初中英语中考复习 考点06 介词和介词短语-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过 （原卷版）

这是一份初中英语中考复习 考点06 介词和介词短语-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过 （原卷版），共12页。试卷主要包含了 介词辨析；， 介词短语辨析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题06 介词和介词短语命题趋势：   介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。中考考查重点：    1. 介词辨析；2. 介词短语辨析。介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。考向一：时间介词表示＂时间＂的介词如下： ① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on ② 表示时间的前后用before, after ③ 表示期限等用by, until, till ④ 表示期间等用for, during, through ⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, inat用于表示时刻、时间的某一点at lunch在午饭时      at breakfast早餐时         at noon正午时      at night在夜间at that time那时      at the moment此刻，目前    at the same time同时  at times偶尔，有时at nine在九点钟    at first开始的时候，起初     at last最后     ►We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）。注意：表示时间的名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。this morning今天早上   last Monday上周一   every week每周on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一时，一律用on）on Monday 在周一      on Monday evening  在周一晚上 on Tuesday morning 在周二早上   on June 6在6月6日 on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日   on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚 on that day在那天      on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天 on time准时        on the night of July（the）first   在七月一日的夜晚  ►We didn’ t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段时间内）。in the week在这周       in the holiday在假期中in May 在五月              in 1995在1995年  in summer在夏季         in Spring在春季 in autumn在秋季          in winter在冬季 in September, 1995 在1995年9月    in the morning 在上午  in the afternoon 在下午     in the evening在晚上 in the 21st century在二十一世纪   in time及时in an hour一个小时后           in a minute一会儿，立刻 ►The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。 ►People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。 ►Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作？ before, after（注：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词）before在……之前 ►Wash your hands before dinner.（before作介词）吃饭前请洗手。►He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’ clock.（前一个before作连词；后一个before作介词）他离开这儿之前/十点之前，将给我打电话。after在……之后 ►Let’s sing some songs after school.（after作介词）放学后咱们唱歌吧！►Please close the door after you leave the room.（after作连词）离开房间后请关门。by, until/till by 在……前（时间）；截止（到）…… ►How many English books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？►She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时（之前）她已经走了。 by the end of在……底（之前）     by then 到那时    by the time+从句 在……之前 until/till知道……为止（时间） ►We didn’ t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’ clock. 一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。（begin是点动词，所以用否定式） ►I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。for, during, through for达……之久（表示经过了多少时间），可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。during在……期间through一直……（从开始到结束）►He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。►We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。►They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。►They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。►He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。【注意】for和during。for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词。而during后决不能跟表数字的名词。from, since from从……起（时间）表示＂从……开始＂时，一般都是用词组from...to...，而单纯表示确切的＂从几点开始＂时用at。►The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。►The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。since自从……以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续）►I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。（强调一直病到现在）►The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.（since作连词，引导时间状语从句）这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。in, within in过……后（未来时间）大多用在将来时（一般将来时和过去将来时）。in an hour一小时之后          in a week or so大约一星期之后►He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。►They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。within不超过……的范围 within 3 hours 3小时之内          within a week一周之内►I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。比较：within和in。within强调＂在……时间之内＂，没有时态的限制。in是以现在为基础，in an hour是指从现在起一小时之后，所以in一般只用于将来时。考向二：表示场所、方向的介词 （1） 表示场所的介词：at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite （2） 表示方向的介词：into, out of, along, across, through, up, past ①at, in at在某地（表示比较狭窄的场所）at school上学          at home在家stand at the door站在门边    at a factory在一家工厂at the bottom of在……下面      at the party在聚会上at the end of在……末尾        at the table在桌旁at the station在火车站      at the crossroads在十字路口at work在上班               at the bus stop在公共汽车站►I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。in在某地（表示比较宽敞的场所） in Beijing在北京          in the world在世界上      in the house在房子里 ►His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。►She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。②on, above, over, under, belowon在……上面，有接触面。on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地图上。on在……靠近……的地方on the right在右边   on the screen在屏幕上     on the river在河边  on the farm在农场on the floor在地板上  on the island/beach在岛上/海滨  on the pavement在人行道上above在……上方►Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。