(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 选择性必修第一册　Unit 3 Fascinating Parks (含详解)

选择性必修第一册　Unit 3  Fascinating Parks

阅读·提速练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2021·江苏高邮质检)

San Francisco Fire Engine Tours

San Francisco Winery Tour

Running：February 1st through April 30th

This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price)

Departing from the Cannery：Tell time upon request.

Duration (时长)：2 hours

Price：$90

Back to the Fifties Tour

Running：August 16th through August 31st

This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods，the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.

Departing from the Cannery：5：00 pm and 7：00 pm

Duration：2 hours

Price：$90

Spooky Halloween Tour

Running：October 10th through October 31st

Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district.Authentic fire gear(服装)is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.

Departing from the Cannery：6：30 pm and 8：30 pm

Duration：1 hour and 30 minutes

Price：Available upon request

Holiday Lights Tour

Running：December 6th through December 23nd

This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.

Departing from the Cannery：7：00 pm and 9：00 pm

Duration：1 hour and 30 minutes

Advance reservations required.

1．Which of the tours is available in March?

A．Back to the Fifties Tour.

B．San Francisco Winery Tour.

C．Spooky Halloween Tour.

D．Holiday Lights Tour.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据San Francisco Winery Tour部分中的“Running：February 1st through April 30th”可知，旧金山酒厂之旅的时间是2月1日到4月30日。由此可知，可以在3月份参加旧金山酒厂之旅。故B项正确。

2．What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour?

A．Go to Treasure Island.

B．Enjoy the holiday scenes.

C．Visit the Presidio district.

D．Have free ice cream.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。根据Back to the Fifties Tour部分中的“Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.”可知，参加重返五十年代之旅可以免费品尝冰激淩。故D项正确。

3．What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?

A．Take some drinks.

B．Make reservations in advance.

C．Set off early in the morning.

D．Wear warm clothes.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据Holiday Lights Tour部分中的“Advance reservations required.”可知，参加节日灯之旅需要提前预订。故B项正确。

B

(2021·江苏苏州八校联考)

As a child，Jane Goodall had a natural love for the outdoors and animals.And at age 23，she left for Nairobi，Kenya.There，Jane met famed Dr.Louis Leakey，who offered her a job at the local natural history museum.She worked there for a time before Leakey decided to send her to the Gombe Stream Game Reserve in Tanzania to study wild chimpanzees.He felt her strong interest in animals and nature，and her knowledge as well as high energy made her a great candidate to study the chimpanzees.

In December 1958，Jane returned home to England and Leakey began to make arrangements for the expedition(考察)，securing the appropriate permissions from the government and raising funds.In May 1960，Jane learned that Leakey had gained funding from the Wilkie Brothers Foundation.

Jane arrived by boat at the Gombe Stream Game Reserve on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika with her mother.The early weeks at Gombe were challenging.Jane developed a fever that delayed the start of her work.Finally，an older chimpanzee named David Greybeard，began to allow Jane to watch him.As a high ranking male of the chimpanzee community，his acceptance meant other group members also allowed Jane to observe.It was David Greybeard whom Jane first witnessed using tools.Excited，she telegraphed Dr.Leakey about her observation.He wrote back，“Now we must redefine ‘tool’ and ‘man’ or accept chimpanzees as humans.”

Jane continued to work in the field and，with Leakey’s help，began her doctoral program without an undergraduate degree in 1962.At Cambridge University，she found herself at odds with senior scientists over the methods she used—how she had named the chimpanzees rather than using the more common numbering system，and for suggesting that the chimps have emotions and personalities.She further upset those in power at the university when she wrote her first book，My Friends，the Wild Chimpanzees，aimed at the general public rather than an academic audience.The book was wildly popular，and her academic peers were outraged.Dr.Jane Goodall earned her PhD on February 9,1966，and continued to work at Gombe for the next twenty years.

4．What can we infer from the passage?

A．The journey to Kenya rooted Jane’s deep love for animals.

B．Jane was the first to discover chimpanzees use tools.

C．Dr.Leakey easily raised funds from the Wilkie Brothers Foundation.

D．Jane’s work at the Gombe Stream Game Reserve went along smoothly.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It was David Greybeard whom Jane first witnessed using tools.”可知，是珍妮第一个发现了黑猩猩使用工具，故选B。

5．What is the academic peers’ attitude towards Jane’s first book?

A．Extremely ambiguous.

B．Genuinely pleased.

C．Truly sensitive.

D．Really angry.

答案　D

解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段的“She further upset those in power at the university when she wrote her first book”以及“The book was wildly popular，and her academic peers were outraged.”可知，学术界的同行们对珍妮的第一本书持愤怒的态度。故选D。

6．What does the underlined sentence imply in Paragraph 4?

A．Senior scientists disagreed with Jane’s method in observing chimpanzees.

B．Jane’s method inspired more scientists to make further discoveries.

