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辽宁省东北育才学校2023届高三英语上学期高考适应性试题（一模）（Word版附解析）
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这是一份辽宁省东北育才学校2023届高三英语上学期高考适应性试题（一模）（Word版附解析）
东北育才学校2022-2023学年度高考适应性测试(一)
英语试题
满分：150分 时间：120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where is the woman’s hotel room?
A. Opposite the beach. B. Next to the garden. C. Across from the pool.
2. What do we know about the man?
A. He owns a clothing store.
B. His wife often buys him ties.
C. He often goes shopping with his wife.
3. What will the speakers do next?
A. Place an order. B. Continue packing. C. Stop working.
4. Why did the man stop halfway during the trip?
A. To change drivers. B. To start a new car. C. To repair the air conditioning.
5. What does the man mean?
A. He has a headache. B. He agrees with the woman. C. He tries hard to find a house.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the man’s opinion on classical music?
A. It is boring. B. It is gentle. C. It is outstanding.
7. What does the woman say about The Beatles?
A. They think a lot about life. B. They make her feel secure. C. They are excellent.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What are the speakers discussing?
A. A meeting schedule. B. Some lectures. C. A presentation.
9. How long will the woman’s lecture last?
A. For 60 minutes. B. For 90 minutes. C. For 105 minutes.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What might be the relationship between the speakers?
A. Neighbors. B. Teacher and student. C. Classmates.
11. What concerns the man?
A. He might disturb his mother.
B. He may lose the competition.
C. He can’t find a piece of suitable music.
12. How will the woman help the man?
A. By introducing him to a musician.
B. By finding him a place to practise.
C. By playing the piano with him.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the man doing?
A. Interviewing the woman. B. Planning for next term. C. Looking for a part-time job.
14. Which place is in need of cleaners?
A. A middle school. B. A business building. C. A market.
15. What does the man think of the job in the Centre Zoo?
A. The working hours are long.
B. The pay is good.
C. The task is challenging.
16. What does the man plan to do next term?
A. Work part-time. B. Become a guide in a zoo. C. Focus on his schoolwork.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What kind of reasons does the speaker suggest smokers list?
A. Factual reasons. B. Specific reasons. C. Future-based reasons.
18. What is the most important for people to quit smoking?
A. Their belief. B. Their energy. C. Their courage.
19. What advice does the speaker give smokers on quitting smoking?
A. Reward themselves with the money saved.
B. Give themselves rewards once a week.
C. Save the money for a birthday gift.
20. What day does the speaker advise listeners to choose as a quit date?
A. One’s birthday. B. New Year’s Day. C. Every Monday.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) is one of the most popular of the Post-Impressionist painters. He is famed for the great vitality of his works which are characterized by expressive and emotive use of brilliant color and energetic application of impastoed (厚原料的) paint.
Below are some famous pictures painted by Vincent and the poetic lyrics(歌词) to Don McLean’s hit song Vincent (Starry, Starry Night) in the famous cartoon film 《Loving Vincent》 .
Vincent
Starry, starry night,
Paint your palette(画板) blue and grey,
Look out on a summer’s day,
With eyes that know the darkness in my soul.
Shadows on the hills,
Sketch the trees and the daffodils,
Catch the breeze and the winter chill,
In colors on the snowy linen land.
Now I understand
What you tried to say to me
How you suffered for your sanity(精神正常)
How you tied to set them free.
They would not listen
They did not know how
Perhaps they'll listen now.
Starry, starry night.
Flaming flowers that brightly blaze,
Swirling clouds in violet haze(阴霾,疑惑),
Reflect in Vincent’s eyes of china blue.
Colors changing hue,
morning. field of amber(黄色的) grain,
Weathered faces lined in pain,
Are soothed(抚慰) beneath the artist’s loving hand.
For they could not love you,
But still your love was true.
And when no hope was left in sight
On that starry, starry night,
You took your life, as lovers often do.
But I could have told you, Vincent,
This world was never meant for one
As beautiful as you.
Now I think I know what you tried to say to me,
How you suffered for your sanity,
How you tried to set them free.
They would not listen,
They're not listening sill
Perhaps they never will…
the sunflowers
Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear
the Yellow House
Starry Night
Head of a Peasant Woman
The Potato Eaters
1 What attitude does the writer of the song have towards Van Gogh?
A. Prejudiced and changeable. B. Admiring and understanding.
C. Doubtful but respectful. D. Positive but contradictory.
2. According to the song, Van Gogh was__________.
A. good at drawing on starry nights B. murdered by one of his lovers
C. a person full of love and beauty D. popular with people when be was alive
3. Which of the following belong to the four famous pictures of Van Gogh’s mentioned in the underlined parts in 4th paragraph?
A. The sunflowers, the Potato Eaters
B. Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear, Head of a Peasant Woman
C. the Potato Eaters, the Yellow House
D. Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear, Wheat Field with Crows
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章作者带着读者在诗意的歌词中，欣赏梵高的一些著名画作。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据歌词第一段中的“Look out on a summer’s day,With eyes that know the darkness in my soul.”（在某个夏日里向外张望的，不正是你那能看透我灵魂的双眼）以及第三段中的“Now I understand. What you tried to say to me.”（此时我终于明白，你想对我倾诉些什么）可知，这首歌的词作者对梵高是钦佩和理解的，故B项正确。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据歌词第五段中的“For they could not love you, But still your love was true.”可知，虽然他们不曾爱你，但你依然真挚地爱着他们，再根据“This world was never meant for oneAs beautiful as you.”可知，世界上再无你这般的美好，由此可知，这首歌的词作者认为梵高是一个充满爱和美好的人，故C项正确。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据歌词第四段中的“Flaming flowers that brightly blaze,Swirling clouds in violet haze”可知，绚烂如火怒放的花朵，紫罗兰色迷雾中旋转的云团，这句中绚烂如火的花朵对应的是梵高的名作《向日葵》，再根据“morning. field of amber(黄色的) grain,Weathered faces lined in pain”可知，清晨琥珀色的稻田，苍老的脸庞镌刻着痛苦的皱纹，这句中苍老的脸庞对应的是他的名作《吃土豆的人》，故A项正确。
B
Steph Clemence always intended to go to college. She had good grades and considered herself college bound. But life has a tendency to throw obstacles in the way. When her father died tragically in a car accident, leaving her mother to support three daughters on a modest income, paying for college became out of the question.
Around that time, Steph tried to figure out what to do with a life that had differed so much from the plan she’d carefully laid out. The answer came one afternoon when she found a list from the English teacher she’d had in her junior year, Dorothy Clark. One afternoon, Mrs. Clark walked into the classroom carrying a pile of papers. She instructed each students to take one. The handout was titled Mrs. Clark’s Book List. “It wasn’t homework,” the teacher announced, “but it could be a road map. Some of you might not go on to higher education, but you can continue to learn.” It would, she believed, form the equivalent of two years at a liberal arts college.
“She knew the income levels of the kids in my high school,” says Steph. “Working-class and logging families. She knew most of us would not go to college. But she knew we could continue to learn after high school. She was right about that.” Steph studied the list. Each of those books sparked her passion to learn more, which made her look for other books that weren’t on the list, hoping to deepen her knowledge. Over the years, the reading list was a constant in her life, traveling with her even on vacations.
Now Steph is 70 and she never did get to college. But she has only four books left to read from the list. She expects to complete them sometime in 2023. “Each of the books has added something to who I am and how I see the world.” she says, “I now have gained an insight to see why things happened and what it might mean.”
4. What prevented Steph going to college?
A. Her bad grades. B. Her lack of financial support.
C. Her low income. D. Her tragic accident.
5. Why did Mrs. Clark create the book list?
A. To prepare students for college.
B. To serve as a reading task for students.
C. To share her favorite books with students.
D. To encourage students to continue learning.
6. How does Steph feel about the book list now?
A. Regretful. B. Moved. C. Satisfied. D. Determined.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. A good reading habit. B. An influential reading list.
C. An impressive English teacher. D. A memorable experience in high school.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了Steph Clemence成绩很好，一直认为自会上大学。但她的父亲在一场车祸中不幸去世，母亲要艰难的抚养三个孩子，她的大学学费变得不可能。但她的英语老师的书单给了她帮助：即使不上大学，也可以通过阅读获取更多的知识。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“When her father died tragically in a car accident, leaving her mother to support three daughters on a modest income, paying for college became out of the question. （当她的父亲在一场车祸中不幸去世，留下母亲靠微薄的收入养活三个女儿时，支付大学费用变得不可能。）”可知，爸爸的突然去世，使得妈妈养家的负担过重，无法承担她的大学学费。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The handout was titled Mrs. Clark’s Book List. “It wasn’t homework,” the teacher announced, “but it could be a road map. Some of you might not go on to higher education, but you can continue to learn.” It would, she believed, form the equivalent of two years at a liberal arts college. （这本讲义的标题是克拉克夫人的书单。“这不是家庭作业，”老师宣布，“但它可能是一张路线图。你们中的一些人可能不会继续接受高等教育，但你可以继续学习。”她认为，这相当于在文理学院的两年时间。）”可知，Mrs. Clark创建书单的目的是鼓励那些不能上大学的孩子们继续通过阅读学习。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Steph studied the list. Each of those books sparked her passion to learn more, which made her look for other books that weren’t on the list, hoping to deepen her knowledge. Over the years, the reading list was a constant in her life, traveling with her even on vacations. （斯蒂芬研究了这份清单。这些书中的每一本书都激发了她学习更多知识的热情，这让她寻找其他不在清单上的书，希望加深她的知识。多年来，阅读清单一直是她生活中的常客，甚至在度假时也和她一起旅行。）”和最后一段““Each of the books has added something to who I am and how I see the world.” she says, “I now have gained an insight to see why things happened and what it might mean.”（“每一本书都为我是谁以及我如何看待世界增添了一些东西，”她说，“我现在有了深刻的洞察力，明白了事情为什么会发生，以及它可能意味着什么。）”可知，书单上的书给她带来许多知识和启示，虽然未能上大学，但通过阅读有了深刻的洞察力，即：她对这份书单很满意。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Around that time, Steph tried to figure out what to do with a life that had differed so much from the plan she’d carefully laid out. The answer came one afternoon when she found a list from the English teacher she’d had in her junior year, Dorothy Clark. （大约在那个时候，斯蒂芬试图弄清楚如何处理与她精心制定的计划大相径庭的生活。一天下午，当她从高三时的英语老师多萝西·克拉克那里找到了一份名单时，答案就来了。）”和第三段“Steph studied the list. Each of those books sparked her passion to learn more, which made her look for other books that weren’t on the list, hoping to deepen her knowledge. Over the years, the reading list was a constant in her life, traveling with her even on vacations. （斯蒂芬研究了这份清单。这些书中的每一本书都激发了她学习更多知识的热情，这让她寻找其他不在清单上的书，希望加深她的知识。多年来，阅读清单一直是她生活中的常客，甚至在度假时也和她一起旅行。）”可知，文章主要讲述的是作者在英语老师萝西·克拉克的书单的帮助下，即使没能上大学，但通过阅读老师的书单学会了很多知识，所以B选项An influential reading list.最适合作为本文的标题。故选B项。
C
“ Humans and machine algorithms (算法) have complementary (互补的) strengths and weaknesses. Each uses different sources of information and strategies to make predictions and decisions, ” said Mark Steyvers, UCI professor of cognitive sciences. “ We show through experiments that humans can improve the predictions of AI even when human accuracy is below that of the AI, and vice versa (反之亦然). This accuracy is higher than combining predictions from two individuals or two AI algorithms. ”
To test the framework, researchers conducted an image classification experiment where human participants and computer algorithms worked separately to correctly identify disorderly pictures of animals and everyday items including chairs, bottles, bicycles and trucks. The human participants ranked their confidence in the accuracy of each image identification as low, medium or high, while the machine classifier generated a continuous score. The results showed large differences in confidence between humans and AI algorithms across images.
