Unit 2 Exploring English Section Ⅲ　Using language & Writing(word教师用书 含答案解析)

Section Ⅲ　Using language & Writing
构词法

英语的构词法主要有三种：合成法、转化法和派生法。

合成法
合成词是由两个或更多的词合成的词。最常见的合成词为合成名词、合成形容词，还有合成副词、合成动词、合成代词等。合成词一般直接连写在一起，也有的合成词之间用连字符“­”，还有的由分开的两个词构成。
1．合成名词

构词方式
例词
名词＋名词
headmaster 校长
名词＋动名词
ship­building 造船(业)
speed­reading 快速阅读
名词＋动词＋er(or)
painkiller 止痛药
形容词＋名词
highway 公路
动词＋副词
get­together 聚会，联欢会
副词＋动词
output 产量
upkeep 保养，维修
介词(副词)＋名词
upland 高地，山地
upshot 结局
分词＋副词
grown­up 成年人
名词＋介词
looker­on 旁观者
passer­by 路人
动词＋介词
go­between 中间人，媒人
名词＋介词＋名词
son­in­law 女婿
sister­in­law 嫂子，姑子
2.合成形容词
构词方式
例词
形容词＋名词＋ed
warm­hearted 热心肠的
cold­blooded 冷血的
middle­aged 中年的
bare­footed 赤脚的
形容词＋现在分词
good­looking 好看的
easy­going 容易相处的
形容词＋过去分词
new­born 新生的
ready­made 现成的
副词＋现在分词
hard­working 勤劳的
名词＋现在分词
English­speaking
说英语的
peace­loving 爱好和平的
副词＋过去分词
newly­built 新建的
well­known 闻名的
名词＋过去分词
man­made 人造的
heart­felt 由衷的
数词＋名词＋形容词
twelve­year­old 十二岁的
five­meter­long 五米长的
3.合成副词
构词方式
例词
介词＋名词
underfoot 在脚下
beforehand 事先
副词＋名词
upstairs 在楼上
downstairs 在楼下
副词＋副词
however 无论如何，
然而，可是
代词＋副词
anywhere 任何地方
somehow 不知怎么地
形容词＋副词
nowhere 没有地方
代词＋名词
someday (今后)有 一天
someway 以某种方式
副词＋介词
nearby 附近
4.合成动词
构词方式
例词
副词＋动词
overthrow 推翻
overcome 克服
名词＋动词
typewrite 打字
sleepwalk 梦游
形容词＋动词
broadcast 广播
whitewash 粉刷，粉饰
5.合成代词
构词方式
例词
代词宾格＋­self
itself 它自身
物主代词＋­self
myself 我自己
形容词＋名词
anything 任何东西
something 某物，某事
6.合成介词
构词方式
例词
副词＋名词
inside 在……里面
介词＋副词
within 在……之内
without 没有
副词＋介词
into 进入

(1)由“可数名词＋介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时，把前面的名词变复数。
*sister­in­law→sisters­in­law
*passer­by→passers­by
*looker­on→lookers­on
(2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数。
*a woman teacher→women teachers
*a man doctor→men doctors
(3)由“名词＋名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变化中心名词，而修饰名词不变。
*a girlfriend→girlfriends

转化法
转化即一个单词由一种词性转变为另一种或几种词性。
转化词
例词
动词→名词
walk v．行走→walk n．散步
swim v．游泳→swim n．游泳
名词→动词
表示物体的
book n．书→book v．预订
ship n．船→ship v．用船运输
表示人体部位的
hand n．手→hand v．递交
head n．头→head v．朝……方向
名词→动词
表示一类人的
nurse n．护士→nurse v．护理
fool n．傻子→fool v．愚弄
表示自然现象的
rain n．雨→rain v．下雨
snow n．雪→snow v．下雪
形容词→动词
dry adj.干的→dry v．使变干
clean adj.干净的→clean v．把……擦干净
副词→动词
out adv.出来→out v．揭露
形容词→名词
white adj.白色的→white n．白人
native adj.本地的→native n．本地人
特殊转化
must v．必须→must n．必须做的事

