(通用版)高考英语三轮冲刺课件专题一　语法填空 (含答案)

这是一份(通用版)高考英语三轮冲刺课件专题一　语法填空 (含答案)，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了篇章分析，考点分析，解题步骤，考点一，考点二，考点三，考点四，考点五，考点六，考点七等内容，欢迎下载使用。

专题一　语法填空
篇章分析
考点分析
解题步骤
篇章分析
考点分析
解题步骤
篇章分析
考点分析
解题步骤
篇章分析
考点分析
解题步骤
篇章分析
考点分析
解题步骤
Step 1　浏览全文,把握大意快速浏览全文,关注语篇的层次和主题,把握文章大意和作者的写作意图,明确文章的总体时态。语法填空不是见空填空,要把所填词放在句中、句际、段际去综合考虑,尤其是无提示词的空。此外,抓住语篇的文脉,明晰语篇中“词汇+语法”是如何衔接与连贯的,了解作者的预先设定和布局谋篇的思想。Step 2　讲究策略,分类击破1.据搭配,知答案熟记词语的搭配。根据搭配,可以比较容易地在文章中找出隐藏的提示。此外,一些固定的句式结构也可以帮助考生直接锁定答案。
篇章分析
考点分析
解题步骤
2.析成分,定词性(1)作表语(系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或补语(表性质状态)时,通常用形容词。(2)修饰形容词或动词,作状语,用副词。(3)提示词是形容词或副词,空前或空后若是有表示比较等级的标志词,则用所给词的比较级或最高级形式。(4)在指示代词、形容词性物主代词或者“冠词(+形容词)”后,用名词。(5)作主语,或在及物动词、介词后作宾语,前面有形容词修饰,通常填名词,注意单复数形式。(6)需要根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系判断的,有可能是词义转换题。词性不一定要变,有可能考查与词根意义相反的派生词,需要在词根前加un-,im-,in-等前缀,或在词根后加-less等后缀。
篇章分析
考点分析
解题步骤
3.依语法,定答案(1)由特殊的句式结构来判断空白处应填的词。①若结构较完整,并且空白后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,则很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,does,did等)。②由倒装句式判断,可能填构成倒装条件的only,so,neither,no,never,hardly,seldom,not until,had等。由It is...that/who...强调结构判断,可能填that或who。还有其他固定结构,如so/such...that...,either...or...,neither...nor...等。③由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断空白处是否填it。④由“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构判断是否填比较级。
篇章分析
考点分析
解题步骤
(2)如果句子不缺主语或表语,动词后又不缺宾语,则在名词或代词前面填介词。(3)若空白后为形容词的最高级,则很可能是填定冠词。(4)名词前面若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词),则很可能是填限定词。(5)如果空白处所在的句子是一个主从复合句,可能需要填写关联词。Step 3　重读全文,仔细核查做完题后,将全文仔细审读一遍,在确保文章意义通顺的前提下,检查所填词语的形式是否正确,复查:拼写、书写、大小写。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
有提示词类必考点——谓语动词【阅卷寄语】1.提示词为动词时,首先判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态。2.辨清主语和附加成分,解决主谓一致问题主语的确认并不难,一般来讲谓语动词前的名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或句子均可以作主语。但是,一定要注意附加成分的干扰。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(一)动词的时态典题感悟1.(2019全国Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 　　　　　(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements... 答案:have reported解析:考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填have reported。2.(2019全国Ⅱ)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene 　(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 答案:declared解析:考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文had可知,此处讲的是过去的事,用一般过去时态,故填declared。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.(2019全国Ⅱ)I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 　　　　　(make) over the years. 答案:have made解析:考查动词时态。根据其后的定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知,此处用现在完成时态,句意:我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。4.(2019浙江)One study in America found that students’ grades 　62　 (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 答案:improved解析:考查时态。句意:美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服后,学生的成绩有所提高。after引导时间状语从句,主从句时态要保持一致,主句使用了一般过去时,从句也用一般过去时。故填improved。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.(2019天津改编)I 　　　　　(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I couldn’t manage it. 答案:had hoped解析:考查过去完成时。句意:我本来希望送给Peter一个礼物祝贺他结婚的,可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时,它之前的动作用过去完成时。6.(2019北京)On the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.I 　　　　　(voice)my biggest concern to my mother,“How will I make friends?” 答案:voiced解析:考查时态。后一句句意:我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧,“我将如何交朋友?”此处的voice是动词“表达”的意思,作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情,用一般过去时。故填voiced。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
7.(2019北京)Does the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question 　　　　　(suggest) that,for most students,it doesn’t. 答案:suggests/suggested/has suggested解析:考查时态。后句句意:对于这个问题的研究表明,对于大多数学生来说,它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果,所以用一般现在时,一般过去时或现在完成时均可,故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。8.(2019江苏改编)A few months after he had arrived in China,Mr.Smith 　　(fall) in love with the people and culture there. 答案:fell　解析:考查时态。句意:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后,所以应用一般过去时。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
9.(2019全国Ⅲ)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 　　　　　(recommend) wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit. 答案:recommended解析:考查一般过去时。and前后两个动作shared与recommended是并列关系,时态一致。故填recommended。10.(2018全国Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since 2011,the country 　　　　　(grow) more corn than rice. 答案:has grown　解析:由Since 2011“自2011年以来”可知,此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间开始,一直持续到现在,故用现在完成时,且主语the country 是单数名词。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
11.It was the first time in a year and a half that I 　　　　　(see) the night face to face... 答案:had seen　解析: This/It/That is the first/second/third...time that...表示“这/那是(某人)第一/二/三/……次做某事”,that从句中要用现在完成时。12.(2017浙江)Pahlsson and her husband 　　　　　(search) the kitchen,checking every corner,but turned up nothing. 答案:searched解析:该句的主语为“Pahlsson and her husband”,宾语为“the kitchen”,也就是说,设空处在句中作谓语。这里指的是16年前钻戒不见了后发生的动作,所以用一般过去时。句意为:Pahlsson和她丈夫找遍了厨房,查找了每一个角落,但是什么也没找到。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法1.精准记辨标志词(1)有表示过去某一具体时间的时间状语,如yesterday,last month,just now,the other day,three days ago,the other day等,要用一般过去时。(2)看到lately,recently,so far,by now,up to now,in/during/over the past/last few days等用现在完成时。(3)看到“since+时间点”或“for+时间段”等,首先考虑现在完成时。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(4)见到always,often,usually,sometimes,never,frequently,on Sundays,every day/week/month/year,once/twice a week,monthly,“every+基数词+可数名词复数”,yearly等,首先考虑一般现在时。(5)It (This) is the best (worst,most interesting等)+名词+从句,从句中的谓语用现在完成时。(6)看到时间状语“at this/that time+过去时间”,all day yesterday,“at...o’clock+过去时间”等常用过去进行时。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法2.巧用主从时态呼应遇到涉及主、从句的时态空格时,要充分考虑主句和从句的关系、动作发生的先后以及句法规则确定答案。在条件、时间、方式、让步等状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时,一般过去时代替过去将来时。见到if,unless引导的条件状语从句中,由when,before,until/till,as soon as,the moment,once引导的时间状语从句中,以及由no matter what/who/which/when/where/how或whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however引导的让步状语从句,首先考虑一般现在时。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法3.熟记固定句式定时态掌握固定句式是准确解决时态问题的最高效的方法之一,因此对于一些高频句式要做到精准记忆。(1)“was/were doing sth.+when+一般过去时”表示“正在做某事,就在这时突然……”。(2)“It is/has been+时间段+since...”表示“自从……以来已经有多久了……”。(3)It is time that sb.did sth.表示“该做……了”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(4)“It is/has been+一段时间+since...did sth.”表示“自从做某事已经一段时间了”。(5)would/had rather sb.did sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”。(6)“It/This/That is the first/second/...time that+主语+现在完成时...”表示“这是某人第一/二/……次……”。(7)“It/This/That was the first/second/...time that+主语+过去完成时...”表示“这是某人第一/二/……次……”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法4.上下文中找线索(1)瞻前顾后找并列表示并列关系的谓语动词往往时态一致,如:and,but,not only...but also连接的句子时态相呼应,应该一致。(2)细心体会辨语境语法填空中有些题目在时间状语和连接成分不大明显的情况下,可以通过语境的理解和把握来确定答案。状元笔记动作时间记心怀,过去现在与将来,又分进行与完成,一般情形属现在。时间状语是指南,平行谓语两边排。逻辑关系思在前,主动被动意当先,及不及物看词性,最后再把时态关。固定句型时态“死”,分析到位零失误。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(二)动词的语态典题感悟1.(2019天津改编)Amy,as well as her brothers,　　　　　 (give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 答案:was given　解析:句意:当艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村里时,受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时。主语+as well as+名词作主语时,谓语动词与其前的主语保持一致。这句话真正的主语是Amy,她受到热烈欢迎,所以用过去时的被动。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
2.(2019全国Ⅲ)On the last day of our week-long stay,we 　　　　　(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 答案:were invited解析:考查一般过去时的被动语态。此处表示我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会,由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,用被动语态。主语为we,故填were invited。3.(2018浙江)I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 　　　　　(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. 答案:was shocked解析:考查时态和语态。此处表示我被震惊了。shock的主语是I,两者关系是被动,动作发生在过去。故填was shocked。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.(2017全国Ⅰ)When fat and salt 　　　　　(remove) from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something. 答案:are moved解析:句意:当脂肪和盐被从食物中去掉之后,食物尝起来就好像失去了什么一样。根据句意可知这里fat and salt和动词remove之间为动宾关系;由主句的时态可知,此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。5.(2017全国Ⅲ)Sarah　　　　　 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year.Her father Peter,44,wants her to give up school to model fulltime. 答案:has been told/was told解析:句意:Sarah被告知,她能够成为英国新的超级名模,在新的一年收入一百万美元。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,tell与主语Sarah之间是动宾关系,所以要用被动语态,故填was told。此处也可用现在完成时的被动语态,强调对现在造成的影响。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
6.(2016全国Ⅰ)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.I 　　　　　(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 答案:was allowed解析:分析句子结构可知,空格所在的句中没有谓语动词,故空处应填谓语动词。前句的谓语动词是was,根据时态一致的原则,后句的时态也应用一般过去时;I与allow之间为动宾关系,即“我被允许接近这些可爱的动物”,应用一般过去时的被动语态。7.Looking out of the window my mother complained to us about the irresponsible and cruel person,who had just thrown a dog.We 　　　　　(tell) to stay away from the dog as we could not afford it. 答案:were told解析:我们被告知要离狗远一点,此处为被动形式,且文章为一般过去时。故填were told。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
8.After the fire,I would bake brownies and (1)　　　　　(take) them down to the fire station with our daughter.We (2)　　　　　(be) friends all these years.It has been quite a while since I have baked for them,and today was the perfect opportunity! As I walked into the firehouse,I (3)　　　　　(greet) by a firefighter with the warmest smile. 答案与解析:(1)take　此处考查动词时态。根据句中的and,可知would bake与空白处是并列的。(2)have been　此处考查动词时态。根据句中的all these years可知用现在完成时。(3)was greeted　此处考查动词的时态和语态。根据前面的As I walked into the firehouse可知是发生在过去,根据句中的by可知用被动语态。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
9.Shortly after he borrowed this book,he 　　　　　(call) to London to continue his research. 答案:was called解析:句意:他借了这本书后不久,他被叫到了伦敦继续他的研究。根据borrowed可推知设空处需用一般过去时,主语he与call为被动关系,故设空处需用一般过去时的被动语态。10.It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write 　　　　　(belong) to all people. 答案:belongs　解析:主句为It is about taking action to show the world,that引导宾语从句,其中从句的主语是the right to read and write,belong to为从句的谓语,它没有进行时和被动语态,故填belongs。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
11.My eyes 　　　　　(fill) with tears as she wiped down the table and guided my dad to the seat. 答案:were filled解析:该句主语为“My eyes”,和动词fill之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;该处陈述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。12.The giant panda 　　　　　(love) by people throughout the world. 答案:is loved解析:大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实,故用一般现在时;panda与love之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填is loved。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法1.语态问题有时做题时我们对于时态问题比较关注,但往往忽略了语态,因此我们可以采用“先语态、后时态”,再通过“逻辑关系”来解决。技法2.固定句式用语态一些固定句式中的被动语态。It is said that...　　　　 据说……It is believed that... 有人相信……It is supposed that... 据推测说……It is thought that... 人们认为……
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
状元笔记特殊动词特殊对待(1)有些动词(短语)的用法特殊,例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态;date back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。对此熟练掌握是准确解题的前提。(2)表示主语的某种属性、特征或功能的词,如read,write,sell,wash,clean,cook,catch,draw,cut,photograph,peel等,常与well,badly,easily,smoothly等副词连用,用主动形式表示被动意义。如:The shirt doesn’t wash well.这件衬衫不好洗。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(三)主谓一致典题感悟1.(2019全国Ⅰ)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six 　　　　　(be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data. 答案:are解析:考查主谓一致。根据three are declining,此处数词six作主语,代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”,故用复数谓语,一般现在时,故填are。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
2.(2019江苏改编)The musician along with his band members 　　　　　(give) ten performances in the last three months. 答案:has given解析:考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意:在过去的三个月里,这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知,这句话的时态为现在完成时,本句主语为the musician,为第三人称单数形式,句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分,故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.(2018全国Ⅰ)While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it 　　　　　(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming. 答案:is解析:根据空白处前面的can’t make和says可知,此处讲述的是客观事实,因此用is。4.(2017全国Ⅲ)Sarah says,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school 　　　　　(come) first.” 答案:comes解析:此处为陈述客观事实,故用一般现在时,且school是第三人称单数,故填comes。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.(2017全国Ⅰ)Fast food 　　　　　(be) full of fat and salt;by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 答案:is解析:此处是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时;分析句子结构可知,该句缺少谓语动词,又因主语“Fast food”是不可数名词短语,故填is。6.(2016全国Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 　　　　　(be) often acceptable. 答案:is解析:考查时态和主谓一致。单个的动名词短语Leaving...作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式,又因为文章主体时态是一般现在时,故填is。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
7.(2015全国Ⅱ)This cycle 　　　　　(go) day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消)for the outside temperatures. 答案:goes解析:此句中找不到谓语动词,所给动词应作谓语;全文层面为一般现在时态,又根据主语This cycle可知,此处应填goes。8.The teacher as well as the students 　　　　　(make)great preparations up to now. 答案:has made解析:首先,分析句子结构可知,此句缺少谓语动词;其次,根据up to now可知,应用现在完成时;此处表示“做了很多准备”,应用主动语态。但是还有一个关键的信息点“as well as”,当as well as,besides,rather than,but,along with,together with,with,except,in addition to,including等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数必须与其前的主语保持一致。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
9.Zhang Jianxing has been walking through the ancient forests of the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve for over two decades to find the wild man.He will not give up until he 　　　　　(come) face to face with the creature. 答案:comes解析:主句“He will not give up”用了一般将来时,所以until引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时,又因为主语是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词用单数形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
10.Over the last two generations in the UK and US,industrialization 　　　　　(slow) down and more people have become dissatisfied with life in urban areas. 答案:has slowed解析:根据时间状语“Over the last two generations”可知,本句时态要用现在完成时态,主语industrialization是抽象名词,谓语用单数,与谓语是主动关系。故填has slowed。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法1.固定结构定主谓一致(1)主语后跟有with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等引起的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。(就远原则)(2)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but (also)...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。(就近原则)技法2.特殊结构定一致(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数。(2)不定式、动名词或名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时,谓语动词用复数。(3)在定语从句中,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
考点集训A组　基础语篇练技法Passage 1主题语境:人与自我——人物故事　建议用时:9’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (原创)A 16-year-old Kansas boy will soon earn his high school diploma—and a few days later,he 1.　　　　　(travel) to Harvard to collect his bachelor’s degree. Ulysses High School senior Braxton Moral will attend both graduation 2.　　　　　(ceremony) in May,becoming the only student to successfully gain a four-year high school degree and a bachelor’s degree from Harvard at the same time. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
So far,Harvard 3.　　　　　(change)the rules,said Braxton’s father,Carlos Moral,so his son will be “the one and only”4.　　　　　(reach) that milestone(里程碑).Braxton will be 17 when he 5.　　　　　(get) his diplomas. The Ulysses school district 6.　　　　　(allow) him to take some high school classes while he was still in middle school.Before high school,he took a class 7.　　　　　 (offer) at Fort Hays State University.Then he was admitted into Harvard. Braxton meanwhile studied at the high school and the Harvard Extension School.The program typically serves adults 8.　　　　　 work and can’t attend classes on campus full time. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Ulysses High School math teacher Patsy Love served 9.　　　　　 the proctor(学监) for the Harvard program,administering Braxton’s tests in Kansas. “We constantly are monitoring Braxton to make sure he is not too overwhelmed(受打击的),” said Julie Moral,Braxton’s mother.“No achievement 10.　　　　　(be) worth him being unhappy.” 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。美国一名16岁男孩同时获颁高中文凭和哈佛大学学位。1.will travel　考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间a few days later和第一句中的时态will soon earn可知,本句也用一般将来时。2.ceremonies　考查名词复数。根据句中的both可知,用名词的复数形式。3.has changed　考查主谓一致和时态。根据时间状语“So far”可知,此处用现在完成时。再结合主语Harvard可知,填has changed。4.reaching　考查非谓语动词。动词-ing形式在句中作定语,修饰“the one and only”,reach与“the one and only”之间是主动关系。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.gets　考查动词的时态。主句是一般将来时,时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。6.allowed　考查谓语动词。由下文从句“while he was still in middle school.”的时态可知此处应该用一般过去时。7.offered　考查非谓语动词。过去分词作定语,表示被动;offered作class的后置定语,class与offer之间是被动关系。故用过去分词。8.who/that　考查定语从句的引导词,关系代词。adults是先行词,其后是定语从句,关系词在定语从句中作主语,指人,用引导词who或that。9.as　考查介词。根据句意及短语serve as可知,用介词as,表示“担任,充当”。10.is　考查时态和主谓一致。主语为单数可数名词achievement,这里描述的是一个事实,用is。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
