2022-2023学年重庆市高三上12月大联考考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年重庆市高三上12月大联考考试英语试题（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了 15等内容，欢迎下载使用。

重庆市高三英语试题
注意事项:
1. 答题前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)
做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15.
答案是C。
1. What will the man do?
A. Do some exercise. B. Look after the baby. C. Listen to the radio.
2. What is the weather like now?
A. Cloudy. B. Sunny. C. Rainy.
3. Which house is the woman looking for?
A. The one with a garage.
B. The one next to a bookstore.
C. The one with a pool in the garden.
4. Why does the woman refuse to go with the man?
A. She lives nearby. B. He has had some wine. C. She can take the last bus home.
5. Where are the speakers?
A. In a library. B. In a supermarket. C. In a cinema.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. What is probably the woman?
A. A teacher. B. A manager. C. A director.
7. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Colleagues. C. Boss and employee.
听第7段材料, 回答第8、9题。
8. Where does Mike come from?
A. Britain. B. Canada. C. New Zealand.
9. What does the woman think of Mike?
A. He is helpful. B. He is humorous. C. He is strong.
听第8段材料, 回答第10至12题。
10. What color is the man’s shirt now?
A. Bright pink. B. Bright red. C. Light pink.
11. How did the man wash his shirt?
A. He had it dry-cleaned.
B. He washed it by hand.
C. He washed it in the washing machine.
12. What will the man probably do in the end?
A. Return his shirt. B. Keep his shirt. C. Change his shirt.
听第9段材料, 回答第13至16题。
13. What is the man going to do this summer holiday?
A. Travel abroad. B. Go camping. C. Visit his aunt.
14. Where will the woman spend her summer holiday?
A. In China. B. In Spain. C. In Australia.
15. What trouble did the man have abroad last time?
A. He couldn’t speak Chinese.
B. He failed to reach his mates.
C. He couldn’t understand the local language.
16. What will the man have to work on?
A. Math. B. Painting. C. Chinese.
听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。
17. Who are the listeners?
A. Visitors. B. Students. C. New employees.
18. What can NatWest account provide?
A. A free driving lesson.
B. Free mobile phone insurance.
C. Discounts on train fares in Britain.
19. What do the three banks have in common?
A. They provide free life insurance.
B. They have many branches in Britain.
C. They don’t charge interests if customers are overdrawn.
20. What is the interest rate of HSBC credit card?
A. 18. 8%. B. 18. 9%. C. 19. 9%.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Volunteer Programs
Special Needs Support in Barcelona
Are you interested in being a volunteer of Special Needs Support in Barcelona? The program enables volunteers to provide one-on-one care for people with a variety of physical and mental disabilities. At a specialized center, volunteers can gain relevant experience by supporting people with disabilities.
Highlights:
The program starts every second Monday of the month.
Affordable fees are $ 1000 for 2 weeks.
It includes accommodation, meals and airport pick-up.
Animal Care in Spain
Do you want to make some four-legged friends as a volunteer of Animal Care in Spain? The project empowers volunteers to assist cats and dogs that have been abandoned in Barcelona. Volunteers take care of animals and improve conditions at the animal shelter in order to keep animals active and healthy.
Highlights:
The program starts every fourth Tuesday of the month.
Affordable fees are $ 1030 for 2 weeks.
It includes accommodation, meals and airport pick-up.
Forest Conservation in Spain
Do you want to help deal with climate change in Spain? The project provides a unique opportunity for volunteers to contribute to the recovery of the native forests on the Catalonia coast near Barcelona. Volunteers gain experience in fieldwork while helping the natural forest recover.
Highlights:
The program starts every Wednesday.
Affordable fees are $425 for 1 week.
It includes accommodation, meals and 24/7 support.
Coastal Conservation in Zanzibar
Are you excited about volunteering for coastal conservation in Zanzibar? It is an opportunity for volunteers to explore the Jozani Forest. Volunteers will gain experience by supporting local initiatives that aim to preserve the natural environment and wildlife through a range of activities.
Highlights:
The program starts every Friday.
Affordable fees are $ 540 for 1 week.
It includes accommodation, airport pick-up and 24/7 support.
