快记住了。
考点2： 可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达
可数名词与不可数名词的数量表达
只能修饰可数名词
few, a few, quite a few, many, too many, a (large) number of,several
只能修饰不可数名词
little, a little, quite a little, much, too much, an amount of, a large amount of, huge amounts of, a great deal of.
可数名词与不可数名词皆可修饰
some, any, lots of, a lot of , plenty of, enough,
名词单数变复数口诀
(一) 规则变化
名词单数变复数，直接加 -s 占多数；
s, x, z, ch, sh 来结尾，直接加上 -es；
词尾是 f 或 fe，加 -s 之前先变 ve；
辅母 + y 在词尾，把 y 变 i 再加 -es；
词尾字母若是 o，常用三个已足够，
要加 -es 请记好，hero, tomato, potato。
(二) 不规则变化
男人女人 a 变 e，鹅足牙 oo 变 ee；
老鼠虱婆也好记，ouse 变 ic；
孩子加上 ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。
2、1）名词可数性：专有名词不可数：人名 地名 国家。
2）物质名词不可数： 金 木 水 火 土 沙 肉 食 米 面 布 茶 咖啡 果汁 牛奶 酒 钢铁 玻璃 煤 油 墨水 作业 纸 粉笔 头发 新闻 天 气 天气。
3）抽象名词不可数：幸福 时光 爱情 知识 力量 发明 仁慈 友谊 关系 青春 信息 勇气 。
【例题精讲】
例1.The community has plenty of ________ for the elderly to communicate with each other.（2018年徐汇区二模）
A.room B.class C. program D. game
【答案】A
【解析】BCD都是可数名词，需要变复数，故用A
例2.How much________do you have on you?（2018年徐静安二模）
A. money B. coin C. key D.bill
【答案】A
【解析】How much后加不可数名词，BCD都是可数名词
【巩固练习】
1.These students collected much_______ on the Internet before starting their research
A.pictures B)materials C)information D)stories
2.There is little ______ in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some for breakfast.
A) tomato B) potato C) egg D)bread
3.There is little ________ that robots will take the place of humans in the future.
A. idea B. chance C. accident D. problem
4.We can get more ______ about international affairs on the Internet than before.
A. report B. book C. information D. suggestion
5.I was late for school because of too much__________on the road this morning.
A.traffic B. accidents C.passengers D.people
6.The doctor gave me some useful _ on how to improve my physical health.
A) suggestion B) message C) medicine D) advice
7.Uncle Tom raises many ____________ on his farm and we often go there for a visit.
A.sheep B.horse C.pig D.bird
8.They got much important ________for their survey from those new books.
A) ideas B) photos C) information D) stories
9.My English teacher often gives us much__________on how to write a good composition.
A)advice B)choices C)books D) ways
10.The farmers in that village raise a lot of ______ and make much money every year.
A) duck B) sheep C) horse D) cow
【答案】CDBCA DACAB
知识点二：代词
【人称、物主、反身代词大PK】
1、人称代词
表示我、你、他/她/它、我们、你们、他们/她们/它们的词叫人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。
数
格
人
称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he/she/it
him/her/it
they
them
Important Usage
★ 人称代词主格在句中作主语，宾格作动词或介词的宾语
He sits in front of me. I often help him.他坐在我前面。我经常帮助她。
★在英语中出现多个人称代词时，单数按照你、他、我的顺序排列，即you，he/she（him/her）and I/me;复数按照“我们”“你们”“他们”的顺序排列，即we/us, you and they/them.
You，he and I will work together.你、我和他将在一起工作。
2、物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词，物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，物主代词有人称和数的变化。
数
人称
类别
单数
复数
我的
你的
他/她/它的
我们的
你们的
他们的/她们的/它们的
形容词性物主代词
my
your
his，her，its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yours
his，hers，its
ours
yours
theirs
Important Usage
★形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只作定语，其后必须跟名词。
My son usually does his homework after dinner every day.我儿子通常每天晚饭后做作业。
★名词性物主代词相当于名词，可以作主语、宾语、表语等，其后不可跟名词。
These are their new books. Ours are over there.这些是他们的新书。我们的（新书）在那边。
I left my dictionary at home. May I use yours？我的词典忘在家里了。我可以用一下你的吗？
★名词前有了形容词性物主代词时，不能再加冠词、指示代词等限定词。
（√）my mobile phone （×） my a mobile phone （×）a my mobile phone
（√）her book （×） this her book （×）her this book
★名词+of+名词性物主代词，表示双重所有关系。
I met a friend of mine at the airport yesterday.昨天我在机场遇见了我的一个朋友。
★形容词性物主代词+own或名词+of +one’s own，表示强调“属于自己的”。
I won’t believe it until I see it with my own eyes.直到我自己亲眼看到我才会相信它。
We have a car of our own.我们有自己的小汽车。
3、反身代词
表示“我（们）自己”“你（们）自己”“他、她、它（们）自己”。反身代词由人称代词或物主代词+self或+selves构成。其中单数+self，复数+selves。
数
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
himself, herself, itself
themselves
Important Usage
★反身代词与它指代的名词或代词是互指关系，在人称、数、性别上保持一致。
You’d better take good care of yourself. 你最好照顾好你自己。
★反身代词常跟在for、of、by等介词后，构成固定短语。
I worked out the problem by myself. 我独自解出了这道题。
The wolf decided to see what happened for himself. 狼决定亲自去看看发生了什么事。
The computer can shut off of itself. 这台计算机会自动关机。
★含反身代词的常用短语
say to oneself 心里想 help oneself to 随便吃 teach oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 by oneself 独自地
Help yourselves to some cakes, boys. 孩子们，随便吃些蛋糕。
高频考点2
【不定代词大杂烩】
1、other、the other、another、others、the others、the rest的用法及区别
概念
用法
搭配
another泛指三者以上的“另一个”，
the other表示“两者当中的另一个”
others指“别的一些人或物”
other表示“其他的”
the others表示“其余所有的人或物”
指代单数时，若是泛指，用another；
若是特指，则用the other。
指代复数时，若是泛指，用other修饰名词的复数形式；若是特指，用the other修饰名词的复数形式
One…the other….“一个…另一个…” 范围是只有两个。
others不能作定语，表示复数意义，
相当于“other+复数名词”；
the others相当于“the other+复数名词”。
some…(the) others….“一些…另一些”，加the表示特指，不加the表示泛指。
another一般表示单数，其后接可数名词的单数形式。
the rest表示“剩余部分；其余”，指代可数名词或不可数名词。
2、either – both – neither; any – all – none; 比较
两者
三者及以上
肯定（修饰单数）
either
any
肯定（修饰复数）
both
all
否定（修饰复数）
neither
none
做题技巧
1. 找范围（两者 or 三者）；
2. 找所修饰名词的单复数；
3. 找谓语动词的单复数；
4. 注意隐藏的范围信息；
5. 句意理解也重要；
6. either/neither做连词时，就近原则。
3、little和a little；few和a few
可数
不可数
肯定
a few
a little
肯定
few
little
说明：
在与only, still, just, quite连用时用肯定形式，即a few, a little.
例：--- How much time do we have? --- Only _________.
A. a few B. little C. a little D. a lot
KEY: C
4、some&any
肯定句
(1) 用于
★希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句
1. adj. (2) 可数名词(复数) &不可数名词
some (3) 可数名词(单数) 表“未确指的人、事物或地点”
2. pron. Some... others; Some... the others;
否定句
(1) 用于疑问句
1. adj. ★肯定句（修饰可数名词单数，表“任何一个”）
any (2) 可数名词&不可数名词
2. pron. ★ any & either
相关例句与用法:
★Would you like some tea?