B组　模拟语篇提能力Passage 2主题语境:人与社会——汉语成为俄罗斯高考选考课程建议用时:9’　实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019山东省实验中学4月质检)The national college entrance exam in Russia,Unified State Exam,will include Chinese as 1.　　　　　 elective foreign language starting from 2019.Chinese will become the fifth elective test item for the Unified State Exam 2. 　　　　　(follow)English,German,French and Spanish. The number of Chinese learners in Russia 3.　　　　　(grow) quickly in the past decade,according to a survey 4. 　　　　(conduct) by a linguistic research center in Russia. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Approaches to learning Chinese vary from person to person,5.　　　　　 more and more people choosing university courses in Russia. The three-hour-long Chinese test will quiz students on 6.　　　　　(they)listening,reading,and writing abilities and a fourth section will examine students on grammar,vocabulary and Chinese 7.　　　　　(character).Some parts in the exam are even a little bit difficult for native Chinese speakers. According to the Office of Chinese Language Council International(Hanban)7 as of 2017,some 100 million people,excluding native speakers,use Chinese 8.　　　　　(global). The United Nations(UN)in 2010 suggested a Chinese Language Day 9.　　　　　 falls on April 20 each year 10. 　　　　　(celebrate)cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all official languages. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】2019年俄罗斯高考中将新增加汉语作为外语考试科目之一,这充分体现了汉语在全球地位的不断上升。1.an　考查冠词。“一门或一种选修外语”,表泛指,由于elective以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an。2.following　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词(will become)且句中没有连词,并且follow作非谓语与其逻辑主语(Chinese)构成主谓关系,故用following。3.has grown　考查时态及主谓一致。时间状语in the past decade(在过去的10年里)为现在完成时的标志,本句需要用现在完成时;主语为The number,因此谓语动词用单数形式。4.conducted　考查非谓语动词。conduct本句中作定语,与其逻辑主语(a survey)构成被动关系,表示该调查“被进行”,因此用过去分词。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.with　考查介词。句意:学习汉语的方法因人而异,有越来越多的人选择在俄罗斯的大学课程。这里是一个独立结构作状语,因此填入介词with。6.their　考查代词。修饰名词“listening,reading,and writing abilities”作定语,用形容词性物主代词,故填their。7.characters　考查名词复数。这里表示考查汉字(Chinese characters),应该用复数形式characters。8.globally　考查副词。用副词来修饰前面的动词use作状语,故填入globally。9.which/that　考查关系代词。引导一个定语从句,代替指物的先行词“a Chinese Language Day”在句中作主语,故填入which/that。10.to celebrate　考查非谓语动词。此处as well as连接两个并列的成分,故填入动词不定式在句中作目的状语。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Passage 3主题语境:人与社会——传统文化　建议用时:9’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019福建厦门一次质检)To celebrate the Lantern Festival the Palace Museum organized its first light show in the Forbidden City.The complex,home to Chinese emperors for five 1. 　　　　　(century),was opened at night for the first time in 94 years.It was lit up with giant red lanterns and projections of ancient paintings.Masterpieces such as Along the River During the Qingming Festival were projected on the roofs,giving visitors a feeling like walking 2.　　　 time.The design team smartly combined high technology 3. 　　(light) with the principles of cultural relic preservation.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Only 3,000 people 4.　　　　　(allow) in on that day:500 people who booked their tickets online,and 2,500 5.　　　　　(invite) guests including model workers,officers,soldiers,and ambassadors. With 6.　　　　　 series of well-planned and tourist-friendly cultural activities,the Palace Museum is now on a campaign to make traditional Chinese culture more 7. 　　　　　(access) to the general public.It has set an example to other museums in our country,most of 8. 　　　　　 seem to be still living in days gone by.Hopefully,the handsome turnover will be used 9. 　　　　　(appropriate) to better protect the Forbidden City and improve 10.　　　　　(it)international image of being part of the world’s cultural heritage. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】为了庆祝元宵节,故宫博物院在紫禁城举办了它的第一次灯展。文章介绍了有关这次灯展的内容、观众、意义等内容。1.centuries　考查名词的数。century是可数名词,前面有five修饰,应用名词复数形式。2.through　考查介词。该处指“在时间中穿过”,故应填介词through。句意:《清明上河图》等名作被投射在屋顶上,让游客们有一种穿越时间的感觉。3.lighting　该空在动词combined后作宾语,且表示“照明”的意思,故应填名词lighting。句意:设计团队巧妙地将高科技照明与文物保护原则结合起来。4.were allowed　考查时态和语态。主语3,000 people和allow之间是被动关系,该句叙述的是发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时态。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.invited　考查非谓语动词。该空修饰名词guests,且guests和invite之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作定语,故填invited。6.A　考查冠词。表示“一系列的……”应用a series of...,故该空填冠词a。7.accessible　考查形容词。句意:故宫博物院正在进行一项运动,使中国传统文化更容易为公众所理解。该题考查make+n.+adj.结构,其中adj.作宾语补足语。故该空应填形容词accessible。8.which　考查关系代词。逗号后是非限制性定语从句,修饰museums,引导词在从句中作介词of的宾语,指物,应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。9.appropriately　考查副词。该空修饰动词used作状语,用副词。10.its　考查代词。修饰名词image作定语,用形容词性物主代词,故填its。句意:希望这笔可观的营业额能被适当利用,更好地保护这座紫禁城,改善其作为世界文化遗产一部分的国际形象。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
C组　真题语篇通高考Passage 4主题语境:人与自我——人物故事　建议用时:9’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019全国Ⅱ)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 1.　　　　　(be)Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,2. 　　　　　 she opened with her late husband Les.Her years of hard work have 3.　　　　　(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene 4.　　　　　(declare) she had no plans 5.　　　　　(retire) from her 36-year-old business.Irene said,“I don’t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6.　　　　　(make) over the years.I work not because I have to,7.　　　　　 because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.She said,“We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward.When we got a call 8.　　　　　(say)she was short-listed,we thought it was 9.　　　　　 joke.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.It’s 10. 　　　　　(wonder).” 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一位90岁的英国女士仍然坚持工作,被评为“年度女性”的事迹。1.being　考查非谓语动词。for是介词,后接动词时要用动词-ing形式。2.which　考查定语从句。先行词是the pet shop,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,所以填which。3.finally　考查副词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词在句中作状语,所以用副词形式。4.declared　考查时态。根据下文的“she had no plans”可知,此处讲述的是过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时。5.to retire　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,plans后接动词不定式作定语。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
6.have made　考查时态。根据句中的时间状语“over the years”可知,句子应用现在完成时。7.but　考查连词。分析句子结构可知,此处是“not...but...”结构,意为“不是……而是……”。8.saying　考查非谓语动词。call和say有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式来解释call的内容。9.A　考查冠词。joke是单数可数名词,此处是泛指,所以填a。10.wonderful　考查形容词。所填的词在句中作表语,所以用形容词形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
有提示词类必考点——非谓语动词【阅卷寄语】1.无论作谓语动词还是非谓语动词,我们都需要辨清句子的主语(或逻辑主语)和动词之间的关系问题。一般来讲,对于句子,我们主要看主语(或逻辑主语)是动作的执行者还是承受者。如果是执行者,我们就应该用主动形式;如果是承受者,则用被动形式。2.若句中已有谓语动词,且不是并列谓语时,则要考虑用非谓语动词,此时需要注意三点:一是需要用哪一种非谓语动词(一般来说,v.-ing形式表示主动、进行;v.-ed形式表示被动完成;不定式表示尚未发生的动作),二是提示词和逻辑主语的关系,三是一些和非谓语动词相关的固定结构,比如include doing...;be about to do...,be likely to do...等等。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(一)非谓语动词作状语典题感悟1.(2019全国Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 　　　　　(perform) consistently over a large area. 答案:to perform解析:考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在20世纪80年代中叶以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用to perform。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
2.(2019北京改编)Nervously 　　　　　(face) challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. 答案:facing解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。分析句式可知,此处是作句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是I,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用动词-ing形式作状语。故填facing。3.(2019江苏改编)　　　　　(enjoy) the convenience of digital payment,many senior citizens started to use smart phones. 答案:To enjoy解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。此处用不定式表目的。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.(2016全国Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots,　　　　　 (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. 答案:using解析:考查非谓语动词。use和句子主语People之间是主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式。此处用动词-ing形式作方式状语。5.(2018全国Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long 　(1)　 (see) the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 　(2)　 (die) early by running. 答案与解析:(1)to see根据句意“要见到效果,你不必快跑或长时间地跑”,to see作目的状语。(2)dying介词后应用die的动词-ing形式dying。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
6.(2018全国Ⅱ)Another reason for corn’s rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 　　　　　(improve) water quality. 答案:to improve解析:根据语境“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的,动词不定式作目的状语。7.(2017浙江)Sixteen years earlier,Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 　　　　　(cook) a meal. 答案:to cook解析:此处不定式表示“目的”,意为“去掉戒指以做饭”,故填to cook。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
8.(2018全国Ⅱ)China’s approach to protecting its environment while 　　　　　(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 答案:feeding解析:“when/while+动词-ing形式”作时间状语,相当于when/while 引导的时间状语从句。9.(2019全国Ⅲ)On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,　　 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 答案:listening解析:考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”,所以空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的,所以用动词-ing形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题,and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式,故空格处填listening。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
10.(2016,10浙江)Soon after,I was on my way to the show,　　　　　(carry) a fancy black handbag and a happy smile. 答案:carrying解析:“I was on my way to the show”是一个完整的句子,也就是说carry在句中作非谓语动词,此外carry和其逻辑主语“I(也就是句子的主语)”是主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式,作“I was on my way”的伴随状语,表主动。【变式训练】Soon after,I was on my way to the show and　　　　　 (carry) a fancy black handbag and a happy smile. 答案:carried解析:由空格前的and可知,该空和主语“I”之后的“was”是并列关系,所以应该用一般过去时。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
11.(2016全国Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 　　　　　(create) special designs. 答案:to create解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空格所在句已有谓语动词combine,且不与combine作并列谓语,故填非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语,故答案为to create。12.(2017全国Ⅲ)But Sarah,who has taken part in shows along with top models wants 　　　　　(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her education. 答案:to prove解析:考查动词不定式。此处prove是表示目的,故用动词不定式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
13.The national park has a large collection of wildlife,　　　　　 (range)from butterflies to elephants. 答案:ranging解析:考查非谓语动词。range是不及物动词,意为“(在一定幅度内)变化”,此处作解释说明的状语,表主动。故用动词-ing形式。句意:国家动物园有大量野生动物,从蝴蝶到大象都有。14.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,　　　　　 (allow) more patients to be treated. 答案:allowing解析:句意:这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备,这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。本空应用非谓语动词;动词allow与其逻辑主语(前面的整个句子)是逻辑上的主动关系,因此用动词-ing形式作结果状语。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
15.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train 　　　　　(catch). 答案:to catch解析:句意:开会期间我一直在看钟表,因为我要赶火车。have sth.to do结构表示“有某事要做”,因此这里用动词不定式作定语修饰“a train”。16.　　　　　 (make)it easier to get in touch with us,you’d better keep this card at hand. 答案:To make解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:为更容易地和我们取得联系,你最好随身带着这张名片。动词不定式短语作目的状语。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法.利用逻辑关系确定非谓语动词的形式(1)作状语表伴随、方式或结果用动词-ing形式动词-ing形式作状语,其中的动词和其逻辑主语之间形成主动关系。其结构为:
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(2)过去分词作状语①过去分词作状语表示被动的、已完成的动作。②源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语,表示句子主语所处的一种状态,常见的有:seated(坐着的),devoted(专注的),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着)等。(3)动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语,其中的动词和主句的主语之间要形成主谓关系。在句子中可以充当:①目的状语动词不定式作目的状语常用的形式:to do,so as to,in order to等。②结果状语在only/just to do结构中表示出乎意料的结果。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
③原因状语在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth.结构中作状语,表示原因。④固定结构用于too...to do,enough to do,so/such...as to do结构中。状元笔记现在分词和过去分词作状语动词-ing形式作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系;过去分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(二)非谓语动词作定语典题感悟1.(2019全国Ⅱ)When we got a call 　　　　　(say)she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke. 答案:saying解析:考查动词-ing形式作定语。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用动词-ing形式作后置定语,解释名词call的内容;call与say之间是主动关系,故填saying。2.(2019全国Ⅱ)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene declared she had no plans 　　　　　(retire) from her 36-year-old business. 答案:to retire解析:考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth.作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”,故填to retire。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time 　　　　　(spend)with his students. 答案:spent解析:考查非谓语动词。“时光”是被度过,而且这里指的是“已经被度过的时光”,故用过去分词。句意:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍然记得跟学生们一起度过的快乐时光。4.(2019北京)Earth Day,　　　 (mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. 答案:marked解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:地球日于4月22日举行,是一项旨在提高公众的环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知,设空处是要作名词Earth Day的后置定语,且两者之间是被动关系,要用过去分词。故填marked。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.(2016四川)For 25 days,she never left her baby,not even to find something 　　　　　(eat)! 答案:to eat解析:考查非谓语动词。句意为:25天的时间,她从不离开幼崽,甚至不去找吃的东西。此处表示未发生的动作,且所修饰的名词是动词eat的承受者。故填to eat。6.(2016全国Ⅰ)I was the first Western TV reporter 　　　　　(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 答案:permitted解析:考查非谓语动词。此处动词permit与所修饰的名词reporter构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故应该使用其过去分词形式permitted作后置定语。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
7.Abercrombie & Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 　　　　　(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 答案:living解析:句意:一家香港的旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent说它定期为居住在上海和香港的人们安排到这里的快捷短假。分析句子可以判断出空格处作people的后置定语,提示词live与people之间是主动关系,所以使用动词-ing形式作定语。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
8.(2015全国Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 　　　　　(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. 答案:built解析:由谓语动词are admired可知空格处填非谓语动词,adobe dwellings与build之间是被动关系,应用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填built。9.In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret message 　　　　　(hide)within the work. 答案:hidden解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在艺术评论中,你必须认为艺术家在作品中藏了一个秘密信息。message与hide之间是被动关系。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
10.Today Chinese calligraphy is once again a subject in schools and an art form highly 　　　　　(appreciate) across the world. 答案:appreciated解析:动词appreciate与其逻辑主语art form之间是被动关系,故用过去分词appreciated在此处作定语。11.The research 　　　　　(do) next week will be about the reading habits of teenagers in middle school. 答案:to be done解析:此处为非谓语动词作名词后置定语的用法。动词do与其逻辑主语research构成了被动关系,可知此处应使用过去分词表示被动;由next week可知该非谓语动词晚于谓语动词will be发生,故使用to be done,表示“即将进行的研究”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
12.The name “cheongsam” 　　　　　(mean) simply “long dress” entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of China’s Guangdong Province. 答案:meaning解析:考查非谓语动词。空处和句子谓语entered之间没有连词,故用非谓语动词,且空处和句子主语The name构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作后置定语。13.Nearly all the people 　　　　　(interview) believe confidence is the key to success. 答案:interviewed解析:句意:几乎所有被采访的人都相信自信是成功的关键。非谓语动词作定语,all the people和interview之间是动宾关系,故填过去分词。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法.语法知识精准记忆(1)下列情况常用不定式作定语①用来修饰被序数词、最高级或any,the only等限定的中心词时,常用不定式作定语。②当被修饰词为特定名词时常用不定式作定语,常见的名词有decision,wish,chance,plan,time,effort,ability,attempt等。(2)分词作定语动词-ing形式作定语表示动词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系,常表示正在进行的动作;过去分词作定语表示动词与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系,常表示已完成的动作。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(三)非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语典题感悟1.(2019全国Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by 　　　　　(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements. 答案:noting解析:考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动词-ing形式,故填noting。2.(2019全国Ⅱ)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for 　　　　　(be)Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. 答案:being解析:考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知,此处用动词-ing形式作宾语,故填being。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.(2019浙江)But some students didn’t want 　　　　　(wear) the uniform. 答案:to wear解析:考查不定式作宾语。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth.想要做某事,这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。4.(2019全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house,it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 　　　　　(get) there.It was in the middle of Pearl City. 答案:to get解析:考查动词不定式作主语。本句运用了it takes...to do sth.句型,意为“花费……做某事”,故此处应填to get。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.While waiting for the opportunity to get 　　　　　(promote),Henry did his best to perform his duty. 答案:promoted解析:这是“get+过去分词”构成被动语态,如get burnt被烫伤,get paid获得报酬。本句中的get promoted意为“获得提拔”。6.(2015全国Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without 　　　　　(use) electric equipment. 答案:using解析:介词(without)后用动词-ing形式作宾语。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
7.(2016全国Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include 　　　　　(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 答案:introducing解析:考查非谓语动词。此处表示“我”的大使职责包括介绍英国游客来参观大熊猫。谓语动词include意为“包括,包含”,其后应该使用动词-ing形式作宾语。8.When you meet people from different cultures,it is important 　　　　　(understand) what you can and cannot do. 答案:to understand解析:分析该句结构可知,该句使用了“it is/was+adj.+to do sth.”的句型,其中it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
9.(2018全国Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid 　(1)　 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 　(2)　 (challenge). 答案与解析:(1)looking　avoid后接动词-ing形式作宾语。avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”。(2)challenged　主语he与challenge(对……挑战)之间为被动关系,故用过去分词表被动。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
10.(2018浙江)While regularly eating out seems to 　　　　　(become) common for many young people in recent years,it’s not without a cost. 答案:have become解析:考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知,用现在完成时,seems to后用动词原形,故填have become。11.(2018浙江)I still remember 　　　　　(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. 答案:visiting解析:此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友,表示“记得做过某事”用remember doing sth.,故填visiting。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法.语法知识海量积累(1)巧记只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词:MEGIDCARFEPS(谐音:卖给的咖啡不是)M—mind,miss;E—enjoy;G—give up;I—imagine,include;D—deny,delay;C—consider;A—advise,appreciate;R—risk,resist;F—finish;E—escape,excuse;P—practise;S—suggest(2)巧记只跟动词不定式的动词:R,WOLF HEAD MAP!(啊!狼头图!)R—refuse;W—want,wish;O—offer;L—long(渴望);H—happen;E—expect;A—ask;D—decide,determine;M—manage;A—afford;P—pretend
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(3)巧记后跟不定式和动词-ing形式意义不同的“两栖类”单词:FROGS+Mean+Try① F—forget;R—regret,remember;OG—go on;S—stop。后跟动词不定式表示“尚未做的事”或是“做另一件事”;跟动词-ing形式表示“做过的事”或是“同一件事”。②mean to do“打算做”,mean doing“意味着”;try to do“试图做”,try doing“尝试一下”。(4)有些过去分词已经形容词化,相当于形容词,常用于系表结构。be lost in;be interested in;be tired of;be satisfied with;be excited about;be faced with;be dressed in;be seated
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
状元笔记“get+过去分词”构成的被动结构,表示某一事件或事故的发生,着重强调动作的发生。常见于以下两种情况:(1)谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇,往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故。Some glasses got broken when we were moving.我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。As we joined the big crowd I got separated from my friends.我们融入一大群人的时候,我与我的朋友被分开了。(2)谈论设法或终于做到令人称心的事,说话者带有较强的感情色彩。Our car gets cleaned about once every two months.我们的车每两个月大约清洗一次。The fence gets white-washed every year.栅栏每年都要粉刷。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(四)非谓语动词作补语典题感悟1.(2018全国Ⅲ)Once his message was delivered,he allowed me 　　　　　(stay) and watch. 答案:to stay解析:考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.是固定结构,意为“允许某人做某事”,因此应填to stay。2.(2017全国Ⅰ)Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 　　　　　(process) the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 答案:to process解析:考查不定式。需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物。require表示“要求”,require to do sth.表示“要求做某事”,被动形式为be required to do sth.,表示“被要求做某事”。故填to process。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.Jenny found a wallet 　　　　　(lie) on the ground. 答案:lying解析:句中已有谓语动词found,故lie为非谓语动词;且与逻辑主语wallet存在主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。4.Do you find yourself easily 　　　　　(become) impatient or annoyed with people over unimportant things? 答案:becoming解析:find sb.doing sth.表示“发觉某人处于某状态或正在做某事”,符合语境。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法.根据逻辑关系定宾语补足语非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,要看其与句子宾语之间的关系(1)和宾语构成被动关系时,用过去分词作补语(2)和宾语构成主动关系时,用动词-ing形式作补语catch sb. doing sth.逮住某人做某事leave sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事find sb. doing sth.发现某人正在做某事keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语① 一感二听看有五,let,make,have后面宾语补足语不带to,即感官动词feel,hear,listen to,see,watch,observe,notice,look at及使役动词let,make,have后跟不带to的不定式作宾补,但用于被动语态中要加to。感官动词后也可跟动词-ing形式作宾补,表示看到/听到时动作正在进行;跟省略to的不定式作宾补时,强调看到/听到了整个过程或事实。例:I saw him run into the building.(整个过程)Just then, I heard someone calling for help.(正在进行)②have后宾语补足语的几种情况:have sb. do sth.让某人做某事have sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事have sth. done请别人做某事