“ Human participants were confident that a particular picture contained a chair, for example, while the AI algorithm was confused about the image, ” said Padhraic Smyth, UCI Chancellor’s Professor of computer science. “ Similarly, the AI algorithm was able to confidently provide a label for the object shown, while human participants were unsure if the disorderly picture contained any recognizable object. ”
When predictions and confidence scores from both were combined using the researchers’ new Bayesian framework, the mixed model led to better performance than either human or machine predictions achieved alone.
“ While the past research has demonstrated the benefits of combining machine predictions or combining human predictions, this work shows a new direction in demonstrating the potential of combining human and machine predictions, pointing to new and improved approaches to human-AI cooperation, ” Smyth said.
“ The blend of cognitive science focusing on understanding how humans think and behave and computer science in which technologies are produced will provide further insight into how humans and machines can cooperate to build more accurate artificially intelligent systems, ” the researchers said.
8. Which of the following may the research’s findings agree with?
A. Humans have poor performance in making predictions.
B. Humans and machine algorithms should work together.
C. Machine algorithms have low accuracy in calculation.
D. Machine algorithms failed in the classification experiment.
9. What method did the researchers use during the research?
A. Comparison. B. Assumption. C. Giving examples. D. Analysing reasons.
10. What does the underlined word “ blend ” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Difference. B. Combination. C. Contradiction. D. Advantage.
11. What may be the best title for the text?
A. Humans are confident of their predictions
B. Humans can improve the predictions of AI
C. Develop mixed human- machine model for smarter AI
D. Identify the strengths of humans and machine algorithms
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。通过比较人类和计算机算法对图像识别的可信度实验，来说明人类和计算机有着互相补充的优势和劣势，并提出建议即人类和人工智能要相互合作。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一句“Humans and machine algorithms have complementary strengths and weaknesses.”（人类和机器算法有互补的优势和劣势。）和下文的“humans can improve the predictions of AI even when human accuracy is below that of the AI, and vice versa.”（人类可以提高人工智能的预测，即使人类的准确性低于人工智能，反之亦然。）可知，人类和计算机有着互补的优势和缺点，人类可以提高人工智能的预测，人工智能也可以提高人类的预测，即人类和机器算法应该合作。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“To test the framework, researchers conducted an image classification experiment where human participants and computer algorithms worked separately to correctly identify disorderly pictures of animals and everyday items including chairs, bottles, bicycles and trucks.”（为了测试该框架，研究人员进行了一项图像分类实验，其中人类参与者和计算机算法分别工作，正确识别动物和椅子、瓶子、自行车和卡车等日常物品的无序图片。）和“The results showed large differences in confidence between humans and AI algorithms across images.”（结果显示，人类和人工智能算法在不同图像上的可信度存在很大差异。）可知，研究者在实验过程中是将人类参与者和计算机算法对图像识别实验结果进行比较。选用结果作比较的方法阐述实验。故选A。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文中“how humans and machines can cooperate to build more accurate artificially intelligent systems,”（人类和机器如何合作构建更精确的人工智能系统）的提示，可知要将“cognitive science”（认知科学）和“computer science”（电脑科学）进行结合，才能为未来的人类和机器更好的合作构建精确的人工智能系统；同时根据文章的第一段第一句“Humans and machine algorithms have complementary strengths and weaknesses.”（人类和机器算法有互补的优势和劣势。）可知，要将认知科学和电脑科学进行结合，所以划线词的意思是“结合”。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的第一段第一句“Humans and machine algorithms have complementary strengths and weaknesses.”（人类和机器算法有互补的优势和劣势。），第二、三、四和五段主要讲述通过实验比较并阐述人工和机器在识别图片可信度方面的各自优缺点，以及最后一段中“how humans and machines can cooperate to build more accurate artificially intelligent systems,”（人类和机器合作构建更精确的人工智能系统）可知，要将人工和智能进行合作，开发智能人工智能的人机混合模型。故选C。
D
The story of The emperor’s new clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known works. Cheaters fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fantastic suit. Courtiers (侍臣) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious. How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the CEO, even when other managers have had doubts? The moral is that people are often too restricted by social practice to state their views.
In his new book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive (认知) diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds. It is not just about selecting people for teams from both sexes and various races. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour.
There is another element to selecting a good team: ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected. A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers—maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone of lower rank.
The ability to speak up within an organization, without fear of punishment, is known as “psychological safety”. Mr. Syed cites a study of teams at Google, which found that self-reported psychological safety was by far the most important factor behind successful teamwork at the technology giant.
One way to overcome shyness while brainstorming, for instance, is for everyone to write down their ideas but ensure their names are never known. That way, opinions about thoughts are less closely tied to the status of the thinker and can be tested against each other with less fear or favour.
12. Why is The story of the emperor’s new clothes mentioned?
A. To confirm its popularity. B. To argue for children’s wisdom.
C. To make fun of the adults. D. To indicate the importance of speaking up.
13. Which of the following makes an effective team?
A. People with the same cognitive origin.
B. People with more races and gender.
C. People with various academic backgrounds.
D. People following their leaders unconditionally.
14. Why does a team with a junior manager tend to succeed?
A It encourages members to compete. B. It creates a relaxing atmosphere.
C. It allows members to voice opinions. D. It thinks little of social ranks.
15. What do we know about “psychological safety”?
A. It is a term invented by Mr. Syed. B. It contributes to diversity thinking.
C. It is a secret weapon of the Google. D. It is a project done at the Rotterdam.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章利用“皇帝的新装”这一寓言故事引出论点，且用实验来证明“鼓励各抒己见有利于公司发展”。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“The story of The emperor’s new clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known works. Cheaters fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fantastic suit. Courtiers (侍臣) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious.”(皇帝的新衣故事是安徒生最著名的作品之一。骗子愚弄皇帝，让他相信他们为他做了一件很棒的西装。侍臣不敢说皇帝赤身露体；需要一个孩子来指出显而易见的事情。)和“The moral is that people are often too restricted by social practice to state their views.”(其寓意是，人们往往受制于社会实践，无法表达自己的观点。)可知，作者想运用这则寓言故事来说明“表达自己观点的重要性”。D项“To indicate the importance of speaking up.”(表明说出来的重要性。)符合推断，故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In his new book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive (认知) diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds.”(马修·赛义德在他的新书《反叛的想法：多元化思维的力量》中指出，解决这个问题的关键是认知“多样性”，换言之，是由具有不同观点和知识背景的人组成的团队。)可知，有效的团队需要有具有不同观点和知识背景。C项“People with various academic backgrounds.”(具有不同学术背景的人。)符合原文表述，故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers—maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone of lower rank.”(鹿特丹管理学院对 300 多个项目进行的一项研究发现，由初级管理人员领导的项目比由高级管理人员领导的项目更有可能成功——这可能是因为其他团队成员不太害怕指出初级管理人员的潜在危险。)可知，其成功的原因是其他团队成员不太害怕指出初级管理人员的潜在危险。C项“It allows members to voice opinions.”(它允许成员发表意见。)符合原文表述，故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The ability to speak up within an organization, without fear of punishment, is known as psychological safety.”(在组织内畅所欲言，无需担心受到惩罚的能力被称为“心理安全”。)可知，由于人们无需受到惩罚，则就会更加的畅所欲言，会它有助于多元化思维。B项“It contributes to diversity thinking.”(它有助于多元化思维。)符合推断，故选B项。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
My students frequently ask me how I planned out my career to become president of Fidelity Investments. I always tell them, “There was no grand plan; I backed into my career one step at a time.” In this tough economy and ever-changing world, it is more important than ever to smartly evaluate each step in your career. To prepare for whatever surprises lie ahead, try to make choices today that will maximize your options in the future. ____16____
Gaining transferable (可转移的) knowledge begins with the choices you make at school. You want your education to provide you with the necessary skills and expertise to succeed in a wide variety of jobs. ____17____ I favor those that involve extensive writing, rigorous analysis, or quantitative skills.
