【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题01《动词之谓语动词（时态和语态）》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用）

这是一份【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题01《动词之谓语动词（时态和语态）》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用），共15页。

专题01 动词之谓语动词（时态和语态）
（解析版）
三年真题
1. 【2022·全国乙卷】The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ______ (address) the opening ceremony.
1．addressed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
2. 【2022·全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents.
2. has walked
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
3. 【2022·浙江】 But Cobb and others are now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ______（change）their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
3. changing
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。
4. 【2022·浙江】...many of them climate scientists ________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
4．have promised
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。
5. 【2021·全国甲卷】We ____ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
5．hired
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
6. 【2021·北京】There ________(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years.
6．has been
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
7. 【2021·北京】As it _______ (connect) things，your brain turns them into a story,and you get a dream．
7．connects
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词turns可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。
8. 【2021·浙江】And a BMI of between 19 and 25 _______ (consider) healthy.
8. is considered
【解析】考查动词被动语态。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系，故填is considered。
9. 【2021·浙江】The little home （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh.
9．was painted
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
10. 【2021·浙江】After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ________ （sell）most of their furniture.
10．sold
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
11. 【2021·天津】We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
11. A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句“now let's take a break.”可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。
12. 【2021·天津】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
12. D
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。
13. 【2021·天津】Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.
A．delivered B．will be delivering
C．was delivering D．has been delivering
13. B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：大家晚上好，金教授马上要发表演讲，但（开始之前）让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment（立即，即将，一会儿）的提示，可知教授的演讲还未开始，用将来时态（一般将来时或将来进行时），仅有B符合题意，是将来进行时的结构，故选B。
14. 【2021·天津】—The machine is working again！
—Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________.
A．has been fixed B．is being fixed
C．had been fixed D．would be fixed
14. A
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：机器又运转了！是的，昨天机器出故障了，但已经被修好了。通过分析语境可知，此处使用现在完成时，表示截至目前已经完成的动作。故选A项。
15. 【2020·天津】—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
A．have been practising B．was practising
C．would practise D．had practised
15. A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:-你游泳很棒。-谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。
16. 【2020·天津】The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since.
A．are remaining B．have remained
C．is remaining D．has remained
16. D
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。
17. 【2020·江苏】If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ______ everyone.
A．suit B．suited C．suits D．has suited
17. C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
18. 【2020·江苏】Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A．had expected B．have expected C．would expect D．expect
18. A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故选A。
19. 【2020·全国I卷】The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _____ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
19. touched
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
20.【2020·全国III卷】When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___211___ (point) down the river.
20．pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
21. 【2020·北京】Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food______(play) a big role in his life.
21．plays/has played/is playing/has been playing
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
22. 【2020·北京】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they______(throw) away.
22．are thrown
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they（Single-use plastic bags ）和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。
23. 【2020·北京】The Neanderthals______（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago.
23．lived/had lived/had been living
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。
24. 【2020·浙江】The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950______(be)30-today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050.
24．was
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁，今天是41岁，预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时，且主语为The median age of an American，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。
25. 【2020·浙江】The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large_____(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes older than before.
25. compared
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。短语be compared to“与……相比；与某事相提并论”，故填compared。
26. 【2020·浙江】And，as more children were born，more food ______(need).
26. was needed
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
27. 【2020·浙江】By about 6000 BC，people ____ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
27. had discovered
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
28. 【2020·浙江】New methods _________ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
28. meant
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
考频统计
在2020-2022年三年高考真题中，动词时态和语态的考查频率统计如下：
时态
语态
考频
出处
一般过去时
主动
7次
【2022·全国乙卷】【2021·全国甲卷】【2021·浙江】
【2020·全国I卷】【2020·全国III卷】【2020·浙江】
被动
3次
【2021·浙江】【2020·北京】【2020·浙江】
现在完成时
主动
6次
【2022·全国甲卷】【2022·浙江】【2021·北京】
【2021·天津】【2020·天津】【2020·北京】
被动
1次
【2021·天津】
一般现在时
主动
3次
【2021·北京】【2020·江苏】【2020·北京】
被动
3次
【2021·浙江】【2020·北京】【2020·浙江】
过去完成时
主动
2次
【2020·江苏】【2020·浙江】
被动
1次
【2020·北京】
现在进行时
主动
2次
【2022·浙江】【2020·北京】
被动
1次
【2021·天津】
现在完成进行时
主动
2次
【2020·天津】【2020·北京】
将来进行时
主动
1次
【2020·北京】
考点清单
一、必备动词时态语态一览表

一般过去时
一般现在时
一般将来时
过去将来时
主
did
do/ does
shall/will do
should/ would do
被
was/were done
am/is/are done
shall/will be done
should/ would be done

过去完成时
现在完成时
将来完成时
过去完成进行时
主
had done
have/has done
shall/will have done
had been doing
被
had been done
have/has been done
shall/will have been done