1. When do you begin to work if you volunteer to help those with special needs?
A. Every Friday. B. Every Wednesday.
C. Every fourth Tuesday of the month. D. Every second Monday of the month.
2. Which program enables a volunteer to do something about climate change?
A. Animal Care in Spain. B. Forest Conservation in Spain.
C. Coastal Conservation in Zanzibar. D. Special Needs Support in Barcelona.
3. What do the four volunteer programs have in common?
A. They all charge fees. B. They all provide meals.
C. They all last one or two weeks. D. They all focus on environmental protection.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四个适合青少年参加的志愿者项目。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一个项目的“The program starts every second Monday of the month.(该计划在每个月的第二个周一开始。)”可知，如果你想去帮助有特殊需求的人，你需要在每个月的第二个周一开始工作。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三个项目第一句“Do you want to help deal with climate change in Spain?(您想帮助西班牙应对气候变化吗？)”可知, 该项目致力于帮助解决气候变化的问题。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中第一个项目中的“Affordable fees are $ 1000 for 2 weeks.(两周1000美元。)”，第二个项目中的“Affordable fees are $ 1030 for 2 weeks.（两周1030美元。）”，第三个项目中的“Affordable fees are $425 for 1 week.(一周425美元。)”以及第四个项目中的“Affordable fees are $ 540 for 1 week.(一周540美元。)”可知，这四个项目都是收取费用的。故选A项。
B
One of the reasons I became a teacher was how much I loved the reading and writing process, and how excited I was to help young children develop as readers and writers. I had visions of a class full of busy writers, all with the same sense of excitement I’ve always had about writing and sharing stories.
One day, I discovered the work of Vivian Paley, who developed a storytelling curriculum for young children that involves writing down the contents of students’ drawings and having their classmates act out these stories. I was immediately drawn to Paley’s focus on dramatization(编剧).
One morning, as my students gathered in our classroom for our writing lesson, I told them that they could draw anything they’d like, imaginary or real that day. They discussed with one another what they liked to draw and shared some of these ideas out loud, which helped inspire those who weren’t ready with their own ideas. For the next half-hour or so, I was busy writing down their stories. I observed some of my most hesitant and unwilling students drawing with a sense of focus and purpose.
At the end of the session, we sat in a circle and I explained that we would act out some of their stories. The“playwright(剧作家)”would choose classmates to be the characters in the story, and I would tell the story. Then the first playwright stood up to announce which char- acters she’d need. I watched as one student became a rabbit, another became a fairy, and another became a rain bow cloud. When the play was over, the actors and playwright bowed, and the class clapped for them. The next playwright jumped to her feet, shouting, “My story is next!”
4. What do we know about the author from paragraph 1?
A. She hoped her students would inspire her writing.
B. She didn’t really expect to be a teacher when young.
C. She wanted to help her students fall in love with writing.
D. She became a teacher mainly because she loved children.
5. How did the author react when she read Vivian Paley’s work?
A She decided to try drawing pictures herself.
B. She wanted to encourage her students to act.
C. She became interested in trying dramatization.
D. She wanted to let her students act out her stories.
6. What did the author encourage her students to do that morning?
A. Reveal their creative ideas through drawing.
B. Write down their stories in simple words.
C. Draw pictures of stories they’d read.
D. Observe others’ drawings.
7. What did the author probably realize in that session?
A. She was really good at making up stories.
B. Her students really had a gift for acting.
C. She should read stories aloud every day.
D. Her students really loved that method.
【答案】4 C 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者热爱教育，并在写作课上进行绘画和表演相结合课程实践的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“One of the reasons I became a teacher was how much I loved the reading and writing process, and how excited I was to help young children develop as readers and writers.”（我成为一名教师的原因之一就是我非常喜欢阅读和写作的过程，帮助孩子们成为读者和小作家让我感到非常兴奋。）可知，作者自己喜欢写作并且想帮助孩子们写作，由此可知，她想帮助孩子们建立对写作的热爱，故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I was immediately drawn to Paley’s focus on dramatization(编剧).”（我立刻被Paley对于编剧的关注所吸引。）可知，作者被这个课程所吸引，由此可知，她开始对尝试戏剧化产生兴趣。故选C项。
【6题详解】
事实细节题。根据第三段“One morning, as my students gathered in our classroom for our writing lesson, I told them that they could draw anything they’d like, imaginary or real that day.”（一天早上，当我的同学们聚集在教室上写作课的时候，我告诉他们说，他们可以画任何他们喜欢的东西，不管是想象的还是真实的都可以。）可知，作者告诉学生们可以通过绘画展示他们的创意。故选A项。
7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“When the play was over, the actors and playwright bowed, and the class clapped for them. The next playwright jumped to her feet, shouting, “My story is next!””（演出结束时，演员和剧作家鞠躬致谢，全班为他们鼓掌。下一个剧作家跳了起来大声说“接下来是我的故事！”）可知孩子们很喜欢这种形式的课程并愿意展现自己，推断出她的学生喜欢这种教学方法。故选D项。
C
Dogs have a seemingly endless list of lovely behavior, and their curious head tilt(歪头) at human voices is no exception. While conducting a study on dogs’ ability to learn words, scientists stumbled upon a potential link between dogs’ memory and their head tilt.
In the study, researchers looked at the head tilt patterns of both“gifted”and “typical” dogs. Owners ordered their dogs to fetch a specific toy from another room. While most dogs struggled to memorize the name of just two toys, the seven “gifted” dogs-all of which were border collies(牧羊犬)could remember at least ten different toy names they＇d been taught by researchers.