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(五)非谓语动词在固定结构中的用法典题感悟1.(2019江苏改编)China’s image is improving steadily,with more countries 　　　　　(recognize) its role in international affairs. 答案:recognizing解析:考查with复合结构。句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系,用现在分词。2.(2016全国Ⅱ)If you find something you love doing outside of the office,you’ll be less likely 　　　　　(bring)your work home. 答案:to bring解析:句意:如果你发现在办公室之外有喜欢做的事情,你把工作带回家的可能性就小了。be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”为固定搭配。故填to bring。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.(2015全国Ⅱ)When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 　　　　　(cool) the house during the hot day;at the same time,they warm up again for the night. 答案:to cool解析:考查动词不定式用法。“be+adj.+enough+to do sth.”是固定结构,意为“足够做某事”。结合空格前的cold enough可知后面应使用动词不定式。故填to cool。4.In the first place,it often happens that we have trouble 　　　　　(find) appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. 答案:finding解析:have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.为固定结构,意为“做某事有困难”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.With my eyes tightly 　　　　　(close),I dived in and made my way to the other end. 答案:closed解析:此处是with复合结构,即with+名词/代词+非谓语动词,在句子中作状语。close和其逻辑主语“my eyes”之间是被动关系,故用过去分词形式。6.With a lot of difficult problems 　　　　　(settle),the manager felt like a cat on hot bricks. 答案:to settle解析:句意:因为有许多难题要解决,经理感觉像热锅上的蚂蚁。此处为with复合结构,difficult problems与settle之间为主动关系,且“解决难题”发生在将来,故用不定式作宾补,表示将要发生的动作。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
7.(2017全国Ⅲ)But unlike school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 　　　　　(rest). 答案:resting解析:考查非谓语动词。spend...(in) doing sth.是固定句式,意为“花……做某事”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法.语法知识海量积累(1)部分常见的常考句型,要特别注意其中的动词形式①be likely to do sth.有可能做某事②There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事③It takes sb. some time to do sth.某人花多少时间做某事④be busy doing sth.忙于做某事⑤spend money/time (in) doing sth.花费金钱或时间做某事⑥have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难⑦prevent/stop...(from) doing sth.阻止……做某事
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(2)with复合结构①with+宾语+doing(表示主动或正在进行的动作)②with+宾语+done(表示被动或已经完成的动作)③with+宾语+to do(表示将来的动作)注意:在with复合结构中用现在分词还是过去分词,取决于宾语与其后的非谓语动词之间的逻辑关系。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
考点集训A组　基础语篇练技法Passage 1主题语境:人与自我——人物故事　建议用时:9’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 She looks like any other schoolgirl,fresh-faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas 1.　　　　　(be)looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course.But unlike school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 2. 　　　　　(rest).Instead,she is earning $6 500 a day as a model in New York. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Sarah 3.　　　　　(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel,4.　　　　　(earn)a million dollars in the new year.Her father Peter wants her 5.　　　　　(give)up school to model full-time.But Sarah,who has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as 6.　　　　　(beautiful).She is determined 7.　　　　　(carry)on with her education. She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before 8. 　　　　　(go)to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Sarah says,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school comes first.I don’t want to get too 9.　　　　　(absorb) in modeling.It is certainly fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I don’t want to have nothing else 10.　　　　　(fall) back on when I can’t model my more.” 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】文章介绍了纽约市16岁的高中女孩萨拉,她不仅学习成绩好,长得漂亮,而且是一个收入不菲的时装模特。她爸爸希望她退学专门从事模特行业,但是她却以学业为重,坚持学业和工作两不误。1.is　考查谓语动词。提示词为be,句子缺少谓语动词,主语为Sarah Thomas,根据上下文(looks;is not...)的时态可知,此处应该用is。2.resting　考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词。spend...(in) doing sth.是固定句式,意为“花……做某事”。3.has been told/was told　提示词为动词,句中缺少谓语动词,根据语境,萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超级名模,此处可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.earning　提示词为动词,句中已有谓语动词could be,由此可以判断,此处用非谓语动词。分析语境可知,earn 的逻辑主语就是从句的主语she,在句中作结果状语,故用动词-ing形式。5.to give　提示词为动词,句中已有谓语动词wants,这里want sb.to do sth.意为“想让某人做某事”,所以用动词不定式作宾语补足语。6.beauty　提示词为形容词。as well as为连词,前后成分应该一致,所以该空应该和前面的brains一致,所以用名词形式。在这里beauty为抽象的概念,没有复数形式。7.to carry　提示词为动词。be determined to do sth.为固定结构,所以用动词不定式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
8.going　提示词为动词,before后省略了主语(也就是句子的主语)she,所以用going。9.absorbed　提示词为动词,在系动词后用形容词形式。be absorbed in为固定用法,意为“忙于……”。10.to fall　提示词为动词,在句中作定语修饰nothing,fall的逻辑主语就是句子的主语I,故用动词不定式to do。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
B组　模拟语篇提能力Passage 2主题语境:人与社会——社会服务　建议用时:9’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019四川绵阳二诊)A Shanghai policeman took on the role of son to help comfort an elderly couple,1. 　　　 had lost their own son in a deadly accident.In 2003,Liang Qiaoying and her son 2.　　　　　(expose) to poison gas during an accident.The woman survived,but her young son was 3.　　　　　(lucky).And Liang was left mentally-disabled.Her husband,Xia Zhanhai,couldn’t bear to tell her the 4.　　　　　(true) about their son.Instead,whenever his wife asked to see the son,he kept 5.　　　　　(say) that their son had gone to work in another city. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
In 2010,while watching a television show,Xia Zhanhai was amazed to see an officer that looked 6.　　　　　(exact) like his son.He immediately knew that the young man was the answer to making his wife smile again. With 7.　　　　　 help of the television station and the police station,the couple were able to meet the very policeman on a TV show. The young policeman was touched by 8.　　　　　 (they) loss and sadness,and said that he was more than willing 9.　　　　　(act) as the son.Although he still hesitated to call another woman “mum”,his mother was happy to support his action. Their “reunion” lasted just a few minutes on the show,but it had a lasting influence 10.　　　　　 the sick “mother”. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文讲述的是上海一名警察扮演儿子的角色,帮助安慰一对失去儿子的老年夫妇的故事。1.who　考查关系代词。此处couple是先行词,指人,在后面的定语从句中作主语,故答案为who。2.were exposed　考查时态和语态。句意:2003年,梁巧英和她的儿子在一次事故中吸入了毒气。be exposed to“暴露于……下”。由2003年可知,句子用一般过去时态的被动语态,且句子主语Liang Qiaoying and her son是复数形式,故答案为were exposed。3.unlucky　考查形容词。句意:这位妇女幸免于难,但她年幼的儿子却很不幸。but表示前后是一种转折关系,be动词后面用形容词,故答案为unlucky。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.truth　考查名词。句意:她的丈夫夏湛海无法忍受告诉她关于他们儿子的真相。由the可知后面用名词形式,故答案为truth。5.saying　考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth.“一直做某事”,故答案为saying。6.exactly　考查副词。此处looked是动词look的过去式,用副词修饰,故答案为exactly。7.the　考查冠词。with the help of在……的帮助下,故答案为the。8.their　考查形容词性物主代词。此处loss和sadness是名词,用形容词性物主代词,故答案为their。9.to act　考查非谓语动词。be willing to do sth.“愿意做某事”,故答案为to act。10.on/upon　考查介词。have an influence on/upon“对……有影响”,故答案为on/upon。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Passage 3主题语境:人与社会——网络应用　建议用时:10’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019东北三省四市教研联合体二模)We send words,pictures or videos 1.　　　　　 our friends on the Internet every day.But 2.　　　　　 seems that we can also even send them a glass of lemonade now. This is 3.　　　　　 the unimaginable technology works.First,a color sensor (传感器) and a PH sensor 4. 　　　　　(place) in a real glass of lemonade.Then a control module sends information about the color and taste of the lemonade to a special glass 5.　　　　　(fill) with water at another 6.　　　　　(locate).
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
By 7.　　　　　(use) electronic stimulators (刺激物),the special glass recreates the taste of the original when the recipient (接受者) drinks the water.Researchers found that there are no significant 8.　　　　　(different) between a real glass of lemonade and a virtual (虚拟的) one. If the technology is improved,we may even soon be able to share our 9.　　　　　(favor) dishes with our friends online instead of in simply 10.　　　　　 photo. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。我们每天在网上给我们的朋友发送文字、照片或视频,但现在看来,我们甚至可以给他们送一杯柠檬水。短文介绍了这个不可思议的技术的工作原理。1.to　考查介词。句意:我们每天在网上给我们的朋友发送文字、照片或视频。send sth. to sb.“将某物发送/寄给某人”为固定短语。故填to。2.it　考查代词。句意:但现在看来,我们甚至可以给他们送一杯柠檬水。it seems that为主语从句,it作形式主语,真正的主语为that从句。故填it。3.how　考查连接副词。句意:以下是这个不可思议的技术的工作原理。分析句子可知,本句为表语从句,根据句意可知,空处缺少表示方式的连接副词how。故填how。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.are placed　考查时态和语态。句意:首先,一个颜色传感器和pH传感器被放置在一杯真正的柠檬水中。分析句子可知,本句为一般现在时,主语a color sensor (传感器) and a PH sensor与谓语动词place为动宾关系。故填are placed。5.filled　句意:然后控制模块将有关柠檬水的颜色和味道的信息发送到另一个位置的一个装满水的特殊玻璃杯中。be filled with“充满……”为固定短语。在本句中为过去分词转化的形容词作后置定语,所以填filled。6.location　考查名词。句意:然后控制模块将有关柠檬水的颜色和味道的信息发送到另一个位置的一个装满水的特殊玻璃杯中。another为形容词修饰名词,locate的名词为location。故填location。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
7.using　考查动词-ing形式。句意:通过使用电子刺激器,特殊的玻璃杯在接受者喝水时重现了原来的味道。by doing sth.“通过做某事”,其中by为介词后接动词-ing形式作宾语。故填using。8.differences　考查名词复数。句意:研究人员发现,一杯真正的柠檬水和一杯虚拟的柠檬水没有明显的区别。分析句子可知,本句为there be 句型,是全部倒装句,由系动词are可知,主语为复数形式。difference为可数名词。故填differences。9.favorite　考查形容词。句意:如果这项技术得到改进,我们甚至很快就能在网上与朋友分享我们最喜欢的菜肴,而不仅仅是一张照片。dishes为名词,由形容词修饰,根据句意,形容词为favorite。故填favorite。10.a　考查冠词。photo为单数可数名词,在本句中指一张照片,所以应用a/an 来修饰。因为photo首字母发音为辅音音素,所以空处填a。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
C组　真题语篇通高考Passage 4主题语境:人与社会——校园生活　建议用时:8’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019浙江)There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea.First of all,uniforms help the school look smart.The students feel that they belong to a particular group.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform,nobody 1.　　　　　(have) to worry about fashion(时尚).Everybody wears 2.　　　　　 same style of clothes.Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways.A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth 3.　　　　　 gives off light in the dark.When the children are walking or 4.　　　　　(cycle) to school on dark mornings,car drivers can 5.　　　　　(easy) see them. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
But can uniforms help improve school standards?The answer 6.　　　　　 this question is not clear.One study in America found that students’ grades 7.　　　　　(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.But some students didn’t want 8.　　　　　(wear) the uniform.Other American studies showed no 9.　　　　　(connect) between uniforms and school performance. School uniforms are 10.　　　　　(tradition) in Britain,but some schools are starting to get rid of them.Some very good schools don’t have a uniform policy.However,uniforms are still popular.Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】对于学生应不应该穿校服上学,一直以来都是个有争议的问题。研究表明,穿校服上学有一定的益处,在学校中仍占主流。1.has/will have　考查时态。由于本文讲述校服的情况,所以可以用一般现在时,由于句子主语是nobody,故用第三人称单数has。此外when引导的从句用一般现在时态时,其主句常用一般将来时,故该空也可用will have。2.the　考查冠词。same通常与the连用,意为“同样的,相同的”。3.that/which　考查定语从句引导词。由于先行词为a piece of cloth,从句缺少主语,所以填that/which。4.cycling　考查非谓语动词。根据句中的or为并列连词可知,其前后的形式应保持一致,根据or前的walking可知,此处填cycling。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.easily　考查副词。修饰动词see应用easy的副词形式easily。6.to　考查介词。表示“……的答案”时,answer后的介词必须用to。7.improved　考查时态和语态。根据空前的found可知,此处应用一般过去时,另外,improve用主动语态表示“某事有了提高”,故用improved。8.to wear　考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。9.connection/connections　考查名词。根据空前的no和空后的between uniforms and school performance可知,此处应用connect的名词形式。因为no后可接名词的单数形式,也可以接名词的复数形式,故答案为connection/connections。10.traditional　考查形容词。根据空前的系动词are,可知此处用tradition的形容词形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
有提示词类常考点——名词【阅卷寄语】语法填空对名词的考查主要包括名词的数和所有格,以及给出动词、形容词等提示词的词性/变化。(一)名词的数典题感悟1.(2018,11浙江)One study showed that 　　　　　(woman) who drank a lot of coffee,like eight or more cups per day,while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects. 答案:women解析:考查名词的数。由下文的“they were”可知,这里应该用名词的复数形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
2.(2017,11浙江)You wouldn’t think that a few 　　　　　(month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life,and that’s also true for building your vocabulary. 答案:months解析:考查名词的数。根据空格前的修饰语定答案。句意:你不认为青少年时期几个月的锻炼对你以后的人生来说足够了,对于建立你的词汇量来说那也是事实。month为可数名词,其修饰语a few意为“一些”,后跟可数名词复数形式,可知month应用复数形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.(2017全国Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible　　　　　 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. 答案:crowds解析:考查名词的数。根据常识,在地表上下班的人群肯定不是一群人,而是一群一群的人,故填其复数形式crowds。4.(2017浙江)Last October,while tending her garden in Mora,Sweden,Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 　　　　　(carrot) and was about to throw them away. 答案:carrots解析:考查名词的数。carrot 为可数名词,前有a handful(一把)修饰,用复数形式。后面throw them away中的them也是一个提示信息。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.(2016四川)Any smell might attract natural 　　　　　(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda. 答案:enemies解析:考查名词的数。根据逻辑关系可知,此处的意思是“天敌”,应使用复数形式enemies。6.(2016全国Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few 　　　　　(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,the other is with mum—she never suspects. 答案:days解析:考查名词复数。此处表示每隔几天,应该使用名词复数形式days。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
7.(2016全国Ⅱ)Recent 　　　　　(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 答案:studies解析:考查名词的数。根据主谓一致原则定答案。recent是形容词,修饰名词,“recent 　　　　　”在句中作主语,根据谓语动词show可知,主语需要用复数形式。 8.(2014全国Ⅰ)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us the　　　　　 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river. 答案:changes解析:谓语动词是are,根据主谓一致原则,主语也应是复数,故填change的复数形式changes。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
9.(2013全国Ⅰ)He was tall,with broad 　　　　　(shoulder) and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years. 答案:shoulders解析:根据常识,肩有左肩和右肩,因此shoulder通常用复数。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法1.海量积累记规则(1)单复数同形的名词:sheep绵羊;deer鹿;Chinese中国人;Japanese日本人;means手段;works工厂;series系列(2)复数形式有特殊变化的名词:child→children;foot→feet;tooth→teeth;mouse→mice;man→men;woman→women;goose→geese;criterion(标准)→criteria;phenomenon(现象)→phenomena;medium(传播媒介)→media(3)以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数一般把f或fe去掉加-ves,它们是:为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半,即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,shelves,wolves,halves。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
状元笔记下列以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-s,它们是:屋顶上的首领信仰保险箱,即roofs,chiefs,beliefs,safes。下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves,也可以直接加-s,它们是:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves手帕,scarfs/scarves围巾。(4)词尾是s,x,ch,sh时一般加es。例如:bus公共汽车→buses　fox狐狸→foxescoach教练→coaches　branch树枝→branchesbush灌木丛→bushes注意:stomach(胃部)的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(5)以-o结尾的名词巧变复数:(6)形容词+后缀(-th)变名词:strong→strength力气;强项warm→warmth温暖;热情long→length长度
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法2.精准记忆修饰词以下修饰词后用名词的复数形式:具体数字(two,three,hundred...)以及a handful of(一把),several,both,these,those,one and a half,ten(等数词),(a good) many,a couple of(几个),a/the number of,each/one of,a variety of,many,few,后一定是复数名词。技法3.主谓一致巧利用如果没有明显的修饰词,可以利用主谓一致原则轻松确定名词的单复数形式。比如“典题感悟”第8题,其后的谓语动词是are,根据主谓一致原则,主语也应是复数,故填change的复数形式changes。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(二)名词的词性变化典题感悟1.(2019全国Ⅲ)When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 　　　　　(compete) to watch,together with the story behind it. 答案:competition解析:考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。2.(2018全国Ⅲ)My name is Mireya Mayor.I’m a 　　　　　(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 答案:scientist解析:考查名词。此处介绍“我”的身份是一位科学家。因此应填scientist。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.(2018全国Ⅱ)This switch has decreased 　　　　　(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 答案:pollution解析:此处作decreased的宾语,应填名词pollution。4.(2017全国Ⅲ)...she is determined to carry on with her 　　　　　(educate). 答案:education解析:考查名词的数。根据空格前的修饰语定答案。前面由形容词性物主代替her(她的)修饰,故用名词形式,education是不可数名词。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.(2016全国Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the 　　　　　(develop)of chopsticks. 答案:development解析:考查名词。根据空格前的修饰语定答案。根据题空前面的the和题空后面的of可知,此处需要名词。6.(2016全国Ⅱ)Then,handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 　　　　　(achieve). 答案:achievement解析:考查名词。介词of后面接名词。a sense of achievement表示“成就感”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
7.(2016全国Ⅱ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asia’s biggest building,and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top 　　　　　(attract). 答案:attraction解析:考查名词。根据空格前的修饰语its和top定答案。句意:但是对像我这样的游客来说,大熊猫是最吸引人的。此处作表语的应该是名词attraction,意为“吸引人之物,诱惑物”。8.(2016浙江改编)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our 　　　　　(different) unite,rather than divide us. 答案:differences解析:由空格前的our可知此处应用名词的复数形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
9.(2015全国Ⅱ)...what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 　　　　　(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. 答案:ability解析:前有形容词性物主代词their修饰,用名词形式,再结合前面的is,可知,用单数形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法1.把握规则理思路(1)分析句子结构,确定所填单词在句中所作的句子成分。(2)在句中作主语或宾语,常用名词。(3)在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后常用名词。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法2.海量积累记规则
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(三)名词的所有格典题感悟When I finally arrived at my 　　　　　(friend) he lent me lots of clothes. 答案:friend’s解析:考查名词的所有格。表示“在朋友家”,用所有格。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法.’s所有格的用法(1)常表示有生命的东西。如:Tom’s birthday,the dog’s owner。(2)用于表示时间、距离、天体、度量衡与货币价值、国家、城市等。如:①时间:a day’s work(一天的工作),today’s newspaper②距离:twenty minutes’ ride,five minutes’ walk,a mile’s distance③天体:the sun’s heat,the moon’s surface④度量衡与货币价值:ten dollars’ worth,twenty pounds’ weight⑤国家、城市等:China’s industry,the city’s development,the government’s plan,China’s development(3)表示某人的家或店铺。如:at the doctor’s在诊所,the tailor’s裁缝铺,the barber’s理发店,at my uncle’s在我叔叔家
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
考点集训A组　基础语篇练技法Passage 1主题语境:人与自我——人物故事　建议用时:9’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 A young man in Wuhan,Hubei Province has become the latest Internet sensation after a video showing his heart-warming act on a subway train went viral on social 1. 　　　　　(medium)recently.In the video,the man can be seen holding his mobile phone in his hand after falling asleep on a Metro,with a message in large font on the screen which reads,“Please wake me if you need my seat.”