派生法
派生即在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意思相近或截然相反的单词。除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意思，不改变词性；后缀一般改变单词的词性，并不引起词义的变化。
分类
总结
例词
前缀
表示
否定
意义
的前
缀
表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis­， il­， im­， in­，ir­， mis­， non­， un­等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
appear出现→disappear消失
correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
legal合法的→illegal非法的
lead带领→mislead误导
stop停下→non­stop不停的
possible可能的→impossible不可能的
regular规则的→irregular不规则的
smoker吸烟的人→non­smoker不吸烟的人
usual寻常的→unusual不寻常的

其他意义
的前
缀
表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a­表状态；for­，fore­先，前，预；inter­间，相互；micro­微；mid­中；mini­微型的；re­重，再，复；super­上，超；tele­远距离的
sleep睡觉→asleep睡着的
see看见→foresee预见
national国家的→international 国际的
film影片→microfilm 微型胶片
night夜晚→midnight午夜
bus公交车→minibus小型公共汽车
write写→rewrite重写
market市场→supermarket超市
scope眼界→telescope 望远镜
续　表
分类
总结
例词
前
缀
改变
词性
的前
缀
改变词性的前缀有：en­，de­，be­，a­，out等。en­前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词；de­前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词，其意义大多和原名词相反；be­前缀通常加在名词或形容词前构成动词；a­前缀通常加在名词或描述性动词之前，构成形容词或副词；out­前缀通常加在名词之前构成形容词，加在动词之前构成名词。
large大的→enlarge扩大
courage勇气→encourage鼓励
value价值→devalue降低……的价值
friend朋友→befriend与……交朋友
little小的→belittle轻视
board甲板→aboard在船上
side旁边→aside在旁边
door门→outdoor户外的
break打破→outbreak爆发
后
缀
构成
名词
的后
缀
构成名词的后缀常用的有­ence，­ese(表某地人或语言)，­er/­or/­ist(表人)，­ess(雌性)，­ian(精通……的人)，­ist(专业人员)，­ment，­ness(性质；状态)，­tion(动作；过程)等
absent缺席的→absence缺勤
China中国→Chinese中国人，汉语
clean清扫→cleaner清洁工
visit拜访→visitor来访者
art艺术→artist艺术家
agree同意→agreement同意
kind善良的→kindness善良
invent发明→invention发明
构成形容
词的
后缀
构成形容词的后缀常用的有­al，­able(有能力的)，­(a)n(某国的)，­en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，­ern(方向的)，­ese(某国人的)，­ful，­(ic)al，­ish，­ive，­less (表示否定)，­like(像……的)，­ly，­ous，­some，­y(表示天气)等。
nature自然→natural自然的
reason道理→reasonable有道理的
America美国→American美国的
gold金子→golden金的
east东→eastern东方的
China中国→Chinese中国人的
child孩子→childish孩子气的
snow雪→snowy下雪的
后
缀
构成
副词
的后
缀
构成副词的后缀常用的有­ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，­ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)
angry生气的→angrily生气地
to到→towards朝……，向……
east东方→eastward向东
构成动词
的后
缀
构成动词的后缀常用的有­(e)n(多用于形容词之后)，­fy(使……化)，­ize(使……成为)
wide宽的→widen加宽
beauty美人，美好→beautify美化
pure纯的→purify提纯
real真的→realize意识到
organ器官→organize组织

单句语法填空
1．I can’t find my toys anywhere—they’ve entirely disappeared(appear)．
2．Being unable(able) to afford a proper home after getting married, the couple moved into a mountain cave.
3．It’s a(n) informal(formal) party, so you needn’t go home to get changed.
4．It was impolite(polite) of you to ask him the personal question in front of so many people.
5．His parents completely misunderstood(understand) him and criticized(批评) him heavily.
6．Tom was encouraged(courage) by his father to take part in the singing competition.
7．On a stormy(storm) night, his son was missing on the way back home.
8．Their product is friendly(friend) to the environment and popular with customers.
9．He didn’t like his work; he did it simply(simple) for the money.
10．Martin was very helpful(help); we couldn’t have finished the work on time without him.
11．Mr.Lee said that the smiles and happiness(happy) of the children gave him great courage every day.
12．This latest teaching equipment(equip) in our class is said to have cost a lot of money.
判断下列画线单词的词性和意思
1．Mary is drawing water from the well and looks quite well．
第一个well是名词，井；第二个well是形容词，气色好，身体好。
2．I have booked my ticket and bought three books for my sister.
第一个book是动词，预订；第二个book是名词，书。
3．My brother is studying for the coming examination in our father’s study．
第一个study是动词，学习；第二个study是名词，书房。
4．Let’s go out for a walk after supper, but don’t walk too fast.
第一个walk是名词，散步；第二个walk是动词，走。
5．Although my new cellphone has many functions,__it doesn’t function well.
第一个function是名词，功能；第二个function是动词，起作用，运转。
讲故事