Mom, could you give me some money?
★You may take any of them.
You can get the book at any of the bookstores.
★ some和any构成的复合不定代词适用句型同some和any.
5、none & nobody & no one & nothing
none: ≧3；人和物；与of短语连用；回答How many/much提问的疑问句；
no one = nobody: 人；不与of短语连用；回答who提问的疑问句；
nothing: 物；不与of短语连用；回答what提问的疑问句。
6、one，ones的区别及用法
二者都用于指代前面所提到的名词，以避免重复。
one表示“泛指”，指代单数可数名词；ones表示“泛指”，指代复数可数名词。
高频考点3
【疑问代词】
疑问代词有who,whom,whose,which,what. 做主语是，谓语动词根据他们的代表的数确定。如果不清楚数量，多用单数。
Who is he playing with on the playground? 他和谁在操场上玩？
What is in the box? 盒子里有什么？
who, whom的意思都是“谁”，whom只能跟在动词或介词后作宾语；who可做主语，宾语和表语，可代替whom作宾语(但如果紧跟在介词后则必须用whom).
Who helped him with his homework yesterday? 昨天谁帮他做的作业？
Whom/ Who was the car invented by? =By whom was the car invented?
汽车是谁发明的？
whose 的意思都是“谁的”，可单独使用，也可放在名词前作定语。
Whose handwriting is the best in your class? 你们班级里谁的字写得最好？
Whose are these books on the desk? 桌子上的这些书是谁的？
which的意思都是“哪一个，哪些”，可指人或物。 what的意思都是“什么”。在指定范围的选择时常用which, 而what通常用来泛指“哪一类”
Which language do you like best, English, Chinese or Japanese?
哪种语言你最喜欢，英语，汉语还是日语？
What language do you like best? 你最喜欢什么语言？
高频考点4
【指示代词】
1．指示代词this (这，这个)，these (这些) 常常指时间或空间上较近的人或物；
that (那，那个)，those (那些) 常常指时间或空间上较远的人或物；
This is my computer. That is yours. 这是我的电脑。那是你的。
These gifts are for us and those ones are for them. 这些礼物是给我们的，那些是给他们的。
2． this/that 用来指上文已提到或已知的人或事物。译为 “这，这个/那，那个”。
The boy was afraid and the dog had sensed this. 男孩害怕了，狗已觉察到这一点。
He hurt himself on the way home, and that was why he didn’t come.
在回家的路上他弄伤了自己，这就是他没来的原因。
3． that可用来代替上文提到过的有定语修饰的不可数名词。
The population of China is larger than that of America. 中国的人口比美国的人口多。
The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Dalian in summer.
在夏天，上海的天气比大连热。
4． those用来代替上文提到过的有定语修饰的复数可数名词。
The students in their class are more active than those in our class.
他们班的学生比我们班的学生活跃。
5．打电话时，用this代指 “我”，用that代指“你”。
This is Linda speaking. Who’s that? 我是琳达。你是谁？
A: Is that Mary speaking? 你是玛丽吗？
B: Yes, this is Mary. 是的，我是玛丽。
【例题精讲】
例1.Jennifer has two children and __________ of them was born in winter.（2018年徐汇一模）
A.both B.some C.all D.neither
【答案】D
【解析】考察不定代词，前文two表明了范围是两个，而且谓语动词是was为单数，所以选择neither
例2.Volunteers help with research and animal rescue, and they teach________about sea life. （2018年杨浦一模）
A)other B)others C) the other D) another
【答案】B
【解析】根据意思，是其他人。没有范围的，所以用others。
【巩固练习】
1.Do you see that good-looking young man? is a famous Korean film star.
A) He B) His C) Him D) Himself
2.Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by__________.
A) I B) me C) my D) myself
3.The retired couple have decided to go to college. It’s time for ______ to begin a new life.
A)they B) them C) their D) theirs
4.I can’t connect my computer to the Internet. There must be _____ wrong with it.
A) something B)everything C)anything D)nothing
5.It was careless of _____ to have made so many spelling mistakes in the article.
A) I B) me C) my D)mine
6.I don’t quite understand what you said. Would you please give us ___________example?
A)other B) another C) the other D) others
7.Mrs. Brown often goes to visit those AIDS patients in hospitals to cheer_________up.
A)they B)them C)themselves D)theirs
8.I have got three tickets for the concert. One is for today and _________ are for tomorrow.
A) the other B) others C) the others D)another
9.Which is ________ favorite monkey character, Abu or Monchhichi?
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
10.I phoned Peter’s offices several times this morning, but__________answered.
A) somebody B) anybody C) everybody D) nobody
【答案】BBBCB BBABD
知识点三：数词
知识梳理
一、基数词的构成和用法
1．基数词的构成
（1）1－12的基数词是独立的单词，有其各自的形式：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。
（2）13－19的基数词以-teen结尾，如：fourteen，sixteen，seventeen等，但13 thirteen, 15 fifteen，18 eighteen的拼写较特殊。
（3）20－90十位的整数都以－ty结尾, 如：sixty，seventy，ninety，但20 twenty，30 thirty，40 forty，50 fifty，80 eighty的拼写较特殊。
（4）其他两位数的基数词，在十位数与个位数之间加连字符“-”。如：28 twenty－eight，96 ninety－six。
（5）三位数101－999先说“几百”，再说and，再加末尾两位数（或末位数）。如：358 three hundred and fifty-eight。
2．基数词的用法
（1）当表示具体数量时，hundred，thousand，million前面用具体的基数词或 several，many等词修饰，只能用作单数形式；表示模糊数量时，hundred，thousand，million要用复数形式，并且和of连用，表示“成百上千”、“成千上万”和“成百万上千万”；表示“在…中占（多少）”，hundred，thousand，million可同时与具体的基数词和of连用。
There are two thousand students in our school.
Thousands of people took part in the winter running.
比较: Two hundred of the students in our took part in the reading contest last week.
（2）“基数词＋单数名词”和“基数词＋单数名词＋形容词”结构，可以构成复合形容词，这些词之间必须用连字符“-”连接，如： ten－minute，six－year－old等。复合形容词只能作定语。
（3）基数词的复数形式，可以表示“在某人几十多岁”和“在几世纪几十年代”。
My uncle began to learn Japanese in his thirties．（在他三十多岁时）
比较: My uncle began to learn Japanese at the age of thirty.
He is one of the best writers in the nineteen eighties．（在二十世纪八十年代）
（4）基数词也可以表示顺序，如：Lesson Five，Chapter Three等。在这种用法中，通常不需要用冠词，第一个字母需大写，且基数词在名词的后面。
（5）“基数词＋单位名词（数量大于1时用复数）＋形容词”这种短语，可以表示具体的高度、宽度、深度、距离等含义。如：twenty meters high，five hundred meters away等。
二、序数词的构成和用法
1．序数词的构成
（1）序数词的基本构成一般是在相应的基数词后加－th，但要注意一些基数词变为序数词的不规则变化如：one－first, two－second, three－third，five－fifth, eight－eighth, nine -ninth, twelve-twelfth.
（2）以ty结尾的基数词变序数词的规则是把y改为ie，再加－th。如：twenty－twentieth, forty -fortieth. sixty - sixtieth, fifty -fiftieth.