The team found that dogs that were particularly good at toy recall tilted their heads more often when hearing a command than dogs which weren’t as skilled. When they compared the dogs’ responses to a command from their owners, gifted dogs tilted their heads 43 percent of the time, while typical dogs did so just 2 percent of the time. It’s possible, scientists concluded, that the dogs’ head tilt may be a sign of paying attention or even matching a name to a visual image in their heads.
Researchers also discovered that dogs usually tilted their heads in the same direction regardless of where the owner was standing. The so-called “right-tilters“ and “left-tilters” may be a matter of individual preference. “The next step is to ask more questions to know what the head tilt really means, “says the researcher Monique Udell. “Can we use head tilting to predict word-learning ability, or attention, or memory?””
The researchers agree that the study is still in the early stages. For now, dog owners can take comfort in knowing that their dogs’ head tilt maybe a lovely attempt to better understand them.
8. Which of the following best explains “stumbled upon“ underlined in paragraph 1?
A. Broke by accident. B. Discovered unexpectedly.
C. Imagined without reason. D. Investigated secretly.
9. What were the dogs asked to do in the study?
A. Find out the hidden toys.
B. Find the name of the toys.
C. Separate the different toys.
D. Go to get the toys mentioned.
10. What did the researchers find out about the gifted dogs hearing commands?
A. Their responses were faster.
B. They tilted their heads more often.
C. They tilted their heads to the left more often.
D. They were more easily influenced by the owners’ locations.
11. What’s the main idea of the text?
A. Dogs mainly communicate by tilting their heads.
B. Dogs have developed specific communication skills.
C. A new study offers a clue as to why dogs tilt their heads.
D. Border collies are the smartest species in the animal kingdom.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究发现，狗的歪头行为可能与它们的学习能力有关系。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据首段中的“Dogs have a seemingly endless list of lovely behavior, and their curious head tilt(歪头) at human voices is no exception.(狗似乎有无穷无尽的可爱行为，它们好奇的头歪着听人的声音也不例外。)”及下文的研究发现“…a potential link between dogs’ memory and their head tilt.(……狗的记忆和头部倾斜之间的潜在联系。)”可推知，此处是指“意外发现”。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Owners ordered their dogs to fetch a specific toy from another room.(主人命令他们的狗从另一个房间拿一个特定的玩具。)”可知，在这项研究中，狗的主人让狗取来指定的玩具。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The team found that dogs that were particularly good at toy recall tilted their heads more often when hearing a command than dogs which weren’t as skilled.(研究小组发现，特别擅长玩具回忆的狗在听到命令时比不那么熟练的狗更频繁地歪头。)”可知，那些特别擅长记住玩具名字的狗，在听到指令时歪头更频繁。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段中的“While conducting a study on dogs’ ability to learn words, scientists stumbled upon a potential link between dogs’ memory and their head tilt.”可知, 文章主要介绍的是研究人员的一项发现：狗的歪头行为可能与它们的学习能力有关系。文章其它内容均围绕着这一研究展开。故选C项。
D
A team led by researchers from the UK examined waterbird data from 1506 protected areas and analyzed more than 27, 000 bird populations across the world. They compared waterbird populations before and after the establishment of protected areas and also compared trends of similar populations within and outside of protected areas.
“Our study shows that, while many protected areas are working well, many others are failing to have a positive effect, ” lead author Hannah Wauchope says in a statement. “In the majority of places we looked, bird populations were stable or were increasing, but some of them weren’t doing any better than in unprotected areas, “ she adds. “That’s disappointing, but not surprising. There seems to be the disconnection between people talking about how much land is protected and whether those areas are actually doing anything positive. ”
This study comes ahead of a United Nations meeting in China to discuss biodiversity goals for the next decade. Several countries have already committed to protecting 30 percent of the planet by 2030, yet the researchers say this alone does not necessarily guarantee positive out- comes for species.
“An obsession(迷恋)with reaching a certain area-based target-such as 30 percent by 2030-without focus on managing existing protected areas appropriately will achieve little, ” co-author Julia Jones says. “When world leaders gather in China later this year to set targets for the next decade, I really hope to see a change of their focus, rather than simply saying how much surface area they are going to protect. ”
According to Thomas Brooks, chief scientist at the International Union for Conservation of Nature, who was not involved in the study, waterbirds are a good example of a group facing the consequences of human behaviors that cause biodiversity loss. These animals respond quickly to changes in site quality and are broadly distributed, clearly reflecting the impact of protected areas.
12. What can be learned about protected areas from the study?
A. They have a negative effect on wildlife.
B. Their bird populations are increasing.
C. Their problems went unnoticed at all.
D. They don’t always help waterbirds.
13. What does the underlined word “this“ in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Expanding protected areas.