文体感知
故事属于记叙文文体。写作时要注意以下几点：
1．描述的生动性和准确性
记叙文讲述你或者他人经历过的事情。你可以描述一种个人经历，说说什么让你成长，或是谁帮助了你。
2．六大元素的完整性
六大元素：介绍、设定、情节、人物、高潮和结局。
介绍：开头。如何设置这个故事？开头会有什么重要信息关联到后续情节？
设定：故事发生的背景。它是怎样的一个环境？怎样描述才能让读者身临其境？
情节：故事的主体。这个故事为什么值得讲？
人物：这个故事描述了怎样的角色？这些角色又演绎了什么样的故事？
高潮：一切结束之前的那个悬疑点。你需要考虑的是，接下来发生的事需不需要讲述。
结局：所有的事情都结束了。故事的主旨是什么？事物、人物、想法都有了什么样的改变？
3．观点的鲜明性
基本上记叙文都带着作者的观点。在讲故事时，故事得有一个明确的论点。好好思考你想要告诉读者信息。
增分佳句
常用开头
1．It happened...事情发生在……
2．With the coming of..., ...are eager to express respect and love for...
随着……的到来，……渴望表达对……的尊敬和爱戴。
3．On...I was...as usual. Suddenly, I．..
在……我像往常一样……，突然，我……
4．It impressed me most because...
它给我留的印象最深，是因为……
5．So it is of great importance for me to show my respect for...所以对于我来说，对……表示我的尊敬是很重要的。
6．On one hand...on the other hand.../For one thing...for another...一方面……另一方面……
常用主体
1．Firstly...and secondly...To make matters worse... As a result...第一……第二……更糟糕的是……结果……
2．At first...and at the same time...At last...
首先……与此同时……最后……
3．It happened...I still remember when...It impressed me most because...
它发生在……我始终记得当时……它留给我的印象最深刻，是因为……
4．As a matter of a fact...事实上……
常用结尾
1．Considering all these/Taking all these into consideration...On one hand...on the other hand...In conclusion...
考虑到……一方面……另一方面……总之……。
2．On my way back to...I thought a lot...Moreover/What’s more...If we are always ready to...
在我回……的路上，我想了很多……而且……如果我们时刻做好准备去……
3．Considering all these, I believe that...First of all...Furthermore/Besides...Therefore...
考虑到……我相信……首先……而且……因此……

写作要求
假设你是新华中学的学生李华，美国留学生Jack正在中国学汉语。他觉得自己的汉语学的很不错了，但仍有些疑惑。听说今天你带他的吃的是“老婆饼”和“叫花鸡”，他觉得很吃惊，吃后却觉得很好吃。请用英语写一则故事叙述今天发生的事。
写作要求：
1．词数80左右。
2．可以增加细节，以使行文连贯。
词汇提示：小吃 snack；老婆饼Wife Cake；叫花鸡Beggar’s Chicken
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
记叙文
话题
中西文化差异
时态
一般过去时和一般现在时
人称
第一人称和第三人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①一说起 　　　　 　　　　 speaking__of
②令人困惑的 confusing
③反映；思考 reflect
④干得不错 do__a__good__job
⑤实际上 actually
⑥交换 exchange
2．句式
①Jack对理解中国小吃有点困难。
普通表达：It is hard for Jack to understand Chinese snacks.
高级表达：Jack__has__some__trouble__understanding__Chinese__snacks.(have trouble doing)
②他不喜欢一些中国小吃的名字，更不想去品尝它们。
普通表达：He doesn’t like the names of some Chinese snacks. He doesn’t want to eat them, either.
高级表达：He doesn’t like the names of some Chinese snacks.Neither__does__he__want__to__eat__them. (neither引导倒装句)
③我花了不少时间才说服他尝一尝。
普通表达：It took a long time for me to ask him to have a try.
高级表达：I__spent__a__long__time__persuading__him__to__have__a__try.(spend time doing和persuade)
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Jack, an American exchange student, is one of my friends living in China，who can speak Chinese very fluently. And he thought he did a very good job in learning Chinese.
But Jack still has some trouble understanding Chinese snacks. He likes Chinese dumplings, in which there are his favourite fillings. He doesn’t like the names of some Chinese snacks. Neither does he want to eat them.One day I bought him some Wife Cakes and a Beggar’s Chicken which really surprised him. He thought I was joking. I spent a long time persuading him to have a try.
After eating，he fell in love with them.I like these names of Chinese snacks，which reflect the wisdom of Chinese people.