（3）其他的两位数和多位数的序数词，只将个位的基数词变为序数词，前面的位数不变。如：twenty-one -twenty-first, three hundred and eighty-seven－three hundred and eighty-seventh。
（4）整百位数的序数词在词尾加-th，如：one hundred－one hundredth。
2．序数词的用法
（1）“序数词＋形容词最高级”构成的短语，表示“第几（大，长……）”等含义。
This is the second longest river in the world.
（2）序数词前面一般有定冠词修饰，但也有例外，如：①在序数词前面有物主代词时。They celebrated her eightieth birthday．②表示“再一、又一”的意思时。 We’ll read it a second time．我们得再看一遍。
（3）序数词作为街道名称时，如：Fifth Avenue第五大道。
三、分数、小数和百分比的表达
1．分数的表达：由“分子（基数词）＋分母（序数词）”构成，分子如果大于1，分母序数词用复数形式，分子和分母之间一般用连字符连接。如：3／5读作 three－fifths, 1／3读作 one－third。
One-third of the students are in the classroom.
Three-fourths of the earth is covered with water.
2．小数的表达：0.82读作 zero point eight two，7.45读作 seven point four five。
3．百分比的表达：45％读作 forty－five percent，67％读作 sixty－seven percent。
特别提示
1/2可以用a（one）half表示；1/4, 3/4也可用 quarter表示。
1/4读作 one－fourth或 a quarter，3/4读作 three－fourths或 three quarters。
【例题精讲】
1. My uncle served in the army in the 1950s when he was in his__________.（2018年奉贤区二模）
A) twenty B) twenty-two C) twenties D) twentieth
【答案】C in one’s twenties 固定搭配，在某人二十多岁的时候
2. _______people had to stay at xi'an Railway station because of the heavy snow two months ago.（2018年嘉定区二模）
A) Thousand B) Thousands C) Thousand of D) Thousands of
【答案】D
【巩固练习】
1.Mike likes coins very much. He has collected about five__ coins from different countries so far.（17年宝山区二模）
A) hundred of B) hundred C)hundreds of D)hundreds
2.According to a recent survey, about of working mothers in China plan to have a second child.（17年浦东新区二模）
A. two-fifth B. two-five C. second-fifths D. two-fifths
3.My cousin’s flat is on the ___floor with a good view of the neighbourhood.(ten)（普陀区二模）
4.The lift was stuck on the _________floor.(five)（杨浦区二模）
5. Every class will prepare a program to celebrate the _______ birthday of our school. (fifty)（虹口区二模）
6.All the classmate took the difficult exam, but only ____ of them passed.(fifth)（长宁区二模）
7. There were ten students in the room , then_______more came in silently.(third)（金山区二模）
8. The recording will be played to make sure you can understand each word.(two)（闵行区二模）
9. The May Movement is also called the New Culture Movement. (four)（静安区二模）
10. My brother and I decided to buy a special gift for grandma's _________ birthday. ( seventy)（青浦区二模）
【答案】BD tenth fifth fiftieth five three twice Fifth seventieth
知识点四：B篇
“完形填空（CLOZE TEST）”是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型。它是一种障碍性的测试题。在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力。这种题型归纳起来有如下特点：
1．在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占10—15％，长度一般在130—200个单词左右。
2．降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接，情理分析及推理判断能力。
3．针对初中学生的实际水平，一般采用故事体，尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体。近年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。
1.完形填空的做题误区
很多学生说，他们做完形填空时，往往采用“翻译法和代入法”，即做题时翻译文章内容，感觉哪个合适选哪个，看看划横线处有没有一些固定搭配，然后作选择或者填空。
其实这样做是很危险的：
① 在实际考试中，翻译很容易受母语影响，进行错误选择；
② 并不是所谓固定搭配一定是正确选项，完形填空是考查单词在语境中的运用。如果这个搭配或短语是不符合语篇、段落逻辑的，即便是固定说法，也是不合适的，在阅卷的时候这样的答案一定是错误的。
2.考查重点及解题思路
纵观这几年中考真题、一模、二模试卷，以及一些学校的月考、期中、期末试卷发现，完形填空重点考查单词，短语在句子、段落、篇章中的含义，而并非单词本身的“认知”含义。
这就为什么一些同学其实单词量并不缺乏，但完形却得分率不高的原因。
完形填空非常强调逻辑对应，请大家注意以下几点：
1.首句重点读
首句很多情况是topic sentence（主题句），告诉你文章的背景和主旨。首句一般不设空，如果首句设空，请重点读后面的例子，例子里面会提供线索。现在很多考题都是用后面的例子印证首句。
【例题】These days, it is ______ for children as young as Sammy to be so good at computers. Many Children use computers at home or at school and some schools even have their own websites.
A. hard B. unusual C. common D. dangerous
【解析】如果教师或者学生去分析这四个词用法，那就和这道考题背道而驰了，首句设空，我们重点读后面的那句话“很多孩子在家里，学校使用电脑，甚至一些学校有他们自己的网站”，说明对电脑的使用是持肯定意见的，选项Ｃ为正确答案， A、B 、D 都为否定意见，故不选。
2 .重点关注例子与例子之间的关系
几个例子联合起来都是去证明本文中心的，但例子与例子有时候会有正反对比或者是平行关系。
【例】If the test taker answers _____, the next item will be more difficult. If he or she answers incorrectly, the next question will be easier.
A. briefly B. smartly C. correctly D. thoroughly
【解析】“ more difficult”与后面“easier”形成对比，“incorrectly” 对应的显然是”correctly”。
3 .选词请重视“具体表达”“最佳适用原则”
我曾经给学生举过这个例子，如果这样出题。
这位男士很_____， 每次和女生一起出去逛街的时候都会为女生拉开商场大门，直到身边所有的女生都通过。假设选项如下：
A.good B.nice C.gentle D.handsome
你会如何选？
很多学生会选good， 觉得good是万能用词 ，什么都可以说好， 但这里错了，完形填空一定要基于语境，选择一个最适合，最具体，不是最宽泛的词语。因而C.gentle（很绅士）便是最佳答案。
4.选词之场景原则
【例】Sammy Liu, a six-year-old boy from Kowloon, has become a hero recently . One day he used the family's_____ to stop a robbery.
A. radio B. computer C. recorder D. telephone
【解析】后文都在说关于电脑使用，这里选择A、C、D显然不合适，文章里根本就没有提到收音机，录音机和电话， 虽然电话也能用来报警，但是一定要基于原文的场景。
5.平行原则的运用
完形填空文章很多时候是围绕一个话题展开，每个段落有的时候发展模式都是差不多的，前面提到如果首句设空，除了关注到后面的例子，还不妨可以关注下一段首句或者再下下段首句。类似的如果某段末句设空不妨也可以关注一下下面一段的末句。
例如有一篇文章是讨论积极态度给生活、工作、健康带来的好处，其中第二段末句这么写：With an active _______, you can overcome all the difficulties. 需要我们填空。在第三段末句出现了with an active attitude, you can be healthy. 如果学生在阅读的时候关注到这句，使用了“平行原则”，自然就能填出attitude 。
3.完形填空答题四遍法
正确的答题步骤应分四步：
1. 首先跳过空格，快速通读全文，了解短文大意及体裁，同时将一眼就看出几道题能直接做出答案；
2. 第二遍是答题的关键，应一个个地去推敲空，切忌按题号顺序答题，不能确定的先跳过去，先易后难是答题原则；
3. 第三遍是通篇考虑，把一些上下文联系很强，甚至牵涉到段与段之间逻辑关系的困难空缺填好；
4. 第四遍是检查，做完后再通读一遍全文，从整体把握文章的意思，修正与全文不相称的选项
【例题精讲】
What is humor? The dictionary defines(定义) it as “the quality that makes something laughable or__75____.” But that quality is different around the world. People like to make jokes about everyday parts of their culture. To appreciate this kind of joke, it is __76____for you to know something about the culture. Some humor is based on puns(双关语). Unfortunately, these jokes are not funny __77____ when translated into another language.