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
The video was recorded by a fellow passenger who posted it on Weibo.The video,whose 2.　　　　　(long)was just 7 seconds,has been viewed more than 19 million 3. 　　　　　(time) in just two days.Chinese netizens were greatly touched by the young 4.　　　　　(man) act and greeted him with a storm of 5.　　　　　(applaud) for his kind 6.　　　　　(behave).A web 7.　　　　　(use)even commented,“I only needed seven 8.　　　　　(second) to fall 9.　　　　　 love with this young man. The humble man refused an interview 10.　　　　　(invite) after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he should.In a Weibo post,he thanked netizens for their love and praise.He said he would always fall asleep when he had nothing to do on the train but worried others may need the seat,so he got the idea of making a message on his phone screen. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】文章讲述了武汉市一名年轻男子在地铁上播放了一段感人的视频,视频在社交媒体上迅速走红。1.media　考查名词的数。泛指各种媒体,用复数形式。2.length　考查名词。前有作定语的关系代词whose修饰,表示video的长度,用名词形式。3.times　考查名词的数。time在这里为可数名词,意为:次数。前有19 million修饰,用复数形式。4.man’s　考查名词的所有格。作定语修饰act,用所有格。句意:中国的网民被这位小伙子的行为深深地打动,并对他的这个善举报以热烈的掌声。5.applause　考查词性转换。空格所填词和前面的of一起构成 of所有格形式,修饰前面的名词storm作定语。所以用名词形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
6.behavior　考查名词。前由“his kind(他善良的)”作定语修饰,指他友善的行为,故填名词形式。7.user　考查名词。由语境和句子结构可知,该空作主语,意为“用户”。句意:一位微博用户甚至评论道:我只要七秒就爱上了这个年轻人。8.seconds　考查名词的数。second在此用作名词,意为“秒”,是可数名词,前有数词seven修饰,用复数形式。9.in　考查名词的搭配。fall in love with 为固定搭配,意为“喜欢上,爱上”。10.invitation　考查名词。这里指的是采访邀请,用名词形式,前有an修饰,用单数形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
B组　模拟语篇提能力Passage 2主题语境:人与社会——传统文化　建议用时:8’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019山东日照一模)Beijing’s Forbidden City is a place full of wonders.From its thousands of rooms to its many beautiful artifacts,it’s no wonder it is one of China’s most popular scenic 1.　　　　　(spot).But even more than 600 years after it 2.　　　　　(build),it’s still managing to serve up surprises. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
The Forbidden City draws visitors because of its rich history and 3.　　　　　(culture) significance,but perhaps it should add one more thing to its list of attractions:earthquake shelter.While most structures aren’t made 4. 　　　　　(survive)natural disasters,the Forbidden City seems to withstand anything. To show how strong the ancient Chinese architecture really is,5.　　　　　 model of one of the Forbidden City’s palaces was put to the test.It survived a simulated(模拟的) earthquake of 9.5 on the Richter scale—equal to the 6. 　　　　　(large)ever recorded quake.Instead of falling apart,the model was just moved gently during the test. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
According to experts,the key 7.　　　　　 the Forbidden City’s strength,as well as other ancient Chinese structures,8.　　　　　(lie)in dougong(斗栱)—a centuries-old building method invented in China.Ancient Chinese craftsmen created structures 9.　　　　　 were both enduring(耐用)and elegant,10.　　　　　(show)their advanced understanding of mathematics,architecture,materials,and structural science. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了作为最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一的北京紫禁城的历史和它的神奇之处。1.spots　考查名词的数。根据空前one of可知,此处应使用名词复数。2.was built　考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:但即使是在它建成600多年后,它仍能带来惊喜。3.cultural　考查形容词。修饰名词significance,作定语,用形容词形式。4.to survive　考查不定式。句意:虽然大多数建筑都不是为在自然灾害中幸存而建造的,但故宫似乎能承受任何东西。be made to do sth.“被用来做某事”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.A　考查不定冠词。此处泛指“一个模型”,应使用不定冠。6.largest　考查形容词最高级。根据句中earthquake of 9.5 on the Richter scale可知,此处指“这相当于有记录以来最大的地震”。7.to　key与介词to搭配,意为“紫禁城强大的关键”。8.lies　考查主谓一致。句意:专家表示,故宫和其他中国古代建筑的实力,关键在于斗拱——中国发明的一种有数百年历史的建筑方法。主语是the key,谓语动词应使用单数形式。9.that/which　考查关系代词。先行词是structures,关系词在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词that/which。10.showing　考查非谓语动词。提示词show为动词,与主语Ancient Chinese craftsmen 是逻辑主谓关系,应使用动词-ing形式,表主动。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Passage 3主题语境:人与社会——科学技术　建议用时:8’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (原创)Chinese scientists are using genetic technology and synthetic(合成的) biology 1.　　　　　(technique) to create genetically engineered blue roses. Blue roses do not exist in nature and cannot be bred(繁殖),as roses lack the specific gene 2.　　　　　 has the ability to produce a blue color.Most blue roses in the market 3.　　　　　(create) by dyeing white roses. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Scientists from Tianjin University and the Institute of Microbiology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences 4.　　　　　(use) synthetic biology techniques to engineer 5.　　　　　 bacterium that can create pigment-producing genes.They then inject(注入) the engineered bacteria into a white rose petal(花瓣) 6.　　　　　(produce) blue flowers. This research proves that there is a 7.　　　　　(possible) of using blue pigmentation(色素) 8.　　　　　(produce) by bacteria to make blue roses.Scientists of the team say they will also work together 9.　　　　　 gardening experts to promote the breeding of blue roses. The research 10.　　　　　(publish) in the journal ACS Synthetic Biology. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了利用合成生物学技术,中国科学家成功研发“全球首株蓝玫瑰”。1.techniques　考查名词复数。根据第三段的“synthetic biology techniques to engineer”可知,用technique的复数形式。2.that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。the specific gene是先行词,其后是定语从句,在定语从句中作主语,用引导词that或which。3.are created　考查动词的时态和语态。根据短文时态及句意“市场上的多数蓝玫瑰都是通过白玫瑰染色而形成的”可知,是说现在的事情,Most blue roses与create是被动关系。故用一般现在时的被动语态。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.have been using　考查动词的时态。科学家们还在研究,所以说他们一直在使用合成生物学技术来制造一种可以产生色素基因的细菌。用现在完成进行时。5.A　考查冠词。不定冠词表示泛指,这里指“制造一种可以产生色素基因的细菌”。6.to produce　考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。7.possibility　考查词形转换。根据句中的a可知,其后应该用名词possibility,指一种可能性。8.produced　考查非谓语动词。根据句中的by可知,blue pigmentation与produce之间是被动关系,用过去分词作定语,修饰blue pigmentation。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
9.with　考查介词。根据短语work together with sb.可知,用介词with。10.was published　考查动词的时态和语态。句意:这项研究发表在《ACS合成生物学》期刊上。research与publish之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
C组　真题语篇通高考Passage 4主题语境:人与社会——科技发展　建议用时:10’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2017全国Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1. 　　　　　(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2. 　　　　　 work.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road,3. 　　　　　(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4. 　　　　　 top.When all those had been done,the road surface was replaced.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Steam engines 5. 　　　　　(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6. 　　　　　(fair)unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using 7. 　　　　　 every day.Later,engineers 8. 　　　　　(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道),which became known as the Tube.This development was only possible with the 9. 　　　　　(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.The Central London Railway was one of the most 10. 　　　　　(success) of these new lines,and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages,and proved extremely popular with the public.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文介绍了伦敦地铁的建设、发展以及使用情况。1.crowds　考查名词。根据前面的terrible可知,这里用名词crowd的复数形式,表示“人群”。2.from　考查介词。根据前面的to可知,这里填from。to and from work“上下班”。3.laying　考查非谓语动词。根据前面的digging和后面的building可知,这里用laying与之保持一致,作谓语动词included的宾语。4.the　考查冠词。这里特指地铁的顶部。意思是在地铁的顶部建了一个坚固的顶棚。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.were used　考查时态和语态。use和steam engines之间为动宾关系,文章叙述的是1863年的事情,因此用一般过去时的被动语态。6.fairly　考查副词。unpleasant是形容词,这里用副词fairly修饰,意思是“相当不舒服”。7.it　考查代词。it在这里指代前面提到的名词the railway。8.managed　考查动词时态。根据上文及后面的became可知,这里用过去时。9.introduction　考查名词。根据前面的the以及后面的of可知,这里要填名词,introduce的名词形式是introduction。10.successful　考查形容词。根据前面的the most可知,这里是形容词的最高级,success是名词,其形容词是successful。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
有提示词类必考点——形容词和副词【阅卷寄语】形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词,表示事物或人的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至是句子。语法填空题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级、形容词和副词的词性转化等。在解题时首先分析空格处在句中所起的作用。分析的方法有两种,一是从成分上看,如果空格词位居代词、名词之前或系动词之后,很有可能是作定语或表语,那用形容词的可能性较大。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(一)形容词和副词的词性转化典题感悟1.(2019北京)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend,and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 　　　　　(meaning)college experience. 答案:meaningful解析:考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列,修饰后面的名词college experience,故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
2.(2019全国Ⅲ)They also shared with us many (1)　　　　　(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were (2)　　　　　(huge) popular with tourists. 答案与解析:(1)traditional考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories,应用形容词形式,tradition的形容词为traditional,故填traditional。(2)hugely考查副词。空格处修饰形容词popular,应用副词形式,huge的副词为hugely,故填hugely。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.(2019全国Ⅱ)We are so proud of her.It’s 　　　　　(wonder). 答案:wonderful解析:考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知,在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语,故填wonderful。4.(2019全国Ⅱ)Her years of hard work have 　　　　　(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. 答案:finally解析:考查副词。根据空格所处位置可知,此处应用副词形式作状语,修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged,意为“最终得到认可”,故填finally。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.(2019全国Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 　　　　　(poor) studied;however,biologists calculate that there are about 20,000—25,000 polar bears worldwide. 答案:poorly解析:考查副词。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied,意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。6.(2018全国Ⅰ)Running is cheap,easy and it’s always 　　　　　(energy). 答案:energetic解析:本句为主系表结构,故此处应该用形容词作表语。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
7.(2017浙江)But something made her look closer,and she noticed a 　　　　　(shine) object. 答案:shiny/shining解析:考查词形转换。作定语,修饰后面的名词object(物体),用形容词形式,故填shiny或shining,意为“闪闪发光的”。8.(2017全国Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been 　　　　　(fair) unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise. 答案:fairly解析:这里fair是形容词,修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词,故在其前填fairly。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
9.(2016,10浙江)I looked 　　　　　(quick) at the clock.The show starts in one hour;plenty of time! 答案:quickly解析:修饰谓语动词look 作状语,用副词形式。10.As 　　　　　(nature) architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 答案:natural解析:根据空格后面的名词可知,修饰名词应用形容词。故填natural。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法1.词法功能精准记忆形容词主要修饰名词和代词,在句中用作定语、表语、补语、状语等成分;副词主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。技法2.构词规则海量积累1.构词法之形容词
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
2.形容词变副词的变化规则(1)一般在词尾加-ly:immediate→immediately;wonderful→wonderfully;real→really;careful→carefully;polite→politely;quick→quickly。(2)辅音字母加y结尾的当y的发音为/I/时,变y为i,加-ly:angry→angrily;busy→busily;heavy→heavily。当y的发音为/aI/时,直接加-ly:shy→shyly;dry→dryly。(3)以-ble或-le结尾的形容词,去e加-y:possible→possibly;terrible→terribly;simple→simply;comfortable→comfortably。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(4)以-ue结尾的形容词去e加-ly:true→truly(5)以-l结尾的形容词,在词尾加-ly:usual—usually;careful→carefully以-ll结尾的形容词,在词尾加-yfull→fully(6)以-ic结尾,加-allyeconomic→economicallyscientific→scientifically
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法3.词法特点要留意巧记常见系动词,系动词后接形容词作表语:1“be”,2“像”,3“保持”,5个“变化”,5个“来”。1“be”(be动词);2“像”(seem,appear);3“保持”(keep,stay,remain);5个“变化”(become,turn,grow,go,get);5个“来”(sound—听起来,smell—闻起来,taste—尝起来,look—看起来,feel—摸起来)
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(二)形容词和副词的比较等级典题感悟1.(2019全国Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 　　　　　(high) than they actually are. 答案:higher解析:考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。2.(2017浙江)Sixteen years 　　　　　(early),Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal. 答案:earlier解析:此处表示“16年前”,故填earlier,意为“……之前,先前”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.(2018全国Ⅲ)That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the 　　　　　(loud) of all. 答案:loudest解析:考查形容词最高级。由空格后的“of all”可知,雄性大猩猩喊叫声最大。因此填最高级形式loudest。4.(2014新课标Ⅰ)Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 　　　　　(clean) than ever. 答案:cleaner解析:作表语,依然用形容词,可考虑比较等级;又由“than ever”(比以前)可知,要用比较级。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.(2016全国Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of 　　　　　(great) and less importance. 答案:greater解析:本空所填之词与less是并列关系,应用比较级的形式。6.(2017全国Ⅰ)Even 　　　　　(bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 答案:worse解析:考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知,此处表示程度的加深,所以用比较级形式。even worse“更糟的是”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
7.(2014辽宁)The 　　　　　(hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit. 答案:harder解析:考查固定句式中的比较等级。这里是“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”句式,表示“越……就越……”。故答案为harder。8.Many in the UK believed that they had a much better chance of improving themselves in the city.It would be 　　　　　(easy) to move from the ranks of physical laborers to the middle classes if they could get better jobs and education. 答案:easier解析:根据前面的“Many in the UK believed that they had a much better chance of improving themselves in the city.”和后面的“they could get better jobs and education.”可知,此处指更容易上升到中产阶级。故填easier。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
9.It may not be a great suggestion.But before a 　　　　　(good)one is put forward,we’ll make do with it. 答案:better解析:考查比较级。句意:这可能不是一个好建议。但是在提出更好的建议前,我们先勉强用这个吧。根据句意可知,此处指一个更好的建议,所以用比较级。10....,the sides became even 　　　　　(steep). 答案:steeper解析:even后跟形容词、副词比较级。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法1.标志词精准记忆高考对形容词和副词比较等级的考查主要体现在两个方面:一是通过标志词(than,still,far,much,a lot,even等)或表示比较意义的语境得出要用比较级或最高级;二是考查一些固定结构中比较级或最高级的用法,如:(1)比较级:表示“越……就越……”用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构;“比较级+and+比较级”和“more and more+原级”表示“越来越……”,其反义词组为“less and less+原级”;否定词+比较级=最高级。(2)最高级:表达在某个范围内“最……”,使用“the+形容词/副词的最高级+比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in,of,among等;当空格前有the second/third...,one of...等词时,需填最高级。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法2.高频不规则变化积累形容词、副词比较等级的不规则变化good/well→better→best;bad/badly→worse→worst;many/much→more→most;little→less→least;far→farther/further→farthest/furthest
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
考点集训A组　基础语篇练技法Passage 1主题语境:人与社会—— 历史人物　建议用时:10’　实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 Wu Zetian,the only woman emperor to rule ancient China,is considered 1.　　　　　 one of the most powerful women in Chinese history. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
She was born into a 2.　　　　　(wealth) family with great beauty and intelligence.This beautiful girl,unlike others in ancient China,3.　　　　　(be) in favour of reading and often travelled around the country with her father when she was young,4.　　　　　 increased her knowledge and developed her talents.When she was about fourteen,she 5.　　　　　(send) to the palace and married to the Emperor.After many difficulties and hardships,she 6.　　　　　(successful) made herself queen.A few years after Emperor Gaozong died,Wu Zetian changed the name of the dynasty Tang to Zhou,and became Empress.7. 　　　　　 seemed like a hard task for women to be rulers in ancient times,but Wu Zetian succeeded.When she ruled the country,she supported economic and cultural 8. 　　　　　(develop) and improved people’s living quality.She also encouraged girls to go to school 9.　　　　　(study).Before then,girls were not allowed to go to school. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Wu Zetian died at the age of 82,10.　　　　　(leave) a gravestone without any words on it.Although the Zhou dynasty only lasted for one generation,it marked an important period in Chinese hist. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了一代女皇武则天的传奇一生。1.as　考查介词,此处为固定短语,被认为是用be considered as。2.wealthy　考查形容词。因为后面是名词family,所以应该用形容词修饰,所以用wealthy。3.was　考查时态。此句有并列连词and,前后时态要一致,and 后用了一般过去时,所以前面也用一般现在时,再根据主谓一致原则,可知此处要用was。4.which　考查定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句,表示她的经历,使她增长了知识,发展了她的才能;从句缺主语应该用which。5.was sent　考查被动语态。根据时间状语When she was about fourteen,可知用过去时,又因为他与送是被动,所以用was sent。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
6.successfully　考查副词。此处是修饰是谓语动词made,表示成功当了皇后,所以副词successfully。7.It　考查代词。此句为形式主语,真正的主语为to do不定式,所以应该用it。8.development　考查名词。economic and cultural 为形容词,表示她支持经济和文化的发展,所以用名词development。9.to study　考查不定式。此处表示去学校目的是为了学习,用不定式作目的状语。10.leaving　考查非谓语动词。她于82岁去世,留下了一块无字碑,此外句有谓语动词died,而无连词,所以要用非谓语表示结果,而结果是顺其自然的要用分词。她与“留下”是主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
B组　模拟语篇提能力Passage 2主题语境:人与社会——热点事件　建议用时:9’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019四川眉山一诊)Chinese super star Fan Bingbing 1.　　　　　(fine) around 883 million yuan for tax nonpayment and other offences,authorities said Wednesday.The star,2.　　　　　(disappear) in July,posted a long apology on social media.Ms Fan,one of China’s highest paid 3.　　　　　(actress),will escape criminal charges 4. 　　　　　 the fines are paid on time,said state news agency Xinhua. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
The actress had been concerned 5.　　　　　 a government investigation (调查) of how stars reported income in their contracts(合同).Some film stars were charged to have used so-called “yin-yang contracts”—a practice where one contract sets out an actor’s real income,and another lists a 6.　　　　　(low) figure,with the latter submitted to the tax authorities.Authorities have now ordered Ms Fan and the companies she controls 7. 　　　　　(pay) the huge sum in taxes,fines. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
On Wednesday,the star posted an open apology to her tens of millions of fans on her Weibo account saying:“I’ve been suffering great pain recently...I’m so ashamed of 8. 　　　　　 I’ve done.Here,I sincerely 9.　　　　　(apology) to everyone.I 10.　　　　　(complete) accept all the decisions made according to law,after the investigation done by tax authorities.I will follow the order,try my best to overcome difficulties,raise money and pay taxes and fines.” 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】文章介绍中国超级巨星范冰冰因逃税被罚巨款,从而教育人们要遵纪守法、诚信经营。1.has been fined/was fined　考查动词的时态和时态。句意:周三官方结果公布,中国超级巨星范冰冰因逃税和其他违法行为被罚款8.83亿人民币。表示已经完成的动作,强调结果用现在完成时。也可单纯地表示动作的发生,用一般过去时。2.disappearing　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词posted,提示词为动词,且和句子主语为主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式表主动。disappear作非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语为主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.actresses　考查名词的数。one of后面的名词用复数形式,故用actresses。句意:据国家新闻机构新华社报道,范冰冰——这位中国收入最高的女演员之一,如果能按期缴纳全部罚款,并不会被追究刑事责任。4.if　考查连词。前后句为条件关系,故用if。句意:据国家新闻机构新华社报道,范冰冰——这位中国收入最高的女演员之一,如果能按期缴纳全部罚款并不会被追究刑事责任。5.with/in　考查介词。be concerned with/in为固定搭配,意为“与……有关”。句意:这位女演员因政府对明星在合同中申报的收入展开了调查而受牵连。故用with或者in。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
6.lower　考查形容词比较级。句意:一些演员被起诉签订阴阳合同,一份合同是演员真实的收入,而另一份合同的金额低得多,用于上报税务机关。表示比较用比较级,故用lower。7.to pay　考查非谓语动词。order sb. to do sth.意为“命令某人做某事”,故用to pay。8.what/all　句意:我为我的所作所为感到不齿。分析句子可知,I’ve done作of的宾语,从句缺乏宾语,故用what;也可以用all,省略了关系词that。9.apologize　考查动词用作谓语。该句主语“I”,所以空格处为谓语动词。这里是直接引语,描述的是当时的情况,故用一般现在时,故用apologize。10.completely　考查副词。句意:我完全接受根据法律所做出的决定。修饰动词accept作状语,用副词形式,故用completely。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
C组　真题语篇通高考Passage 3主题语境:人与社会——传统农业与创新　建议用时:7’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2018全国Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since 2011,the country 1.　　　　　(grow) more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2.　　　　　 past 25 years,while rice has increased only 7 percent. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
