初中英语中考复习 秘籍08 宾语从句-2020年中考英语抢分秘籍（原卷版）

秘笈08 宾语从句

考点 1 宾语从句

宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。

中考考查重点：

1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；

2. 宾语从句的语序；

3. 宾语从句的时态。

考向1 宾语从句的种类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

I don’t know why the train is late.

3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

考向2 宾语从句额语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。

1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。

He is an honest boy. The teacher said.

→ The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.

2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。

Does he work hard? I wonder.

→ I wonder if/whether he works hard.

1. Miss Green didn’t tell us ______ in 2002.

A. where does she live  B. Where she lives   C. where did she live  D. where she lived

【答案】D

【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，故选D。

考向3 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题

1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。

I remember he gave me a book yesterday.

He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrrow.

I don’t think (that) you are right.

Please tell us where he is.

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

1. Would you please tell me ______?

A. when did he come home

B. where he would play football

C. if he had seen the film

D. why he didn’t watch the game

【答案】D

【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。

2. I don’t know when ______.

A. will the train leave  

B. the train will leave

C. would the train leave       

D. the train leave

【答案】B

【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B项在语序和时态上符合要求。

2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。

He told me that he would take part in the high jump.

He asked what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

He asked if you had written to Peter.

He said that he would go back to the US soon.

3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

He told me that the earth is round.

考向4 that引导的宾语从句

that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。

一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法

1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。

①作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：　

She says that she will help me learn English this evening.

她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。

②作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如：

He is a good boy except that he is careless.

他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。

③作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如：

I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。

2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较：

He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。

He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。

3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况：

引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略：

She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。

I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。

4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况：

that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。

①从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；

We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。

②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：

He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.

他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。

③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：

I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.

对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。

5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：

We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday.

小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。

6. 宾语从句的否定转移。

在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如：

①我认为今晚他不能来。

【误】I think he can’t come this evening.

【正】I don’t think he can come this evening.

②他认为我们现在不在教室里。

【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now.

【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.

7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如：

We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he?

我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈，是吗？

8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that ...（据说……）；It is known that ...（众所周知……）；It is reported that ...（据报告……）等当作固定句式来运用。如：

It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。

考向5 疑问词引导的宾语从句

特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由疑问词 when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序，即＂主语+谓语＂词序。

①带有系动词be（is，am，are，was,were)的特殊疑问句。

宾语从句＂how old Liz is＂是主句动词know的宾语。how在从句中作副词。注意从句的顺序，主语在动词前（Liz is)。

②带有（情态）助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑问句

When is Ann going to lran? 安什么时候去伊朗？

→ Do you know when Ann is going to lran? 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗？

→ I don’t know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。

What should I do? 我该怎么办？

→ Can you tell me what I should do? 你能告诉我，我该怎么办吗？

→ Please tell me what I should do. 请告诉我，我该怎么办。

Where has Ron gone? 朗去了哪里？

→ Do you know where Ron has gone? 你知道朗去了哪里吗？

→ I don’t know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。

③带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。

Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了？

→ Do you know where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗？

→ I don’t remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。

What does Sue think about Lulu? 苏对露露的看法是什么？

→ Do you know what Sue thinks about Lulu? 你知道苏对露露的看法是什么吗？

→ I know what Sue thinks about Lulu. 我知道苏对露露的看法是什么。

考向6 if或whether引导的宾语从句

当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。

I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。

Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam.

爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。

I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。  

He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。

【拓展】

一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。

1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。

I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong.

Let me know whether you can come or not.

2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。

He dosen’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。

Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。

3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。

It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。

Success depends on whether we make enough effort. 

4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。

Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know.

5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。

We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气）

6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。

He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work.  

注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’t  doubt 意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑虑。

【特别提醒】 当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如：

The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。  

【注意】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略：

That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。

【特别警示】

含有＂否定转移＂现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如：

I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？

He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他认为我能来，是不是？

【注意】

（1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子：

How much does this coat cost?

→ I want to know how much this coat costs. 

Where did you go yesterday?

→ Please tell me where you went yesterday.

（2）当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。

What’s wrong with you? 怎么了？

→ He asked the girl what was wrong with her.

What’s the matter? 怎么了？

→ He asked the girl what was the matter.

What has happened to him?

→ We want to know what has happened to him.

1．【2019·徐州市西苑中学中考模拟】—Can you tell me ______ your online shopping products will arrive?

—In about 2 days, I suppose.

A．how long       B．how often      C．how soon     D．how much

2．【2020·哈尔滨市松雷中学校初三】—Could you please tell me _____?

—Find ou t which you can’t remember, memorize them and then practice them in reading.

A．how many words and expressions I should remember

B．how I could remember so many words and expressions

C．how I can remember so many words and expressions

3．【2019·安徽师范大学教育集团初三】—Excuse me, could you tell me _____?