In some countries __78___Britain, jokes that make fun of other ethnic(民族) groups are popular. In many British jokes, the Irish and the Welsh(威尔士人) appear stupid or lazy. However, it is best to avoid this kind of humor.__79___these jokes are based on stereotypes(成见), they can easily offend(冒犯)others. In Iran, people try to use humor to change a boring situation into an enjoyable one. The jokes and humor __80___ on the situation. One kind of humor does cross cultures. Most people will laugh at the slapstick (打闹剧) humor of cartoons like Bugs Bunny or movies stars like Jackie Chan. A funny face or someone falling down stairs will bring a grin to most faces.
75. A) amused B) amusing C)amazed D)amazing
76. A)essential B)interesting C)polite D)fun
77. A)above all B)in all C)at all D)all over
78. A)unlike B)like C)for example D)dislike
79. A)If B)Unless C)Though D)Because
80. A)live B)decide C)depend D)base
Keys:
BACBDC
此处是短文的主旨，humour这个单词的定义：the quality that makes something laughable，根据or可见是和laughable是并列的单词，所以选择的是amusing令人发笑的。
根据前文的to appreciate this kind of joke这个目的的前提，可见后面了解文化是必要的，选择essential。
由单词unfortunately可见，笑话已经不好笑了，为了强调，这里not...at all体现。
总分关系：country和Britain是举例关系，且这里缺少介词所以用like。
逻辑关系是因果。
固定搭配：live on以...为生；decide on 在..方面取得决定；base on以...为基础。
当堂一测：
名词
1.There were so many___ in the streets yesterday because it was a national holiday.
A)people B)traffic C)policeman D)student
2. We should never be pleased with book knowledge. We also need Practical ______.
A)action B)ability C)skill D)experience
3.Studies show that less active student in class require a little more ______.
A) prize B) task C) friend D) care
4.Do American students have a lot of _______ to do?
A) test
B) survey
C) homework
D) project
5. Look , there are so many ________on the farm in the countryside .
A. duck B. sheep C. horse D. pig
6. Perhaps you have many creative to make your family time more enjoyable.
A. ideas B. thought C. advice D. suggestion
答案：CDDCBA
代词
1. It was careless of _____ to have made so many spelling mistakes in the article.
A) I B) me C) my D)mine
2.I don’t quite understand what you said. Would you please give us ___________example?
A)other B) another C) the other D) others
3.Mrs. Brown often goes to visit those AIDS patients in hospitals to cheer_________up.
A)they B)them C)themselves D)theirs
4.I have got three tickets for the concert. One is for today and _________ are for tomorrow.
A) the other B) others C) the others D)another
5.Which is ________ favorite monkey character, Abu or Monchhichi?
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
6.________ was able to escape from the build when the earthquake hit the area.
A. Nobody B. Everybody C. Somebody D. Anybody
7.__________amazing invention attracted all the people at the meeting.
A. They B.Their C.Them D.Theirs
8.Some people go to coffee shops to meet friends,________may just want to have a cup of nice coffee.
A. another B.the other C.others D.the others
9.The government officials in Shanghai will do_________best to reduce PM2.5.
A) they B) them C) their D) theirs
10.I phoned Peter’s offices several times this morning, but__________answered.
A) somebody B) anybody C) everybody D) nobody
答案：BBBCB ABCCD
数词
1.This is the_____time that I have read this interesting novel.(three)
2.The old man was too weak to get to his apartment on the ______ floor. (five)
3.Americans celebrate their Independent Day on the ____of July Every year. (four)
4.My workmate won first prize in the City Half Marathon when he was in his . (fifty)
5.Let’s take the lift to the restaurant on the ___________ floor. (twenty)
6.It is suggested that we should brush our teeth at least ______ a day. (two)
7.Tom’s grandfather showed great interest in Beijing opera in his .(fifty)
8. ________ Avenue is a good place for window shopping.（five）
9.We still need __________more assistants for the teen center library.（second）
10.Tyron went to live in Austria with his family in his .(fifty)
答案：third fifth fourth fifties twentieth twice fifties Fifth two fifties
阅读B
Omega Teen Camp is an experience like no other! Our summer camp is about fun, connection, self-awareness, and self-expression. Here, teens aged 13-17 have the freedom to____75____ from more than 50 activities each day. We offer lots of traditional summer camp activities like crafts, swimming, boating and basketball.
What makes the Omega Teen Camp unique (独特的) ?
●Taking part in workshops and experiences.
●High quality instruction and leadership by dedicated counselor-teachers.
●A summer program for teens that allows room for choice and spirit.
●Focusing on the integration(综合)of body, mind and spirit.
●Omega teen camp offers everything teenagers and parents would _____76_____ from a Teen Summer Camp. Teens build confidence and self－respect by having fun and exciting activities.
●You will challenge yourself and find inner strength. You will get used to your body and learn new ways to move.
●If you are looking for a teen summer camp, Omega Teen Camp has the progressive summer programme for teens you have been looking for.
Our___77_____
The Omega Teen Camp is directly owned and operated by Omega Institute, in Rhinebeck New York. Omega is the nation’s largest and most trusted education provider and is highly regarded for its pioneering work in studies _____78____ health, yoga, psychology, world music, and art, ect.
Our Location
The Omega teen Camp is located in Holmes, New York, ninety minutes north of New York City. We have a ___79____-week summer camp programme running from July 16 through August 12.
Come and join Omega Teen Camp. It must be a great place to be___80_____ who you are.
75. A)compare B)choose C)organize D)prevent
76. A)introduce B)suggest C)explain D)expect
77. A)Background B)Ambition C)Business D)Friendship
78. A)as well as B)in favor of C)such as D)because of
79. A)two B)four C)six D)eight
80. A) exactly B)actually C)luckily D)probably
Keys: BDACBA
中考冲刺辅导教案2
课程主题：代词、名词、数词、B篇
学习目标
1.掌握语法重点
2.掌握B篇的做题方法
教学内容
课前热身：
1.The________ to Hainan Island has been canceled because of the heavy snow. (fly)
【答案】flight
2.It's cold today. Please________ the milk in the microwave oven before you drink (hot)
【答案】heat
3.Henry's stories often have unexpected endings. They are________ welcomed.(wide)
【答案】widely
4.Many terrible traffic accidents happen because of ________ driving. (care)
【答案】careless
5.The volunteers give food and clothes to the homeless in ________ weather. ( freeze)
【答案】freezing
6.We know that it is _______ of students to cheat in exams. ( honest)
【答案】dishonest
7.Ann spoke the most ________ of all the students in the school speech contest. ( accurate)
【答案】accurately
8.The well-known restaurant will _____10 new dishes next month. (service)
【答案】serve
9.Road _________ has been paid much attention to since last year. (safe)
【答案】safety
10.We’re expecting a new in the family soon.(arrive)
【答案】arrival
布告栏
My secretary began to post unusual news articles,cartoons and pictures of faraway lands on our office bulletin board.
我的秘书开始在我们办公室的布告栏里张贴一些奇持的新闻、卡通和风景画等。
Although she changed the items on a regular basis，no one mentioned her efforts.Eventually she put up a notice stating that she would give one dollar to the first person who read the announcement and informed her about it.