Once you have finished your formal education, search for jobs that will allow you to further expand your transferable knowledge—to help you find your next job. Let’s say you take a job putting together airplane leases. Within a few years, you could become the world’s expert on the subject. ____18____ By contrast, if you take a job that will expand your computer programming skills, you can greatly boost your options for later steps in your career.
Remember gaining transferable knowledge is only one piece of the puzzle. ____19____ As a saying goes, “Organizations don’t hire people. People hire people.” The more people you know, the more people will think of you when a job pops open—even when it is not publicly advertised.
Of course, you can build your network to some degree without changing jobs. ____20____ But this sort of event-driven networking pales in comparison with the deep bonds you can develop with your colleagues by working, communicating, and traveling with them.
A. You can make yourself more attractive.
B Gain transferable expertise and form close bonds with your colleagues.
C. Your next step should help you expand your web of personal relationships.
D. This later helped me evaluate and start business units throughout the world.
E. You can attend conferences or participate in committees at trade associations.
F. This means that you need to make smart choices about the courses you will follow.
G. However, this narrow expertise probably won’t help you in any other line of work.
【答案】16. B 17. F 18. G 19. C 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了职业生涯规划的影响技巧。
【16题详解】
根据下文“Gaining transferable (可转移的) knowledge begins with the choices you make at school.(可转让收益知识始于你在学校做出的选择)”推知，上文提到了“transferable (可转移的) knowledge”。B项“ Gain transferable expertise and form close bonds with your colleagues. (获得可转移的专业知识，并与同事建立密切联系)”符合语境，故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“You want your education to provide you with the necessary skills and expertise to succeed in a wide variety of jobs.(你希望你的教育能为你提供必要的技能和专业知识，从而在各种各样的工作中取得成功)”可知，想要教育为你提供必要的技能和专业知识，就意味着对将要学习的专业课程做出明智的选择。F项“This means that you need to make smart choices about the courses you will follow. (这意味着你需要对你将要学习的课程做出明智的选择)”符合语境，故选F。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Let’s say you take a job putting together airplane leases. Within a few years, you could become the world’s expert on the subject.(比方说，你做了一份飞机租赁的工作。几年内，你就可以成为这方面的世界专家)”以及下文“By contrast, if you take a job that will expand your computer programming skills, you can greatly boost your options for later steps in your career.( 相比之下，如果你从事的工作能够提高你的计算机编程技能，你可以极大地提高你职业生涯中后续步骤的选择。)”推知，空处与上文形成转折关系，指出这种领域的工作技能可能在其他行业帮不上忙。选项G“ However, this narrow expertise probably won’t help you in any other line of work. (然而，这种狭隘的专业知识可能在任何其他工作领域都帮不上你)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据下文“As a saying goes, ‘Organizations don’t hire people. People hire people.’(俗话说，‘组织不雇佣人。人们雇佣人。’)”可知，人际关系非常重要，选项C“Your next step should help you expand your web of personal relationships. (你的下一步应该可以帮助你拓展你的人际关系网)”符合题意，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Of course, you can build your network to some degree without changing jobs.(当然，你可以在一定程度上建立你的人际网络，而不必换工作)”说明可以使用其他的方式来建立人际关系网，选项E “You can attend conferences or participate in committees at trade associations. (你可以参加会议或参加贸易协会的委员会)”符合题意，故选E。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完型填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My 7-year-old daughter always has her nose in a book. She even continued reading in the car on the long drive to summer camp where she lost the book. This is the first lost ___21___book in my life. In my childhood, my family had always been expected to be ___22___, but we were poor, and I didn’t own books. I had to borrow books. My library books lived on a ___23___shelf while they were mine, and it ___24___me when I had to return them to the library on the due day.
However, my daughter has more books now than I owned during my whole childhood. So it’s probably my ___25___that she didn’t cherish the books. “Sorry. I can’t find it.” My daughter said with a shrug, “We just pay $ 20 for the book. What’s the big ___26___?” The missing library book just met with a cold ___27___from her, but it met with nail-biting ___28___from me. I walked into the library in a deep ___29___as if I had lost the book.
Feeling the need to make her feel responsible for the book, I asked her to do the chores. She agreed to clean up all the pets’ houses ___30___my paying the library book. I’d meant the chore to be ___31___!
Surprisingly, she was enjoying herself. I took a picture of her lovely back. So, was I winning or losing at ___32___? Did I teach her the ___33___of keeping a library book if the picture I took shows she is working ___34___?
To my ___35___, my little girl knew what matters in her life. She could devote herself to the chores as much as books.
21. A. school B. reference C. story D. library
22. A. powerful B. practical C. academic D. employed
23. A. wasted B. dusty C. present D. specific
24. A. pained B. accompanied C. abandoned D. lost
25. A. work B. reason C. fault D. duty
26. A. worry B. question C. case D. deal
27. A. shoulder B. power C. refusal D. excuse
28. A. impression B. effort C. effect D. concern
29. A. respect B. thought C. shame D. shock
30. A. in need of B. in trade for C. in terms of D. in favor of
31. A. punishment B. recovery C. encouragement D. promise
32. A. studying B. parenting C. arguing D. fighting
33. A. benefit B. method C. commitment D. demand
34. A. seriously B. unwillingly C. professionally D. constantly
35. A. disappointment B. relief C. regret D. sorrow
【答案】21 D 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的记叙文。讲述了作者想起自己小时候买不起书，对图书馆借来的书的珍惜和渴望，而自己的女儿却不在意丢失了图书馆的书。作者通过让女儿做家务的方式惩罚女儿丢书，并希望可以教会她懂得责任和承诺的重要性。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我一生中遗失的第一本书。A. school学校；B. reference参考；C. story故事；D. library图书馆。由上文“ where she lost the book.”可知，女儿借来的书丢了，也算是作者人生中第一次丢书。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我的童年时代，我的家人总是被期望学习，但是我们很穷，我没有自己的书。A.powerful强大的；B. practical实际的；C. academic学术的；D. employed被雇佣的。根据后文“but we were poor, and I didn’t own books (但我们很穷，我没有书)”but表示转折，可知，作者的家人总是被期望学习。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从图书馆借来的书，在属于我的时候，都放在特定的书架上，当我不得不在到期的那一天把书还给图书馆时，我感到很痛苦。A.wasted浪费的；B. dusty有灰尘的；C. present目前的；D. specific特定的。根据本句“My library books (我从图书馆借来的书)”以及“while they were mine (在属于我的时候)”可知，此处特指作者的书放在特定的架子上。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. pained刺痛；B. accompanied陪伴；C. abandoned抛弃；D. lost丢失。根据上句“My library books lived on a ___3___shelf while they were mine,(我从图书馆借来的书，在属于我的时候，都放在特定的书架上)”可知，作者非常喜欢书，因此每次归还书的时候都会让作者感觉痛苦。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不珍惜书籍可能是我的错。A.work工作；B. reason理由；C. fault错误；D. duty义务。根据上句“However, my daughter has more books now than I owned during my whole childhood(然而，我女儿现在拥有的书比我整个童年拥有的书还多)”可知，女儿拥有很多的书却不知道珍惜，作者认为是自己的过错。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这有什么大不了的？A. worry担心；B. question问题；C. case情况；D. deal交易。根据上句“We just pay $ 20 for the book. (我们只花了20美元买这本书)”可知，作者的女儿认为这没有什么大不了的。固定句式：What’s the big deal?“有什么大不了？”故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她对图书馆丢失的那本书不理不睬，但我却对此忧心忡忡。A. shoulder肩膀；B. power力量；C. refusal拒绝；D. excuse借口。根据上文““Sorry. I can’t find it.” My daughter said with a shrug (对不起。我找不到它了。女儿耸耸肩说)”可知，女儿找不到书只是耸了耸肩，故此空对应上文女儿的反应，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. impression印象；B. effort努力；C. effect影响；D. concern关心。根据后句“I walked into the library in a deep ___9___as if I had lost the book.( 我带着深深的羞愧走进图书馆，好像我把书丢了)”可知，图书馆丢失的那本书遭到了女儿的冷漠对待，但却引起了作者的极大关注。对于女儿丢书的不在意，作者却非常关心，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带着深深的羞愧走进图书馆，好像我把书丢了。A. respect尊重；B. thought想法；C. shame羞耻；D. shock震惊。根据后句“as if I had lost the book(好像我把书丢了)”可知，作者非常在意图书馆丢失的书，因此带着仿佛是自己丢失了书的深深的羞愧感走进图书馆，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：她同意把所有宠物的房子都打扫干净，以作为我付图书馆书钱的交换。A.in need of需要；B. in trade for以……换得；Cin terms of依据；D. in favor of支持。根据上句“Feeling the need to make her feel responsible for the book (觉得有必要让她觉得自己对这本书有责任)”以及本句“my paying the library book (作为我付图书馆书钱的交换)”可知，作者让女儿把所有宠物的房子都打扫干净，以作为付图书馆书钱的交换。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为做家务是一种惩罚！A.punishment惩罚；B. recovery恢复；C. encouragement鼓励；D. promise承诺。根据上文“Feeling the need to make her feel responsible for the book (觉得有必要让她觉得自己对这本书有责任)”可知，作者是将做家务作为女儿的惩罚。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，我在养育孩子这件事上到底是赢还是输呢?？A. studying学习；B. parenting父母对子女的养育；C. arguing争执；D. fighting打架。根据上文“She agreed to clean up all the pets’ houses ___10___my paying the library book. (她同意把所有宠物的房子都打扫干净，以作为我付图书馆书钱的交换)”以及上文“Surprisingly, she was enjoying herself.(令人惊讶的是，她做家务很开心)”可知，作者本想惩罚女儿做家务，结果发现女儿还很喜欢做家务。因此作者反问自己在育儿上到底是赢了还是输了。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我拍的照片显示她在认真地工作，我教会了她承担义务，保存图书馆书籍了吗？A. benefit 利益；B. method方法；C. commitment承诺；承担义务；D. demand要求。根据上文“Feeling the need to make her feel responsible for the book (觉得有必要让她觉得自己对这本书有责任)”可知，作者想要教会女儿承担责任义务。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.seriously认真地；B. unwillingly不愿意地；C. professionally专业地；D. constantly持续地。由上文“Surprisingly, she was enjoying herself.(令人惊讶的是，她做家务很开心)”可知女儿喜欢做家务，做得很认真。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我欣慰的是，我的小女儿知道什么是她生命中最重要的。A. disappointment失望；B. relief 安慰；C. regret后悔；D. sorrow悲伤。根据下文“my little girl knew what matters in her life. (我的小女儿知道什么是她生命中最重要的)”可知，女儿已经认识到生活中重要的事情，很让作者安慰。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Bigger isn’t always better. Just look at smartphones and personal computers. It is the continual shrinkage (缩小) of components that have caused the explosion of computing power and enabled these gadgets to be ____36____ (access) to people.
