2022中考专题-句子成分讲解课件PPT

这是一份2022中考专题-句子成分讲解课件PPT，共37页。PPT课件主要包含了主要成分主语谓语，主语subject，动名词，不定式，主语从句，简单谓语，复合谓语，情态动词+动词原形，系动词+表语 ，宾语object等内容，欢迎下载使用。

次要成分：宾语，表语，补语
修饰成分：定语，状语等
主语subject
主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。
（1）The classrm is very clean． （2）He reads newspapers every day. （3）Smking is harmful t the health. （4）T teach them English is my jb. It is may jb t teach them English. （5）What we shuld d is nt yet decided.
不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型
谓语predicate
说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致，它在主语后面。
一个简单句里通常只有一个动词或者是动词短语充当谓语,除非用连词连接。
Lily lks up the dictinary．He lk after his sister.He is famus fr his wrks.We sing.We sing and dance.
be+形容词+介词 动词短语
连词连接的两个实义动词
如果一个简单句里出现两个动词，没有连词连接怎么办？
We like swimming.
I want t swim.
谓语可分为：简单谓语和复合谓语
We study hard．
The dg runs after a cat.
I sing and dance.
助动词+实义动词各个形态
助动词+实义动词各种形态=复合谓语
We dn’t finish reading the bk. I have been t HK befre.I am ding my hmewrk.I will g t schl tmrrw.
系动词+表语=复合谓语
His parents are teachers. Fur and fur is eight.It sunds interesting.I feel cld.We keep heathy.She is in red.
宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。
（1）She is playing the pian nw．（2）She says（that）she is ill.（3）He ften helps me．（4）He likes t play basketball.（5）We enjy listening t the music.
（宾语从句作动词宾语）
（动名词短语作宾语）
★宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。（双宾） 间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物
可跟双宾的动词举例：
宾语补足语bject cmplement补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。 “宾语+宾语补足语” =复合宾语
（1）They make her happy.（2）I want yu t help me.（3） Please let him ut.（4）The bss kept them wrking all day. （5）Yesterday he gt his leg brken. （6）Make yurself at hme.
双宾语结构可进行“t”和”fr”的替换。
举例：give sb. sth.=give sth. t sb. buy sb. sth.=buy sth. fr sb.
表语predicative
表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。
要了解表语，只要记住系动词，系动词后面就是表语。
系动词 Linking verb.
Be动词：am，is，are, was, were
感官动词：feel（感觉起来），sund（听起来），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来）seem/lk（看起来），
表改变：get， becme， turn
表保持：keep, stay, remain
系动词+表语=复合谓语
（1）I am a teacher. （2）He is always happy.（3）They are n the playgrund nw.（4）It gets cld.
初高中常考：形容词做表语。
定语attributive
定语用来修饰名词或代词，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语，不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。
I have smething t d.I tell him smething interesting.
a lvely girl
a five-year-ld girl
a girl in a hat
a girl wh wears a dress
five-year-ld
wh wears a dress
The black bike is mine.What’s yur name?They make paper flwers.The bys in the rm are in Class Three Grade One. I have smething t d. Harry Prter is a by wh has magic pwer.
找出句子中的定语：I have an intersting new English bk.
总结：一个句子里面，定语可以有多个。
状语adverbial
修饰动词、形容词、副词。（时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等），一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。
(1) He did it carefully.(2) We ften help him.(3) Her mther ges ut t d sme shpping n Sunday. (4) When I grw up, I am ging t be a teacher.(5) He sits there.
例： （1） The little girl cried ludly. （动词后面） （2）Unluckily, we failed the ftball match at last. （句首）
一、1.评论性的副词用于句首或者修饰动词短语放于其后，均为状语（表状态或程度）
例：我每天下午和朋友一起在学校打篮球是为了耍帅。I play basketball with my friends at schl every afternn in rder t shw ff.
二.一般状语的顺序可以调整。
(Last week,) I went t Beijing (last week).(T catch the early bus,) I gt up at fur yesterday (t catch the early bus.)
时间、目的状语可位于句首(一般用“，”和主句隔开），也可直接放于句尾。
注意：时间和地点状语，先小后大。
同位语 Appsitive
(1) Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airprt.(2)Mr.Smith, ur new teacher, is very kind t us.
当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等的位置时，一个成分可被用来说明或解释另一个成分，前者叫做后者的同位语。
I saw my friend , Lily, running in the park yesterday and she was very happy.
一个句子分析句子成分。