按时更换，但从未有人提到过她所做出的努力。终于她贴出了一张告示说，谁要是第一个看到她贴的通知，就可以告诉她，那个人就能从她那里得到一美元。
Two weeks later, she received her first acknowledgement，a handwritten reply left on her desk:"I just wanted you to know how much I enjoy your interesting bulletin board. The Cleaning Lady.”
两周后，她接到了第一个正式的通知。在她的桌上留着一张字条:“我只想让你知道，我非常喜欢看那有趣的布告栏。清洁工。”
词汇学习：
faraway遥远的；恍惚的；偏远
bulletin board公告牌
on a regular basis经常；例行的；有规律的
no one没有人
put up张贴；举起；建造；提高；提供食宿； 直接行动
first person第一人
Cleaning Lady清洁女工
知识精讲：
知识点一：名词
【知识梳理】
考点1：名词的单复数变化
1）大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，以ch，sh，s，x等结尾，则加es；
2）以o结尾的单词除了两人（negro，hero）两菜（tomato，potato）加es外，其余加s；
3）以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s；
4）英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox—oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth。
关于以O结尾，加上-es变复数的单词，我们可以这样记住：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿，那么negro, hero, tomato, potato便可以很快记住了。
考点2： 可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达
可数名词与不可数名词的数量表达
只能修饰可数名词
few, a few, quite a few, many, too many, a (large) number of,several
只能修饰不可数名词
little, a little, quite a little, much, too much, an amount of, a large amount of, huge amounts of, a great deal of.
可数名词与不可数名词皆可修饰
some, any, lots of, a lot of , plenty of, enough,
名词单数变复数口诀
(一) 规则变化
名词单数变复数，直接加 -s 占多数；
s, x, z, ch, sh 来结尾，直接加上 -es；
词尾是 f 或 fe，加 -s 之前先变 ve；
辅母 + y 在词尾，把 y 变 i 再加 -es；
词尾字母若是 o，常用三个已足够，
要加 -es 请记好，hero, tomato, potato。
(二) 不规则变化
男人女人 a 变 e，鹅足牙 oo 变 ee；
老鼠虱婆也好记，ouse 变 ic；
孩子加上 ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。
2、1）名词可数性：专有名词不可数：人名 地名 国家。
2）物质名词不可数： 金 木 水 火 土 沙 肉 食 米 面 布 茶 咖啡 果汁 牛奶 酒 钢铁 玻璃 煤 油 墨水 作业 纸 粉笔 头发 新闻 天 气 天气。
3）抽象名词不可数：幸福 时光 爱情 知识 力量 发明 仁慈 友谊 关系 青春 信息 勇气 。
【例题精讲】
例1.The community has plenty of ________ for the elderly to communicate with each other.（2018年徐汇区二模）
A.room B.class C. program D. game
【答案】A
【解析】BCD都是可数名词，需要变复数，故用A
例2.How much________do you have on you?（2018年徐静安二模）
A. money B. coin C. key D.bill
【答案】A
【解析】How much后加不可数名词，BCD都是可数名词
【巩固练习】
1.These students collected much_______ on the Internet before starting their research
A.pictures B)materials C)information D)stories
2.There is little ______ in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some for breakfast.
A) tomato B) potato C) egg D)bread
3.There is little ________ that robots will take the place of humans in the future.
A. idea B. chance C. accident D. problem
4.We can get more ______ about international affairs on the Internet than before.
A. report B. book C. information D. suggestion
5.I was late for school because of too much__________on the road this morning.
A.traffic B. accidents C.passengers D.people
6.The doctor gave me some useful _ on how to improve my physical health.
A) suggestion B) message C) medicine D) advice
7.Uncle Tom raises many ____________ on his farm and we often go there for a visit.
A.sheep B.horse C.pig D.bird
8.They got much important ________for their survey from those new books.
A) ideas B) photos C) information D) stories
9.My English teacher often gives us much__________on how to write a good composition.
A)advice B)choices C)books D) ways
10.The farmers in that village raise a lot of ______ and make much money every year.
A) duck B) sheep C) horse D) cow
【答案】CDBCA DACAB
知识点二：代词
【人称、物主、反身代词大PK】
1、人称代词
表示我、你、他/她/它、我们、你们、他们/她们/它们的词叫人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。
数
格
人
称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he/she/it
him/her/it
they
them
Important Usage
★ 人称代词主格在句中作主语，宾格作动词或介词的宾语
He sits in front of me. I often help him.他坐在我前面。我经常帮助她。
★在英语中出现多个人称代词时，单数按照你、他、我的顺序排列，即you，he/she（him/her）and I/me;复数按照“我们”“你们”“他们”的顺序排列，即we/us, you and they/them.
You，he and I will work together.你、我和他将在一起工作。
2、物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词，物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，物主代词有人称和数的变化。
数
人称
类别
单数
复数
我的
你的
他/她/它的
我们的
你们的
他们的/她们的/它们的
形容词性物主代词
my
your
his，her，its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yours
his，hers，its
ours
yours
theirs
Important Usage
★形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只作定语，其后必须跟名词。
My son usually does his homework after dinner every day.我儿子通常每天晚饭后做作业。
★名词性物主代词相当于名词，可以作主语、宾语、表语等，其后不可跟名词。
These are their new books. Ours are over there.这些是他们的新书。我们的（新书）在那边。
I left my dictionary at home. May I use yours？我的词典忘在家里了。我可以用一下你的吗？
★名词前有了形容词性物主代词时，不能再加冠词、指示代词等限定词。
（√）my mobile phone （×） my a mobile phone （×）a my mobile phone
（√）her book （×） this her book （×）her this book
★名词+of+名词性物主代词，表示双重所有关系。
I met a friend of mine at the airport yesterday.昨天我在机场遇见了我的一个朋友。
★形容词性物主代词+own或名词+of +one’s own，表示强调“属于自己的”。
I won’t believe it until I see it with my own eyes.直到我自己亲眼看到我才会相信它。
We have a car of our own.我们有自己的小汽车。
3、反身代词
表示“我（们）自己”“你（们）自己”“他、她、它（们）自己”。反身代词由人称代词或物主代词+self或+selves构成。其中单数+self，复数+selves。
数
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
himself, herself, itself
themselves
Important Usage
★反身代词与它指代的名词或代词是互指关系，在人称、数、性别上保持一致。
You’d better take good care of yourself. 你最好照顾好你自己。
★反身代词常跟在for、of、by等介词后，构成固定短语。
I worked out the problem by myself. 我独自解出了这道题。
The wolf decided to see what happened for himself. 狼决定亲自去看看发生了什么事。
The computer can shut off of itself. 这台计算机会自动关机。
★含反身代词的常用短语
say to oneself 心里想 help oneself to 随便吃 teach oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 by oneself 独自地
Help yourselves to some cakes, boys. 孩子们，随便吃些蛋糕。
高频考点2
【不定代词大杂烩】
1、other、the other、another、others、the others、the rest的用法及区别
概念
用法
搭配
another泛指三者以上的“另一个”，
the other表示“两者当中的另一个”
others指“别的一些人或物”
other表示“其他的”
the others表示“其余所有的人或物”
指代单数时，若是泛指，用another；
若是特指，则用the other。
指代复数时，若是泛指，用other修饰名词的复数形式；若是特指，用the other修饰名词的复数形式
One…the other….“一个…另一个…” 范围是只有两个。
others不能作定语，表示复数意义，
相当于“other+复数名词”；
the others相当于“the other+复数名词”。
some…(the) others….“一些…另一些”，加the表示特指，不加the表示泛指。
another一般表示单数，其后接可数名词的单数形式。
the rest表示“剩余部分；其余”，指代可数名词或不可数名词。
2、either – both – neither; any – all – none; 比较
两者
三者及以上
肯定（修饰单数）
either
any
肯定（修饰复数）
both
all
否定（修饰复数）
neither
none
做题技巧
1. 找范围（两者 or 三者）；
2. 找所修饰名词的单复数；
3. 找谓语动词的单复数；
4. 注意隐藏的范围信息；
5. 句意理解也重要；
6. either/neither做连词时，就近原则。
3、little和a little；few和a few
可数
不可数
肯定
a few
a little
肯定
few
little
说明：
在与only, still, just, quite连用时用肯定形式，即a few, a little.