A taste for meat is 3.　　　　　(actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.Another reason for corn’s rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4.　　　　　(improve) water quality.Corn uses less water 5.　　　　　 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.This switch has decreased 6.　　　　　(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7.　　　　　(globe) fertilizer consumption.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 8.　　　　　(start) a soil-testing program 9.　　　　　 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.China’s approach to protecting its environment while 10.　　　　　(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的农作物——玉米的产量逐年增加的原因。种植玉米,不仅可以喂养牲畜,而且因为其生长过程浇水施肥较少,还可以减少对环境的污染,进而保护环境。1.has grown　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“Since 2011”可知,此处应用现在完成时,且该句的主语是“the country”,故谓语动词用单数形式。2.the　考查冠词。根据句意可知,此处特指“过去的25年”,故应用定冠词the表示特指。3.actually　考查副词。根据后文的介词短语“behind the change”可知,此处应用actual的副词形式,故填actually。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.to improve　考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语,故填to improve。句意:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而非稻米,目的是提高水质。5.than　考查形容词的比较级。根据前面的less可知,此处是形容词的比较级,故缺少连接词than。6.pollution　考查名词。根据空前的“decreased”可知,空处应该是名词作宾语,意思是“减少污染”,故填pollution。7.global　考查形容词。此处fertilizer consumption是名词词组,其前面需要用形容词修饰,故填globe的形容词形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
8.started　考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“between 2005”可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。9.that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,修饰先行词a soil-testing program,故填that或which。10.feeding　考查特殊句式。while doing sth.“当做某事的时候”,它是while sb. is/was doing sth.的省略形式,故此处应填feeding。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
有提示词类常考点——构词法【阅卷寄语】词性转换是语法填空的必考点之一,词性转换的方法包括派生法、转化法和合成法。牢固掌握并熟练运用构词法知识,不仅能够灵活运用到语法填空对于词性转换的考查当中,还有助于提高考生对阅读中生词进行辨识的能力。在高考备考中需要切实把握词类转换方面的相关知识,努力扩充词汇量,并要善于分析句子结构,明确充当各种成分的典型词类,那么此类题目就能迎刃而解。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
典题感悟1.(2018全国Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 　　　　　(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. 2.Most pubs have no waiters—you have to go to the bar (吧台) to buy drinks.This may sound 　　　　　(convenient),but English people are used to doing so. 3.Thirdly,there are some reference books with many mistakes,which might 　　　　　(lead) students. 4.Not knowing how to operate the computer is one of the 　　　　　(advantage) in finding jobs. 5.The rich man was 　　　　　(willing) to offer any help,which greatly upset all the people present. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:1.strengthen　此处表明做运动的目的,再根据后面的宾语your leg muscles判断此处应用及物动词strengthen。2.inconvenient　这里指的是没有服务生给顾客来说是不方便的,所以在系动词sound后,用其反义词形式。3.mislead　根据语境中的“with many mistakes”可知,这些错误百出的参考书有可能误导学生。4.disadvantages　根据语境“不知道如何操作电脑在找工作时是不利条件之一”可知,此处应填disadvantages。5.unwilling　空格在be动词后,故用形容词形式。句意:这位富人(不愿意)提供任何帮助,这使在场的人非常失望,可判断填unwilling。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法1.巧用派生法知识牢固掌握并熟练运用构词法知识,不仅能够灵活运用到语法填空对于词性转换的考查当中,还有助于提高考生对阅读中生词进行辨识的能力。(1)名词见考点三;形容词和副词见考点四。(2)构成动词的前缀和后缀
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(3)表示否定或相反意义的前缀、后缀
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法2.合成法和转化法(1)合成法合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方式(有的合成词写在一起,有的中间需加连字符,有的是分开写的两个)。合成词的词义可以根据各个组成部分的意思加以推断。构成合成词的几个词可以是词性相同的词也可以是词性不同的词。高中阶段常见的合成形式有:
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(2)转化法不增加任何成分,不改变词形,把一个单词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性的构词法叫转化法。常见的转化形式有:
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
考点集训A组　基础语篇练技法Passage 1主题语境:人与自我——足球先生　建议用时:9’　实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 Luka Modric 1.　　　　　(narrow) missed out on winning the World Cup this year,2.　　　　　 he did walk away with FIFA’s highest individual honor on Monday. The Croatia and Real Madrid star midfielder(前卫) 3. 　　　　　(award) Best FIFA men’s player of 2018,beating out former teammate Cristiano Ronaldo and Mohamed.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
“This Challenge Cup is not just 4.　　　　　(I),it’s for all my Real Madrid teammates,for all my 5.　　　　　(teammate) from the Croatian national team,6.　　　　　 all coaches that I have played for,” he said at the Best FIFA Football Awards 7.　　　　　(hold) in London,“because without them this would not be possible.” Modric went on to thank his family,fans 8.　　　　　 voted for him,and Zvonimir Boban,the captain of the Croatian 1998 World Cup team that achieved a third-place finish in France,9.　　　　　(call) him his “footballing idol(偶像).” “He gave us belief that we could achieve something great in Russia,and hopefully we 10.　　　　　(do) the same for the next generation,” Modric said. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了克罗地亚球星卢卡·莫德里奇获得了2018世界足球先生的殊荣。1.narrowly　考查副词。副词narrowly修饰动词missed。2.but　考查连词。句意:卢卡·莫德里奇今年与世界杯冠军失之交臂,但他在本周一获得了由国际足联授予的最高个人荣誉。前后句之间是转折关系,用连词but。3.was awarded　考查动词的时态和语态。主语The Croatia and Real Madrid star midfielder和动词award是被动关系,这件事情已经发生,故用一般过去时的被动语态。4.mine　考查代词。根据句意“这个奖杯不仅属于我”,用名词性物主代词mine,相当于“形容词性物主代词my+名词”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.teammates　考查名词复数。根据句中的all my可知,用名词的复数形式。6.for　考查介词。根据句中的“for all my Real Madrid teammates,for all my 5.　　　(teammate) from the Croatian national team”可知,此处也用for。 7.held　考查非谓语动词。the Best FIFA Football Awards与hold是被动关系,用过去分词作定语,修饰the Best FIFA Football Awards。8.who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。句中的his family,fans是先行词,其后是定语从句,在定语从句中作主语,用引导词who或that。9.calling　考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语是went on,Modric与call是主动关系,用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。10.will do　考查动词的时态。根据句中的hopefully和the next generation可知,是说将来的事,故用一般将来时。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
B组　模拟语篇提能力Passage 2主题语境:人与自然——清理垃圾,保护环境　建议用时:10’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019山东烟台一诊)Litter is everywhere,doing great harm 1.　　　　　 the environment and life on our planet.Jeff Kirschner,who wants to build a litter-free world,started a global community named Litterati 2.　　　　　(settle)this problem. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
The story began with his 6-year-old daughter.One day they were going on a hike when the girl noticed a 3. 　　　　　(break)plastic tub(浴盆)in a river.She said,“Daddy,that doesn’t go there.”That took Kirschner by surprise.He,like many adults,had become so used to the rubbish around them that he hadn’t given it a second look.4.　　　　　 his daughter said reminded him of the serious problem our planet faces. Jeff started to take 5.　　　　　(act).He created Litterati,an app that makes it fun to pick up litter.The idea is 6.　　　　　(fair) simple:Spot a piece of trash,take a photo,post the photo online and then put the litter into dustbins. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
7.　　　　　(see)that Jeff was keeping a record of the positive impact he was having on the planet,people worldwide started participating.Up to now,over 2,500,000 photos posted by 3,500 people from over 40 countries 8. 　　　　　(find)their way to Litterati’s digital landfill. Litterati is more than an app.It is a highly 9. 　　　　　(effect)solution to a pressing issue.Wherever you live,whatever you do and 10.　　　　　 you are,join Litterati to make the world a cleaner and healthier place to live in. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文,在女儿的影响下Jeff Kirschner创办了一个名叫Litterati的app,鼓励人们清理垃圾,保护环境。1.to　考查介词。句意:垃圾到处都是,对我们的环境和生活有很大的坏处。do harm to固定短语“对……有害”,该短语的现在分词形式在句中作状语。故填to。2.to settle　考查非谓语动词。句意:Kirschner想要建设一个没有垃圾的世界,为了解决这个问题,他开办了一个名为Litterati的全球社区。句中不定式短语to settle this problem在句中充当目的状语。故填to settle。3.broken　考查形容词。句意:有一天,他们正在远足,在这时他的女儿注意到河里有一个坏了的塑料浴盆。形容词broken意为“坏了的”,在句中充当定语,修饰plastic tub。故填broken。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.What　考查主语从句。句意:他女儿说的话提醒了他我们的星球所面临的这个严重的问题。句中what引导主语从句并在句中充当动词said的宾语。故填What。5.action　考查名词。句意:Jeff开始采取行动了。take action为固定短语,意为“采取行动”,名词action充当动词take的宾语。所以句中要填action。6.fairly　考查副词。句意:这个想法非常简单:找到一片垃圾,拍一张照片,把照片上传到网上,然后把垃圾扔进垃圾桶里。句中应该使用副词充当状语修饰形容词simple。故填fairly。7.Seeing　考查非谓语动词。句意:看见了Jeff正在记录他对星球产生的积极影响,全世界的人们都开始参与了进来。主句主语people worldwide与动词see构成主动关系,要用动词-ing形式作状语。故填Seeing。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
8.have found　考查时态。句意:到现在为止,40多个国家3 500上传的2,500,000张照片都到了Litterati的数码垃圾池里。时间状语up to now通常与现在完成时连用,所以要填have found。9.effective　考查形容词。句意:Litterati不仅仅是一个app。它是一个迫切问题的有效解决方法。形容词effective意为“有效的”,在句中充当定语修饰名词solution。故填effective。10.whoever　考查状语从句。句意:无论你生活在那里,无论你做什么,无论你是谁,参加Litterati吧!让我们的世界成为一个更为清洁健康的居住的地方!句中whoever引导让步状语从句,与“Wherever you live,whatever you do”构成并列关系,故填whoever。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Passage 3主题语境:人与社会——古罗马道路　建议用时:9’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019山东潍坊一模)There is a saying that goes,“All roads lead to Rome.”Roads were essential for the 1. 　　　　　(grow)of the Roman Empire.These roads enabled the Romans to move armies 2.　　　　　(efficient).At its peak,the Roman road system 3. 　　　　　(cover)53,000 miles and contained about 372 links.The Romans were good at constructing these roads,4. 　　　　　 were called viae(通路). 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Prepared viae began in history as the streets of Rome.The laws of the Twelve Tables(十二铜表法),5.　　　　　 (date)back to approximately 450 B.C.,explain that a road shall be 8 feet wide where straight and 16 feet where curved.According to the Tables,Romans are commanded 6. 　　　　　(build)roads that would not need frequent repair. The Romans had 7.　　　　　 preference for standardization whenever they could.A golden milestone near the temple of Saturn was set up.8.　　　　　 this milestone were listed all of the cities in the empire and the distances to them. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Roman roads 9.　　　　　(consider)very important in maintaining both the stability and the expansion of the empire at that time.Even after over 1,000 years,these roads are still used.During the fall of the Roman Empire,the same roads offered 10.　　　　　(avenue)of invasion to the foreigners.This contributed to Roman military ruins. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文介绍了古罗马道路系统的建造和作用。1.growth　考查名词。句意:道路对罗马帝国的发展至关重要。“the+名词+of”意为“……的”。故填growth。2.efficiently　考查副词。句意:这些道路使罗马人能够有效地调动军队。efficiently为副词修饰动词move。故填efficiently。3.covered　考查一般过去时。句意:在顶峰时期,罗马的道路系统覆盖了53,000英里,包含了大约372个路段。分析句子可知,cover为本句话的谓语,且句子为一般过去时。故填covered。4.which　考查关系代词。引导一个定语从句,代替前面的整个句子。故填 which。句意:罗马人擅长修建这些被称为viae的道路。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.dating　考查非谓语动词。句意:《十二铜表法》则可以追溯到大约公元前450年。分析句子可知,The laws of the Twelve Tables与date在逻辑上是主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式。故填dating。6.to build　考查非谓语动词。be commanded to do sth.“被命令做某事”,故填to build。句意:罗马人被命令修建不需要频繁维修的道路。7.A　考查冠词。have a preference for...“更喜欢……”为固定短语。故填a。句意:只要有可能,罗马人偏爱标准化。8.On　考查介词。on the milestone意为“在里程碑上”。句意:在这个里程碑上,列出了帝国中的所有城市以及它们之间的距离。当地点状语位于句首时,句子完全倒装。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
9.were considered　考查时态和语态。由时间状语“at that time”可知,这里用一般过去时;consider为本句的谓语,与主语为被动关系。故填were considered。句意:罗马道路在当时被认为对维持帝国的稳定和扩张都非常重要。分析句子可知,句子为一般过去时。10.avenues　考查名词的数。句意:在罗马帝国垮台期间,同样的道路为外国人提供了入侵的途径。avenue为可数名词,由句意知应填avenues。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
C组　真题语篇通高考Passage 4主题语境:人与社会——食品中的咖啡因　建议用时:9’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2018,11浙江)The Caffeine CatchCaffeine,a chemical typically found in coffee,has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply.You probably 1.　　　　　(use) caffeine since childhood.Caffeine 2.　　　　　(be) in your first Coke.If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar,you ate caffeine.Soft drinks are the major source(来源) of caffeine for most children and even some adults. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3. 　　　　　(recent),caffeine has found its way into orange,apple,and other flavored drinks.Small amounts of caffeine—a cup 4.　　　　　 two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people.However,some people have trouble with even small amounts.One cup of coffee 5.　　　　　 the late afternoon or evening will cause 6.　　　　　(they) to stay awake almost all night.Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem 7.　　　　　(call) caffeinism.You get very nervous and you can’t sleep. It is possible 8.　　　　　 caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans,too.One study showed that 9.　　　　　　　　　(woman) who drank a lot of coffee,like eight or more cups per day,while they were pregnant were more likely 10.　　　　　(have) children with birth defects. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】现在我们的许多食品中添加了咖啡因,文章介绍了大量饮用咖啡因对健康的不良影响。1.have used/have been using　考查时态语态。句中时间状语since childhood和现在完成时连用,此处指你可能从小就摄入咖啡因,表示动作从过去开始持续到现在或动作一直在进行,用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。2.is (was)　考查时态和主谓一致。主语Caffeine是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。此处表示一种事实可以用一般现在时。也可以指小时候的事用一般过去时。3.Recently　考查副词。句意:最近,咖啡因已经进入了橙子、苹果和其他调味饮料。此处单独作状语用副词,故填Recently。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.or　考查连词。此处指每天一杯或两杯咖啡,表示“或者”用连词or。5.in　考查介词。表示“在下午晚些时候或晚上”是in the late afternoon or evening,介词用in。6.them　考查代词。此处作动词cause的宾语用宾格形式。7.called　考查过去分词。句中problem和动词call是被动关系,指这种问题被叫做caffeinism。此处用过去分词表被动,作problem的定语。8.that　考查主语从句。本句中It是形式主语,真正主语是后面的从句。9.women　考查名词。此处表示泛指喝大量咖啡的妇女,指某一类人用名词复数。10.to have　考查动词不定式。表示“可能做某事”是be likely to do sth.,用动词不定式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
无提示词类必考点——介词和连接词【阅卷寄语】1.空格无提示词,当空格后的名词(前面一般有限定词)、代词或动名词在句中不是作主语、表语,也不是作动词的宾语时,那就需要填介词。具体填什么介词,要由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词或形容词与介词的句式搭配来决定。2.并列句是高考考查的重点之一,重点考查上下句之间的逻辑关系,如and,but,or等连用;both...and,either...or...;not...but...等固定搭配;while表示对比、转折关系。3.状语从句主要考查考生对连词词义记忆并熟练运用于解题的能力,尤其是时间状语连词(when,while,until,before,since);条件状语连词(if,unless);地点状语连词(where,wherever);结果状语连词(such/so...that)等。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.定语从句关系词中,如果“空”前是名词,“空”后是动词或者主谓结构并缺少宾语,那么就要填who或which。如果“空”前面的名词是人,就填who;如果“空”前面的名词是物,就填which。5.名词性从句缺少状语,用连接副词(where,when,why,how)等;缺少主语、宾语、表语,用连接代词(who,which,what,whatever,whoever等)。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(一)介词和介词短语典题感悟1.(2019浙江)But can uniforms help improve school standards?The answer 　　　　　this question is not clear. 答案:to解析:考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处是the answer to this question结构,表示“这个问题的答案”,故填介词to。2.(2019全国Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 　　　　　dogs,seven to be exact. 答案:of解析:考查介词。固定短语a pack of 意为“一群”。句意:首先欢迎我们的是一群狗的叫声,确切地说是七只狗。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.(2019全国Ⅰ)Modern methods 　　　　　tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s... 答案:of/for解析:考查介词。此处tracking polar bear populations作modern methods的定语。methods of/for doing sth.意为“做某事的方法”。故填of/for。4.(2018全国Ⅲ)I was searching 　　　　　these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.No one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were worried. 答案:for解析:考查介词。此处意为“我当时正在搜寻三只西部低地大猩猩”。search for 意为“搜寻”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.(2016,10浙江)Drinking my iced coffee I ran my fingers along the streets 　　　　　the hotel to the opera hall. 答案:from解析:考查介词。这里指的是在地图上从自己所住的宾馆到歌剧厅的位置。from...to...为固定搭配,意为“从……到……”。故填from。6.(2016全国Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back 　　　　　my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s... 答案:to解析:考查介词。go back to为固定搭配,意为“追溯到……”。故答案为to。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
7.I got a place next 　　　　　the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk. 答案:to解析:next to为固定搭配,意为“紧挨着”,故填to。句意:我得到一个挨着窗户的地方,因此我会看到人行道上的好风景。8.(2016全国Ⅲ) In India,for example,most people traditionally eat 　　　　　their hands. 答案:with解析:eat with their hands“用手抓饭吃”。with表示“用”。9.The mother continued to care for the young panda 　　　　　more than two years. 答案:for解析:“for+时间段”表示持续一段时间。熊猫妈妈对孩子的照顾会持续两年多。故填for。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法1.根据固定搭配选择介词当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。(1)介词与动词的常用搭配
take advantage of利用;have an effect on对……有影响;say goodbye to对……说再见;separate...from把……与……分开;make a list of列出一张……的单子;feel like想要;play with同……一起玩,玩弄;attach...to...属于,附在……上面;contribute to贡献,有助于,促成;care about关心,介意;call for需要;pay for为……付款;apply for申请;begin with以……开始;provide sb. with sth.提供某人某物;hold up举起;rely on依靠;refer to提及,参考,查阅
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(2)介词与形容词的常用搭配①形容词+about②形容词+at③形容词+in
be anxious about忧虑……;be curious about对……好奇;be concerned about担心……;be excited about对……感到兴奋;be (un)certain about对……(没)有把握;be particular about对……挑剔
be good at 擅长……;be astonished at对……吃惊;be delighted at因……而高兴
be active in积极于;be absorbed in专注于;be confident in对……有信心;be dressed in穿着……;be engaged in忙于……
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
④形容词+for⑤形容词+from⑥形容词+to
be suitable for适合;be eager for渴望;be famous for以……著名;be fit for适合,胜任;be good for对……有益;be anxious for急切盼望,渴望
be free from不受……影响;be different from不同于;be absent from缺席;be far from远离
be familiar to被……所熟悉;be devoted to致力于……;be harmful to对……有危害;be deaf to不愿意听;be equal to等于……;be fair to对……公平;be blind to对……是盲目的;be friendly to对……友好;be grateful to对……心存感激;be cold to 对……冷淡;be kind to 对……善意;be rude to对……粗暴;be cruel to 对……残酷;be polite to 对……礼貌
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
⑦形容词+of⑧形容词+with
be afraid of害怕;be ashamed of为……感到羞耻;be aware of意识到;be capable of能够
by angry with (sb.)对(某人)发怒;be busy with忙于;be concerned with与……有关;涉及,关心,关注;be strict with sb.对某人要求严格;be connected with与……有关
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(3)介词与名词的常用搭配①at+名词(表示时间)②in+名词(表示方式)
at Christmas在圣诞节;at dusk在黄昏;at dawn在黎明;at daybreak在拂晓;at midnight在午夜;at night在夜里;at noon在正午;at present目前
in English用英语;in cash用现金付款;in detail详细地;in advance提前;in ink用墨水
③in+名词(表示状态)
in debt负债;in need需要;in ruins成为废墟;in order井然有序;in comfort舒适地;in danger处于危险中;in rags穿着破烂;in peace平静地,平安地;in prison在狱中;in public公开地
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
④on+名词⑤by+名词(表示方式)⑥with+n.(表示情绪)
on account of因为;on behalf of代表;on condition that在……的条件下,如果;on line在工作(或运行);on sale出售,打折;on show在展出;on the decrease在减少;on the go在忙碌中;on the increase在增加;on the way在途中;on trial在受审
by accident偶然;by air/plane乘飞机;by chance偶然;by coincidence碰巧;by hand用手工;by mistake错误地;by the day按天算
with anger生气地;with confidence有信心地;with delight/joy高兴地;with difficulty困难地;with pleasure乐意地;with satisfaction满意地
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(4)其他介词构成的短语
with the help of在……的帮助下;on average 平均;because of因为;next to紧挨着;instead of代替;apart from除……之外;regardless of不管,不顾;at the foot of在……脚下;at the cost of以……的代价;at the beginning of在……的开始;at the end of在……的尽头;at peace处于和平中;at war在战争中;in return作为回报;in spite of尽管;in no case 决不;in no way决不;in addition to另外;in the face of面对;in response to作为回应
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法2.根据介词的基本意义选择的介词(1)表示方位的介词
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
①表示方位的at,in,on,to,beside/by和near
状元笔记in,on,to,off的用法in表示在某一范围之内;on表示与某一地区“毗邻,接壤”;to表示在某范围之外(不属于该范围);off表示“(时空上)离,距”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
②表示方位的between和among③表示方位的across,through,over和past
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(2)其他高频介词的用法①表示时间点的at,in和on
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
②表示时间段的for和since③表示交通方式的by,in和on
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
④表示“用……”的by,in和with
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(3)其他常考介词的用法①against的用法a.(表示态度)反对An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.b.(表示对比)以……为背景The skier’s red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.c.(表示方位)倚靠着……The girl was leaning against the wall with her arms folded.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
②beyond的用法a.(表示位置)在……另一边,在……更远处The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.b.(表示时间)晚于……He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.c.(表示程度)超出,非……所能及The book is beyond me.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
③over的用法a.(表示方位)越过The airplane flew over the mountains and disappeared in the distance.b.(表示等级或数目)高于,在……之上,超过He has got the job because he has the advantage over others of knowing many languages.c.(表示时间或过程)在……期间I’m sorry I didn’t phone you,but I’ve been very busy over the past couple of weeks.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
④to的用法a.(表示方向、距离)到,向,去It was on the way to the railway station.b.(表示时间)直到……为止,到He wakes at a quarter to six every morning.c.(表示比较、比例、参照)与……相比,相对于……而言I prefer oranges to apples.d.达到(某一点或某个限度)Temperatures dropped to 25 degrees below zero.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
