2023届山东省青岛地区西海岸、平度、胶州、城阳四区高三上学期期中考试物理试题 PDF版
展开2022-2023学年度第一学期期中学业水平检测
高三物理答案及评分标准 2022.11
一、单项选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分。
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7. D 8. C
二、多项选择题:本大题共4小题,每小题4分,共16分,选不全得2分,有选错得0分。
9.BC 10.AC 11.BCD 12.BD
三、非选择题
13.(6分)
(1)F-v2(或F-vn,都可以)··················(2分)
(2)成反比…(2分)、当圆周运动的速率不变而半径改变时,F与r的乘积相等。(2分)
14.(9分)
(1)m<<M … (1分); (2)…(2分);
(3)丙…(2分);(4)mgs=(2分)空气阻力和滑轮与细线间的摩擦(2分)
15.(8分)
(1)设每块砖厚度为d
上升过程:8d-4d=a1T2····················(1分)
mg+f=ma1······························(1分)
下降过程:5d-3d=a2T2····················(1分)
mg-f=ma2······························(1分)
解得:f=mg·····························(1分)
(2)设上升的最大高度为H
上升过程:v02=2a1H······················(1分)
下降过程:v2=2a2H·······················(1分)
解得:v=v0·····························(1分)
评分标准:第1问,5 分;第2问,3 分。共8 分。
16.(8分)
(1)设水桶做匀速运动时受到细绳的拉力为F,则有
F=(M+m)g·······································(1分)
P=Fvm··········································(1分)
解得vm=·········································(1分)
(2)设水桶在水中受到的浮力为F浮,桶口运动到井口的过程中,由动能定理得
W-(M+m)gd+d=0·································(2分)
F浮=mg··········································(1分)
解得W=gd········································(2分)
评分标准:第1问,3 分;第2问,5 分。共8分。
17.(13分)
(1)由动能定理:m0gR=m0vB2 ······················(1分)
得:vB=3m/s
由牛顿第二定律:FN+m0g=m ······················(1分)
得:FN=2.5N·································(1分)
由牛顿第三定律可得:小球对轨道的作用力为2.5N,方向竖直向上。(1分)
(2)因为小球与滑块碰撞时交换速度,所以轨道间在运动的其实可以只考虑一个物体对滑块分析:因为mgsin53°>μmgcos53°,所以小球不能停在轨道上(1分)
则小球做往复运动后,最后停在D点··················(1分)
由mg(R+2r+2rsin30°)=μmgscos53°·····················(1分)
得s=5m··········································(1分)
(3)当mgsinθ=μmgcosθ时,θ=37°
0≤θ≤37°时,小滑块能停在倾斜轨道上················(1分)
由mg(R+2r+2rsin30°)-mgxsinθ-μmgxcosθ=0···········(1分)
得x=
则Wf=μmg xcosθ=······························(1分)
37°<θ≤60°时,小滑块最后停在D点
Wf=mg(R+2r+2rsin30°)···························(1分)
则Wf=11.25J··································(1分)
评分标准:第1问,4 分;第2问,4 分;第3问,5 分。共 13 分。
18.(16分)
(1)在地球表面:·····································(1分)
由:得:v=········································(1分)
(2)设地球密度为ρ
g==···········································(1分)
距地心为h时:g1==······························(1分)
得:g1=········································(1分)
(3)设卫星从B向O′运动的过程中距离O′为x
卫星在不同位置时的重力加速度g2=···················(1分)
卫星受到的地球引力:F引=mg2=mg··················(1分)
卫星受到的地球引力沿通道方向的分力:F=F引=(1分)
即:F随x均匀变化,且F与物体偏离O′位置的位移始终相反,所以物体作的是以O′为平衡位置的简谐运动。 (1分)
(4)卫星从B点运动到O′位置过程由动能定理:
W==··········································(1分)
解得:v0=······································(1分)
m、M在O′发生弹性碰撞:
Mv0-m v0=Mv1+m v2······························(1分)
···············································(1分)
解得:v2=,由于M>>m
可知:v2=3 v0····································(1分)
令卫星回到B点时的速度为第一宇宙速度v
由动能定理:·····································(1分)
解得:h=·······································(1分)
评分标准:第1问,2 分;第2问,3 分;第3问,4分;第4问,7 分。共16分。
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