例：--- How much time do we have? --- Only _________.
A. a few B. little C. a little D. a lot
KEY: C
4、some&any
肯定句
(1) 用于
★希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句
1. adj. (2) 可数名词(复数) &不可数名词
some (3) 可数名词(单数) 表“未确指的人、事物或地点”
2. pron. Some... others; Some... the others;
否定句
(1) 用于疑问句
1. adj. ★肯定句（修饰可数名词单数，表“任何一个”）
any (2) 可数名词&不可数名词
2. pron. ★ any & either
相关例句与用法:
★Would you like some tea?
Mom, could you give me some money?
★You may take any of them.
You can get the book at any of the bookstores.
★ some和any构成的复合不定代词适用句型同some和any.
5、none & nobody & no one & nothing
none: ≧3；人和物；与of短语连用；回答How many/much提问的疑问句；
no one = nobody: 人；不与of短语连用；回答who提问的疑问句；
nothing: 物；不与of短语连用；回答what提问的疑问句。
6、one，ones的区别及用法
二者都用于指代前面所提到的名词，以避免重复。
one表示“泛指”，指代单数可数名词；ones表示“泛指”，指代复数可数名词。
高频考点3
【疑问代词】
疑问代词有who,whom,whose,which,what. 做主语是，谓语动词根据他们的代表的数确定。如果不清楚数量，多用单数。
Who is he playing with on the playground? 他和谁在操场上玩？
What is in the box? 盒子里有什么？
who, whom的意思都是“谁”，whom只能跟在动词或介词后作宾语；who可做主语，宾语和表语，可代替whom作宾语(但如果紧跟在介词后则必须用whom).
Who helped him with his homework yesterday? 昨天谁帮他做的作业？
Whom/ Who was the car invented by? =By whom was the car invented?
汽车是谁发明的？
whose 的意思都是“谁的”，可单独使用，也可放在名词前作定语。
Whose handwriting is the best in your class? 你们班级里谁的字写得最好？
Whose are these books on the desk? 桌子上的这些书是谁的？
which的意思都是“哪一个，哪些”，可指人或物。 what的意思都是“什么”。在指定范围的选择时常用which, 而what通常用来泛指“哪一类”
Which language do you like best, English, Chinese or Japanese?
哪种语言你最喜欢，英语，汉语还是日语？
What language do you like best? 你最喜欢什么语言？
高频考点4
【指示代词】
1．指示代词this (这，这个)，these (这些) 常常指时间或空间上较近的人或物；
that (那，那个)，those (那些) 常常指时间或空间上较远的人或物；
This is my computer. That is yours. 这是我的电脑。那是你的。
These gifts are for us and those ones are for them. 这些礼物是给我们的，那些是给他们的。
2． this/that 用来指上文已提到或已知的人或事物。译为 “这，这个/那，那个”。
The boy was afraid and the dog had sensed this. 男孩害怕了，狗已觉察到这一点。
He hurt himself on the way home, and that was why he didn’t come.
在回家的路上他弄伤了自己，这就是他没来的原因。
3． that可用来代替上文提到过的有定语修饰的不可数名词。
The population of China is larger than that of America. 中国的人口比美国的人口多。
The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Dalian in summer.
在夏天，上海的天气比大连热。
4． those用来代替上文提到过的有定语修饰的复数可数名词。
The students in their class are more active than those in our class.
他们班的学生比我们班的学生活跃。
5．打电话时，用this代指 “我”，用that代指“你”。
This is Linda speaking. Who’s that? 我是琳达。你是谁？
A: Is that Mary speaking? 你是玛丽吗？
B: Yes, this is Mary. 是的，我是玛丽。
【例题精讲】
例1.Jennifer has two children and __________ of them was born in winter.（2018年徐汇一模）
A.both B.some C.all D.neither
【答案】D
【解析】考察不定代词，前文two表明了范围是两个，而且谓语动词是was为单数，所以选择neither
例2.Volunteers help with research and animal rescue, and they teach________about sea life. （2018年杨浦一模）
A)other B)others C) the other D) another
【答案】B
【解析】根据意思，是其他人。没有范围的，所以用others。
【巩固练习】
1.Do you see that good-looking young man? is a famous Korean film star.
A) He B) His C) Him D) Himself
2.Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by__________.
A) I B) me C) my D) myself
3.The retired couple have decided to go to college. It’s time for ______ to begin a new life.
A)they B) them C) their D) theirs
4.I can’t connect my computer to the Internet. There must be _____ wrong with it.
A) something B)everything C)anything D)nothing
5.It was careless of _____ to have made so many spelling mistakes in the article.
A) I B) me C) my D)mine
6.I don’t quite understand what you said. Would you please give us ___________example?
A)other B) another C) the other D) others
7.Mrs. Brown often goes to visit those AIDS patients in hospitals to cheer_________up.
A)they B)them C)themselves D)theirs
8.I have got three tickets for the concert. One is for today and _________ are for tomorrow.
A) the other B) others C) the others D)another
9.Which is ________ favorite monkey character, Abu or Monchhichi?
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
10.I phoned Peter’s offices several times this morning, but__________answered.
A) somebody B) anybody C) everybody D) nobody
【答案】BBBCB BBABD
知识点三：数词
知识梳理
一、基数词的构成和用法
1．基数词的构成
（1）1－12的基数词是独立的单词，有其各自的形式：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。
（2）13－19的基数词以-teen结尾，如：fourteen，sixteen，seventeen等，但13 thirteen, 15 fifteen，18 eighteen的拼写较特殊。
（3）20－90十位的整数都以－ty结尾, 如：sixty，seventy，ninety，但20 twenty，30 thirty，40 forty，50 fifty，80 eighty的拼写较特殊。
（4）其他两位数的基数词，在十位数与个位数之间加连字符“-”。如：28 twenty－eight，96 ninety－six。
（5）三位数101－999先说“几百”，再说and，再加末尾两位数（或末位数）。如：358 three hundred and fifty-eight。
2．基数词的用法
（1）当表示具体数量时，hundred，thousand，million前面用具体的基数词或 several，many等词修饰，只能用作单数形式；表示模糊数量时，hundred，thousand，million要用复数形式，并且和of连用，表示“成百上千”、“成千上万”和“成百万上千万”；表示“在…中占（多少）”，hundred，thousand，million可同时与具体的基数词和of连用。
There are two thousand students in our school.
Thousands of people took part in the winter running.
比较: Two hundred of the students in our took part in the reading contest last week.