⑤with的用法a.和……一起,和,同,跟Would you like to go shopping with me?b.(表示同时或同一方向)随着With time going by,the little tree has grown up.c.具有,带有The dictionary is what I want,but I don’t have enough money with me.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(二)并列连词典题感悟1.(2019全国Ⅱ)I work not because I have to, 　　because I want to. 答案:but解析:考查连词。此处是“not...but...”结构,意为“不是……而是……”,故填but。2.(2016全国Ⅲ)In much of Asia,especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China,Japan,Korea,　　　　　 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks. 答案:and解析:考查并列连词。这里列举了亚洲的一些国家,空格前后都是表示国家的专有名词,前后“平行对等”,这里表示并列顺承关系,所以用and。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.Looking back,I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our fear.Overcome it,　　　　　 we will be able to achieve our goals. 答案:and解析:考查“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”。后句句意:克服它,我们就能够达到我们的目标。前后为顺承关系,故用and。4.One day,the cow was eating grass 　　　　　it began to rain heavily. 答案:when解析:考查固定句式。be doing...when...“正在做……,突然/这时……”。故填when。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法1.精准记忆并列连词
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法2.海量积累句型公式(1)祈使句+and/or+陈述句。当表示顺承关系时用and,表示转折关系时用or。Work hard,or you will fail.(2)when可用于并列句,意为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:①be about to do sth.when...“正要做某事,这时突然……”We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.②be on the point of doing sth.when...“正要做某事,这时突然……”③be doing sth.when...“正在做某事,这时突然……”Last Monday,I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.④had done sth.when...“刚做了某事,这时突然……”I had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(三)定语从句典题感悟1.(2019全国Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters 　　　　　had great experience with caring for these animals. 答案:who解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,masters是先行词,后面是定语从句。从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词,又因为指代表示“人”的名词masters,所以填who。2.(2019浙江)A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth 　　　　　gives off light in the dark. 答案:that/which解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为a piece of cloth,且定语从句中缺少主语,故填关系代词that/which。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.(2019全国Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 　　　　　she opened with her late husband Les. 答案:which解析:考查非限制性定语从句。the pet shop是先行词,指物,空格后面的句子中缺少宾语,故用which引导非限制性定语从句。4.(2018全国Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 　　　　　showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 答案:that/which解析:引导一个定语从句,代替指物的先行词study,在句中作主语,故用关系代词that/which。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.(2018全国Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program 　　　　　gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 答案:that/which解析:根据语境“...gives s specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers”修饰 “a soil-testing program”,先行词表示物,关系代词作定语从句的主语,用that或者which。6.(2017全国Ⅰ)Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,　　　　　 is not good for the health. 答案:which解析:考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语,且指代整个主句的内容,故填关系代词which。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法1.两步并举,关系词选定不用愁Step 1:寻找先行词,辨别人与物先行词指人时常用who,whom,that;指物时常用 that,which。Step 2:判断所缺成分,选择关系词当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时,要想到分别采用who(指人),that(指人或物),which(指物),whom(指人),whose(指人或物);当定语从句部分缺少时间状语、地点状语、原因状语时,要想到分别采用when,where,why。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法2.语法知识海量积累(1)关系代词引导的定语从句①who,whom,whose引导的定语从句a. who或whom均可指代人,但who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom在从句中作宾语;两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略。I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards.b.whose表所属关系,一般指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which;指人时相当于of whom。I paid a visit to a school nearby whose environment was very beautiful.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
②that,which引导的定语从句a.which指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语,也可作定语,作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略。b.限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that不用which的情况:●先行词为不定代词anything,nothing,something,everything,all,some,none,little,few,the one等时。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.●先行词是形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
●先行词被the only,the very,the last,the same,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,all等修饰时。The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.●先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey.c.关系代词只用which而不用that的情况:●关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。In ten years,I will build up my own firm,which can help many people solve the problem of finding a job.●关系代词前有介词时。We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
③as引导的定语从句●as可以引导限制性定语从句,常用于“so/such/the same+先行词+as...”结构中。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.●as也可以引导非限制性定语从句,定语从句说明整个句子,可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有:as the saying goes,as is said above,as is mentioned above,as often happens,as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper等。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(2)关系副词(when/where/why)引导的限制性定语从句①where引导的定语从句where(=in/at/on/which)表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,其先行词往往是表示地点、场合的名词,如place,room,house,school,hotel,factory,street,town,city,country等。The village where I was born has grown into a town.状元笔记当先行词为situation,case,stage,point,activity,atmosphere等抽象名词,且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的地点等时,常用关系副词where引导。Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
②when引导的定语从句when(=at/in/on/during+which)表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,其先行词常常是表示时间的名词,如time,day,year,hour等。I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.③why引导的定语从句why(=for which)表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词一般是reason。He didn’t give the reason why (=for which) he came so early.状元笔记非限制性定语从句中,用for which表示原因而不用why。I had told them the reason,for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(3)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时,用which;先行词指人时,用whom。介词和关系代词的确定:①根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯。I will work hard to enter Beijing University,from which Tu Youyou graduated.②看与从句中形容词的搭配。The student with whom she is strict has made great progress.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
③根据先行词的搭配习惯。The company in which Peter is working is very famous.④句子的意思。I wish to thank Professor Smith,without whose help I would never have gone this far.⑤表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,用of。在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom。Maria has written two novels,both of which have been made into television series.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(四)状语从句典题感悟1.(2016,10浙江)I made my way backstage just 　　　　　the great magician was putting on his top hat. 答案:as/when解析:考查时间状语从句的引导词。当魔术师在(后台)往头上戴帽子的时候,我正往后台走去。make one’s way to意为“前往”。as/when引导一个时间状语从句,意为“当……时”。2.For the first few weeks,I didn’t miss home or really feel any kind of emotion at all except tired.There was so much for me to learn 　　　　　I hadn’t had time to think about anything. 答案:that解析:这是一个“so...that”结构,其中that引导的是一个结果状语从句。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.But you don’t know that 　　　　　I started senior English in the beginning,I found it difficult and quite different from what we had learned in junior school. 答案:when解析:句意:但是你不知道起初我开始学高中英语的时候,我发现它很难,并且和我们初中学的相当不同。when“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句。4.Half an hour later,Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi 　　　　　the bus had dropped her. 答案:where解析:句意:半小时后,露西仍然没有从下公交车的地方打到出租车。where“在……地方”,引导地点状语从句。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法1.巧辨并列句和状语从句并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”,两者之间是并列关系;而在状语从句中前后两个句子一个是主句,一个是从句,从句是用来修饰主句的。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法2.海量积累从句连词
While I understand what you said,I can’t agree with you.As is reported,it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon,whenever it is convenient to you.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法3.精准记忆句型公式1.so/such...that...如此……以至于……2.not...until..直到……时候才……3.It is some time since...自从……多长时间4.whether or not...无论……还是……,引导让步状语从句5.when意为“就在这/那时”,常用于以下句式:(1)be doing sth.when...正在做……就在这/那时(2)be about to do sth.when...刚要做……就在这/那时(3)have just done sth.when...刚刚做完……就在这/时……(4)hardly...when...刚一……就……
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(五)名词性从句典题感悟1.(2019全国Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 　　　　　they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 答案:that解析:考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
2.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief 　　　　　you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 答案:that解析:考查同位语从句。句意:通往最高水平的成功之路就是拥有坚定的信念:在运动场上你比任何人都更棒。belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明,故为同位语从句,that表示陈述一个事实,故用that。3.(2018全国Ⅲ)I’m not sure 　　　　　is more frightened,me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 答案:which解析:根据下文的“me or the female gorilla”可知,此处给出两个选择,句意:我不确定哪一个感到更害怕。故填连接代词which。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.It suddenly occurred to him 　　　　　he had left his keys in the office. 答案:that解析:句意:他突然想起了他把钥匙漏在了办公室里。“it occurs/occurred to sb.+that从句”是固定句型,意思是某人突然想起……。that引导主语从句。5.　　　　　 we may find interesting is that it usually takes more to be polite. 答案:What解析:引导一个主语从句,在从句中作find的宾语,用what。句意:我们会发现有趣的是通常需要更有礼貌。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
6.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is 　　　　　one can be entirely free from dust. 答案:that解析:分析句子结构可知,此处是表语从句,且从句中不缺任何成分,故用that引导。7.All my friends were so excited to start their own lives,but I just wasn’t sure 　　　　　I was ready for that yet. 答案:whether/if解析:引导一个宾语从句,表示“是否”,用whether/if。句意:我所有的朋友都准备开始自己的生活,但是我不确定我是否做好了准备。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
8.I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer,which is 　　　　　he never finishes anything. 答案:why解析:考查表语从句。句意:恐怕他是一个空谈家而不是一个实干家,那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“which is...”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句,根据句意用“why”引导。9.(2014广东) I didn’t understand 　　　　　this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. 答案:why解析:考查宾语从句的引导词。“我”不知道/不明白　　　会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因。故答案为why。 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法1.慧眼辨异同(1)whether,if(是否)引导名词性从句的区别在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:①引导主语从句并在句首时;Whether he will be able to come tomorrow remains a question.②引导表语从句时;③引导从句作介词宾语时;④与or not连用时;It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.⑤后接动词不定式时。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(2)that 与what引导名词性从句时,that没有词义,在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整,不缺任何成分时,往往选用that;而what引导名词性从句时,意为“什么”或“……的”,在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语。What you said yesterday is right.(what引导主语从句,作said的宾语)That she is still alive is a consolation.(that引导主语从句,不作任何成分,但不可省略)
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(3)同位语从句与定语从句同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明,引导词只起引导作用,不在句中作任何成分,一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制,引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.(同位语从句,进一步解释news的内容)The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.(定语从句,修饰news)
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法2.表语从句大盘点表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be,look,remain,seem 等。(1)引导表语从句的连接词:从属连词that,whether;连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等;连接副词when,where,why,how等;从句用陈述语序。This is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。That’s just what I want.那正是我想要的。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(2)because,why引导的表语从句because,why也可引导表语从句,但because引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason或cause(该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型:
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法3.同位语从句巧归纳同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,位于该名词之后,用以说明该名词的具体内容。(1)常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有:fact事实;conclusion结论;demand要求;doubt怀疑;advice建议;hope希望;idea主意;information信息;message消息;news消息;order命令;possibility可能性;promise诺言;question问题;request请求;suggestion建议;thought想法;plan计划(2)引导同位语从句的连接词有:that,whether,how,where,when,why等。The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
考点集训A组　基础语篇练技法Passage 1主题语境:人与社会——志愿服务　建议用时:9’　实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 While driving home the other day,Jane Hodgson noticed someone lying on the road.Without 1.　　　　　(hesitate),Jane,who had completed the first-aid course,pulled over to offer help.It turned out the injured,a young girl called Jenny,2. 　　　　　(hit)by a car,landing on her head and shoulder. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
“She wasn’t wearing a helmet when she got 3. 　　　　　(knock)down,and I was worried that she might have had a spinal(脊椎)injury,4.　　　　　 after looking her over I did feel fairly confident that she hadn’t.As we waited for the ambulance,5.　　　　　 amount of pain the girl experienced was increasing.To take her attention away,I kept her 6.　　　　　(talk)all the time.We chatted about her boyfriend,football,the weather and anything I could think of 7.　　　　　(keep)her mind off the pain.And this helped,” said Jane. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Later,a doctor 8.　　　　　 the local hospital’s ICU stopped at the scene,too.He did all he could to make the girl more 9.　　　　　(comfort)until the emergency services arrived some 20 minutes later. Thinking back,Jane said,“ 10.　　　　　 is great to know that in a small way I helped that girl through a frightening experience.I’m glad to have made a difference.” 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本篇为记叙文。文章讲述了Jane Hodgson的一次参加急救的经历。1.hesitation　考查名词。空白处所填单词在句中作介词without的宾语,需用hesitate的名词形式。句意:学过急救课程的简毫不犹豫地靠边停车提供帮助。2.had been hit　考查动词的时态和语态。主语the injured是被撞倒的,故用被动语态;从句谓语动词动作hit发生在主句谓语动词动作turned out之前,故用过去完成时。句意:原来受伤的是一个叫珍妮的年轻女孩,她被一辆汽车撞倒了,头和肩膀着地。3.knocked　考查动词的被动语态。get knocked down是“get+过去分词”结构表示被动。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.but　考查连词。前后两个并列分句之间意义上存在转折关系,故用but连接。句意:当被撞时,她没有戴头盔,我担心她可能是脊椎受伤,但在仔细看了她之后,我确信她脊椎没有受伤。5.the　考查冠词。the amount of意为“……的数量”,后接不可数名词。句意:当我们等待救护车时,那个女孩痛苦程度越来越大。6.talking　考查非谓语动词。keep sb.doing sth.意为“让某人一直做某事”。句意:为了转移她的注意力,我一直让她说话。7.to keep　考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式短语作目的状语。句意:我们聊起了她的男朋友、足球、天气,以及我能想到的任何能让她忘掉痛苦的事情。8.from　考查介词。此处from表示“来自”。句意:后来,当地医院重症监护室的一名医生也在现场停了下来。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
9.comfortable　考查形容词。空白处所填单词在句中作宾语补足语,需用comfort的形容词形式。句意:他竭尽所能让这个女孩更舒服,直到大约20分钟后急救人员赶到。10.It　考查代词。it在句中作形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式短语to know that...。句意:知道以一种微不足道的方式帮助那个女孩度过了一次可怕的经历,我很高兴。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
B组　模拟语篇提能力Passage 2主题语境:人与社会——儿童书写问题　建议用时:9’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 A new report claims that children first entering school are finding it 1.　　　　　(extreme)difficult to hold a pencil.The cause is too much use 2.　　　　　 a touchscreen. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
In an age in 3.　　　　　 many adults have smartphones and tablets(平板电脑)and spend a lot of time 4.　　　　　(use)them,the same is true of many children.Even very young children are being given tablets as presents;the market for tablet apps for children has expanded in recent years.Many of those apps 5.　　　　　(design)to help children,and many educators search for the 6.　　　　　(education)benefits of using such technology and its software in order 7.　　　　　(improve)children’s learning. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
But touching a screen is not gripping(紧握)a pencil or a pen.That skill,once 8.　　　　　(think)to be second-nature,has been found lacking in a new generation of early schoolchildren.Doctors in the U.K.are encouraging parents to help their children develop hand 9.　　　　　(strong)by using building blocks and by playing outdoors more. Handwriting is still taught in schools.10.　　　　　 is highly likely that even today’s youngest children will need to employ handwriting skills for most of their lives. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本篇为说明文。文章对造成儿童难以用铅笔书写的因素进行了分析,并提出了解决这一问题的办法。1.extremely　考查副词。修饰形容词difficult要用副词extremely。句意:一份新的报告声称,刚入学的孩子们发现握铅笔非常困难。2.of　考查介词。use of...“……的使用”。句意:原因是触摸屏使用过度。3.which　考查定语从句。先行词为age,指时间,in which=when。4.using　句意:在一个许多成年人拥有智能手机和平板电脑并花费大量时间使用的时代,许多儿童也是如此。5.are designed　考查动词的时态和语态。文章的主体时态为现在时,而“apps”是被设计的,故用are designed。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
6.educational　考查形容词。修饰名词benefits用形容词educational。7.to improve　考查非谓语动词。in order to do sth.“为了做某事”。句意:其中许多应用程序都是为帮助儿童而设计的,许多教育工作者寻求使用这种技术及其软件以提高儿童学习的教育效益。8.thought　考查非谓语动词。once thought=once that skill was thought。句意:这种技能一度被认为是第二天性,但在新一代学龄儿童中却被发现缺乏这种天性。9.strength　考查名词。名词不可以修饰形容词,但是名词可以修饰名词:hand strength为名词修饰名词。句意:英国的医生正在鼓励父母们通过使用积木和在户外玩耍来帮助他们的孩子培养手的力量。10.It　考查it作形式主语。这里的It代替后面的主语从句。句意:很有可能,即使是现在最小的孩子,在他们的大部分生活中也需要使用书写技能。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Passage 3主题语境:人与社会——演艺经历　建议用时:9’　实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 While in high school,Brian Regan loved watching comedies best,so he 1.　　　　　(determine)to become a comedy actor one day. When he heard that a talent show 2.　　　　　(hold)at his school,Brian decided to take part in it.But Ken,one of his classmates,laughed at him,3.　　　　　(say)that he was not funny but silly.4.　　　　　 a moment,Brian thought about giving up the show.But he remembered how much his friends liked his jokes,and his teachers also said he was very funny.So he decided to make 5.　　　　　(prepare)for the show. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Brian did a great job at the talent show and won first prize,6.　　　　　 made his teachers and friends proud of him.Even so,Ken told Brian that he was not funny,and that he would never be 7.　　　　　(success).Brian didn’t understand why Ken said so,8.　　　　　 he confidently continued to work towards his goal. 9.　　　　　(luck)for Brian,most people encouraged him and some helped him become even funnier.He got a lot of opportunities 10.　　　　　(perform)in movies.Now Brian is a big comedy star,doing what he loves best. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本篇为记叙文。文章讲述了喜剧明星布莱恩学生时代初次参加才艺表演的故事。1.determined　考查动词的时态。determine to do sth.意为“决定做某事”,此处指过去的情况,故用一般过去时。句意:在高中的时候,布莱恩·里根最喜欢看喜剧,所以他决定有朝一日成为一名喜剧演员。2.would be held　考查动词的时态和语态。谓语动词hold和主语a talent show之间是动宾关系,用被动语态;过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的事。句意:当布赖恩听说学校将举办才艺表演时,他决定参加。3.saying　考查非谓语动词。saying that...作状语,表示伴随情况或方式,逻辑主语Ken与say之间是主谓关系。句意:但是他的一个同学肯嘲笑他,说他不是滑稽,而是傻。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.For　考查介词。“for+一段时间”作状语,表示某动作或状态持续一段时间。句意:有一刻,布赖恩想放弃演出。但他记得他的朋友们是多么喜欢他的笑话,他的老师也说他很滑稽。5.preparations　考查名词。make preparations for为……做准备。句意:所以他决定为演出做准备。6.which　考查定语从句。关系代词which指代前面整个主句内容,引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语。句意:布莱恩在才艺秀上表现出色,获得一等奖,这让他的老师和朋友为他感到骄傲。7.successful　考查形容词。空白处所填单词在句中作表语,需用success的形容词形式。即便如此,肯告诉布莱恩说他并不滑稽,他永远也不会成功。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
8.but　考查连词。前后两个并列句之间为转折关系,故填but。句意:布莱恩不明白为什么肯这样说,但他信心满满地继续朝着他的目标努力。9.Luckily　考查副词。空白处所填单词在句中修饰整个句子,需用luck的副词形式。句意:对布莱恩来说幸运的是,大多数人鼓励他,有些人帮助他变得更为滑稽。10.to perform　考查非谓语动词。opportunity后需跟不定式作定语,表示“做某事的机会”。句意:他有出演多部电影的许多机会中。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
C组　真题语篇通高考Passage 4主题语境:人与自然——偶遇大猩猩　建议用时:9’　实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2018全国Ⅲ)I’m not sure 1. 　　　　　is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.Unexpectedly,I’m face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at 2. 　　　　　top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the 3. 　　　　　(loud) of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid 4. 　　　　　(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 5. 　　　　　(challenge).