B. Organizing the meeting.
C. Talking about biodiversity.
D. Making a big promise.
14. What does Julia Jones call on world leaders to do?
A. Try to set targets for the next ten years.
B. Focus on the effectiveness of protected areas.
C. Face the consequences of human behaviors.
D. Have a deep understanding of biodiversity.
15. What might Thomas Brooks think of the study?
A. Pioneering. B. Disappointing.
C. Convincing. D. Unsatisfying.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。根据英国研究人员领导的一个团队发现，虽然很多保护区的运作良好，但很多保护区并没有产生积极的影响，并分析了出现这种现象的原因，希望世界领导人在未来的十年规划中能讲重点转移到保护区的实际效果上来。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““Our study shows that, while many protected areas are working well, many others are failing to have a positive effect, ” lead author Hannah Wauchope says in a statement.(“我们的研究表明，虽然许多保护区运作良好，但许多其他保护区未能产生积极影响，”主要作者Hannah Wauchope在一份声明中说。)”可知，保护区并不总能帮到水鸟。故选D项。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Several countries have already committed to protecting 30 percent of the planet by 2030, yet the researchers say this alone does not necessarily guarantee positive out- comes for species.(一些国家已经承诺到2030年保护地球的30%，然而，研究人员表示，仅凭这一点并不一定能保证对物种产生积极的影响。)”可知, 一些国家已经承诺到2030年时将保护地球30％的土地，此处的this指上文提到的“承诺到2030年保护地球的30%”也就是承诺“扩大保护区域”。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的““An obsession(迷恋)with reaching a certain area-based target-such as 30 percent by 2030-without focus on managing existing protected areas appropriately will achieve little, ” co-author Julia Jones says.(“痴迷达到某个基于区域的目标——例如到2030年达到30% ——而不专注于适当管理现有保护区将收效甚微，”合著者朱莉娅琼斯说。)”及第一段该研究的发现可知，她呼吁世界领导人关注对现有保护区的管理，确保它们能发挥应有的作用。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to Thomas Brooks, chief scientist at the International Union for Conservation of Nature, who was not involved in the study, waterbirds are a good example of a group facing the consequences of human behaviors that cause biodiversity loss.(根据国际自然保护联盟首席科学家托马斯布鲁克斯的说法，水鸟是一个面临导致生物多样性丧失的人类行为后果的群体的一个很好的例子。)”可知, Thomas Brooks认为, 研究水鸟确实能看出保护区对野生生物的影响, 该研究是令人信服的。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The process by which rich land becomes desert is called desertification(沙漠化). ___16___The U. N. says up to 45 percent of Africa’s land is impacted by desertification, worse than any other continent.
Africa’s Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8000-kilometer-long forest across 11 of the continent’s countries. The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight climate change. ___17___They include limited political support, lack of money, weak organizational structures, and not enough consideration for the environment. Just 4 million hectares of land have been turned into forest since the work on the Great Green Wall began 15 years ago. ___18___
Launched in 2007, the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean in western Africa to Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east. ___19___ It could also reduce levels of climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide from the air.
___20___They say some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent. For example, efforts in Eritrea and Sudan have resulted in nearly 140, 000 hectares of newly planted forest.
The U. N. desertification agency says the project will need to plant an average of 8. 2 million hectares yearly to reach its goal of 100 million hectares by 2030.
A. It has severe impacts on the environment.
B. That is only 4 percent of the program’s goal.
C. However, it is difficult to carry out the project.
D. But the project has been facing many problems.
E. The project would create millions of green jobs in rural Africa.
F. Despite many problems, those involved in the project remain hopeful.
G. Some countries have struggled to keep up with the demands of the project.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. B 19. E 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲绿色长城项目的进展情况。
【16题详解】
根据下文“The U. N. says up to 45 percent of Africa’s land is impacted by desertification, worse than any other continent.(联合国表示，非洲多达45%的土地受到荒漠化的影响，比其他任何大陆都严重。)”可知，该空是介绍沙漠化对环境的影响，A项“It has severe impacts on the environment.(它对环境有严重影响。)”中的impacts为解题的关键信息，所讲述的内容与下文一致。故选A项。
【17题详解】
根据下文“They include limited political support, lack of money, weak organizational structures, and not enough consideration for the environment.(它们包括有限的政治支持，缺乏资金，组织结构薄弱以及对环境的考虑不足。)”列举了各种问题，与D项“But the project has been facing many problems.(但该项目一直面临许多问题。)”呼应。故选D项。
【18题详解】
根据空格位于段尾可知，此处应该是对该段的总结，上文“Just 4 million hectares of land have been turned into forest since the work on the Great Green Wall began 15 years ago.(自15年前绿色长城工程开始以来，只有400万公顷的土地变成了森林。)”讲述的是自15年前绿色长城工程开始以来的取得的成绩，B项“That is only 4 percent of the program’s goal.(这只是该计划目标的4%。)”中的that指代的内容与上文内容相符合。故选B项。
【19题详解】
根据空后“It could also reduce levels of climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide from the air.(它还可以降低该地区与气候相关的迁移水平，并从空气中捕获数亿吨二氧化碳。)”可知，该空所填内容是对项目好处的表述，E项“The project would create millions of green jobs in rural Africa.”讲述的该项目产生的影响，符合语境。故选E项。
【20题详解】
根据下文“They say some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent.(他们说，近年来非洲大陆东部取得了一些进展。)”可知，此空所填内容中必须包含名词复数与该句中的代词they指代内容一致，F项“Despite many problems, those involved in the project remain hopeful.(尽管存在许多问题，但参与该项目的人仍然充满希望。)”中的those指代内容与they一致，结合上下文语意理解，可以判断F项符合语境。故选F项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2007, 22-year-old Ramesh’s peanut farm lost money. As was often the case in most of India, Ramesh was ___21___ pesticides (杀虫剂) and fertilizers across his 2.4 hectares in the Anantapur district of southern India. In this desert-like area, which gets less than 600 millimeters of rainfall most years, farming is a(n) ___22___.