（2）“基数词＋单数名词”和“基数词＋单数名词＋形容词”结构，可以构成复合形容词，这些词之间必须用连字符“-”连接，如： ten－minute，six－year－old等。复合形容词只能作定语。
（3）基数词的复数形式，可以表示“在某人几十多岁”和“在几世纪几十年代”。
My uncle began to learn Japanese in his thirties．（在他三十多岁时）
比较: My uncle began to learn Japanese at the age of thirty.
He is one of the best writers in the nineteen eighties．（在二十世纪八十年代）
（4）基数词也可以表示顺序，如：Lesson Five，Chapter Three等。在这种用法中，通常不需要用冠词，第一个字母需大写，且基数词在名词的后面。
（5）“基数词＋单位名词（数量大于1时用复数）＋形容词”这种短语，可以表示具体的高度、宽度、深度、距离等含义。如：twenty meters high，five hundred meters away等。
二、序数词的构成和用法
1．序数词的构成
（1）序数词的基本构成一般是在相应的基数词后加－th，但要注意一些基数词变为序数词的不规则变化如：one－first, two－second, three－third，five－fifth, eight－eighth, nine -ninth, twelve-twelfth.
（2）以ty结尾的基数词变序数词的规则是把y改为ie，再加－th。如：twenty－twentieth, forty -fortieth. sixty - sixtieth, fifty -fiftieth.
（3）其他的两位数和多位数的序数词，只将个位的基数词变为序数词，前面的位数不变。如：twenty-one -twenty-first, three hundred and eighty-seven－three hundred and eighty-seventh。
（4）整百位数的序数词在词尾加-th，如：one hundred－one hundredth。
2．序数词的用法
（1）“序数词＋形容词最高级”构成的短语，表示“第几（大，长……）”等含义。
This is the second longest river in the world.
（2）序数词前面一般有定冠词修饰，但也有例外，如：①在序数词前面有物主代词时。They celebrated her eightieth birthday．②表示“再一、又一”的意思时。 We’ll read it a second time．我们得再看一遍。
（3）序数词作为街道名称时，如：Fifth Avenue第五大道。
三、分数、小数和百分比的表达
1．分数的表达：由“分子（基数词）＋分母（序数词）”构成，分子如果大于1，分母序数词用复数形式，分子和分母之间一般用连字符连接。如：3／5读作 three－fifths, 1／3读作 one－third。
One-third of the students are in the classroom.
Three-fourths of the earth is covered with water.
2．小数的表达：0.82读作 zero point eight two，7.45读作 seven point four five。
3．百分比的表达：45％读作 forty－five percent，67％读作 sixty－seven percent。
特别提示
1/2可以用a（one）half表示；1/4, 3/4也可用 quarter表示。
1/4读作 one－fourth或 a quarter，3/4读作 three－fourths或 three quarters。
【例题精讲】
1. My uncle served in the army in the 1950s when he was in his__________.（2018年奉贤区二模）
A) twenty B) twenty-two C) twenties D) twentieth
【答案】C in one’s twenties 固定搭配，在某人二十多岁的时候
2. _______people had to stay at xi'an Railway station because of the heavy snow two months ago.（2018年嘉定区二模）
A) Thousand B) Thousands C) Thousand of D) Thousands of
【答案】D
【巩固练习】
1.Mike likes coins very much. He has collected about five__ coins from different countries so far.（17年宝山区二模）
A) hundred of B) hundred C)hundreds of D)hundreds
2.According to a recent survey, about of working mothers in China plan to have a second child.（17年浦东新区二模）
A. two-fifth B. two-five C. second-fifths D. two-fifths
3.My cousin’s flat is on the ___floor with a good view of the neighbourhood.(ten)（普陀区二模）
4.The lift was stuck on the _________floor.(five)（杨浦区二模）
5. Every class will prepare a program to celebrate the _______ birthday of our school. (fifty)（虹口区二模）
6.All the classmate took the difficult exam, but only ____ of them passed.(fifth)（长宁区二模）
7. There were ten students in the room , then_______more came in silently.(third)（金山区二模）
8. The recording will be played to make sure you can understand each word.(two)（闵行区二模）
9. The May Movement is also called the New Culture Movement. (four)（静安区二模）
10. My brother and I decided to buy a special gift for grandma's _________ birthday. ( seventy)（青浦区二模）
【答案】BD tenth fifth fiftieth five three twice Fifth seventieth
知识点四：B篇
“完形填空（CLOZE TEST）”是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型。它是一种障碍性的测试题。在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力。这种题型归纳起来有如下特点：
1．在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占10—15％，长度一般在130—200个单词左右。
2．降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接，情理分析及推理判断能力。
3．针对初中学生的实际水平，一般采用故事体，尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体。近年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。
1.完形填空的做题误区
很多学生说，他们做完形填空时，往往采用“翻译法和代入法”，即做题时翻译文章内容，感觉哪个合适选哪个，看看划横线处有没有一些固定搭配，然后作选择或者填空。
其实这样做是很危险的：
① 在实际考试中，翻译很容易受母语影响，进行错误选择；
② 并不是所谓固定搭配一定是正确选项，完形填空是考查单词在语境中的运用。如果这个搭配或短语是不符合语篇、段落逻辑的，即便是固定说法，也是不合适的，在阅卷的时候这样的答案一定是错误的。
2.考查重点及解题思路
纵观这几年中考真题、一模、二模试卷，以及一些学校的月考、期中、期末试卷发现，完形填空重点考查单词，短语在句子、段落、篇章中的含义，而并非单词本身的“认知”含义。
这就为什么一些同学其实单词量并不缺乏，但完形却得分率不高的原因。
完形填空非常强调逻辑对应，请大家注意以下几点：
1.首句重点读
首句很多情况是topic sentence（主题句），告诉你文章的背景和主旨。首句一般不设空，如果首句设空，请重点读后面的例子，例子里面会提供线索。现在很多考题都是用后面的例子印证首句。
【例题】These days, it is ______ for children as young as Sammy to be so good at computers. Many Children use computers at home or at school and some schools even have their own websites.
A. hard B. unusual C. common D. dangerous
【解析】如果教师或者学生去分析这四个词用法，那就和这道考题背道而驰了，首句设空，我们重点读后面的那句话“很多孩子在家里，学校使用电脑，甚至一些学校有他们自己的网站”，说明对电脑的使用是持肯定意见的，选项Ｃ为正确答案， A、B 、D 都为否定意见，故不选。
2 .重点关注例子与例子之间的关系
几个例子联合起来都是去证明本文中心的，但例子与例子有时候会有正反对比或者是平行关系。
【例】If the test taker answers _____, the next item will be more difficult. If he or she answers incorrectly, the next question will be easier.
A. briefly B. smartly C. correctly D. thoroughly
【解析】“ more difficult”与后面“easier”形成对比，“incorrectly” 对应的显然是”correctly”。
3 .选词请重视“具体表达”“最佳适用原则”
我曾经给学生举过这个例子，如果这样出题。
这位男士很_____， 每次和女生一起出去逛街的时候都会为女生拉开商场大门，直到身边所有的女生都通过。假设选项如下：
A.good B.nice C.gentle D.handsome
你会如何选？
很多学生会选good， 觉得good是万能用词 ，什么都可以说好， 但这里错了，完形填空一定要基于语境，选择一个最适合，最具体，不是最宽泛的词语。因而C.gentle（很绅士）便是最佳答案。
4.选词之场景原则
【例】Sammy Liu, a six-year-old boy from Kowloon, has become a hero recently . One day he used the family's_____ to stop a robbery.