C．Jane’s achievements quickly attracted attention from senior scientists.

D．Jane’s study of chimpanzees received no support from scientists.

答案　A

解析　句意猜测题。根据画线句后的“how she had named the chimpanzees rather than using the more common numbering system，and for suggesting that the chimps have emotions and personalities”可知，珍妮在自己研究黑猩猩的使用方法上与其他科学家存在着分歧。由此可知，画线句子的意思是“资深科学家不同意珍妮观察黑猩猩的方法”。故选A。

7．What can we learn from Jane Goodall?

A．Challenging senior scientists is a must in gaining fame.

B．Passion and hard work can make a difference in scientific research.

C．Cooperation is the only key to making significant discoveries.

D．The ability to raise funds counts in achieving great success.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，Jane非常热爱动物，坚持观察野生黑猩猩，她的激情和努力帮助她在科学研究中取得了成就。故选B。

C

Stephen Wamukota，a nine-year-old from Mukwa village in Western Kenya，is making headlines worldwide for his creative hand washing machine.The young boy came up with the idea after watching villagers，who do not have easy access to running water and struggle to find an effective way to wash their hands to avoid spreading and catching COVID-19.

Using the few resources he could get—wood，nails，and a bucket—Stephen designed and built a simple but functional washing station.The clever creation，which is made up of two pedals(踏板)—one to release soap and the other to release water—enables villagers to wash their hands contact-free，thus reducing the likelihood of catching the infectious disease.

“I had bought some pieces of wood to make a window frame，but when I came back home after work one day，I found that Stephen had made the machine，” his father，James，told the media.“The concept was his，and I helped tighten the machine.I’m very proud.” James credits Stephen’s building skill to the village school’s curriculum(课程)，which teaches children to construct items from a very young age.

The invention，which went viral after James posted a photo online，has made Stephen an instant celebrity in Kenya.In early June 2020，the country’s leader gave Stephen the Uzalendo Award for making significant contributions towards the nation’s fight against COVID-19.Stephen has also been promised a full scholarship to a school that can develop his creative talent，by the county governor.

Though thrilled at the unexpected fame and success，Stephen is not satisfied with what he has achieved.The young boy has already built another hand washing machine and plans on adding several more.

8．What inspired Stephen to design the hand washing machine?

A．The school project he was working on.

B．The few resources he could use in his house.

C．The difficulty the villagers had keeping their hands clean.

D．The number of the villagers getting infected with the disease.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，村民们洗手不便，激发了斯蒂芬设计洗手机的灵感。故选C。

9．What’s the original function of the pieces of wood?

A．To make the frame of a window.

B．To start a fire to cook meals.

C．To create two pedals of a machine.

D．To construct a hand washing machine.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，木块最初是父亲用来做窗户的框架的。故选A。

10．What does the underlined phrase “went viral” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．Spread rapidly.

B．Disappeared suddenly.

C．Improved immediately.

D．Matured gradually.

答案　A

解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句可知，这项发明使斯蒂芬在肯尼亚一夜成名，在詹姆斯在网上发布了一张照片后便迅速传播开来。由此可知，画线短语意为“迅速传播”。故选A。

11．What can we learn from Stephen’s story?

A．A good fame is better than anything.

B．Many hands make light work.

C．A small child can make a big difference.

D．Failure is the mother of success.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文报道了9岁的男孩发明了洗手机爆红网络，但他并不满足自己的成功，又造了一台洗手机并且打算再造几台。由此可推知，一个小孩也可以有很大的影响。故选C。

D

(2021·湖南百校联考)

A new study published this week in the journal Nature Communications has concluded that a 100 percent change to organic(有机的) food production in England and Wales would actually lead to a great increase in greenhouse gas emissions(排放)．In turn，this would contribute to further climate change.

Although organic farming directly pours out fewer emissions than conventional farming—around 20 percent lower for crops and 4 percent for farm animals—it produces notably less food.As to this study’s findings，total organic agriculture in England and Wales would produce 40 percent less food.With less food in the market，the countries would need to increase food imports，which would produce more global greenhouse gas emissions.

Organic farming also increases the amount of absorbing carbon，a process where carbon dioxide (CO2) is “absorbed” out of the atmosphere and captured by plants and stored in the soil.However，even a total change to organic farming would only be equal to a tiny part of the higher emissions from overseas land use.

“We predict a drop in total food production of 40 percent under a fully organic farming process，compared to conventional farming，if we keep to the same national diet，” Dr Adrian Williams，lead author and reader in Agri-Environmental Systems at Cranfield University，said in a statement.“This results from lower crop quantity，because output is limited by a lower supply of nitrogen，which is mainly from other crops or solid waste from cattle on the grassland.”