Inspired by this, researchers and scientists have been working on areas ____37____ making things small may mean big results. And this year, the Nobel Prize has broken the tradition of celebrating big by presenting the biggest prizes ____38____ discoveries on the smallest scales.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ____39____ (award) to a cellular-level experiment. The committee gave the award to Yoshinori Ohsumi of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, for his research on “autophagy”, ____40____ “self-eating” process seen in cells.
What’s more, in ____41____ (recognize) of their working on the strange properties of matter in extreme states and ____42____ (take) their research all the way down to an atomic scale, the Nobel Prize for physics went to three British-born scientists who currently work in the U.S.
Another exceptional new field is ____43____ of nano-technology. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to a scientist who managed to build the world’s tiniest machines out of molecules. Small as the subjects are, the benefits of the scientists’ research are set to be huge. More ____44____ (important), their invention may even eventually be turned into products that benefit mankind.
The ground-breaking discoveries in physics, “have started a firestorm of research, and it will only be less than a generation _____45_____ their research leads to advances as unimaginable to us now as lasers and computer chips were a hundred years ago,” Laura H. Greene, president-elect of the American Physical Society told The New York Times.
【答案】36. accessible
37. where 38. to
39. was awarded
40. a 41. recognition
42. taking 43. that
44. importantly
45. before
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章告诉我们大的并不一定就是好的，受此启发，研究人员和科学家一直在研究一些领域，把事情做得小可能意味着大结果，因而今年的诺贝尔奖也打破了传统，将最高奖项颁给了规模最小的发现。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：正是组件的不断缩小导致了计算能力的爆炸式增长，并使这些小工具能够为人们所用。结合句意及空前的to be以及空后的介词to可知应填形容词形式accessible，短语be accessible to意为“容易接近的，容易进入的”。故填accessible。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：受此启发，研究人员和科学家一直在研究一些领域，把事情做得小可能意味着大结果。结合句意空处所在句子为定语从句，先行词为areas，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：今年，诺贝尔奖打破了传统，将最高奖项颁给了规模最小的发现。结合句意空处应填介词to，present…to…意为“赠送；授予”，固定搭配。故填to。
【39题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意；诺贝尔生理学或医学奖颁发给了一个细胞水平的实验。分析句子结构可知空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，且主语The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine与动词award之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was awarded。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：委员会将该奖项颁给了东京工业大学的Yoshinori Ohsumi，以表彰他对细胞中一种“自噬”过程的研究。结合句意及空后的名词process可知此处表示“一种过程”，表示泛指，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：更重要的是，为了表彰他们在极端状态下研究物质的奇怪性质，并将他们的研究一直延伸到原子尺度，诺贝尔物理学奖授予了三位目前在美国工作的英国出生的科学家。结合句意及空前的介词in和空后的介词of可知应填名词形式recognition，作宾语。in recognition of 意为“承认……而；为酬谢”，固定搭配。故填recognition。
【42题详解】
考查动名词。句意：更重要的是，为了表彰他们在极端状态下研究物质的奇怪性质，并将他们的研究一直延伸到原子尺度，诺贝尔物理学奖授予了三位目前在美国工作的英国出生的科学家。结合句意及空前的并列连词and以及前文的working可知应填动名词形式taking，作宾语。故填taking。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：另一个特殊的新领域是纳米技术。结合句意空处应填替代词that，that所替代的词可以是可数的，也可以是不可数的，此时的that相当于the+名词，此处相当于the field。故填that。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：更重要的是，他们的发明甚至可能最终转化为造福人类的产品。结合句意空处应填副词形式importantly，作整个句子的状语。故填importantly。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：物理学上的这些突破性发现，“已经掀起了一场研究风暴，在不到一代人的时间里，他们的研究就会带来我们现在无法想象的进步，就像一百年前的激光和计算机芯片一样。”美国物理学会当选主席Laura H. Greene告诉《纽约时报》。结合句意空处应填连词，依据空前的it will be less than a generation可知应填时间状语从句的引导词before，it will be +时间段+before…固定句型，意为“要过多久才会……”，故填before。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom给你发来了一封电子邮件，说他打算到天津留学，并请你提供一些关于汉语学习的建议。请给Tom回一封邮件，内容包括：
1.提出建议；
2.表达祝愿。
注意：1.词数80左右;2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
Happy to learn that you are coming to Tianjin to study, I’m writing to give you some advice about how to learn Chinese well.
First, you should keep listening to Chinese news and watch some Chinese movies, which will make listening easier. Second, it is necessary that you should read as many Chinese books as possible, which can also help with your written Chinese. Last but not least, get more chances to speak Chinese to improve your spoken Chinese.
Hopefully, my advice will be of benefit to you. Wish you make great progress in Chinese!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你的笔友Tom即将来天津留学，需要请你提供一些汉语学习的建议。要求考生在信件中提出合理建议并表达美好祝愿。
【详解】1.词汇积累建议:
建议：advice→suggestion
提高：improve→enhance
必要的：necessary →essential
有益的：be of benefit→beneficial
2.句式拓展简单句变复合句
原句：Last but not least, get more chances to speak Chinese to improve your spoken Chinese.
拓展句：Last but not least, you should get more chances to speak Chinese,which can improve your spoken Chinese.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Happy to learn that you are coming to Tianjin to study, I’m writing to give you some advice about how to learn Chinese well.(运用了that和how引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Second, it is necessary that you should read as many Chinese books as possible, which can also help with your written Chinese. (运用了虚拟语气，it作形式主语，that引导主语从句以及which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使其构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
By morning, Afiq knew what he had to do. He had not slept a wink but had sat in the balcony all night thinking. He stretched his body and went back to his room. His brother Affin was still asleep.
It was Saturday and there was no school. Afiq's mother asked him to buy some groceries for her. On his way out, he glanced at his motorcycle with the broken front lamp and scratches on the side. Afiq straightened his shoulders and went to complete his purchase.
It was late morning when Afiq was free to carry out his plan. He marched down the road to Osman's house. When he arrived, Aniya appeared at the doorway and greeted him warmly. She invited him in and served him tea and some cakes. Afiq nervously asked to speak to Osman. She told him that her father was out but would be home very soon. Sure enough, the elderly man returned in ten minutes.
Afiq cleared his throat a few times and said that he had come to confess (坦白). “I'm so sorry. I was careless yesterday and knocked into your parked car,” Afiq said. Osman looked at the 17-year-old youth, surprised, “So, you are saying that you are the culprit (肇事者) who crashed into my car and then ran away?” Afiq went red. He nodded, “I'm sorry for not telling you earlier. I was too frightened.”
The elderly man smiled and said, “But you're not too frightened to confess now?”
Afiq said uncertainly, “I could not sleep last night thinking about it. I knew I had to do the right thing.”
Osman was silent for a minute before saying in a kind voice, “Do you think it a right thing to cover up for your brother?”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右。
2. 请按下列格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Afiq went pale, “I... I…you know the truth?”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Afiq thanked Osman for his kindness and then set off home happily.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Afiq went pale, “I... I…you know the truth?” “Of course,I’ve known the truth.”Osman said, “You didn’t realize that there is a camera in my car which can record all the process.So I know it clearly.I saw how Affin crashed into my car and ran away.I know it was Affin not you that caused the accident.”Hearing that,Afiq felt embarrassed very much. “I’m sorry，Mr.Osman. But would you please forgive Affin,Mr.Osman?” “Yes,I’ll.Acturally, your brother left a message and a handful of change to pay for the loss.I guess it’s all his pocket money.But I still want to thank you ,good guys.”
Afiq thanked Osman for his kindness and then set off home happily.When he arrived at the front door, he saw his brother Affin waiting for him,which made him ashamed. “Where have you been,Afiq?” “Well,I…”At that time, Affin laughed out.He said: “I have got the news that you went to Mr.Osman.Thanks for all that you have done for me.” “But I’m so sorry to have thought you got away from it…”Suddenly Affin gave him a warm hug and smiled.
【解析】
【分析】本文是以人物为线索展开，讲述了主人公Afiq误以为他的哥哥Affin撞到别人的车没有负责，就在挣扎了一晚上之后，决定替哥哥去承担，但是车主却已经知道真相的故事。
【详解】段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“我…我…你知道真相？”可知，第一段可描写Osman 先生是怎么样知道事情的真相的
②由第二段首句内容“Afiq感谢了Osman先生之后高高兴兴地回家了”可知，第二段可描写Afiq回家之后和哥哥Affin的坦白。
续写线索：尴尬→道歉→获得原谅→回家→兄弟俩解除误会
词汇激活
行为类
①撞上：crash into/hit/run inti
②回家：set off home/go back home/return home
情绪类
①感到尴尬：felt embarrassed/ made him ashamed /be sorry
②感谢：thank sb./ Thanks/be grateful to sb.
【点睛】【高分句型1】You didn’t realize that there is a camera in my car which can record all the process.（由that引导的宾语从句和which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】I know it was Affin not you that caused the accident.（know后面是省略连词that引导的宾语从句和that引导的强调句型）
【高分句型3】When he arrived at the front door, he saw his brother Affin waiting for him,which made him ashamed.（由when引导的时间状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
听力答案：1-5 CBCAB 6- 10 ACABC 11- 15 ABCBB 16-20 CBAAC
东北育才学校2022-2023学年度高考适应性测试(一)
英语试题
满分：150分 时间：120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where is the woman’s hotel room?
