1.05 介词(含PPT)-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清(通用版)

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介词重难知识点复习
介词是一种“媒介”，是表示句中某一个词或短语与另一个词或短语的关系的词。在英语中介词的功能十分强大，介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，而是用来表示名词或代词等和句中其他词之间的关系，通常放在名词或代词之前，构成介词短语。
(一) 介词短语的功能1. 用作表语Mr. Smith is still in bed. 史密斯先生还在睡觉。Dinner was at one o’clock. 一点钟开晚饭。2. 用作状语The children are playing by the river. 孩子们在河边玩。They often talk in English after class. 他们经常在课后用英语交谈。
3. 用作定语（介词短语作定语时必须置于被修饰名词之后。）The woman in the room is his wife. 房间里的那个女人是他的妻子。China is a country with a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。4. 用作宾语补足语We found her in tears. 我们发现她在哭泣。The cold kept him in bed for three days. 这次感冒让他卧床三天。
（二）介词的宾语1. 名词作介宾We often play football in the afternoon. 我们经常在下午踢足球。 2. 代词作介宾（作介宾的代词用宾格）No one knows except you and me. 除了你和我之外，没有人知道这件事。3. 动名词作介宾Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮了我的忙。
4. 介词短语作介宾A man came out from behind the door.一个人从门后出来。5. “疑问词＋不定式”作介宾They failed to agree on where to spend their holidays.到哪里度假他们无法取得一致意见。6. 从句作介宾 I quite agree with what you said. 我很赞成你所说的话。
（三）常用介词的基本意义1.表时间的常用介词
2. 表地点的常用介词
3. 表示方式的常用介词
模拟演练1. I go to school _____ bus every morning.A. in B. on C. at D. by【解析】选D。by + 交通工具，表示“乘坐……”且by与交通工具之间不加任何词。此外如用介词on应该加上冠词the，即“on the bus”。故选D。
2.—I joined the League _____ May, 2009. What about you? —I’ve been a League member _____ three years.A. in; for B. on; in C. on; for D. in; since【解析】选A。考查时间介词的用法。“May, 2009” 意思为“2009年5月”，故应选介词“in”；由答语“我是团员已经3年了”可知，此处应是“for +一段时间”，故选A。
3. We couldn’t finish our work so early _____ your help.A. without      B. with      C. for   D. By【解析】选A。句意：没有你的帮助我们不能这么早完成我们的工作。without“没有”，是否定介词。4. Shanghai Disneyland has started to be built and it will be open _____ five years.A. in B. for C. from D. before【解析】选A。“in+一段时间”用于一般将来时。
5. John is standing _____ Gina and Jim.A. at B. during C. between D. in【解析】选C。句意：约翰正站在吉娜和吉姆之间。between…and为固定搭配，意为“在……(两者）之间”。故选C。6.—Your sweater looks nice, is it made of wool? —Yes, and it’s made _____ Shanghai.A. by B. in C. for D. from【解析】选B。 “be made in+地点”意为“某地制造”。
7.—Why are you standing there, Maggie? —I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting _____ me.A. behind B. in front of C. beside D. after【解析】选B。behind“在……后面”；in front of“在……前面”；beside“在……旁边”。由题意可知答案选B。8. Bonnie looks very smart and is always _____ pink because pink is her favourite colour.A. with B. on C. about D. in【解析】选D。“in+颜色”表示穿着一件某种颜色的衣服。故选D。
9.—What does your English teacher look like? — She’s tall and thin _____ long hair.A. have B. has C. there is D. with【解析】选D。with在此意为“带着；具有”。10.—How do you study for a test? — _____ working with friends.A. By B. With C. On D. For【解析】选A。by+ v.-ing意为“通过某种方式”。
11. The moonlight goes _____ the window and makes the room bright. A. across B. through C. over D. in【解析】选B 。句意：月光穿过窗户并使房间明亮。across是从事物的表面穿过；through是从物体的内部穿过；over强调从上面越过。故选B。12.— I think drinking milk is good _____ our health. —Yes, I agree _____ you. A. with; to B. to ; to C. at; with D. for; with【解析】选D。be good for“对……有好处”；agree with sb.“同意某人”。故答案为D。
13. We’ll have dinner at Qianxilong Restaurant, which is famous _____ its seafood. A. of B. to C. for D. as【解析】选C。be famous for “以……而著/闻名”。14.—Who else do you know at the party _____ Jim and Tom?  —Lucy and Lily. A. in B. next C. among D. besides【解析】选D。——句意：你知道在晚会上除吉姆与汤姆之外的其他的人是谁？——是露西与莉莉。besides “除……之外”，故选D。
15. I wrote _____ my brother last Saturday, but I haven’t heard _____ him up to now. A. from; to B. to; of C. to; to D. to ; from【解析】选D。write to sb.“给某人写信”；hear from“收到某人的信”。故选D。