over在……正上方，是under的反义词 ►There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。►A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。►under在……下面；在……之内under the table桌子下面    under the jacket在夹克内►The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。 below在……下方（不一定是正下方） 正下方是under，below是above的反义词。►There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。③near, by near近的，不远的near=not far，是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。in the near future在不久的将来►Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？by在……旁边，距离比near要近 by the window在窗户旁边    by me在我旁边►The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。④ between, among, aroundbetween在两者之间►My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。 ►What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别？ among在三者或更多的之中 ►There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。 ►He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎（很出名）。 around环绕，在……周围，在……四周 ►We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。 ►The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 ⑤ in front of，behind，opposite in front of早……的前面；在……的前部 ►There is a tree in front of the house. ►There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。 behind在……后面  behind是in front of的反义词 ►There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。►There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。 opposite在……对面 ►Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。 ►He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。⑥ in, into, out of, up in在……之内，用于表示静止的位置 ►The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。►The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。►He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向►The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。out of的基本含义：从……到外面，离开；在……范围之外；从（某个数）之中 up移动 ►The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。 ⑦ along, across, past, through along沿着 ►I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。across横过►I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。past经过►Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。through贯穿，通过►The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。►The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。⑧ to, from, for 单词含义例句to到达……地点（目的地）或方向He came to Japan in 1980.他1980年来到日本。from从……地点起leaver for动身去……   start for出发去…… I will leave for America next week.下周我将动身去美国。for表示目的地，＂向……＂  for表目的时，一般都是和固定动词搭配。It’ s about ten minutes’ walk from here to the cinema. 从这儿到电影院大约需步行十分钟。考向三： 其他介词（介词除了可以表示＂时间＂、＂场所＂以外，有些也可以表示＂手段＂＂材料＂等。） （1）表示手段和材料的介词with, in, by ①with和……在一起 ►Will you please go with me?你和我一起去好吗？with具有、带有 ►He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.他是有着一双明亮大眼睛的英俊男孩。with用某种工具或办法 ►Li Li cut her hand with a knife.莉莉用刀把手指弄破了。►He wrote the letter with a new pen.他用一只新钢笔写这封信。with one’ s help在某人的帮助下►With the teacher’ s help I have made progress.在老师的帮助下，我取得了进步。②in表示用什么材料（如用墨水，铅笔等），或用什么语言，或者表示衣着、声调特点时，不用with，而用in。►she wrote a letter in black ink. 她用黑色的墨水写信。►Don’ t write it in pencil but in ink. 别用铅笔写，用钢笔（水）写。►Can you speak in English? 你能用英语说吗？③by通过……方法、手段＂by+交通工具＂的词组：by bicycle骑自行车    by train坐火车by plane/by air坐飞机    by taxi坐出租车by car坐小汽车     by ship坐船     by bus坐公共汽车 （2）of, from①of（属于）……的；表示……的数量或种类►This is a map of china.这是一幅中国地图。►Will you please give me a cup of tea? 请您给我一杯茶好吗？②from来自（某地、某人）；以……起始（时间或地点）►I’ m from Nanjing.我是南京人。 ►We work from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上班。（3）without, like, as①without没有，是with的反义词。 ►Man can’ t live without air and water.人类没有空气和水不能生存。►Please give me a cup of coffee with（without）milk.请给我一杯（不）加牛奶的咖啡。②like像……一样►Nancy is just like her mother.南希和她的妈妈一样。 ►Nancy looks like her mother.（南希和她妈妈长得一样。）用look时，强调外表。③as作为►He is famous as a scientist here. 他在此地作为一个科学家而闻名。►The room is dirty as usual. 这房间像平时一样脏。（4）against, about①against反对；靠着►He is against the plan（Li Ming）.他反对这个计划。（他反对李明）►The teacher is standing against the blackboard.老师正靠着黑板站着。②about 关于；各处；身旁 ►Tell me something about your life.告诉我你的生活情况。      ►I have no money about/with me.我身上没带钱。about 询问某人/某物的情况或提出建议      ►What about your sister? 你姐姐情况如何？      ►How about going to the park? 去公园怎么样？考向四：介词短语1 at once 立刻        2 at last 最后3 at first 起先，首先        4 at the age of... 在……岁时5 at the end of...在……之末      6 at the beginning of... 在……之初7 at the foot of... 在……脚下      8 at the same time 同时9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午      10 with one’ s help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助11 with the help of ... 在……的帮助下   12 with a smile 面带笑容13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见     14 after a while 过了一会儿15 from now on 从现在起       16 from then on 从那时起17 for example 例如        18 far away from 远离19 from morning till night 从早到晚    20 by and by 不久21 by air mail 寄航空邮件      22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车  23 by ordinary mail 寄平信      24 by the way 顺便说25 by the window 在窗边       26 by the end of... 