过去进行时
现在进行时
将来进行时
现在完成进行时
主
was/were doing
am/is/ are doing
shall/ will be doing
have/has been doing
被
was/were being done
am/is/are being done
shall/ will be being done

二、动词时态的基本用法

具体用法
例句
时间状语
一般过去时
1)过去的动作/状态
2)过去经常/反复的动作/状态
3)在时间/条件状语从句中代替过去将来时
1-3
1) yesterday, just now, last night, the other day, five years ago, in 1999等
2) often, sometimes, every day等
一般现在时
1)经常/反复/习惯的动作
2)现在状态/特征
3)客观真理
4)在时间/条件状语从句中代替一般将来时（主将从现）
5)表示按时刻表发生的动作
4-8
usually, often, sometimes, every day等，表示反复发生的词语
一般将来时
将来的动作/状态
9
tomorrow, next week, some day, in the future等将来时间
过去将来时
从过去看，将来的动作/状态
10
the next day, in a week等将来或相对于过去的将来时间
过去完成时
1)过去的过去
2)过去持续到另一个过去
3)hope, expect, mean, intend, want, suppose的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图
11-13
already, just, before, by( the end of...), for,until等
现在完成时
1)过去发生影响现在（瞬间动词）
2)过去持续到现在（延续性动词）
注意：瞬间动词用于现在完成时一般不与一段时间状语连用，若连用时，需将瞬间动词变成延续性动词
14-15
already, yet, just, ever, never, recently, lately, in the last(past) 2 years, up to now, so far, for..., since...等
将来完成时
在将来之前完成的动作，并往往对将来产生影响
16
by+将来时间
过去进行时
过去特定时刻/某段时间正在进行的动作
17-18
at that time/moment, at this time, at 8 yesterday, when/while+从句等
现在进行时
1)现在/现阶段正在进行的动作
2)与always/constantly连用表示反复发生，有褒/贬情感
19-20
now, these days, at present, right now等
将来进行时
1)将来正在进行的动作
2)常表示已安排好的事
21-22
this time tomorrow
过去完成进行时
从过去开始，一直持续到过去另一个时间，而且还在进行
23