单句语法填空
1．He had misread(read) a road sign and taken the wrong way.　
2．It is hoped that natural(nature) resources will be found on Mars.
3．He was one of the greatest thinkers(think) and had a great effect on Chinese culture.
4．We hope these lovely children grow happily and healthily(health) every day.
5．On New Year’s Day, we visited every neighbor in the village and were greeted warmly(warm) at each house.
6．Many accidents are caused by some drivers’ carelessness(careless)．
7．After a long discussion(discuss) with her father, she decided not to take the job.
8．The boy didn’t pass the entrance examination, so his parents were unhappy(happy) about the result.
9．The Great Wall in China left a deep impression(impress) on the people all over the world.
10．Father looked at the result of his son’s examination with satisfaction(satisfy) and pride.
阅读理解
We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.When we do study our language, though, we are often surprised that we are able to understand our conversations.Words can mean so many different things.However, it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work.
First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.For example, the word “dog” can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream.It can also be used to discuss a neighbor’s dog.No language has a separate word for the idea “dog that I saw yesterday” and another word for the idea “dog that I saw in a dream”. This is because the speaking situation makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words.So, when you have a conversation with your friend, the knowledge that your neighbor has a dog tells your friend what the word “dog” probably means in that situation.
The speaking situation also helps make language clearer.For example, the word “bank” has two possible meanings.It can mean “a place where people keep money”， but it can also mean “the side of a river”. So the sentence “I went to the bank” is not clear.It could mean “I went to the side of a river” or it could mean “I went to the place where my money is kept”. However, if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains, others probably know that “bank” means “the side of a river”．
The things that speakers say may not always be clear.Sometimes the words are not very particular, but the speaking situation can provide the meaning.Other times words may have many meanings.Then the speaking situation limits the right meaning.This extra knowledge from the situation is very important to understand language.
【解题导语】　本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。
1．The passage is mainly about ________．
A．the best time and place to talk to others
B．how speaking situation helps language work
C．what to say in difficult situations
D．how our language works
B　解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用，故选B。
2．According to the passage, we can safely say that ________．
A．a speaking situation does not affect the meaning of words
B．speaking is not very natural for most people
C．a speaking situation is not important
D．people often do not consider how talking works
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.”可知，选D。
3．By using the example of the word “dog”， the writer wants to show that ________．
A．a word may need to be explained in a conversation
B．a word may have different meanings
C．speaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a word
D．the meaning of words is not particular
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句话“First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.”和下文的“For example...”可知，下文正是用“dog”一词举例来论证第二段的第一句话，故选C。
4．According to the passage, we can know the meaning of the word “bank” by referring to ________．
A．the time and the place where the conversation happens
B．the occupation of the person who uses the word
C．earlier or later parts of the conversation
D．a reliable dictionary
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段所讲，作者用“bank”一词举例说明对话中这个词之前或之后的部分决定了这个词的具体含义，故选C。
语法填空
(2019·辽宁实验中学高一期末)Keeping a diary in English is one of the most 1.____________(effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.
2．____________(compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes 3.____________(little) time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. If we persist in this practice, gradually we 4.____________(learn) how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many 5.____________(difficult). In the first place, it often happens that we have difficulty 6.____________(find) proper words and phrases to express our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is 7.____________(extreme) hard for us to put them into English properly.
As far as I’m concerned, my suggestion is 8.____________ we should always have a notebook and a Chinese­English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher 9.____________ help, if necessary. In 10.____________ word, I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了用英语记日记是提高我们英语写作能力的最有效的方法之一。
1．effective　解析：考查形容词。修饰名词ways应用形容词，effective意为“有效的”。