到……底为止 27 little by little 逐渐地       28 in all 总共      29 in fact 事实上30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时    31 in a hurry 匆忙  32 in the middle of 在……中间     33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快34 in time (on time) 及时       35 in public 公众，公开地36 in order to 为了……       37 in front of 在……前面38 in the sun 在阳光下       39 in the end 最后，终于40 in surprise 惊奇地        41 in turn 依次42 of course 当然        43 a bit (of) 有一点儿44 a lot of 许多         45 a little 一点儿46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上   47 on foot 步行，走路48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告    49 on the other hand 另一方面50 at/on the weekend 在周末      51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边52 on the other side of 在……另一边    53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是     55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是1. Diao Yu Island is _______ Japan. It belongs to our China forever. Anyone can’t part with China.A. in B. to C. on D. at2.—Mom, my knees have gone _______ my jeans.—No kidding! I just bought it for you last week.A. off B. on C. through D. out3. Kelly is thinking about how these old books can be put _______ good use.A. to B. in C. on D. at4. He wrote his phone number _______     a piece of paper.A. from B. for C. in D. on5. Darning can’t see the blackboard clearly because two tall boys sit          him.A. next to B. behind C. in front of D. on1.【2020•上海市】Mr． Smith always encourages his students to be active________ class．A．in B．by C．with D．from2.【2020•黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】Some people prefer tea_________ milk. However, I like drinking tea without anything in it.A. to B. with C. of3.【2020•黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】The ancient town has been open to visitors________about ten years．A．by B．for C．on D．though4.【2020•四川攀枝花】—Cindy, it's very nice _____________you to lend me your car. It helps me a lot.—It's my pleasure.A．with B．of C．for D．to5.【2020•天津市】It is going to rain. Take an umbrella ________ you.A．with B．at C．in D．from6.【2020•湖北省黄石市】More and more people in Huangshi choose to go to work ________bike.A．in B．with C．on D．by7.【2020•湖北省十堰市】—I am hungry now. I come to school ______ breakfast this morning.—You should get up early.A．of B．to C．at D．without8.【2020•鄂州市】Although the man is in his eighties, he grows vegetables ________ in his garden.A. in public B. in person C. in silence D. in fact9.【2020•武汉市】— Which is your uncle?—The big man, smartly dressed______________ a suit and tie.A. on B. with C. for D. in10.【2020•咸宁市】—I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.—You shouldn’t watch TV too much. It’s bad _________ your eyes.A. on B. in C. for D. with11.【2020•宜昌市】—Many people have been back to their work____________ March 5th.—Cities are brought back to life.A. for B. in C. since D. during12.【2020•长沙市】A Chinese survey team reached the top of Mount Qomolangma ________  May 27th, 2020, which will improve human knowledge of nature and scientific development.A. at B. on C. in13.【2020•湘西土家族苗族自治州】Look! The girl___________ red is helping an old man cross the road.A. of B. on C. in14.【2020•郴州市】I will be in senior high school ________ a month. I can’t believe the time went by so fast.A. at B. in C. on15.【2020•湖南省邵阳市】—How do you study for a test, Annie? —I study __________working with a group.A．by B．with C．in16.【2020•铁岭葫芦岛】—Sorry, I didn't do a good job.—Never mind. ________, you've tried your best.A. As for B. In total C. In that case D. After all17.【2020•山西省】—I am a little nervous every time I take exams.—Don't worry. Just try your best. ________, grades are not everything.A. After all B. As a result C. In the same way18.【2020•内蒙古包头市】—Hello, my name is John Smith. And I' m calling to ask about the position in your school.—Yes, the position is still open. You could come over and have a talk ______ us.A．with B．about C．through D．away19.【2020•广东深圳】— You are always there for me when I am in trouble.— That’s what a friend should do.A．in fear B．in difficulty C．in surprise1.【2020 • 北京市昌平区初三年级二模】—When is the Dragon Boat Festival this year? —It's ________June 25th.A. in B. on C. аt D. of2.【2020 • 天津市南开区二模】—Do you often write __________ your parents?   —No. I often talk with them __________ the phone.A. to; in B. for; on C. to; on D. for; in3.【2020 • 湖北省武汉市硚口区一模】—Which is your brother?—The big man, smartly dressed ________a suit and tie.A．on           B．with              C．for               D．in4.【2020 • 北京市房山区二模】In Beijing, flowers usually come out_________ April every year.A．in               B．of                        C．on              D．at 5.【2020 • 上海市崇明区二模】I share my difficulties as well as happiness ______ my best friend, Linda.A．for                  B．to                     C．with               D．at6.【2020 • 安徽省合肥庐阳区九年级第二次模拟】—We are sure to win. They're already three points_________ us.—You can’t take it lightly.A. against B. behind C. with D. for7. 【2020 • 重庆市永川区九年级质量检测（一诊）】I sometimes help my mom with the housework ______________ Sunday.A. at B. in C. on D. to8. 【2020 •浙江省温州市六校九年级下学期返校适应性测试英语试题】A recent study in Australia shows that parents are _______ the top five world’s hardest jobs.A. between B. among C. from D. above9.【2020 •天津市红桥区中考三模】My mother often says，“Stand tall like the sunflower and be proud   who you are.”A. of B. with C. at D. in10. 【2020 •江苏省扬州市江都区一模】—The praise we got is quite _______ our hopes.—It's your hard work that gets you success.A. beyond B. against C. over D. with