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
My name is Mireya Mayor.I’m a 6. 　　　　　(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching 7. 　　　　　these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.No one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find8. 　　　　　(they) alive.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature,the huge animal9. 　　　　　(mean) me no real harm.He was just saying:“I’m king of this forest,and here is your reminder!”Once his message was delivered,he allowed me10. 　　　　　(stay) and watch.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己作为研究灵长类动物的科学家,在中非密林中偶遇大猩猩的一次经历。1.which　考查名词性从句。I’m not sure后面接宾语从句,所以用which指“我”不确定“我”和母猩猩两者中谁更害怕一点。2.the　考查冠词。at the top of为固定短语,意思是“在……顶端”。 3.loudest　考查副词最高级。the和of all都提示要用最高级。 4.looking　考查非谓语动词。avoid后面要接动词-ing形式作宾语,所以用looking。5.challenged　考查非谓语动词。feel为系动词,后面要接形容词作表语,challenged “受到挑战的”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
6.scientist　考查名词。前面有冠词a,所以此处需要用名词,且为单数形式。7.for　考查介词。search for“搜索,寻找”。 8.them　考查人称代词。动词find后面加宾语,所以需要用they的宾格形式。9.meant　考查动词时态。前后句提示这里需要用过去时态,mean的过去式为meant。10.to stay　考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
无提示词类常考点——冠词、代词和特殊句式等【阅卷寄语】冠词的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:冠词的基本用法;冠词的固定搭配或习惯用法;以及抽象名词和物质名词前冠词的用法。●下列情况很可能填:a/an(1)　　　　　+可数名词(单数); (2)　　　　　+形容词+可数名词(单数)。 ●下列情况下很可能填:the(3)　　　　　(+定语)+名词+of等介词短语(表示特指); (4)　　　　　(+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指); (5)　　　　　(+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(一)冠词用法典题感悟1.(2019浙江)Everybody wears 　　　　　same style of clothes. 答案:the解析:考查冠词的搭配。根据same可知,此处用定冠词the,表示“同样的衣服样式”。2.(2019全国Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was short-listed,we thought it was 　　　　　joke. 答案:a解析:考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处意为“我们以为这是一个玩笑”。a joke“一个玩笑”
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.(2019全国Ⅰ)Of 　　　　　nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,... 答案:the解析:考查定冠词。此处特指“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”。故填定冠词the。4.(2018全国Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 　　　　　past 25 years,while rice has increased only 7 percent. 答案:the解析:此处特指过去的25年。5.(2018全国Ⅲ)Unexpectedly,I’m face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at 　　　　　top of her lungs. 答案:the解析:at the top of one’s lungs是固定短语,意为“用尽量大的声音”,因此填定冠词the。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法1.精准记忆定冠词的用法(1)在世界上独一无二的事物、乐器以及发明物的名词前要想到用定冠词。The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school.(2)谈话双方都知道的人或物以及上文已经提到的表示人或物的名词前要想到用定冠词。We own a dog and a cat.The dog is brown,and the cat is white.
the的用法:特指、二提、都知道,序数、唯一、与最高;一类、乐器和发明;方位习语全家找。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(3)序数词和形容词最高级前要想到用定冠词。As is known to all,China is the biggest developing country in the world.(4)某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人,要想到用定冠词。
the poor穷人;the dead死者;the old老人;the aged老人;the young年轻人;the living活着的人;the weak弱者;the injured受伤的人;the strong强者;the impossible不可能的事
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法2.海量积累不定冠词的用法(1)在单数可数名词前,表示泛指,要想到用不定冠词。It is said that a class of 200 students attended the lecture on the nature of human beings.(2)表示一类人或物,指同类中的任何一个,要想到用不定冠词。A doctor is a person who saves people’s lives.(3)表示第一次提到某人或某物,要想到用不定冠词。I went to a nearby restaurant,but the service there was terrible.(4)在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”,要想到用不定冠词。In Guangdong Province,it is common for a building to lack a fourth floor.
辅a,元an,一什么;可数单名前面搁。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法3.精准记忆定冠词的高频固定短语(1)定冠词高频短语
at the moment此刻;目前at the same time同时by the way顺便说一下go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧in the distance在远处in the end最后,最终in the habit of...有……的习惯make the most/best of...充分利用……not in the least一点儿也不on the contrary相反on the other hand另一方面the other day前几天;那天to tell the truth 说实话to the point中肯;切题
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(2)不定冠词的固定短语
1.all of a sudden突然地2.as a matter of fact事实上3.at a loss不知所措;困惑4.be on a visit参观;拜访5.be/go on a diet在节食/开始节食6.give sb.a lift让某人搭便车7.as a result因此8.as a result of... 由于……9.have a gift for在……方面有天赋10.have a good/happy time玩得开心11.have a word with与……谈话
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
12.in a word总之13.have/catch a cold患感冒14.in a hurry匆忙地15.in a way从某种意义上说16.keep an eye on.留意;留神17.make a living谋生18.take a walk散步19.take an interest in...对……感兴趣20.take/have a rest休息一会儿21.to a degree在某种程度上22.as a whole总体上
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(二)代词高考重点考查考查人称代词、物主代词及反身代词的用法、不定代词以及it的用法。试题的设计注重语境设置,要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
典题感悟1.(2018全国Ⅰ)If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 　　　　　a try. 答案:it/running解析:give it/sth. a try是固定短语,意为“尝试某事物”。2.(2018全国Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find 　　　　　(they) alive. 答案:them解析:人称代词作宾语时,要用其宾格。them在此作find的宾语。3.(2017,6浙江)“She thought I had hurt 　　　(I),” says Pahlsson. 答案:myself解析:强调主语I,作动词hurt的宾语,用反身代词。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.(2015全国Ⅰ)A few hours before,I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with 　　　　　(it) choking smog. 答案:its解析:空后为名词词组choking smog,设空处作其定语,故应填形容词性物主代词its。句意为:几个小时前我还在香港的家中,呼吸着那里令人窒息的烟雾。5.(2014辽宁)Raise your leg and let 　　　　　stay in the air for seconds. 答案:it解析:根据语境可知let的宾语为前文提及的your leg,故用it替代,以避免重复。句意为:抬起你的一条腿并让它悬空几秒钟。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
6.(2016全国Ⅰ)On my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 　　　　　(it) mother. 答案:its解析:mother是名词,故此处填it的形容词性物主代词its。7.(2014全国Ⅱ)A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh dear! It’s 　　　　　(I).” 答案:mine/me解析:此处I如果指前面的suitcase,此处应使用名词性物主代词mine。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法1.根据所指确定代词在句子中作主语或宾语时,通常填代词,包括:(1)人称代词(I/me/you/he/him等);(2)指示代词(it/this等);(3)不定代词(others,another,something/anything等);(4)名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers等);(5)疑问代词(which/who等);(6)反身代词(不能作主语)(myself/yourself等);(7)it的特殊句型。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her等)。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法2.精准记忆it作形式主语的名词性从句主语从句一般放在句首,但有时也可用it作形式主语,而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型:(1)It+be+形容词(necessary/important/likely/uncertain等)+that从句。(2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise等)+that从句。It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.(3)It+动词/动词短语(seem,appear,happen,matter,turn out,occur to,make no difference等)+that从句。(4)It+be+过去分词(said/reported/decided/believed等)+that从句。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法3.精准记忆it作形式宾语的名词性从句(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有:find,feel,think,consider,believe,guess,suppose,make等。(2)动词appreciate,hate,like,dislike,enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to,depend on,rely on等常用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
状元笔记(1)it常用句型:It’s time for sth.该做某事了。It’s time to do sth.到做某事的时候了。It’s time for sb.to do sth.某人该做某事了。It’s (about/high) time+that从句　某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式)It’s the first (second...) time+that从句　某人第几次做某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)It’s+时间段+since从句　自从……有一段时间了。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(2)it构成强调句it引导的强调句,通常形式为:It+be+被强调部分+that/who+其他。这种强调句由普通陈述句转换而来,用来强调句子的主语、宾语或状语。Karl bought Marva a bicycle on her birthday.→It was Karl that/who bought Marva a bicycle on her birthday.(强调主语)
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
(三)其他语境填词典题感悟1.(2019全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house,it was raining 　　　　　hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there. 答案:so解析:考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知,此处是结果状语从句,修饰副词hard应该填so。此处为“so...that...”句型,表示“如此……以至于……”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
2.(2018全国Ⅰ)While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it is more effective at lengthening life 　　　　　walking,cycling or swimming. 答案:than解析:这里是将跑步和其他运动方式作对比,再由上文的more effective可知,此处用than。3.(2018全国Ⅱ)Corn uses less water 　　　　　rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 答案:than解析:less是little的比较级,than引出比较对象。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.(2014全国Ⅱ)Then the driver stood up and asked,“　　　　　 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” 答案:Did解析:分析语境,此处指司机问“有人在上一站丢失手提箱吗?”这是一个问句,同时丢失东西的动作已经发生,应用一般过去时,因此填did。注意首字母要大写。故答案为Did。5.Mum:Are they there?Oh,my goodness.I 　　　　　have put them in there when the phone rang. 答案:must解析:考查情态动词。结合语境可知,此处表示对过去发生的事情进行的肯定推测,故用must。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
6.(2017浙江)Pahlsson screamed 　　　　　loudly that her daughter came running from the house. 答案:so解析:考查固定结构。这是一个“so...that”句型,意思是:如此……以至于……。句意:Pahlsson尖叫的声音是如此的大,以至于她(女儿听到后)从屋里跑了出来。7.(2016,10浙江)Not more 　　　　　a half-hour walk,I thought. 答案:than解析:由下文作者对演出时间的交代“The show starts in one hour;plenty of time!”来看,这里表达的意思:从宾馆到歌剧厅最多半小时的路程。not more than至多,不超过。故填than。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
8.(2016全国Ⅱ)So,get an early start and try to be as productive 　　　　　possible before lunch. 答案:as解析:考查固定搭配。as...as possible为固定搭配,意为“尽可能……”。故答案为as。9.(2015全国Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours 　　　　　,I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with its choking smog. 答案:before/earlier解析:考查逻辑关系。根据句意和“I’d been at home”的时态可知此处表示“几个小时前,我待在香港的家里”,“待在家里”应该是发生在过去动作arrived之前,故此处填before或earlier均可。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
技法点拨技法.开阔思路,根据语境定答案有时,一些语篇会借助助动词来构成某些句式,如疑问句、否定句或强调句型等;有时也需要根据语境填上相应的情态动词。另外,有时也需要根据固定搭配、逻辑关系以及句式结构填写适当的词。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
考点集训A组　基础语篇练技法Passage 1主题语境:人与自我——饮食与健康　建议用时:9’　实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 Eating “cleaner” meatWhere does the meat on our table come from?It is from livestock like chickens and ducks 1.　　　　　 meat comes.Hardly has anyone 2.　　　　　(know) that meat can also be made in a lab,however.US company JUST has announced that lab-grown meat could be on some restaurant menus in the US by the end of 2018.There will 3. 　　　　　(be) such meats like chicken nuggets(鸡块),sausage and goose gras(鹅肝). 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
It was in 2013 4.　　　　　 the first clean meat burger was produced.But it was said to taste dry.How does clean meat taste now?There 5.　　　　　(be) many clean meat supporters saying that it tastes just like traditional meat. Among other advantages of clean meat 6.　　　　　　(be) its healthier quality.Meat producers can control what type of fat goes into the meat.7.　　　　　　　 will be more healthy fats in the clean meat.8.　　　　　　　　 is these fats that are good for people’s hearts. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Another advantage is that clean meat 9.　　　　　　(do) help to solve global warming.According to The Washington Post,about 14.5 percent of the planet’s greenhouse gas emissions(排放) come from raising livestock.That’s more than the emissions from every car,train,ship and airplane in the world combined.It’s predicted that 10.　　　　　 by turning to clean meat can green gas emissions be lowered by 96 percent. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:1.that　此处是强调句式。2.known　此处是倒装句,根据前面的has可知使用现在完成时。3.be　空前有will,故填be。4.that　此处是强调句式。5.are　后面的主语是supporters,故填are。6.is　句子使用的是倒装句式,真正的主语是后面的“healthier quality”。7.There　此处是“There be”句型。8.It　此处是强调句式,故填It。9.does　此处使用does强调谓语。10.only　由后面的“can green gas emissions be lowered by 96 percent.”可知,句子使用倒装结构,结合句意用only。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
B组　模拟语篇提能力Passage 2主题语境:人与自我——饮食与气候　建议用时:9’　实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019广东广州一模)A recent study found that people who live in colder climates consume 1.　　　　　(much) alcohol than people who live in warm weather. “Alcohol is something that everyone thought harmful for 2.　　　　　(decade),but no one has scientifically demonstrated it,”a professor wrote in a press release. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Why do people in Russia drink so much?Everybody 3. 　　　　　(assume) that’s because the weather is cold.But we couldn’t find a single paper 4.　　　　　(link) climate to alcohol intake.Since alcohol could increase warm blood flow in the skin,last month,the researchers in a study 5.　　　　　(suggest) that people should reach for booze (豪饮) when it’s cold outside.The researchers combed through data to compare climate factors and alcohol consumption per capita (每人的).6.　　　　　 study also found that as temperatures and sunlight hours decrease,alcohol consumption goes up.Shorter hours of sunlight and cooler temperatures also relate 7.　　　　　 higher rates of depression,8.　　　　　 is linked to an increase in drinking. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
The professor hopes this data will help influence health policies on alcohol abuse.“Knowing that cold places have more drink-related problems can could be 9.　　　　　(help) to the efforts in these areas 10.　　　　　(determine) better places,” he said. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。最近的一项研究发现,生活在寒冷气候的人比生活在温暖气候的人消耗更多的酒。文章介绍了与酒有关的一些事宜。1.more　考查比较级。根据than可知此处用比较级,故答案为more。2.decades　考查名词复数。句意:几十年来,每个人都认为酒有害,但没有人从科学上证明这一点。此处decade“十年”,结合句意此处表示“几十年”,所以用名词复数,故答案为decades。3.assumes　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:为什么俄罗斯人喝那么多酒?每个人都认为那是因为天气冷。句子用一般现在时态,且主语是不定代词Everybody,后面的谓语动词用单数形式,故答案为assumes。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.linking　考查非谓语动词。句意:我们找不到一篇论文将气候与饮酒联系起来。此处paper和link之间是一种主动关系,是动词-ing形式作后置定语,故答案为linking。5.suggested　考查时态。根据last month可知句子用一般过去时态,故答案为suggested。6.The　考查定冠词。句意:研究还发现,随着气温和日照时间的减少,酒的消耗量也会增加。此处表示上文提到的研究,表示“特指”,故答案为The。7.to/with　考查固定词组。句意:日照时间越长、气温越低,抑郁症的发病率也越高,而抑郁症与饮酒增多有关。固定词组:be relate to/with“涉及,与……有关”,故答案为to/with。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
8.which　考查非限制性定语从句。前面是整个句子作先行词,后面用which引导非限制性定语从句,故答案为which。9.helpful　考查形容词。句意:知道寒冷的地方有更多与饮酒有关的问题,可能有助于在这些地区努力确定更好的地方。固定搭配:be helpful to“对……有用”,be动词后面用形容词作表语,故答案为helpful。10.to determine　考查动词不定式。此处是动词不定式作目的状语,故答案为to determine。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Passage 3主题语境:人与社会——体育　建议用时:10’　实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019江西南昌二模)Ballet is a formal kind of dance performance with a rich and interesting history.The word “ballet” comes from the French language,and 1.　　　　　(be) based on the Italian word “balletto”.“Balletto” means a little dance.Ballet’s early roots began in Italy in the late 1400s.But it was in France 2.　　　　　 ballet developed into the form we know today. The French ruler Louis the Fourteenth had a big influence 3.　　　　　 the direction of ballet in its early history.He ruled France for seventy-two years,4.　　　　　(start) in 1643.He started dancing as a boy and worked hard daily. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Louis the Fourteenth turned ballet into a form of dance that reflected 5.　　　　　(he) power and influence.Ballet’s many rules and 6.　　　　　(extreme) detailed movements expressed a person’s power and social relations.The king made sure that ballet became a 7.　　　　　(require) for the people of his court.He also started the Royal Academy of Dance,8.　　　　　 important people could learn this art.The aim of this dance was self-control,order and perfection. Ballet slowly changed from a dance at the king’s court to one 9.　　　　　(perform) by professional dancers.When Louis the Fourteenth died in 1715,ballet 10.　　　　　(bring) to other parts of Europe and was developing in other ways. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了芭蕾舞的起源与发展。1.is　考查主谓一致。句中主语为The word “ballet”,故谓语动词用单数形式,根据前后句可知,用一般现在时。句意:“ballet”一词来源于法语,源于意大利语“balletto”。故填is。2.that　考查强调句。强调句结构为“it’s+强调部分+that从句”。这里强调地点状语in France。句意:但正是在法国,芭蕾舞发展成了我们今天所知的形式。故填that。3.on/upon　考查短语。短语have an influence on/upon“对……有影响”。句意:法国统治者路易十四在芭蕾的早期历史上对其发展方向产生了重大影响。故填on/upon。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.starting　考查非谓语动词。句中逻辑主语为He,与start之间为主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作状语。句意:从1643年开始,他统治法国72年。故填starting。5.his　考查代词。修饰名词power and influence,前用形容词性物主代词。句意:路易十四把芭蕾变成了一种舞蹈形式,反映了他的权力和影响。故填his。6.extremely　考查副词。修饰形容词detailed,故用副词形式。句意:芭蕾舞的许多规则和极其细致的动作表达了一个人的权力和社会关系。故填extremely。7.requirement　考查名词。根据前面的不定冠词a可知,后接名词形式。句意:国王确保芭蕾成为宫廷人民的必修课。故填requirement。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
8.where　考查定语从句。句中先行词为the Royal Academy of Dance,在非限定性定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where引导。句意:他还创办了皇家舞蹈学院,在那里重要人物可以学习这种艺术。故填where。9.performed　考查非谓语动词。句中逻辑主语为Ballet,与perform之间为被动关系,故用过去分词。句意:芭蕾舞慢慢地从宫廷舞蹈变成了由专业舞者表演的舞蹈。故填performed。10.was brought　考查语态。主语ballet与动词bring之间为被动关系,故用被动语态,根据时间状语in 1715可知用一般过去时。句意:当路易十四世于1715年去世时,芭蕾被带到欧洲其他地区,并以其他方式发展。故填was brought。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
C组　真题语篇通高考Passage 4主题语境:人与自然——动物保护　建议用时:10’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019全国Ⅰ)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 1.　　　　　 they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2. 　　　　　(poor) studied;however,biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Modern methods 3.　　　　　 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 4.　　　　　(perform) consistently over a large area.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 5. 　　　　　(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a 6.　　　　　(believe) that populations are increasing.Scientists have responded by 7. 　　　　　(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 8.　　　　　(high) than they actually are.Of 9.　　　　　 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six 10.　　　　　(be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于居住范围广,监测费用高等因素,北极熊的数量难以准确估算,生物学家们对此持谨慎乐观的态度。1.that　考查连接词。该空前后均为句子,且空格后面的句子是对空格前面的名词evidence的内容的解释说明,由此判断该空为同位语从句的引导词,表示陈述语气,故填that。2.poorly　考查副词。该空前后部分均为谓语成分has been studied,用副词修饰谓语部分,故填poorly。3.of/for　考查介词。该空前面为名词methods,后面为动词-ing形式tracking,故应填介词。用of表示所属关系,也可填介词for。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.to perform　考查非谓语动词。该空所在分句已有谓语动词are,故应填动词的非谓语形式。根据“be+adj.+to do”结构可知,应填to perform。5.have reported　考查动词的时态。本句的时间状语为in recent years,是现在完成时的标志。根据语境,主语Inuit people与report之间为主动关系,且people为复数形式,故填have reported。6.belief　考查名词。该空前面有冠词a,应填名词,故填belief。7.noting　考查非谓语动词。该空前面为介词by,应填动词-ing形式,且scientists与note之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故填noting。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