现在完成进行时
从过去开始，一直持续到现在，而且还在进行
24
all day, all night, the whole morning
例句：
1. He went to Beijing last year.
2. She often came to help me at that time.
3. They said they would let me know as soon as they got there.
4. We study English every day.
5. The dictionary belongs to me.
6. The moon goes around the earth.
7. I will not go to the countryside if it rains tomorrow.
8. The plane takes off at three sharp.
9. We shall/will have a test tomorrow.
10. She said her mother would come to see her.
11. When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
12. The doctor had worked for 8 hours by 11 last night.
13. I had intended to speak, but time did not permit.
14. I have left my keys in the flat. I can’t enter now.
15. They have sat there since they got home.
16. They will have graduated from senior high school by June next year.
17. I was watching TV when he came in.
18. We were discussing the plan the whole morning.
19. The boys are playing football now.
20. You are always thinking about others.
21. They will be meeting us at the station.
22. I’ll be getting in touch with you as soon as I get there.
23. He had been studying here before he went abroad.
24. She is tired. She has been typing letters all day.
总结：
概括起来说，
一般时态用来叙述一个单纯的事实；
完成时态表达动作已完成。它本身跨两个时间，动作发生在前一个时间，但说话人的兴趣一般在后一个时间；
进行时态表示动作在一定时间内进行。
完成进行时态兼有完成和进行两方面的特点。
三、固定句型中的时态
“这是某人第一次做某事”
This is the first time that I have travelled abroad.
This was the first time that I had travelled abroad.
“曾经一度”
There was a time when girls weren’t allowed to go to school.
“是时候做某事”
It is (high) time that we should take action.
It is (high) time that we took action.
“一......就......”
Hardly had we arrived home when it rained.
No sooner had we arrived home than it rained.
when表“突然......”
I was about to leave when it rained.
Tom was holidaying with his family in a wildlife park when he was bitten on the leg by a lion.
“自从......已经多久了”
It has been 3 years since I met her last time.
四、易混时态对比
4.1 一般过去时VS现在完成时
一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态，与现在情况无关，时间状语为单纯的过去时间。
e.g.: I finished my homework this morning.
现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响或结果，或持续到现在。
e.g.: I have finished my homework already. I can have a rest now.
4.2 现在完成时VS过去完成时
二者的动作均开始于过去，但动作的截止时间不同，截止到现在用现在完成时，截止到过去用过去完成时。
e.g.: 1) Have you already posted the photos?
2) The meeting had begun when we got there.
4.3 现在完成时VS现在完成进行时
现在完成时强调动作的结果。
e.g.: See, what you have done.
现在完成进行时表示动作“还在进行”，强调动作的持续性。
e.g.: I have been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up.
五、被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，各种时态的被动语态详情见上表（必备动词时态语态一览表）。
1. 被动语态的用法
1) 动作的执行者不明确、不宜说出或没必要说出时，常用被动语态。
English has been accepted widely in China.
2) 强调或突出动作的承受者：当强调动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话的中心时用被动语态。这
类句子常有一个by引导的短语说明动作的执行者，有时也可没有。
This poem was written by Whitman.
The woman was taken to hospital.
3) 动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰，常用被动语态。
The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.
2. 主动形式表示被动意义的情况
1) 某些连系动词，如look, feel, sound, taste, smell, appear, seem, prove等，可用主动形式表示被动意义。
The trip to the beautiful island this summer sounds really exciting. 。
His plan proved (to be) practical.
2) 有一类经常用作及物动词的词，如burn, wash, wear, close, read, write, sell, open, lock, shut,clean, draw, cut, translate等, 用于强调事物本身的特点、特征、性能等，常用主动形式表被动含义。（to blame, to let等也用主动形式表被动含义）
The pen writes smoothly.
Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.
3) be worth后常接动名词的主动形式表被动意义。
A lot of small towns in the area are definitely worth visiting.
4) need, want, require, deserve等动词后用动名词的主动形式表被动意义。
（句中主语是动名词意义上的宾语。若动名词是不及物的，其后应加相应的介词。
Most house plants require regular watering.
The boy is always ready to help others and deserves making friends with.
5) 有些形容词后接不定式作状语时，常用主动形式表被动意义。此类形容词有easy, hard,
difficult, cheap, expensive, fit, nice, good, funny, exciting, light, heavy, dangerous, comfortable,delicious等.若不定式动词是不及物的，其后要加相应多的介词。
The man is difficult to deal with.
6) 有些介词短语作表语，其主动形式含有被动意义。
under construction 在施工中 beyond belief 令人难以置信
beyond one's reach 鞭长莫及 beyond one's control 失控
beyond our hope 我们始料不及 for sale 出售for rent 出租 in print 在印刷中
The question is now under discussion.
The rumor is beyond belief. ( can't be believed).
3. 不用于被动语态的情形
系动词、不及物动词（短语）无被动语态，常见的有appear, disappear, die, end (vi. 结束）,fail, happen, take place, break out, occur, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, come true, fall asleep,keep silence, lose heart等。
The meeting lasted five hours before it ended.
不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，主要有have, wish, cost, date back to, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, take part in, walk into/enter, belong to等。
4. 被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别
被动语态着眼于“动作”，其主语是动作的对象；而“系表结构”则说明主语的“身份”“特征”或“状态”等。
e.g.: The cup on the table was broken by my younger brother. （被动语态）
The cup on the table was broken. （系表结构）
常见的系表结构有：be seated, be lost, be drunk, be dressed, be devoted, be determined, be worried, be located, be exposed , be involved
变式练习
基础练
1. The Edinburgh International Book Festival (take) place every year in Charlotte Square in the center of Edinburgh.
2. When I was in primary school, I ( perform) poorly in tests but my father always encouraged me.
3. One day, she______( wake) up and found a flying carpet which took her to many places to
4. Since the start of Reform and Opening-up, Shenzhen (grow) from a small fishing village to a modern city.
5. Born in Hangzhou, Mr. Ma ( begin) his career as an English teacher before he became one of the billionaires.
6. Choosing a career is important because most of the time in our lives (spend) at work.
7. On the Spring Festival and over the following two weeks, streets and houses (decorate) with many things of red color in China.
8. I have been digging all day as an archaeology student from England since I (select).
9. In the last few years, China (make) great achievements in environmental protection.
10. It is time that we (take) measures to stop pollution.
参考答案：
1. takes 2. performed 3. woke 4.has grown 5. had begun
6. is spent 7. are decorated 8. was selected 9. has made 10. took/should take
提升练
1. I (walk) along the river, when I heard a drowning boy crying for help.
2. Besides high-speed rail, China (improve )people's lives in many other innovative (创新的) ways
over the last decade.
3. I (read) the book you lent me but I haven’t finished it yet.
4. You are having breakfast with your family. Your daughter knocks over a cup of coffee onto your business shirt. What happens next (determine) by how you react.
5. Since ancient times, customs of the Mid-Autumn Festival ( include) appreciating the moon,
eating moon cakes and drinking wine.
6. If your kids say they have to skip chores because it's time they (deal) with their homework,
you'd better not let them off the hook.
7. After college I wanted to make a difference in the world, so I became a volunteer teacher and (send) to Namibia.
8. The symptoms of COVID-19 (be) similar to what those people experienced when suffering from the flu.
9. There was once a Chinese man in the USA who (accuse) after he used a certain form of TCM treatment to cure his grandson’s disease.
10. Don’t call Mr. Wang at nine tomorrow. He (listen) to a lecture on the reform of the college entrance examination.
参考答案：
1. was walking 2. has improved 3. have been reading 4. will be determined 5. have included
6. dealt 7. was sent 8. are 9. was accused 10. will be listening