2．Compared　解析：考查过去分词作状语。句意：与其他形式的写作相比，它更短，花的时间更少。本句中主语it指的是Keeping a diary in English(用英语记日记)，和compare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词作状语，compared with...意为“与……相比较”。
3．less　解析：考查形容词比较级。根据句意及and前的shorter可知本空应用比较级形式，形容词little的比较级为less。
4．will learn　解析：考查时态。句意：如果我们坚持这种做法，我们将逐渐地学会用英语表达自己。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主句应用一般将来时。
5．difficulties　解析：考查名词复数。句意：在用英语记日记的过程中，我们肯定会遇到许多困难。形容词many修饰可数名词复数，故本空应用名词复数difficulties。
6．finding　解析：考查动名词作宾语。句意：首先，我们很难找到合适的单词或短语来表达我们的想法的事情时有发生。have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，故本空应用动名词形式作宾语。
7．extremely　解析：考查副词。句意：并且我们很难恰当地把它们翻译成英语。修饰形容词hard应用副词extremely。
8．that　解析：考查表语从句。句意：就我而言，我的建议是我们应该手边经常有一本笔记本和一本汉英词典。本句中 8.________ we should always have a notebook and a Chinese­English dictionary within easy reach.为表语从句，从句中不缺成分，故应用that引导表语从句。
9．for　解析：考查介词。句意：如果有必要的话，我们也可以向我们的英语老师寻求帮助。turn to sb.for help意为“向某人寻求帮助”，故本空应用介词for。
10．a　解析：考查冠词。句意：总之，我相信用英语写日记对我们的写作能力的发展有很大的帮助。in a word意为“总之”，故本空应用不定冠词a。
应用文写作
假设你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，你校拟举办主题为“英语学习”的讲座。请你根据所给要点，代表学生会以短文形式写一则英文海报。
要点：
时间：下周二下午2：00－4：00
地点：学校礼堂
内容：1.英语学习经验与方法介绍；
2．就英语学习中的困惑进行现场答疑。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．海报应含所有信息，可适当增加细节。
参考词汇：讲座lecture
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
A Lecture on English Learning
Want to improve your English? Come and join us!
A lecture on “English learning” is to be held in our school hall from 2：00 to 4：00 next Tuesday afternoon. The lecturer will share his learning experience with us. In addition, he will introduce some methods of learning English. After the lecture, you can ask him for advice on any problems you have while learning English.
You’ll learn a great deal from this lecture!
Students’ Union
读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
That first afternoon, when I came downstairs from my classroom and put my hand in my mailbox, I got a sinking feeling in my stomach. The check I expected and badly needed wasn’t there.
When I asked the school secretary what happened, she informed me that the teachers weren’t paid until the end of the month. This was a problem. I had only four dollars left, and the end of the month was a whole month away.
My first teaching experience had been in a small school in Missouri, where the teachers always received the first month’s check the first day of school. Now, here in the big St. Louis Public School System, I found things worked differently.
What to do? I had come into St. Louis two weeks before as required for all new teachers to prepare their lessons and had spent my little reserve. Now with the four dollars I couldn’t even pay for my cheap motel room that night, much less buy dinner and gasoline.
I had my trumpet(小号) in the car, as I played the trumpet and a little piano. So I did something most musicians have done at one time or another. I decided to pawn(典当) my trumpet.
I drove downtown to an unpleasant area where the pawn shops and cheap bars were. I pawned my trumpet for fifteen dollars, and now I had enough money to get__through the night and the next day of school, but then what?
There was a little bar nearby. I walked in and ordered a thirty－cent beer. I was the only customer. I sat there sipping my beer and trying to think my way out of this problem．
“You look like you lost your last friend, Son，”said the owner of the bar.“What’s the matter？”
His name was Charlie,__and he was a pleasant man about 60, which seemed quite old to me at the time. I was about 24.I told him what had happened and about pawning my trumpet. Then I stared at the old piano I had seen as I came in the door.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
“Play the piano, too, do you？”asked Charlie. _______________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
When, after a month, I finally got paid, I went back to the bar._____________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
“Play the piano, too, do you？”asked Charlie. Wearing a pleasant smile on his face, he said，“Perhaps it can help you get__through the trouble.”I felt my eyes light up at the invitation.“Really？”A feeling of hesitation, however, fell upon me. Finding the anxiety in my eyes, Charlie put his hands on my shoulder, encouraging me to give it a try. When I finished a piece, he applauded.“No problem at all！”Since then, I would often spend time in the bar and make the most relaxing time. Though there was usually no customer at all, Charlie was invariably my royal listener.
Paragraph 2：
When, after a month, I finally got paid, I went back to the bar. With great gratitude towards Charlie, I knocked at the door. However, no one came to answer the door. Then it confused me that the door was not locked and there was nothing inside except the old piano. A piece of paper on it drew my attention. I learnt from the letter that Charlie had been to California and would never come back. But what impressed me most was the last line and it remains my motto. It reads，“God never takes your hope away.”