A. Opposite the beach. B. Next to the garden. C. Across from the pool.
2. What do we know about the man?
A. He owns a clothing store.
B. His wife often buys him ties.
C. He often goes shopping with his wife.
3. What will the speakers do next?
A. Place an order. B. Continue packing. C. Stop working.
4. Why did the man stop halfway during the trip?
A. To change drivers. B. To start a new car. C. To repair the air conditioning.
5. What does the man mean?
A. He has a headache. B. He agrees with the woman. C. He tries hard to find a house.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the man’s opinion on classical music?
A. It is boring. B. It is gentle. C. It is outstanding.
7. What does the woman say about The Beatles?
A. They think a lot about life. B. They make her feel secure. C. They are excellent.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What are the speakers discussing?
A. A meeting schedule. B. Some lectures. C. A presentation.
9. How long will the woman’s lecture last?
A. For 60 minutes. B. For 90 minutes. C. For 105 minutes.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What might be the relationship between the speakers?
A. Neighbors. B. Teacher and student. C. Classmates.
11. What concerns the man?
A. He might disturb his mother.
B. He may lose the competition.
C. He can’t find a piece of suitable music.
12. How will the woman help the man?
A. By introducing him to a musician.
B. By finding him a place to practise.
C. By playing the piano with him.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the man doing?
A. Interviewing the woman. B. Planning for next term. C. Looking for a part-time job.
14. Which place is in need of cleaners?
A. A middle school. B. A business building. C. A market.
15. What does the man think of the job in the Centre Zoo?
A. The working hours are long.
B. The pay is good.
C. The task is challenging.
16. What does the man plan to do next term?
A. Work part-time. B. Become a guide in a zoo. C. Focus on his schoolwork.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What kind of reasons does the speaker suggest smokers list?
A. Factual reasons. B. Specific reasons. C. Future-based reasons.
18. What is the most important for people to quit smoking?
A. Their belief. B. Their energy. C. Their courage.
19. What advice does the speaker give smokers on quitting smoking?
A. Reward themselves with the money saved.
B. Give themselves rewards once a week.
C. Save the money for a birthday gift.
20. What day does the speaker advise listeners to choose as a quit date?
A. One’s birthday. B. New Year’s Day. C. Every Monday.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) is one of the most popular of the Post-Impressionist painters. He is famed for the great vitality of his works which are characterized by expressive and emotive use of brilliant color and energetic application of impastoed (厚原料的) paint.
Below are some famous pictures painted by Vincent and the poetic lyrics(歌词) to Don McLean’s hit song Vincent (Starry, Starry Night) in the famous cartoon film 《Loving Vincent》 .
Vincent
Starry, starry night,
Paint your palette(画板) blue and grey,
Look out on a summer’s day,
With eyes that know the darkness in my soul.
Shadows on the hills,
Sketch the trees and the daffodils,
Catch the breeze and the winter chill,
In colors on the snowy linen land.
Now I understand
What you tried to say to me
How you suffered for your sanity(精神正常)
How you tied to set them free.
They would not listen
They did not know how
Perhaps they'll listen now.
Starry, starry night.
Flaming flowers that brightly blaze,
Swirling clouds in violet haze(阴霾,疑惑),
Reflect in Vincent’s eyes of china blue.
Colors changing hue,
morning. field of amber(黄色的) grain,
Weathered faces lined in pain,
Are soothed(抚慰) beneath the artist’s loving hand.
For they could not love you,
But still your love was true.
And when no hope was left in sight
On that starry, starry night,
You took your life, as lovers often do.
But I could have told you, Vincent,
This world was never meant for one
As beautiful as you.
Now I think I know what you tried to say to me,
How you suffered for your sanity,
How you tried to set them free.
They would not listen,
They're not listening sill
Perhaps they never will…
the sunflowers
Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear
the Yellow House
Starry Night
Head of a Peasant Woman
The Potato Eaters
1 What attitude does the writer of the song have towards Van Gogh?
A. Prejudiced and changeable. B. Admiring and understanding.
C. Doubtful but respectful. D. Positive but contradictory.
2. According to the song, Van Gogh was__________.
A. good at drawing on starry nights B. murdered by one of his lovers
C. a person full of love and beauty D. popular with people when be was alive
3. Which of the following belong to the four famous pictures of Van Gogh’s mentioned in the underlined parts in 4th paragraph?
A. The sunflowers, the Potato Eaters
B. Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear, Head of a Peasant Woman
C. the Potato Eaters, the Yellow House
D. Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear, Wheat Field with Crows
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章作者带着读者在诗意的歌词中，欣赏梵高的一些著名画作。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据歌词第一段中的“Look out on a summer’s day,With eyes that know the darkness in my soul.”（在某个夏日里向外张望的，不正是你那能看透我灵魂的双眼）以及第三段中的“Now I understand. What you tried to say to me.”（此时我终于明白，你想对我倾诉些什么）可知，这首歌的词作者对梵高是钦佩和理解的，故B项正确。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据歌词第五段中的“For they could not love you, But still your love was true.”可知，虽然他们不曾爱你，但你依然真挚地爱着他们，再根据“This world was never meant for oneAs beautiful as you.”可知，世界上再无你这般的美好，由此可知，这首歌的词作者认为梵高是一个充满爱和美好的人，故C项正确。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据歌词第四段中的“Flaming flowers that brightly blaze,Swirling clouds in violet haze”可知，绚烂如火怒放的花朵，紫罗兰色迷雾中旋转的云团，这句中绚烂如火的花朵对应的是梵高的名作《向日葵》，再根据“morning. field of amber(黄色的) grain,Weathered faces lined in pain”可知，清晨琥珀色的稻田，苍老的脸庞镌刻着痛苦的皱纹，这句中苍老的脸庞对应的是他的名作《吃土豆的人》，故A项正确。
B
Steph Clemence always intended to go to college. She had good grades and considered herself college bound. But life has a tendency to throw obstacles in the way. When her father died tragically in a car accident, leaving her mother to support three daughters on a modest income, paying for college became out of the question.
Around that time, Steph tried to figure out what to do with a life that had differed so much from the plan she’d carefully laid out. The answer came one afternoon when she found a list from the English teacher she’d had in her junior year, Dorothy Clark. One afternoon, Mrs. Clark walked into the classroom carrying a pile of papers. She instructed each students to take one. The handout was titled Mrs. Clark’s Book List. “It wasn’t homework,” the teacher announced, “but it could be a road map. Some of you might not go on to higher education, but you can continue to learn.” It would, she believed, form the equivalent of two years at a liberal arts college.
“She knew the income levels of the kids in my high school,” says Steph. “Working-class and logging families. She knew most of us would not go to college. But she knew we could continue to learn after high school. She was right about that.” Steph studied the list. Each of those books sparked her passion to learn more, which made her look for other books that weren’t on the list, hoping to deepen her knowledge. Over the years, the reading list was a constant in her life, traveling with her even on vacations.
Now Steph is 70 and she never did get to college. But she has only four books left to read from the list. She expects to complete them sometime in 2023. “Each of the books has added something to who I am and how I see the world.” she says, “I now have gained an insight to see why things happened and what it might mean.”
4. What prevented Steph going to college?
A. Her bad grades. B. Her lack of financial support.
C. Her low income. D. Her tragic accident.
5. Why did Mrs. Clark create the book list?
A. To prepare students for college.
B. To serve as a reading task for students.
C. To share her favorite books with students.
D. To encourage students to continue learning.
6. How does Steph feel about the book list now?
A. Regretful. B. Moved. C. Satisfied. D. Determined.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. A good reading habit. B. An influential reading list.
C. An impressive English teacher. D. A memorable experience in high school.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了Steph Clemence成绩很好，一直认为自会上大学。但她的父亲在一场车祸中不幸去世，母亲要艰难的抚养三个孩子，她的大学学费变得不可能。但她的英语老师的书单给了她帮助：即使不上大学，也可以通过阅读获取更多的知识。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“When her father died tragically in a car accident, leaving her mother to support three daughters on a modest income, paying for college became out of the question. （当她的父亲在一场车祸中不幸去世，留下母亲靠微薄的收入养活三个女儿时，支付大学费用变得不可能。）”可知，爸爸的突然去世，使得妈妈养家的负担过重，无法承担她的大学学费。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The handout was titled Mrs. Clark’s Book List. “It wasn’t homework,” the teacher announced, “but it could be a road map. Some of you might not go on to higher education, but you can continue to learn.” It would, she believed, form the equivalent of two years at a liberal arts college. （这本讲义的标题是克拉克夫人的书单。“这不是家庭作业，”老师宣布，“但它可能是一张路线图。你们中的一些人可能不会继续接受高等教育，但你可以继续学习。”她认为，这相当于在文理学院的两年时间。）”可知，Mrs. Clark创建书单的目的是鼓励那些不能上大学的孩子们继续通过阅读学习。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Steph studied the list. Each of those books sparked her passion to learn more, which made her look for other books that weren’t on the list, hoping to deepen her knowledge. Over the years, the reading list was a constant in her life, traveling with her even on vacations. （斯蒂芬研究了这份清单。这些书中的每一本书都激发了她学习更多知识的热情，这让她寻找其他不在清单上的书，希望加深她的知识。多年来，阅读清单一直是她生活中的常客，甚至在度假时也和她一起旅行。）”和最后一段““Each of the books has added something to who I am and how I see the world.” she says, “I now have gained an insight to see why things happened and what it might mean.”（“每一本书都为我是谁以及我如何看待世界增添了一些东西，”她说，“我现在有了深刻的洞察力，明白了事情为什么会发生，以及它可能意味着什么。）”可知，书单上的书给她带来许多知识和启示，虽然未能上大学，但通过阅读有了深刻的洞察力，即：她对这份书单很满意。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Around that time, Steph tried to figure out what to do with a life that had differed so much from the plan she’d carefully laid out. The answer came one afternoon when she found a list from the English teacher she’d had in her junior year, Dorothy Clark. （大约在那个时候，斯蒂芬试图弄清楚如何处理与她精心制定的计划大相径庭的生活。一天下午，当她从高三时的英语老师多萝西·克拉克那里找到了一份名单时，答案就来了。）”和第三段“Steph studied the list. Each of those books sparked her passion to learn more, which made her look for other books that weren’t on the list, hoping to deepen her knowledge. Over the years, the reading list was a constant in her life, traveling with her even on vacations. （斯蒂芬研究了这份清单。这些书中的每一本书都激发了她学习更多知识的热情，这让她寻找其他不在清单上的书，希望加深她的知识。多年来，阅读清单一直是她生活中的常客，甚至在度假时也和她一起旅行。）”可知，文章主要讲述的是作者在英语老师萝西·克拉克的书单的帮助下，即使没能上大学，但通过阅读老师的书单学会了很多知识，所以B选项An influential reading list.最适合作为本文的标题。故选B项。
C
“ Humans and machine algorithms (算法) have complementary (互补的) strengths and weaknesses. Each uses different sources of information and strategies to make predictions and decisions, ” said Mark Steyvers, UCI professor of cognitive sciences. “ We show through experiments that humans can improve the predictions of AI even when human accuracy is below that of the AI, and vice versa (反之亦然). This accuracy is higher than combining predictions from two individuals or two AI algorithms. ”
To test the framework, researchers conducted an image classification experiment where human participants and computer algorithms worked separately to correctly identify disorderly pictures of animals and everyday items including chairs, bottles, bicycles and trucks. The human participants ranked their confidence in the accuracy of each image identification as low, medium or high, while the machine classifier generated a continuous score. The results showed large differences in confidence between humans and AI algorithms across images.