A. radio B. computer C. recorder D. telephone
【解析】后文都在说关于电脑使用，这里选择A、C、D显然不合适，文章里根本就没有提到收音机，录音机和电话， 虽然电话也能用来报警，但是一定要基于原文的场景。
5.平行原则的运用
完形填空文章很多时候是围绕一个话题展开，每个段落有的时候发展模式都是差不多的，前面提到如果首句设空，除了关注到后面的例子，还不妨可以关注下一段首句或者再下下段首句。类似的如果某段末句设空不妨也可以关注一下下面一段的末句。
例如有一篇文章是讨论积极态度给生活、工作、健康带来的好处，其中第二段末句这么写：With an active _______, you can overcome all the difficulties. 需要我们填空。在第三段末句出现了with an active attitude, you can be healthy. 如果学生在阅读的时候关注到这句，使用了“平行原则”，自然就能填出attitude 。
3.完形填空答题四遍法
正确的答题步骤应分四步：
1. 首先跳过空格，快速通读全文，了解短文大意及体裁，同时将一眼就看出几道题能直接做出答案；
2. 第二遍是答题的关键，应一个个地去推敲空，切忌按题号顺序答题，不能确定的先跳过去，先易后难是答题原则；
3. 第三遍是通篇考虑，把一些上下文联系很强，甚至牵涉到段与段之间逻辑关系的困难空缺填好；
4. 第四遍是检查，做完后再通读一遍全文，从整体把握文章的意思，修正与全文不相称的选项
【例题精讲】
What is humor? The dictionary defines(定义) it as “the quality that makes something laughable or__75____.” But that quality is different around the world. People like to make jokes about everyday parts of their culture. To appreciate this kind of joke, it is __76____for you to know something about the culture. Some humor is based on puns(双关语). Unfortunately, these jokes are not funny __77____ when translated into another language.
In some countries __78___Britain, jokes that make fun of other ethnic(民族) groups are popular. In many British jokes, the Irish and the Welsh(威尔士人) appear stupid or lazy. However, it is best to avoid this kind of humor.__79___these jokes are based on stereotypes(成见), they can easily offend(冒犯)others. In Iran, people try to use humor to change a boring situation into an enjoyable one. The jokes and humor __80___ on the situation. One kind of humor does cross cultures. Most people will laugh at the slapstick (打闹剧) humor of cartoons like Bugs Bunny or movies stars like Jackie Chan. A funny face or someone falling down stairs will bring a grin to most faces.
75. A) amused B) amusing C)amazed D)amazing
76. A)essential B)interesting C)polite D)fun
77. A)above all B)in all C)at all D)all over
78. A)unlike B)like C)for example D)dislike
79. A)If B)Unless C)Though D)Because
80. A)live B)decide C)depend D)base
Keys:
BACBDC
此处是短文的主旨，humour这个单词的定义：the quality that makes something laughable，根据or可见是和laughable是并列的单词，所以选择的是amusing令人发笑的。
根据前文的to appreciate this kind of joke这个目的的前提，可见后面了解文化是必要的，选择essential。
由单词unfortunately可见，笑话已经不好笑了，为了强调，这里not...at all体现。
总分关系：country和Britain是举例关系，且这里缺少介词所以用like。
逻辑关系是因果。
固定搭配：live on以...为生；decide on 在..方面取得决定；base on以...为基础。
当堂一测：
名词
1.There were so many___ in the streets yesterday because it was a national holiday.
A)people B)traffic C)policeman D)student
2. We should never be pleased with book knowledge. We also need Practical ______.
A)action B)ability C)skill D)experience
3.Studies show that less active student in class require a little more ______.
A) prize B) task C) friend D) care
4.Do American students have a lot of _______ to do?
A) test
B) survey
C) homework
D) project
5. Look , there are so many ________on the farm in the countryside .
A. duck B. sheep C. horse D. pig
6. Perhaps you have many creative to make your family time more enjoyable.
A. ideas B. thought C. advice D. suggestion
答案：CDDCBA
代词
1. It was careless of _____ to have made so many spelling mistakes in the article.
A) I B) me C) my D)mine
2.I don’t quite understand what you said. Would you please give us ___________example?
A)other B) another C) the other D) others
3.Mrs. Brown often goes to visit those AIDS patients in hospitals to cheer_________up.
A)they B)them C)themselves D)theirs
4.I have got three tickets for the concert. One is for today and _________ are for tomorrow.
A) the other B) others C) the others D)another
5.Which is ________ favorite monkey character, Abu or Monchhichi?
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
6.________ was able to escape from the build when the earthquake hit the area.
A. Nobody B. Everybody C. Somebody D. Anybody
7.__________amazing invention attracted all the people at the meeting.
A. They B.Their C.Them D.Theirs
8.Some people go to coffee shops to meet friends,________may just want to have a cup of nice coffee.
A. another B.the other C.others D.the others
9.The government officials in Shanghai will do_________best to reduce PM2.5.
A) they B) them C) their D) theirs
10.I phoned Peter’s offices several times this morning, but__________answered.
A) somebody B) anybody C) everybody D) nobody
答案：BBBCB ABCCD
数词
1.This is the_____time that I have read this interesting novel.(three)
2.The old man was too weak to get to his apartment on the ______ floor. (five)
3.Americans celebrate their Independent Day on the ____of July Every year. (four)
4.My workmate won first prize in the City Half Marathon when he was in his . (fifty)
5.Let’s take the lift to the restaurant on the ___________ floor. (twenty)
6.It is suggested that we should brush our teeth at least ______ a day. (two)
7.Tom’s grandfather showed great interest in Beijing opera in his .(fifty)
8. ________ Avenue is a good place for window shopping.（five）
9.We still need __________more assistants for the teen center library.（second）
10.Tyron went to live in Austria with his family in his .(fifty)
答案：third fifth fourth fifties twentieth twice fifties Fifth two fifties
阅读B
Omega Teen Camp is an experience like no other! Our summer camp is about fun, connection, self-awareness, and self-expression. Here, teens aged 13-17 have the freedom to____75____ from more than 50 activities each day. We offer lots of traditional summer camp activities like crafts, swimming, boating and basketball.
What makes the Omega Teen Camp unique (独特的) ?
●Taking part in workshops and experiences.
●High quality instruction and leadership by dedicated counselor-teachers.
●A summer program for teens that allows room for choice and spirit.
●Focusing on the integration(综合)of body, mind and spirit.
●Omega teen camp offers everything teenagers and parents would _____76_____ from a Teen Summer Camp. Teens build confidence and self－respect by having fun and exciting activities.
●You will challenge yourself and find inner strength. You will get used to your body and learn new ways to move.
●If you are looking for a teen summer camp, Omega Teen Camp has the progressive summer programme for teens you have been looking for.
Our___77_____
The Omega Teen Camp is directly owned and operated by Omega Institute, in Rhinebeck New York. Omega is the nation’s largest and most trusted education provider and is highly regarded for its pioneering work in studies _____78____ health, yoga, psychology, world music, and art, ect.
Our Location
The Omega teen Camp is located in Holmes, New York, ninety minutes north of New York City. We have a ___79____-week summer camp programme running from July 16 through August 12.
Come and join Omega Teen Camp. It must be a great place to be___80_____ who you are.
75. A)compare B)choose C)organize D)prevent
76. A)introduce B)suggest C)explain D)expect
77. A)Background B)Ambition C)Business D)Friendship
78. A)as well as B)in favor of C)such as D)because of
79. A)two B)four C)six D)eight
80. A) exactly B)actually C)luckily D)probably
Keys: BDACBA
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