“I lost a lot of money growing peanuts through chemical farming ___23___,” says Ramesh, who is interested in agriculture. The chemicals are ___24___ in many parts of southern India. The farmers depend too much on pesticides. The chemicals are ___25___ but the production is low. Then in 2017, he ___26___ the chemicals. “Ever since I ___27___ sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming, the production has been ___28___ and the cost has gone down,” he says.
One natural farming method calls for ___29___ all chemical fertilizers and pesticides with organic matter to boost soil nutrient levels. Ramesh also expanded his crops, ____30____ peanuts and some tomatoes. Then he added eggplants and other crops.
With the ____31____ of the non-profit organization Accion Fraterna Ecology Centre, which works with farmers who want to try ____32____ farming, Ramesh increased his ____33____ enough to buy more land, expanding his field. Like thousands of other farmers practicing natural farming across India, Ramesh has ____34____ to enrich his dead soil while his new trees help keep carbon out of the atmosphere, thus playing an important role in reducing India’s carbon footprint. Recent study has shown that the carbon absorption ____35____ of natural farming is as much as 34 percent higher than standard forms of agriculture.
21. A. collecting B. applying C. gaining D. robbing
22. A. advantage B. principle C. challenge D. disaster
23. A. phenomena B. conditions C. methods D. analyses
24. A. accessible B. specific C. missing D. common
25. A. costly B. useful C. complicated D. harmless
26. A. advocated B. abandoned C. adopted D. advanced
27. A. broke up B. left out C. backed out D. took up
28. A. increased B. emphasized C. ruined D. suspended
29. A. understanding B. replacing C. confusing D. rejecting
30. A. anxiously B. eventually C. rarely D. originally
31. A. adjustment B. aid C. exception D. debt
32. A. temporary B. overseas C. sustainable D. abnormal
33. A. fitness B. limits C. profits D. respect
34. A. managed B. hesitated C. failed D. agreed
35. A. loss B. barrier C. credit D. potential
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了以Ramesh为代表的印度南部的农民，最初以化学耕作法种植农作物，却成本高，产量低，后来采用自然持续的耕作方法反而富饶了田地，产量也增加了。这种可持续农业既使农民个人受益，也有效帮助减少碳足迹。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与印度大多数地区一样，Ramesh在他位于印度南部阿南塔普尔地区2.4公顷土地上施用杀虫剂和化肥。A. collecting收集，收藏；B. applying申请，应用；C. gaining获得；D. robbing掠夺，盗取。根据后文宾语“pesticides and fertilizers(杀虫剂和肥料)”以及地点状语“across his 2.4 hectares in the Anantapur district of southern India(在他位于印度南部阿南塔普尔地区2.4公顷的土地上)”可知，Ramesh应是在自己的田地里使用了杀虫剂和化肥。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这片沙漠般的地区，常年降雨量不足600毫米，务农是一项挑战。A. advantage优点，优势；B. principle规范，原理；C. challenge挑战；D. disaster灾难。根据前文“In this desert-like area, which gets less than 600 millimeters of rainfall most years(在这个沙漠般的地区，大多数年份的降雨量都不到600毫米)”可知，这里严重缺水，务农是一项挑战。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对农业感兴趣的Ramesh说：“通过化学耕作法种植花生，我损失了很多钱。”A. phenomena现象；B. conditions条件；C. methods方法；D. analyses分析。分析语境可知，这里的“chemical farming”应是指前文“pesticides and fertilizers”提及的使用杀虫剂和化肥这种化学耕作方法。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些化学品在印度南部许多地区很常见。A. accessible可用的，易理解的；B. specific明确的，具体的；C. missing丢失的；D. common通常的，普遍的。根据后文“The farmers depend too much on pesticides.(农民们过度依赖杀虫剂。)”可知，农民过度依赖杀虫剂，使得这种农业化学用品很普及。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些化学品很昂贵，但产量很低。