《飘》是美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔十年磨一剑的作品，也是其唯一的作品。作品刻画了那个时代的许多美国南方人的形象，成功地再现了林肯领导的南北战争和美国南方地区的社会生活。
[词句积累]
1．educational/ˌedʒu
ˈkeIʃənl/adj.教育
的；有教育意义的
2．comprehend/ˌkɒm
prIˈhend/vt.理解
3．exaggerated/Iɡˈzæ
dʒəreItId/adj.夸张的，言过其实的
4．mount/maʊnt/v.
登上；骑上
5．If the educational equipment which Gerald brought to America was scant, he did not even know it.
分析：该句含有if引导的条件状语从句，其中which引导的定语从句修饰先行词equipment。
Gone with the Wind(excerpt)
If the educational equipment which Gerald brought to America was scant, he did not even know it. Nor would he have cared if he had been told. His mother had taught him to read and to write in a clear hand. He was adept at ciphering. And there his book knowledge stopped. The only Latin he knew was the responses of the Mass and the only history the manifold wrongs of Ireland. He knew no poetry save that of Moore and no music except the songs of Ireland that had come down through the years. While he entertained the liveliest respect for those who had more book learning than he, he never felt his own lack. And what need had he of these things in a new country where the most ignorant of bogtrotters had made great fortunes in this country which asked only that a man be strong and unafraid of work?
He liked the South，and he soon became, in his own opinion, a Southerner. There was much about the South—and Southerners—that he would never comprehend; but, with the wholeheartedness that was his nature, he adopted its ideas and customs, as he understood them, for his own—poker and horse racing, red­hot politics and the code duello, States’ Rights and damnation to all Yankees, slavery and King Cotton, contempt for white trash and exaggerated courtesy to women. He even learned to chew tobacco. There was no need for him to acquire a good head for whisky; he had been born with one.
But Gerald remained Gerald. His habits of living and his ideas changed, but his manners he would not change, even had he been able to change them. He admired the drawling elegance of the wealthy rice and cotton planters, who rode into Savannah from their moss­hung kingdoms, mounted on thoroughbred horses and followed by the carriages of their equally elegant ladies and the wagons of their slaves.
《飘》(节选)
到美国来之前，杰拉尔德没有受过多少教育，可是他对此并不怎么有自知之明。其实，即使别人给他指出，他也不会在意。他母亲教过他读书写字。他很善于做算术题。他的书本知识就只有这些。他唯一懂得的拉丁文是做弥撒时应答牧师的用语，唯一的历史知识则是爱尔兰的种种冤屈。他在诗歌方面，只知道穆尔的作品，音乐则限于历代流传下来的爱尔兰歌曲。他尽管对那些比他有学问的人怀有敬意，可是从来也没感觉到自己的缺陷。而且，在一个新的国家，在一个连那些最愚昧的爱尔兰人也在此发了大财的国家，在一个只要求你强壮不怕干活的国家，他需要这些东西干什么呢？
他喜欢南方，并且自己以为自己很快就成了南方人。的确，关于南方和南方人，有许多东西是他永远也不会理解的。不过，南方人的有些思想习惯，如玩扑克、赛马、争论政治和举行决斗、争取州权和咒骂北方佬、维护奴隶制和棉花至上主义、轻视下流白人和过分讨好妇女等，他一旦理解便全心全意地接受，并且使它们成为他自己的。他甚至学会了咀嚼烟叶。至于喝威士忌的本领，他生来就已经具备，那是不用学的。
然而，杰拉尔德还是杰拉尔德。他的生活习惯和思想变了，但他不愿改变自己的态度，即使他能够改变。他羡慕那些种稻米和棉花的富裕种植园主，羡慕他们慢条斯理、温文尔雅地骑着纯种马，后面是载着他们文质彬彬的太太们的马车和载着奴隶们的大车，从他们的古旧王国向萨凡纳迤逦而来。