Nevertheless，it is important to note that organic farming still holds some useful benefits for the environment，such as reducing exposure to chemicals and improving the varieties of creatures.In conclusion，the study suggests that organic farming will continue to play a key role in resolving the world’s environmental problems.However，it’s just one part of a much wider solution.

12．What will total organic agriculture bring to England?

A．More main food.

B．More species of crops.

C．More food imports.

D．More fresh oxygen.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句的内容可知，根据这项研究的发现，英格兰和威尔士的有机农业将使粮食产量减少40%。由于市场上的粮食减少，这些国家将需要增加粮食进口，这将产生更多的全球温室气体排放。由此可知，有机农业会让英国粮食产量减少，从而使进口的粮食量增多。故选C。

13．How does organic farming increase the amount of absorbing carbon?

A．By changing CO2.

B．By taking in CO2.

C．By giving off CO2.

D．By producing CO2.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，有机农业还增加了二氧化碳的吸收量，即二氧化碳从大气中被“吸收”，被植物吸收并储存在土壤中。故选B。

14．What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．The ways to reduce organic farming.

B．The results caused by organic farming.

C．The solution to the environment problems.

D．The advantages of organic farming.

答案　D

解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，该段讲述的是有机农业仍然对环境有一些好处。故选D。

15．Which of the following is the best title of the text?

A．Organic Farming，Green food

B．Organic Farming，Our Hope in Future

C．Organic Farming，a Mistake We Made

D．Organic Farming，a Double-edged Sword

答案　D

解析　标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了有机农业存在的弊端和优点。故选项D最适合作本文的标题。故选D。

Ⅱ.七选五

(2021·江苏镇江八校联考)

Are leaders born or made? Many leaders throughout history—such as Gandhi，Churchill，Napoleon，and Martin Luther King—seem to have a special quality that made them powerful and persuasive.We can identify that quality as charisma，but can we explain it?

Charisma means a natural ability to attract other people and make them admire you.It is a complex mixture of social and emotional(情感的) skills.  1   Richard Wiseman，a famous psychologist，points out that there are three key qualities of a charismatic person：They feel their own emotions strongly; they inspire strong emotions in other people; and they are unaffected by the influences of other charismatic people.

You needn’t worry if you don’t have these qualities.  2   Wiseman says that when you come upon someone who is charismatic，you can copy his or her body language and facial expressions without realizing it.This is called mirroring，and it works partly because people’s behavior influences their emotions.  3   He proves his point by giving the example of smiling back at someone who smiled at you.Your smiling back suggests that you accept the goodwill from the other person and hope to give it back to him.

  4   For example，if you stand up straight and raise your chest，you are more likely to feel confident and inspire others to feel confidence in you.Another expert says that the most charismatic people are usually good listeners.They give others the impression of being focused and modest.

Charisma plays a large part in success because it is linked to self-confidence.  5 

One successful leadership coach points out that you need to come by your skills and techniques naturally，she warns—if the personality you project is not real，you may come across as insincere.

A．This type of physical presence can be used to great effect.

B．Today there is growing evidence that charisma can be learned.

C．Charismatic persons should be active and sensitive to their surroundings.

D．It needs to be recognized that charisma is more than just being optimistic.

E．It helps to make strong personal connections and communicate effectively with others.

F．But it is worth noting that charisma can’t be a pretended ability although it can be learned.

G．He adds you’re unaware of picking up others’ gestures，but you know it makes you feel good.

1．答案　E

解析　根据上句得知，魅力意味着一种自然的能力，吸引别人并使他们崇拜你，这是一种复杂的社会和情感技能的混合体。由此可知，这里在描述魅力的优势，接下来要继续陈述它的优点，选项E “它有助于建立强有力的人际关系并与他人有效沟通”符合上下文语境。故选E。

2．答案　B

解析　根据空格下句可知，怀斯曼说，当你遇到一个有魅力的人时，你可以下意识地模仿他或她的肢体语言和面部表情。由此可知，魅力是可以模仿的。copy和learn是近义词。故B选项“如今，越来越多的证据表明，魅力是可以习得的”符合上下文语境。故选B。

3．答案　G

解析　根据上句可知，这被称为镜像，它能起作用主要是因为人们的行为影响了他们的情绪。再根据空格下句得知，他通过给一个对你微笑的人微笑，证明了他的观点。由此可知，本句是在说明人们的行为会影响他们的情绪，即虽然你没有意识到别人的姿势，但你知道这会让你感觉良好。故选G。

4．答案　A

解析　根据下句可知，如果你站直了，抬起你的胸膛，你就更有可能感到自信，并激励他人对你有信心。此空位于句首，在总结这种姿势的积极效果。故选A。

5．答案　F

解析　根据上句得知，魅力在成功中起着很大的作用，因为它与自信有关。再根据下段内容可知，一位成功的教练指出，你需要自然地掌握自己的技能和技巧。由此可知，魅力不可能是一种假装的能力，尽管它是可以习得的。故选F。