A. costly昂贵的，花钱多的；B. useful有用的；C. complicated复杂的；D. harmless无害的。分析可知，“but”表达转折和反义关系，因此所选词应与后文“low”表达含义相反，“花钱多，但产量低”。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后在2017年，他放弃了这些化学品。A. advocated提倡，宣扬；B. abandoned放弃，遗弃；C. adopted收养，采取；D. advanced发展，前进。根据前文Ramesh的话“I lost a lot of money growing peanuts through chemical farming ___3___(通过化学耕作法种植花生，我损失了很多钱)”以及“The chemicals are ___5___ but the production is low.(这些化学品很昂贵，但产量很低。)”可推知，他应是放弃了这种方法。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“自从我采用自然耕作等可持续农业实践以来，产量提高了，成本下降了。”A. broke up分裂，分手；B. left out遗漏，不考虑；C. backed out退出，食言；D. took up开始从事，采用。后文“sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming(可持续农业实践，比如自然耕作)”是Ramesh放弃了之后，新采用的一种农耕方式。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“自从我采用自然耕作等可持续农业实践以来，产量提高了，成本下降了。”A. increased增长，增加；B. emphasized强调；C. ruined破坏，毁坏；D. suspended暂停，中止。根据后文“Ramesh also expanded his crops, ___10___ peanuts and some tomatoes. Then he added eggplants and other crops.(Ramesh还扩大了他的作物，原本是花生和一些西红柿。然后他又种植了茄子和其他作物。)”可知，Ramesh增加了自己的作物种类，由此可推知，他实行的可持续农业方法有成效，成本降低，产量增加。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一种自然耕作方法要求用有机物质取代所有化肥和农药，以提高土壤养分水平。A. understanding理解，明白；B. replacing取代，代替；C. confusing使困惑；D. rejecting拒绝，不同意。“replace sth with sth”，固定短语，意为“用某物取代某物”。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ramesh还扩大了他的作物，原本是花生和一些西红柿。A. anxiously不安地，忧虑地；B. eventually最后，终于；C. rarely罕有，很少；D. originally原来，起初。根据前文“In 2007, 22-year-old Ramesh’s peanut farm lost money.(2007年，22岁的Ramesh的花生农场亏损。)”可知，Ramesh最初是种植花生的。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在非营利组织Accion Fraterna生态中心的帮助下，Ramesh增加了利润，足以购买更多土地，扩大他的田地，该生态中心与想要尝试可持续农业的农民合作。A. adjustment调整，适应；B. aid援助，帮助；C. exception例外；D. debt借款，债务。根据后文“which works with farmers(与农民合作)”可知，这个组织给与了帮助。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在非营利组织Accion Fraterna生态中心的帮助下，Ramesh增加了利润，足以购买更多土地，扩大他的田地，该生态中心与想要尝试可持续农业的农民合作。 A. temporary短暂的，暂时的；B. overseas外国的，海外的；C. sustainable可持续的；D. abnormal不正常的，变态的。与前文“sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming(可持续农业实践，如自然耕作)”中“sustainable”相呼应，这里应是原词复现“sustainable”。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在非营利组织Accion Fraterna生态中心的帮助下，Ramesh增加了利润，足以购买更多土地，扩大他的田地，该生态中心与想要尝试可持续农业的农民合作。A. fitness健康；B. limits限制；C. profits利润，盈利；D. respect尊敬，尊重。根据后文“buy more land(购买更多土地)”可知，Ramesh应是挣了钱，盈利增加了才会有钱买地。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与印度其他数千名从事自然农业的农民一样，Ramesh成功地丰富了他的死土壤，而他的新树木有助于将碳排放到大气中，从而在减少印度的碳足迹方面发挥了重要作用。A. managed管理，完成；B. hesitated犹豫，迟疑；C. failed失败；D. agreed同意。根据前文“Ever since I ___7___ sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming, the production has been ___8___ and the cost has gone down(自从我采用自然耕作等可持续农业实践以来，产量提高了，成本下降了)”可知，Ramesh采用的可持续农业实践方法使得产量增加，由此可知，他成功地使“死掉”的田地富饶起来。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的研究表明，自然耕作的碳吸收潜力比标准农业高34%。A. loss亏损，损失；B. barrier障碍，屏障；C. credit信用，认可；D. potential可能性，潜力。根据前文“playing an important role in reducing India’s carbon footprint(在减少印度的碳足迹方面发挥着重要作用)”可知，自然耕作方式在降低碳足迹方面有着重要作用。因此，这里应是将其吸收碳的能力或潜力与标准耕作方式相比较的。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many teens dream about leaving home, but the truth can often be much ____36____ (hard)than they imagine. Many have been thinking about it, off and on, for some ____37____(year); some have been dreaming of independence since they were twelve, or even younger. Leaving home is part of the teenage dream.