—Sorry, sir. I wasn’t there at that time.

A．how did the accident happen

B．how the accident happened

C．how does the accident happen

D．how the accident happens

4．【2019·江苏省泰州中学附属初中初三】—I’m sorry about yesterday.

—Don’t worry about it. It’s never just one person’s fault. We should think about _____ betternext time.

A．how can we do it

B．how we can do it

C．how can they do it

D．how they can do it

5．【2019·黑龙江哈尔滨初三联考一】—I'd like to know _____ for the party.

—I have no idea.

A．why did she buy so little food

B．what she has prepared

C．whether will she dance

D．when is she leaving

6．【2019·陕西西安初三月考】—Excuse me, I wonder _____ I can pay for the new shoes?

—You can pay by using wechat or Alipay（支付宝）.

A．whether        B．when          C．how          D．why

7．【2019·内蒙古呼和浩特初三月考】— Could you tell me _____? I must find him.

— Sorry. I have no idea. But he was here just now.

A．where Tom was

B．where Tom has gone

C．where can I find Tom

D．where Tom has been

8．【2019·洛阳外国语中学初三月考】"I want to know_____ ." said the boy opening the box.

A．what's inside the box

B．where the box is

C．that there's some candy

D．how big is the box

9．【2019·广东中山初三联考模拟一】—Judy, do you know_____? —Sure, two days.

A．when did the sports meeting begin

B．where the sports meeting was held

C．how often the sports meeting is held

D．how long the sports meeting will last

10．【江苏省靖江市第三中学教育联盟2019届中考模拟】Our teacher asked me _____

A．what was Ann doing these days

B．when will the monkey show begin

C．why Peter didn’t come to school yesterday

D．how long I usually spend on my homework

11.【天津市北辰区2019年初中毕业生学业考试】Hi, Simon. I hear that you’ve just come back from Korea. I’m calling to ask_____.

A．how did you visit the city

B．B．how many days you’ve spent there

C．which hotel you stayed in Korea

D．how you found the popular local food

12．【2019年郑州外国语中学初三模拟】—I'm going to give a talk on the Dragon Boat Festival to the exchange students.

—Great! But don't forget to tell them _____.

A．what should they eat at the festival

B．why people enjoy the full moon

C．what kind of race is often held

D．How do people celebrate it

13．【云南省弥勒市2018-2019学年九年级模拟】—Excuse me! Do you know_____ ?

—It’s two kilometers away from here.

A．where is the supermarket

B．when does the supermarket open

C．where the supermarket is

D．when the supermarket opens

1．—Well done! You did very well in the final exam. Could you please tell me _____?

—Sure. I listened to the teacher carefully and did lots of exercises.

A．which is the best way to improve my grade

B．how did you deal with to get the good marks

C．what you did to get the good marks

2．—Soldier, I don't care _____. In this army, there's only one hairstyle—short! Understand?

—Yes, sir!

A．what you are used to liking

B．what are you used to liking

C．what did you use to be like

D．what you used to be like

3．—Could you please tell me _____?

—Sure. On Friday afternoon.

A．where the book sale is

B．when the book sale is

C．what the book sale is about

4．— Could you please tell me _____ yesterday?

— In a shop near my home.

A．where you buy the dictionary

B．where do you buy the dictionary

C．where you bought the dictionary

D．where did you buy the dictionary

5．Could you tell me _____ in British schools?

A．what do students wear

B．to wear what

C．what students wear

D．students wear what

6．— Excuse me, could you tell me _____?

—There’s an e-shop on the third floor. You can make it there.

A．how to arrive the e-shop

B．B．how can I go to the e-shop

C．where I can have my MP4 repaired

D．which was the way to the e-shop

7．— You look so worried, James. What happened?

—I’m still thinking _____ I can pass the exam or not.

A．though         B．whether        C．unless        D．until

8．—Do you know_____ ?

—Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th.

A．why did they move here

B．why they moved here

C．when did they move here

D．when they moved here

9．—Tom wants to know if you _____ a picnic next Sunday.

—Yes. But if it _____， we'll visit the museum instead.

A．will have; will rain

B．have; rains

C．have; will rain

D．will have; rains

10．—It is so noisy here that I can’t hear _____ just now. Could you please say it again?

—No problem.

A．what you say

B．what do you say

C．what you said

D．what did you say

11．一What a nice shirt！Can you tell me _____？

一Sure，at the shopping center near our school．I went there last Sunday

A．where you bought it

B．where did you buy it

C．where you will buy it

D．where will you buy it

12．If you watch carefully, you can see _____ the man does the trick.

A．who           B．what           C．how         D．which

13．—Mum．Can we go to the art museum tomorrow?

—Sure．But first we should find out _____ ．

A．what can we do

B．if it will be open

C．how can we go there

D．where we can go