“ Human participants were confident that a particular picture contained a chair, for example, while the AI algorithm was confused about the image, ” said Padhraic Smyth, UCI Chancellor’s Professor of computer science. “ Similarly, the AI algorithm was able to confidently provide a label for the object shown, while human participants were unsure if the disorderly picture contained any recognizable object. ”
When predictions and confidence scores from both were combined using the researchers’ new Bayesian framework, the mixed model led to better performance than either human or machine predictions achieved alone.
“ While the past research has demonstrated the benefits of combining machine predictions or combining human predictions, this work shows a new direction in demonstrating the potential of combining human and machine predictions, pointing to new and improved approaches to human-AI cooperation, ” Smyth said.
“ The blend of cognitive science focusing on understanding how humans think and behave and computer science in which technologies are produced will provide further insight into how humans and machines can cooperate to build more accurate artificially intelligent systems, ” the researchers said.
8. Which of the following may the research’s findings agree with?
A. Humans have poor performance in making predictions.
B. Humans and machine algorithms should work together.
C. Machine algorithms have low accuracy in calculation.
D. Machine algorithms failed in the classification experiment.
9. What method did the researchers use during the research?
A. Comparison. B. Assumption. C. Giving examples. D. Analysing reasons.
10. What does the underlined word “ blend ” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Difference. B. Combination. C. Contradiction. D. Advantage.
11. What may be the best title for the text?
A. Humans are confident of their predictions
B. Humans can improve the predictions of AI
C. Develop mixed human- machine model for smarter AI
D. Identify the strengths of humans and machine algorithms
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。通过比较人类和计算机算法对图像识别的可信度实验，来说明人类和计算机有着互相补充的优势和劣势，并提出建议即人类和人工智能要相互合作。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一句“Humans and machine algorithms have complementary strengths and weaknesses.”（人类和机器算法有互补的优势和劣势。）和下文的“humans can improve the predictions of AI even when human accuracy is below that of the AI, and vice versa.”（人类可以提高人工智能的预测，即使人类的准确性低于人工智能，反之亦然。）可知，人类和计算机有着互补的优势和缺点，人类可以提高人工智能的预测，人工智能也可以提高人类的预测，即人类和机器算法应该合作。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“To test the framework, researchers conducted an image classification experiment where human participants and computer algorithms worked separately to correctly identify disorderly pictures of animals and everyday items including chairs, bottles, bicycles and trucks.”（为了测试该框架，研究人员进行了一项图像分类实验，其中人类参与者和计算机算法分别工作，正确识别动物和椅子、瓶子、自行车和卡车等日常物品的无序图片。）和“The results showed large differences in confidence between humans and AI algorithms across images.”（结果显示，人类和人工智能算法在不同图像上的可信度存在很大差异。）可知，研究者在实验过程中是将人类参与者和计算机算法对图像识别实验结果进行比较。选用结果作比较的方法阐述实验。故选A。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文中“how humans and machines can cooperate to build more accurate artificially intelligent systems,”（人类和机器如何合作构建更精确的人工智能系统）的提示，可知要将“cognitive science”（认知科学）和“computer science”（电脑科学）进行结合，才能为未来的人类和机器更好的合作构建精确的人工智能系统；同时根据文章的第一段第一句“Humans and machine algorithms have complementary strengths and weaknesses.”（人类和机器算法有互补的优势和劣势。）可知，要将认知科学和电脑科学进行结合，所以划线词的意思是“结合”。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的第一段第一句“Humans and machine algorithms have complementary strengths and weaknesses.”（人类和机器算法有互补的优势和劣势。），第二、三、四和五段主要讲述通过实验比较并阐述人工和机器在识别图片可信度方面的各自优缺点，以及最后一段中“how humans and machines can cooperate to build more accurate artificially intelligent systems,”（人类和机器合作构建更精确的人工智能系统）可知，要将人工和智能进行合作，开发智能人工智能的人机混合模型。故选C。
D
The story of The emperor’s new clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known works. Cheaters fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fantastic suit. Courtiers (侍臣) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious. How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the CEO, even when other managers have had doubts? The moral is that people are often too restricted by social practice to state their views.
In his new book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive (认知) diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds. It is not just about selecting people for teams from both sexes and various races. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour.
There is another element to selecting a good team: ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected. A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers—maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone of lower rank.
The ability to speak up within an organization, without fear of punishment, is known as “psychological safety”. Mr. Syed cites a study of teams at Google, which found that self-reported psychological safety was by far the most important factor behind successful teamwork at the technology giant.
One way to overcome shyness while brainstorming, for instance, is for everyone to write down their ideas but ensure their names are never known. That way, opinions about thoughts are less closely tied to the status of the thinker and can be tested against each other with less fear or favour.
12. Why is The story of the emperor’s new clothes mentioned?
A. To confirm its popularity. B. To argue for children’s wisdom.
C. To make fun of the adults. D. To indicate the importance of speaking up.
13. Which of the following makes an effective team?
A. People with the same cognitive origin.
B. People with more races and gender.
C. People with various academic backgrounds.
D. People following their leaders unconditionally.
14. Why does a team with a junior manager tend to succeed?
A It encourages members to compete. B. It creates a relaxing atmosphere.
C. It allows members to voice opinions. D. It thinks little of social ranks.
15. What do we know about “psychological safety”?
A. It is a term invented by Mr. Syed. B. It contributes to diversity thinking.
C. It is a secret weapon of the Google. D. It is a project done at the Rotterdam.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章利用“皇帝的新装”这一寓言故事引出论点，且用实验来证明“鼓励各抒己见有利于公司发展”。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“The story of The emperor’s new clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known works. Cheaters fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fantastic suit. Courtiers (侍臣) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious.”(皇帝的新衣故事是安徒生最著名的作品之一。骗子愚弄皇帝，让他相信他们为他做了一件很棒的西装。侍臣不敢说皇帝赤身露体；需要一个孩子来指出显而易见的事情。)和“The moral is that people are often too restricted by social practice to state their views.”(其寓意是，人们往往受制于社会实践，无法表达自己的观点。)可知，作者想运用这则寓言故事来说明“表达自己观点的重要性”。D项“To indicate the importance of speaking up.”(表明说出来的重要性。)符合推断，故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In his new book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive (认知) diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds.”(马修·赛义德在他的新书《反叛的想法：多元化思维的力量》中指出，解决这个问题的关键是认知“多样性”，换言之，是由具有不同观点和知识背景的人组成的团队。)可知，有效的团队需要有具有不同观点和知识背景。C项“People with various academic backgrounds.”(具有不同学术背景的人。)符合原文表述，故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers—maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone of lower rank.”(鹿特丹管理学院对 300 多个项目进行的一项研究发现，由初级管理人员领导的项目比由高级管理人员领导的项目更有可能成功——这可能是因为其他团队成员不太害怕指出初级管理人员的潜在危险。)可知，其成功的原因是其他团队成员不太害怕指出初级管理人员的潜在危险。C项“It allows members to voice opinions.”(它允许成员发表意见。)符合原文表述，故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The ability to speak up within an organization, without fear of punishment, is known as psychological safety.”(在组织内畅所欲言，无需担心受到惩罚的能力被称为“心理安全”。)可知，由于人们无需受到惩罚，则就会更加的畅所欲言，会它有助于多元化思维。B项“It contributes to diversity thinking.”(它有助于多元化思维。)符合推断，故选B项。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
My students frequently ask me how I planned out my career to become president of Fidelity Investments. I always tell them, “There was no grand plan; I backed into my career one step at a time.” In this tough economy and ever-changing world, it is more important than ever to smartly evaluate each step in your career. To prepare for whatever surprises lie ahead, try to make choices today that will maximize your options in the future. ____16____
Gaining transferable (可转移的) knowledge begins with the choices you make at school. You want your education to provide you with the necessary skills and expertise to succeed in a wide variety of jobs. ____17____ I favor those that involve extensive writing, rigorous analysis, or quantitative skills.
Once you have finished your formal education, search for jobs that will allow you to further expand your transferable knowledge—to help you find your next job. Let’s say you take a job putting together airplane leases. Within a few years, you could become the world’s expert on the subject. ____18____ By contrast, if you take a job that will expand your computer programming skills, you can greatly boost your options for later steps in your career.