Recently, a survey of “Young People’s Social Attitudes” asked British teenagers for their view ____38____ leaving home. Forty-nine percent of 12-to 15-year-olds thought that teenagers should be allowed ____39____(leave) home at the age of 16; another 12% said 17, and 8% said “when they want”. Only 23% of young teenagers thought that they should live at home ____40____ they were 18!
Yet the teenage dream seems to conflict with the experience of real life. When the same question ____41____(put) to 18- and 19-year-olds, almost half of them replied that teenagers should not leave home before the age of 18.
Nevertheless, leaving home is part of a teen’s ____42____(grow). Many teenagers leave to study or train or look for a job in a different town or city, ____43____(return) home when the money runs out. Others leave because they____44____(simple) want to get out. Most, especially younger ones, are happy to go home again later; for_______45_______ small number, leaving home is a definitive break.
【答案】36. harder
37. years 38. on##about
39. to leave
40. until##till
41. was put
42. growth 43. returning
44. simply 45. a
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是离开家是青少年梦想的一部分，在一项调查中发现，很多人认为应该允许青少年离开家，而青少年是否选择离家的因素有很多。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：许多青少年梦想离开家，但真相往往比他们想象的要困难得多。根据空前的much及空后的than可知，此处应用hard的比较级。故填harder。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：多年来，许多人一直在断断续续地思考这个问题；有些人从十二岁甚至更小的时候就梦想着独立。根据空前的some可知，此处应该用year的复数形式。故填years。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：近日，一项“年轻人的社会态度”调查询问了英国青少年对离家的看法。根据空后的leaving可知，此处应该填介词，结合句意，表示“对……的观点”，view后用介词on或about。故填on/about。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：49%的12至15岁儿童认为应该允许青少年在16岁时离开家；另有12%的人说17，8%的人说“当他们想要的时候”。分析句子结构可知，此处填非谓语动词形式，固定用法be allowed to do sth 意为“被允许做某事”。故填to leave。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：只有23%的青少年认为他们应该住在家里直到18岁！分析句子结构可知，此处应该填连词引导状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“直到……为止”。故填until/till。
【41题详解】
考查动词。句意：当同样的问题被问到18岁和19岁的人时，几乎一半的人回答说，青少年在18岁之前不应该离开家。分析句子结构可知，此处填谓语，主语 the same question与put之间是被动关系，根据下文中的replied可知，此处表示的是发生在过去的动作，且主语是单数。故填was put。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，离开家是青少年成长的一部分。根据空前的teen’s可知，此处应填名词，grow的名词为growth。故填growth。
【43题详解】
考查动词。句意：许多青少年离开去另一个城镇或城市学习或培训或找工作，当钱用完时回家。分析句子结构可知，return在句中作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语many teenagers 构成主谓关系，故此处应用return的现在分词形式。故填returning。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：其他人离开是因为他们只是想出去。大多数人，尤其是年轻人，很高兴以后再回家；对于少数人来说，离开家是一个决定性的突破。根据此空位于动词之前主语之后可知，应为副词修饰动词。故填simply。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：其他人离开是因为他们只是想出去。大多数人，尤其是年轻人，很高兴以后再回家；对于少数人来说，离开家是一个决定性的突破。number为可数名词单数，其前需要有限定词，所以填冠词，结合句意此处表示“少数”，为泛指概念，且空后的small首字母是辅音。故填a。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 近期, 将有一批外宾来你校参观学习。为保证疫情防控安全，请你撰写一篇英文广播稿，提醒外宾遵守疫情防控要求，内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎；
2. 防控要求；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
提示词： 场所码 venue code 48小时核酸检测报告 48-hour nucleic acid test results
Dear visitors,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you.
【答案】Dear visitors,
We are greatly pleased to welcome you as one of the respectable visitors of our school. On behalf of all the students and faculty, I am conveying my thanks to you to choose our school for your visit.
During the outbreak of COVID-19, for your and others’ health concern, you’re requested to scan the venue code with your phone, take your temperature, show us your 48-hour nucleic acid test results forwardly and wear your mask correctly. Thanks for your understanding.
We wish for your better experience with us.
Thank you.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生撰写一篇英文广播稿，提醒来学校参观学习外宾遵守疫情防控要求。
【详解】1.词汇积累
值得尊敬的：respectable →honorable
表达：convey →express
要求，请求：request →ask →require
恰当地：correctly →properly
2.句式拓展
介词短语作状语变分词短语作状语
原句：On behalf of all the students and faculty, I am conveying my thanks to you to choose our school for your visit.
拓展句：Representing all the students and faculty, I am conveying my thanks to you to choose our school for your visit.