Remember gaining transferable knowledge is only one piece of the puzzle. ____19____ As a saying goes, “Organizations don’t hire people. People hire people.” The more people you know, the more people will think of you when a job pops open—even when it is not publicly advertised.
Of course, you can build your network to some degree without changing jobs. ____20____ But this sort of event-driven networking pales in comparison with the deep bonds you can develop with your colleagues by working, communicating, and traveling with them.
A. You can make yourself more attractive.
B Gain transferable expertise and form close bonds with your colleagues.
C. Your next step should help you expand your web of personal relationships.
D. This later helped me evaluate and start business units throughout the world.
E. You can attend conferences or participate in committees at trade associations.
F. This means that you need to make smart choices about the courses you will follow.
G. However, this narrow expertise probably won’t help you in any other line of work.
【答案】16. B 17. F 18. G 19. C 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了职业生涯规划的影响技巧。
【16题详解】
根据下文“Gaining transferable (可转移的) knowledge begins with the choices you make at school.(可转让收益知识始于你在学校做出的选择)”推知，上文提到了“transferable (可转移的) knowledge”。B项“ Gain transferable expertise and form close bonds with your colleagues. (获得可转移的专业知识，并与同事建立密切联系)”符合语境，故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“You want your education to provide you with the necessary skills and expertise to succeed in a wide variety of jobs.(你希望你的教育能为你提供必要的技能和专业知识，从而在各种各样的工作中取得成功)”可知，想要教育为你提供必要的技能和专业知识，就意味着对将要学习的专业课程做出明智的选择。F项“This means that you need to make smart choices about the courses you will follow. (这意味着你需要对你将要学习的课程做出明智的选择)”符合语境，故选F。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Let’s say you take a job putting together airplane leases. Within a few years, you could become the world’s expert on the subject.(比方说，你做了一份飞机租赁的工作。几年内，你就可以成为这方面的世界专家)”以及下文“By contrast, if you take a job that will expand your computer programming skills, you can greatly boost your options for later steps in your career.( 相比之下，如果你从事的工作能够提高你的计算机编程技能，你可以极大地提高你职业生涯中后续步骤的选择。)”推知，空处与上文形成转折关系，指出这种领域的工作技能可能在其他行业帮不上忙。选项G“ However, this narrow expertise probably won’t help you in any other line of work. (然而，这种狭隘的专业知识可能在任何其他工作领域都帮不上你)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据下文“As a saying goes, ‘Organizations don’t hire people. People hire people.’(俗话说，‘组织不雇佣人。人们雇佣人。’)”可知，人际关系非常重要，选项C“Your next step should help you expand your web of personal relationships. (你的下一步应该可以帮助你拓展你的人际关系网)”符合题意，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Of course, you can build your network to some degree without changing jobs.(当然，你可以在一定程度上建立你的人际网络，而不必换工作)”说明可以使用其他的方式来建立人际关系网，选项E “You can attend conferences or participate in committees at trade associations. (你可以参加会议或参加贸易协会的委员会)”符合题意，故选E。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完型填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My 7-year-old daughter always has her nose in a book. She even continued reading in the car on the long drive to summer camp where she lost the book. This is the first lost ___21___book in my life. In my childhood, my family had always been expected to be ___22___, but we were poor, and I didn’t own books. I had to borrow books. My library books lived on a ___23___shelf while they were mine, and it ___24___me when I had to return them to the library on the due day.
However, my daughter has more books now than I owned during my whole childhood. So it’s probably my ___25___that she didn’t cherish the books. “Sorry. I can’t find it.” My daughter said with a shrug, “We just pay $ 20 for the book. What’s the big ___26___?” The missing library book just met with a cold ___27___from her, but it met with nail-biting ___28___from me. I walked into the library in a deep ___29___as if I had lost the book.
Feeling the need to make her feel responsible for the book, I asked her to do the chores. She agreed to clean up all the pets’ houses ___30___my paying the library book. I’d meant the chore to be ___31___!
Surprisingly, she was enjoying herself. I took a picture of her lovely back. So, was I winning or losing at ___32___? Did I teach her the ___33___of keeping a library book if the picture I took shows she is working ___34___?
To my ___35___, my little girl knew what matters in her life. She could devote herself to the chores as much as books.
21. A. school B. reference C. story D. library
22. A. powerful B. practical C. academic D. employed
23. A. wasted B. dusty C. present D. specific
24. A. pained B. accompanied C. abandoned D. lost
25. A. work B. reason C. fault D. duty
26. A. worry B. question C. case D. deal
27. A. shoulder B. power C. refusal D. excuse
28. A. impression B. effort C. effect D. concern
29. A. respect B. thought C. shame D. shock
30. A. in need of B. in trade for C. in terms of D. in favor of
31. A. punishment B. recovery C. encouragement D. promise
32. A. studying B. parenting C. arguing D. fighting
33. A. benefit B. method C. commitment D. demand
34. A. seriously B. unwillingly C. professionally D. constantly
35. A. disappointment B. relief C. regret D. sorrow
【答案】21 D 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的记叙文。讲述了作者想起自己小时候买不起书，对图书馆借来的书的珍惜和渴望，而自己的女儿却不在意丢失了图书馆的书。作者通过让女儿做家务的方式惩罚女儿丢书，并希望可以教会她懂得责任和承诺的重要性。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我一生中遗失的第一本书。A. school学校；B. reference参考；C. story故事；D. library图书馆。由上文“ where she lost the book.”可知，女儿借来的书丢了，也算是作者人生中第一次丢书。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我的童年时代，我的家人总是被期望学习，但是我们很穷，我没有自己的书。A.powerful强大的；B. practical实际的；C. academic学术的；D. employed被雇佣的。根据后文“but we were poor, and I didn’t own books (但我们很穷，我没有书)”but表示转折，可知，作者的家人总是被期望学习。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从图书馆借来的书，在属于我的时候，都放在特定的书架上，当我不得不在到期的那一天把书还给图书馆时，我感到很痛苦。A.wasted浪费的；B. dusty有灰尘的；C. present目前的；D. specific特定的。根据本句“My library books (我从图书馆借来的书)”以及“while they were mine (在属于我的时候)”可知，此处特指作者的书放在特定的架子上。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. pained刺痛；B. accompanied陪伴；C. abandoned抛弃；D. lost丢失。根据上句“My library books lived on a ___3___shelf while they were mine,(我从图书馆借来的书，在属于我的时候，都放在特定的书架上)”可知，作者非常喜欢书，因此每次归还书的时候都会让作者感觉痛苦。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不珍惜书籍可能是我的错。A.work工作；B. reason理由；C. fault错误；D. duty义务。根据上句“However, my daughter has more books now than I owned during my whole childhood(然而，我女儿现在拥有的书比我整个童年拥有的书还多)”可知，女儿拥有很多的书却不知道珍惜，作者认为是自己的过错。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这有什么大不了的？A. worry担心；B. question问题；C. case情况；D. deal交易。根据上句“We just pay $ 20 for the book. (我们只花了20美元买这本书)”可知，作者的女儿认为这没有什么大不了的。固定句式：What’s the big deal?“有什么大不了？”故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她对图书馆丢失的那本书不理不睬，但我却对此忧心忡忡。A. shoulder肩膀；B. power力量；C. refusal拒绝；D. excuse借口。根据上文““Sorry. I can’t find it.” My daughter said with a shrug (对不起。我找不到它了。女儿耸耸肩说)”可知，女儿找不到书只是耸了耸肩，故此空对应上文女儿的反应，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. impression印象；B. effort努力；C. effect影响；D. concern关心。根据后句“I walked into the library in a deep ___9___as if I had lost the book.( 我带着深深的羞愧走进图书馆，好像我把书丢了)”可知，图书馆丢失的那本书遭到了女儿的冷漠对待，但却引起了作者的极大关注。对于女儿丢书的不在意，作者却非常关心，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带着深深的羞愧走进图书馆，好像我把书丢了。A. respect尊重；B. thought想法；C. shame羞耻；D. shock震惊。根据后句“as if I had lost the book(好像我把书丢了)”可知，作者非常在意图书馆丢失的书，因此带着仿佛是自己丢失了书的深深的羞愧感走进图书馆，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：她同意把所有宠物的房子都打扫干净，以作为我付图书馆书钱的交换。A.in need of需要；B. in trade for以……换得；Cin terms of依据；D. in favor of支持。根据上句“Feeling the need to make her feel responsible for the book (觉得有必要让她觉得自己对这本书有责任)”以及本句“my paying the library book (作为我付图书馆书钱的交换)”可知，作者让女儿把所有宠物的房子都打扫干净，以作为付图书馆书钱的交换。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为做家务是一种惩罚！A.punishment惩罚；B. recovery恢复；C. encouragement鼓励；D. promise承诺。根据上文“Feeling the need to make her feel responsible for the book (觉得有必要让她觉得自己对这本书有责任)”可知，作者是将做家务作为女儿的惩罚。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，我在养育孩子这件事上到底是赢还是输呢?？A. studying学习；B. parenting父母对子女的养育；C. arguing争执；D. fighting打架。根据上文“She agreed to clean up all the pets’ houses ___10___my paying the library book. (她同意把所有宠物的房子都打扫干净，以作为我付图书馆书钱的交换)”以及上文“Surprisingly, she was enjoying herself.(令人惊讶的是，她做家务很开心)”可知，作者本想惩罚女儿做家务，结果发现女儿还很喜欢做家务。因此作者反问自己在育儿上到底是赢了还是输了。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我拍的照片显示她在认真地工作，我教会了她承担义务，保存图书馆书籍了吗？A. benefit 利益；B. method方法；C. commitment承诺；承担义务；D. demand要求。根据上文“Feeling the need to make her feel responsible for the book (觉得有必要让她觉得自己对这本书有责任)”可知，作者想要教会女儿承担责任义务。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.seriously认真地；B. unwillingly不愿意地；C. professionally专业地；D. constantly持续地。由上文“Surprisingly, she was enjoying herself.(令人惊讶的是，她做家务很开心)”可知女儿喜欢做家务，做得很认真。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我欣慰的是，我的小女儿知道什么是她生命中最重要的。A. disappointment失望；B. relief 安慰；C. regret后悔；D. sorrow悲伤。根据下文“my little girl knew what matters in her life. (我的小女儿知道什么是她生命中最重要的)”可知，女儿已经认识到生活中重要的事情，很让作者安慰。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Bigger isn’t always better. Just look at smartphones and personal computers. It is the continual shrinkage (缩小) of components that have caused the explosion of computing power and enabled these gadgets to be ____36____ (access) to people.
Inspired by this, researchers and scientists have been working on areas ____37____ making things small may mean big results. And this year, the Nobel Prize has broken the tradition of celebrating big by presenting the biggest prizes ____38____ discoveries on the smallest scales.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ____39____ (award) to a cellular-level experiment. The committee gave the award to Yoshinori Ohsumi of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, for his research on “autophagy”, ____40____ “self-eating” process seen in cells.
What’s more, in ____41____ (recognize) of their working on the strange properties of matter in extreme states and ____42____ (take) their research all the way down to an atomic scale, the Nobel Prize for physics went to three British-born scientists who currently work in the U.S.
Another exceptional new field is ____43____ of nano-technology. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to a scientist who managed to build the world’s tiniest machines out of molecules. Small as the subjects are, the benefits of the scientists’ research are set to be huge. More ____44____ (important), their invention may even eventually be turned into products that benefit mankind.
The ground-breaking discoveries in physics, “have started a firestorm of research, and it will only be less than a generation _____45_____ their research leads to advances as unimaginable to us now as lasers and computer chips were a hundred years ago,” Laura H. Greene, president-elect of the American Physical Society told The New York Times.
【答案】36. accessible
37. where 38. to
39. was awarded
40. a 41. recognition
42. taking 43. that
44. importantly
45. before
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章告诉我们大的并不一定就是好的，受此启发，研究人员和科学家一直在研究一些领域，把事情做得小可能意味着大结果，因而今年的诺贝尔奖也打破了传统，将最高奖项颁给了规模最小的发现。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：正是组件的不断缩小导致了计算能力的爆炸式增长，并使这些小工具能够为人们所用。结合句意及空前的to be以及空后的介词to可知应填形容词形式accessible，短语be accessible to意为“容易接近的，容易进入的”。故填accessible。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：受此启发，研究人员和科学家一直在研究一些领域，把事情做得小可能意味着大结果。结合句意空处所在句子为定语从句，先行词为areas，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：今年，诺贝尔奖打破了传统，将最高奖项颁给了规模最小的发现。结合句意空处应填介词to，present…to…意为“赠送；授予”，固定搭配。故填to。
【39题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意；诺贝尔生理学或医学奖颁发给了一个细胞水平的实验。分析句子结构可知空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，且主语The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine与动词award之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was awarded。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：委员会将该奖项颁给了东京工业大学的Yoshinori Ohsumi，以表彰他对细胞中一种“自噬”过程的研究。结合句意及空后的名词process可知此处表示“一种过程”，表示泛指，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：更重要的是，为了表彰他们在极端状态下研究物质的奇怪性质，并将他们的研究一直延伸到原子尺度，诺贝尔物理学奖授予了三位目前在美国工作的英国出生的科学家。结合句意及空前的介词in和空后的介词of可知应填名词形式recognition，作宾语。in recognition of 意为“承认……而；为酬谢”，固定搭配。故填recognition。
【42题详解】
考查动名词。句意：更重要的是，为了表彰他们在极端状态下研究物质的奇怪性质，并将他们的研究一直延伸到原子尺度，诺贝尔物理学奖授予了三位目前在美国工作的英国出生的科学家。结合句意及空前的并列连词and以及前文的working可知应填动名词形式taking，作宾语。故填taking。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：另一个特殊的新领域是纳米技术。结合句意空处应填替代词that，that所替代的词可以是可数的，也可以是不可数的，此时的that相当于the+名词，此处相当于the field。故填that。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：更重要的是，他们的发明甚至可能最终转化为造福人类的产品。结合句意空处应填副词形式importantly，作整个句子的状语。故填importantly。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：物理学上的这些突破性发现，“已经掀起了一场研究风暴，在不到一代人的时间里，他们的研究就会带来我们现在无法想象的进步，就像一百年前的激光和计算机芯片一样。”美国物理学会当选主席Laura H. Greene告诉《纽约时报》。结合句意空处应填连词，依据空前的it will be less than a generation可知应填时间状语从句的引导词before，it will be +时间段+before…固定句型，意为“要过多久才会……”，故填before。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom给你发来了一封电子邮件，说他打算到天津留学，并请你提供一些关于汉语学习的建议。请给Tom回一封邮件，内容包括：
1.提出建议；
2.表达祝愿。
注意：1.词数80左右;2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
Happy to learn that you are coming to Tianjin to study, I’m writing to give you some advice about how to learn Chinese well.
First, you should keep listening to Chinese news and watch some Chinese movies, which will make listening easier. Second, it is necessary that you should read as many Chinese books as possible, which can also help with your written Chinese. Last but not least, get more chances to speak Chinese to improve your spoken Chinese.
Hopefully, my advice will be of benefit to you. Wish you make great progress in Chinese!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你的笔友Tom即将来天津留学，需要请你提供一些汉语学习的建议。要求考生在信件中提出合理建议并表达美好祝愿。
【详解】1.词汇积累建议:
建议：advice→suggestion
提高：improve→enhance
必要的：necessary →essential
有益的：be of benefit→beneficial
2.句式拓展简单句变复合句
原句：Last but not least, get more chances to speak Chinese to improve your spoken Chinese.
拓展句：Last but not least, you should get more chances to speak Chinese,which can improve your spoken Chinese.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Happy to learn that you are coming to Tianjin to study, I’m writing to give you some advice about how to learn Chinese well.(运用了that和how引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Second, it is necessary that you should read as many Chinese books as possible, which can also help with your written Chinese. (运用了虚拟语气，it作形式主语，that引导主语从句以及which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使其构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
By morning, Afiq knew what he had to do. He had not slept a wink but had sat in the balcony all night thinking. He stretched his body and went back to his room. His brother Affin was still asleep.
It was Saturday and there was no school. Afiq's mother asked him to buy some groceries for her. On his way out, he glanced at his motorcycle with the broken front lamp and scratches on the side. Afiq straightened his shoulders and went to complete his purchase.
It was late morning when Afiq was free to carry out his plan. He marched down the road to Osman's house. When he arrived, Aniya appeared at the doorway and greeted him warmly. She invited him in and served him tea and some cakes. Afiq nervously asked to speak to Osman. She told him that her father was out but would be home very soon. Sure enough, the elderly man returned in ten minutes.
Afiq cleared his throat a few times and said that he had come to confess (坦白). “I'm so sorry. I was careless yesterday and knocked into your parked car,” Afiq said. Osman looked at the 17-year-old youth, surprised, “So, you are saying that you are the culprit (肇事者) who crashed into my car and then ran away?” Afiq went red. He nodded, “I'm sorry for not telling you earlier. I was too frightened.”
The elderly man smiled and said, “But you're not too frightened to confess now?”
Afiq said uncertainly, “I could not sleep last night thinking about it. I knew I had to do the right thing.”
Osman was silent for a minute before saying in a kind voice, “Do you think it a right thing to cover up for your brother?”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右。
2. 请按下列格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Afiq went pale, “I... I…you know the truth?”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Afiq thanked Osman for his kindness and then set off home happily.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Afiq went pale, “I... I…you know the truth?” “Of course,I’ve known the truth.”Osman said, “You didn’t realize that there is a camera in my car which can record all the process.So I know it clearly.I saw how Affin crashed into my car and ran away.I know it was Affin not you that caused the accident.”Hearing that,Afiq felt embarrassed very much. “I’m sorry，Mr.Osman. But would you please forgive Affin,Mr.Osman?” “Yes,I’ll.Acturally, your brother left a message and a handful of change to pay for the loss.I guess it’s all his pocket money.But I still want to thank you ,good guys.”
Afiq thanked Osman for his kindness and then set off home happily.When he arrived at the front door, he saw his brother Affin waiting for him,which made him ashamed. “Where have you been,Afiq?” “Well,I…”At that time, Affin laughed out.He said: “I have got the news that you went to Mr.Osman.Thanks for all that you have done for me.” “But I’m so sorry to have thought you got away from it…”Suddenly Affin gave him a warm hug and smiled.
【解析】
【分析】本文是以人物为线索展开，讲述了主人公Afiq误以为他的哥哥Affin撞到别人的车没有负责，就在挣扎了一晚上之后，决定替哥哥去承担，但是车主却已经知道真相的故事。
【详解】段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“我…我…你知道真相？”可知，第一段可描写Osman 先生是怎么样知道事情的真相的
②由第二段首句内容“Afiq感谢了Osman先生之后高高兴兴地回家了”可知，第二段可描写Afiq回家之后和哥哥Affin的坦白。
续写线索：尴尬→道歉→获得原谅→回家→兄弟俩解除误会
词汇激活
行为类
①撞上：crash into/hit/run inti
②回家：set off home/go back home/return home
情绪类
①感到尴尬：felt embarrassed/ made him ashamed /be sorry
②感谢：thank sb./ Thanks/be grateful to sb.
【点睛】【高分句型1】You didn’t realize that there is a camera in my car which can record all the process.（由that引导的宾语从句和which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】I know it was Affin not you that caused the accident.（know后面是省略连词that引导的宾语从句和that引导的强调句型）
【高分句型3】When he arrived at the front door, he saw his brother Affin waiting for him,which made him ashamed.（由when引导的时间状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
听力答案：1-5 CBCAB 6- 10 ACABC 11- 15 ABCBB 16-20 CBAAC
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