【点睛】【高分句型1】We are greatly pleased to welcome you as one of the respectable visitors of our school.（运用了不定式短语作原因状语）
【高分句型2】During the outbreak of COVID-19, for your and others’ health concern, you’re requested to scan the venue code with your phone, take your temperature, show us your 48-hour nucleic acid test results forwardly and wear your mask correctly.（运用了被动语态结构）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After Justin Gordon came back from his last delivery, the kitchen was clean and empty and the lights were off. He was changing his clothes when the restaurant’s landline rang. He wasn’t supposed to answer the phone, but he was afraid it might be his boss, Mr. Kelso. So he picked up the phone and said, “Gourmet Restaurant, may I help you?” An old woman’s voice was on the other side, “I’m so glad you’re still open! I’ve just returned from a long trip and I have no food in the house. I really want to order some dinner!” Justin hesitated fora moment, then he wrote down the woman’s name and address and headed for the kitchen.
Fortunately, Justin was an excellent cook. In fact, his late father was a good chef and his dream was to become another, but he couldn’t afford to enter the Culinary Academy(烹饪学院).
The food was ready soon. He wouldn’t have time to clean up the kitchen if he was to de- liver the food quickly. So he decided to come into work early the next morning. He jumped onto his motorbike and headed for the customer’s address.
A woman in a wheelchair answered the door. “Good evening, Madam, this is a special delivery from Gourmet Restaurant. It is free of charge!” Justin said.
Early the next morning, the first thing for Justin was to clean up the kitchen.
He had nearly finished when Mr. Kelso walked in. “You’re not the chef! You’re allowed in the kitchen only if it’s to pick up deliveries!” he screamed, “you acted against the rule! YOU’RE FIRED!” Justin was close to tears, but he knew that he had broken the rule. There was nothing he could say more.
Mr. Kelso was extremely angry. When he went to dinner at his mother’s that evening, he told her all about it. “Some woman phoned in an order after hours, and he left the kitchen in chaos!” he scoffed, “can you believe it?”
“Yes,” his mother said, “I phoned him, son.”
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
His mother told him what happened that evening.
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Mr. Kelso managed to find Justin and invite him to lunch at Gourmet Restaurant.
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【答案】参考范文:
His mother told him what happened that evening. She came back home from her trip and there was no food in the house. She was so hungry that she placed an order even though she knew the kitchen was closed. But the food the young man delivered was a lot better than what the current chef cooked. In addition, he wouldn’t let her pay for the dinner. Mr. Kelso apologized to his mother for forgetting to do some shopping for her.
Mr. Kelso managed to find Justin and invite him to lunch at Gourmet Restaurant. Justin was astonished to see his former boss on his doorstep the next day. That day, Mr. Kelso and Justin had a lovely lunch. He asked Justin where he had learned to cook. Justin explained his father had been a chef and he learned cooking from his father. Mr. Kelso smiled and said that his mother loved the food Justin had cooked for her, and Gourmet Restaurant was taking him back as a part-time assistant chef on the weekends, what’s more, he would pay for his tuition at the Culinary Academy starting next semester!
【解析】
【导语】本故事以人物为线索展开，Justin Gordon在一家餐厅负责送货，一天晚上很晚才回来的他接到了一个老妇人的电话，要点晚餐，Justin Gordon就做好一顿美餐送给老妇人，因为Justin Gordon是运货员，不允许进入厨房，为此，老板Mr. Kelso打算把他开除。当老板Mr. Kelso回到家中将该事情告诉他的母亲的时候，他才知道打电话的老妇人是他的母亲。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他的母亲告诉他那天晚上发生的事情。”可知，第一段可描写这位老妇人把事情的来龙去脉告诉Mr. Kelso以及得知实情后Mr. Kelso的反应。
②由第二段首句内容“Mr. Kelso设法找到了Justin，并邀请他在美食餐厅共进午餐。”可知，第二段可描写Mr. Kelso与Justin Gordon在午餐时聊的内容以及Mr. Kelso如何感谢Justin Gordon。
2.续写线索：老妇人告知实情——Mr. Kelso安慰老妇人——找回Justin Gordon——表达歉意——邀请回店工作——表达谢意
3.词汇激活
行为类
①回家：come back home/return home
②点餐：place an order/take an order
③成功做到：manage to do/succeed in doing/make it
情绪类
①惊讶：be astonished /amazed/surprised/shocked
②开心：smile/feel happy/be wild with delight
【点睛】[高分句型1] She was so hungry that she placed an order even though she knew the kitchen was closed. （运用了so…that…句型）
[高分句型2] Justin was astonished to see his former boss on his doorstep the next day. （运用了不定式短语作状语）
[高分句型3] Mr. Kelso smiled and said that his mother loved the food Justin had cooked for her, and Gourmet Restaurant was taking him back as a part-time assistant chef on the weekends, what’s more, he would pay for his tuition at the Culinary Academy starting next semester! （运用了在分词短语作定语）
听力答案:1~5 ACBBA 6~10 ABCAC 11~15 CBBAC 16~20 ABCCA