8.higher　考查形容词的比较级。该空后面有than,应填形容词的比较级形式,故填higher。9.the　考查冠词。该空后面为名词短语,根据语境及空格前的of可知存在限定范围,故填the。10.are　考查主谓一致。根据并列谓语动词时态和语态一致原则,此处采用一般现在时和主动语态。故填are。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
专题强化练(一)　语法填空第一组A主题语境:人与社会——人际交往　建议用时:9’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (原创)We were down at the beach and trying 1.　　　　　 (find) a place to park in one of the numerous,and somewhat pricey,public parking lots.We were trying to get down to the beach 2.　　　　　 time to watch the sunset—one of my all time favorite 3.　　　　　(thing) to do.After several failed attempts,we 4.　　　　　(final) found one spot in the last lot so we pulled into the only space available. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
As we were on our way to pay the price of parking there,a woman came up to us and said she 5.　　　　　(pay) for two hours (all the time we needed) but she had just been called back home and asked 6.　　　　　 we would like to have her parking pass.She refused to take any money for it and insisted that we 7.　　　　　(take) it.We gladly accepted it and thanked her for her kindness. It was truly a “paying it forward” experience that we have often done,but one 8.　　　　　hasn’t been done to us that often.Such gratitude for that—so much more than the price of the parking pass.9.　　　　　(accept) the kindness of others is part of this process.We felt that and blessed by that kindness. We got down to the beach in time to watch the sun setting because of this woman’s 10.　　　　　(kind) and we were so grateful.It was a wonderful experience and the sunset was such a glorious sight! 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了作者要去沙滩看落日,在停车场里得到了一位女士的帮助的故事。1.to find　由短语try to do sth.“尽力做某事”可知,用动词不定式。2.in　由最后一段的“We got down to the beach in time to watch the sun setting”可知,我们尽量及时到达海滩看落日。in time意思是“及时”。3.things　由句中的one of...可知,其后用名词复数形式。4.finally　修饰动词found作状语,用副词finally。5.had paid　考查动词的时态。由主句的时态said可知,宾语从句的时态是发生在主句之前,表示“过去的过去”,用过去完成时。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
6.if/whether　由句意“问我们是否愿意要她的停车证”,这里的if/whether引导宾语从句,意思是“是否”。7.(should) take　由主句中的insist“坚持做”可知,其宾语从句用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。8.that　one是先行词,其后是定语从句,在定语从句中作主语,用引导词that。9.Accepting　is是连系动词,其前是主语,用动词-ing形式作主语。10.kindness　前有名词所有格this woman’s修饰,故用名词形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
B主题语境:人与社会——志愿服务　建议用时:8’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 For some US college students,a break from school is a time to volunteer to help communities in need.They take school-organised trips 1.　　　　　 (do) voluntary work. This spring break,I had the opportunity to go on one of these 2.　　　　　 (trip),and it was the 3.　　　　　 (good) week of my entire life.I went with twelve other students and two adults down to Rocky Mount,North Carolina in the US.We worked on three houses,4. 　　　　　 (build) roofs,painting,and landscaping. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
It was very 5.　　　　　 (reward) to see how much we were truly 6.　　　　　 (appreciate) by the people living in that town.Every time we went out somewhere for dinner,people came up to us to express their appreciation.This made us feel really good and 7.　　　　　 (motivate) us to get more done each day. The trip wasn’t all about work,however,we had 8. 　　　　　 amazing group of people who enjoyed one another’s company.We created our own fun,9.　　　　　 helped us get to know each other well.At the end of the trip,I came home 10.　　　　　 not only a great sense of fulfillment but also fourteen really good new friends. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】作者在假期参加了学校组织的义工活动。通过这个活动,作者收获颇多,并体会到帮助需要帮助的人是一件非常快乐的事情。1.to do　考查非谓语动词。句意:他们参加学校组织的做义工的旅行。动词不定式作目的状语,这个组织的目的是做义工。2.trips　考查名词复数。句意:今年春假,我有机会参加了这样的一次旅行。由句中的one of these可知,其后用名词复数形式。3.best　考查形容词最高级。句意:这是我一生中最好的一次周末。由句中的of my entire life可知,有比较的范围,用最高级。4.building　考查非谓语动词。句意:我们在三套房子中工作,建房顶、粉刷和园林绿化。由下文的“painting,and landscaping”可知,这三个词是一致的,故用动词-ing形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.rewarding　考查形容词。句意:看到我们得到住在那个城镇里的人们的真诚感谢是很值得的。由句中的was very可知,其后是形容词作表语。6.appreciated　考查语态。由句中的were和by可知,we与appreciate是被动关系,故用被动语态。7.motivated　考查时态。句意:这让我们感觉很好并激励我们每天做得更多。与上文的made并列,故用一般过去时。8.an　考查冠词。句意:我们有一群很棒的人,他们喜欢彼此陪伴。a group of表示“一群”,用不定冠词,又因为amazing是元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an。9.which　考查定语从句。句意:我们创造了我们自己的乐趣,这有助于我们相互了解。逗号后为非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的整个主句,引导词在定语从句中作主语,故用which。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
【状元笔记】本题易误填it。which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的整个主句,在定语从句中作主语;如果句中有连接词and,其后填it,是并列句。10.with　考查介词。句意:我们不仅带着一种强烈的成就感回家,同时还有14个真正的新的好朋友。with在这里的意思是“带有”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
C主题语境:人与社会——传统文化　建议用时:7’ 实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 Cold Food Day,which honors Jiezitui,a hermit (隐士)who lived some 2,600 years ago,used to be observed 1. 　　　　　 (wide),but today few Chinese observe it except on and around the mountain on 2.　　　　　 the hermit lived. Jiezitui served 3.　　　　　 an advisor to Chong’er,a prince in the state of Jin.A civil war forced the prince 4. 　　　　　 (leave) Jin and Jiezitui followed him.However,when Chong’er returned and became the ruler of Jin,his 5. 　　　　　(follower) were rewarded with money,land and 6.　　　　　 (office) jobs but Jiezitui was overlooked. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
So Jiezitui chose the life of a hermit on Mt.Mian,where he took care of his elderly mother.Chong’er’s men set fires on Mt.Mian to drive him out of 7.　　　　　 mountain and then reward him.But Jie and his mother refused and were burned to death.Out of 8.　　　　　 (sad),Chong’er declared Cold Food Day in honor of him.It 9.　　　　　 (celebrate) for centuries in China until 10.　　　　　 (replace) by the more popular Tomb Sweeping Festival,which begins the day after. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】节日是一个民族文化的反映,本文介绍了寒食节的由来。1.widely　考查副词。修饰动词observed用副词widely,意为“广泛地”。2.which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,“on 2. 　　　　　 the hermit lived”为定语从句修饰先行词mountain,从句缺乏on的宾语,故用关系代词which。由于作介词on的宾语,故不能用that。3.as　考查介词。由句意可知,介子推成为重耳的谋士,故用serve as“充当”。4.to leave　考查非谓语动词。force sb.to do sth.“强迫某人做某事”,故用to leave。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.followers　考查名词的数。由后面的“were”可知用复数形式。句意:然而,当重耳返回晋国,成为晋国的君主的时候,他的追随者们被奖励了钱财、土地以及官爵,但是介子推却被忽视了。6.official　考查形容词。修饰名词jobs作定语,用形容词形式。7.the　考查定冠词。由上文“So Jiezitui chose the life of a hermit on Mt.Mian”可知,介子推选择在绵山上当一名隐士,而重耳命令随从们烧山,想把介子推从这座山里逼出来。特指隐居的那座山,故用the。8.sadness　考查名词。of后接名词,故用sadness。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
9.was celebrated/had been celebrated　考查动词时态和语态。句意:在中国,人们庆祝寒食节有几百年的历史,直到更流行的清明节取代了它。分析句子可知,本句缺乏谓语,celebrate与主语为动宾关系,故用被动语态,清明节取代寒食节发生在过去,因此可以用一般过去时,也可以用过去完成时,故答案为was celebrated或者had been celebrated。10.replaced　考查非谓语动词。replace与其逻辑主语it为动宾关系,故用过去分词形式replaced。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
D主题语境:人与社会——科技生活　建议用时:8’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 China has released an app(应用程序) allowing users 1. 　　　　　 (identify) nearby debtors and report those who appear to be escaping the responsibility of paying back 2. 　　　　　 they owe.The Higher People’s Court of Hebei in northern China released the software,3. 　　　　　 (call) “a map of deadbeat (赖账) debtors”,last week as an add-on to the popular WeChat messaging service.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Users 4. 　　　　　 (give) an on-screen radar(雷达),5. 　　　　　allows them to discover if there is anyone who owes money within 500 meters,according 6. 　　　　　 the state-owned China Daily newspaper.Debtors’ information is available to check through the app and individuals 7. 　　　　　 (encourage) to report if they believe the person can afford to pay back what they owe but are refusing to do so.“It’s a part of our 8. 　　　　　 (measure) to carry out our decision and create a socially credible environment,” a court spokesman said.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Chinese society 9. 　　　　　 (general) disagrees upon people in debt,with citizens who live a simple life viewed more favorably than those who live beyond their means.All household debt as a percentage of GDP is 10. 　　　　　 (low) in China than in most Western countries,although this is beginning to change.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国推出了一款神奇的应用程序,能帮你查清身边的“老赖”。1.to identify　考查非谓语动词。由短语allow sb.to do sth.可知,用动词不定式作宾语补足语。2.what　考查名词性从句。“2.　　　　　 they owe”是pay back的宾语从句,在宾语从句中缺少宾语,指物用what。 3.called　考查非谓语动词。call与“a map of deadbeat (赖账) debtors”是被动关系,过去分词表示被动。故用过去分词called。4.are given　考查动词的时态和语态。整篇文章用的是现在的时态,Users与give是被动关系。故用一般现在时的被动语态。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.which　考查定语从句的引导词。an on-screen radar是先行词,其后是非限制性定语从句,引导词在定语从句中作主语,用which。6.to　考查介词。固定短语according to“依据,依照”,故用介词to。7.are encouraged　考查动词的时态和语态。整篇文章用的是现在的时态,individuals与encourage是被动关系。故用一般现在时的被动语态。8.measures　考查名词复数。由句中的a part of our可知,用名词复数形式。9.generally　考查副词。副词修饰动词,disagree是动词,用副词generally修饰。10.lower　考查形容词的比较级。由句中的than可知,表示比较关系,用比较级。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
【状元笔记】 佳句赏析China has released an app (应用程序) allowing users to identify nearby debtors and report those who appear to be escaping the responsibility of paying back what they owe.中国推出了一款应用程序,允许用户识别附近的债务人并报告那些似乎逃避偿还债务责任的人。本句是一个主从复合句。句子的主语是China,谓语是has released,to identify nearby debtors and report...是不定式短语作宾语补足语,who appear to be escaping the responsibility of paying back what they owe为定语从句,修饰先行词those,在定语从句中,又含有一个what引导的宾语从句作paying back的宾语。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
第二组A主题语境:人与自然——气候变化　建议用时:9’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 Plants have to be pretty hardy to grow 1.　　　　　(quick) in the Arctic,and those plants that do tend to live just 2.　　　　　 few centimetres above the ground.But the cold north in recent 3.　　　　　(decade) has seen some of the fastest rates of warming on the planet and the flora (植物群) 4.　　　　　(react) accordingly. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
It’s not just that existing shrubs(灌木) and grasses have increased their height,although that is the case,but rather that 5.　　　　　(tall) species are now moving into areas 6.　　　　　 they never used to grow in large numbers.This shift has negative effects,an international team reports in the journal Nature.Taller Arctic plants trap more snow around 7.　　　　　(they),insulating(隔绝) the ground from cold air.And that’ll speed up the thawing(融化) of permanently frozen soils,8.　　　　　(release) their carbon into the atmosphere.It’s an effect 9.　　　　　 should further warm the climate. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Isla Myers-Smith from the University of Edinburgh says that on current trends,the centimetres-tall Arctic plants could double in size by the end of the century.What 10.　　　　　(set) this study apart is its scale—more than 60,000 plant measurements all across northern latitudes.And that’s just the modern data—the research also lent on decades of previous observations. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。有研究称,低矮灌木、草地以及其他生长在北极地区的植物正变得越来越高。研究资料表明是气候变暖推动了这一变化。1.quickly　考查副词。副词修饰动词,句中的grow是动词,用副词quickly修饰。2.a　考查冠词。a few表示“一些,几个”,由句意可知,表示“几厘米”。3.decades　考查名词复数。由句中的in recent可知,表示在最近的几十年里。故用decade的复数形式。4.have reacted　考查动词的时态。由句中的in recent decades可知,用现在完成时,与前面的has seen并列。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.taller　考查形容词的比较级。由语境可知,此处表示现在植物的高度与过去比。故用形容词的比较级。6.where　考查定语从句的引导词。句中的areas是先行词,其后是定语从句,在定语从句中作地点状语,用引导词where。7.them　考查代词。around是介词,其后用代词的宾格,这里指主语plants,故用代词them。8.releasing　考查非谓语动词。releasing在句中作结果状语。9.that　考查强调句。本句是强调句型,强调主语an effect,连接词用that。10.sets　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由句中的谓语is可知,用一般现在时,“What 10.　　　　　(set) this study apart”是主语从句,从句中What是主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
B主题语境:人与社会——科技生活　建议用时:8’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 Moving silently through Alibaba Group Holding Ltd’s “FlyZoo” hotel,black disc-shaped robots about a metre in height deliver food and drop off fresh towels.The robots are part of a set of high-tech tools that Alibaba says extremely 1.　　　　　(cut) the hotel’s cost of human labour and removes the need for guests to interact 2.　　　　　 other people. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Inside the hotel,softly-lit white panelled walls bring to mind 3.　　　　　 insides of Hollywood spaceships.Guests check in at reception desks that scan 4.　　　　　 (they) faces,as well as passports or other ID.5.　　　　　 (visit) with a Chinese national ID can scan their faces using their smartphones to check in ahead of time. At the hotel’s restaurant,taller capsule-shaped robots deliver food that guests 6.　　　　　 (order) via the FlyZoo app while at a separate bar,a large robotic arm can mix more than 20 different types of cocktails.Facial recognition cameras add charges to the room rate 7. 　　　　　 (automatic). 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
The hotel does employ humans,but Alibaba refused 8. 　　　　　 (tell) how many.This includes chefs and cleaners as well as reception staff,9.　　　　　 will assist with conventional check-in procedures for guests unwilling to have their faces 10.　　　　　 (scan) and want to use electronic key cards. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文是说明文。本文主要讲述了瑞士科学家发明了一款新型机器人,这款机器人看起来有些像火蜥蜴。1.cuts　考查谓语动词。阿里巴巴说这些高科技工具极大地降低了酒店的人力成本。分析句子可知,本空格在that后的定语从句中作谓语动词。由and后面的removes可知,本句要用一般现在时。主语是第三人称单数,故填cuts。2.with　考查固定搭配中的介词。句意:不再需要客人与其他人之间的交流互动。interact with 为固定搭配,意为“与……互动”。故填with。3.the　考查冠词。句意:在酒店里,柔和的白色镶板墙让人想起了好莱坞宇宙飞船的内部。本空格是特指“好莱坞宇宙飞船的内部”,要用定冠词the。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.their　考查代词。句意:客人在前台通过扫描他们的脸,以及护照或其他身份证件办理登记手续。句子的主语是客人们,前台扫描的是客人们的脸,故填their。5.Visitors　考查名词。句意:持有中国国家身份证的游客可以使用智能手机提前扫描自己的脸来登记。由句中的“their faces”可知,本题填名词的复数Visitors。6.have ordered　考查动词的时态。句意:更高的胶囊状机器人向通过FlyZoo应用程序订购食物的客人提供食物。由语境可知,此处要用现在完成时。故填have ordered。7.automatically　考查副词。句意:面部识别摄像机会自动将费用加到房价中。分析句子可知,本空格在句中作状语修饰动词add,因此要用副词automatically。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
8.to tell　考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管这家酒店确实雇用了员工,但阿里巴巴拒绝透露雇佣人数。refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”。9.who　考查定语从句关系代词。句意:这包括厨师、清洁工以及接待人员,他们将协助不愿意做面部扫描并想使用电子钥匙卡的……。引导一个定语从句,代替指人的先行词chefs and cleaners as well as reception staff,故填who。10.scanned　考查非谓语动词。句意:他们将协助那些不愿接受面部扫描、希望使用电子钥匙卡的客人办理常规的入住手续。“have+宾语+done”表示宾语与作补语的动词二者是被动关系,要用过去分词scanned。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
C主题语境:人与社会——中国成就　建议用时:10’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019广东潮州二模)The world’s longest sea bridge,the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge,links Hong Kong and Macau to mainland China.1.　　　　　 took over a decade to construct.A few artificial islands were built in the Pearl River Delta 2. 　　　　　 (provide) the supports for the bridge.There is 3.　　　　　　  6.7-kilometre underwater tunnel in the middle of the bridge,4.　　　　　 allows ships to sail through the Delta.The bridge will 5.　　　　　 (great) cut the time it takes to travel from mainland China to Hong Kong and Macau. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
It’s believed that up to 29,000 cars 6.　　　　　 (cross) the sea link daily around the year 2030.Hong Kong will become a lot more accessible for goods and trade,7. 　　　　　 (attract) more business,so this bridge is 8. 　　　　　 (benefit) to its economy.The bridge will be open to people to drive across it.However,car 9.　　　　　 (own) will not be able to drive across the bridge unless they have a special permit.Most people will take a shuttle bus.Compared with driving a car,this will be much 10. 　　　　　 (cheap). 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了世界上最长的跨海大桥——港珠澳大桥。1.It　考查代词。此处为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式,故填It。句意:用了十多年的时间来建造它。2.to provide　考查非谓语动词。句意:珠江三角洲建造了一些人工岛,为大桥提供支撑。此处表示目的,应该用不定式作目的状语,故填to provide。3.a　考查冠词。句意:大桥中间有一条6.7千米长的水下隧道,允许船只通过珠江三角洲。tunnel是可数名词,此处表示泛指,故填a。4.which　考查非限定性定语从句。关系词指代先行词tunnel,在非限定性定语从句中作主语,故填which。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.greatly　考查副词。修饰动词cut用副词,故填greatly。句意:这座大桥将大大缩短从中国大陆到香港和澳门的时间。6.will cross　考查时态。句意:到2030年,每天将有多达29,000辆车通过这条海上通道。由时间状语可知此处表示将来发生的事情,应该用一般将来时,故填will cross。7.attracting　考查非谓语动词。attract与其逻辑主语Hong Kong之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用动词-ing形式作结果状语,表示一种自然而然的结果,故填attracting。句意:香港的商品和贸易往来将更加便利,吸引更多的企业,因此这座大桥对香港经济有利。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
8.beneficial　考查形容词。be beneficial to表示“对……有利”,故填beneficial。9.owners　考查名词。句意:然而,除非有特别许可证,否则车主不能开车过桥。owner是可数名词,此处用复数表泛指,故填owners。10.cheaper　考查形容词比较级。由“Compared with”可知此处使用形容词比较级,故填cheaper。句意:与开车相比,这要便宜得多。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
D主题语境:人与社会——科技生活　建议用时:9’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019山西太原一模)Traditionally,we usually get a general impression of 1. 　　　　　 (stranger) by the way they shake hands,talk,or walk.However,in the age of social networking,first impressions are sometimes made 2.　　　　　 looking at their profile photos on social platforms like Twitter or WeChat. These social images say a lot about our personality,according to a recent study,in 3.　　　　　 researchers used a software to analyze the profile photos to find out whether there was a connection between a person’s personality and his profile photo. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
The result reveals that open-minded people are more likely 4.　　　　　 (pose) with an object in their profile photos.Their 5.　　　　　 (excite) faces can tell how much they enjoy their experiences.Meanwhile,neurotic (神经质的) people tend to choose photos of objects rather than selfies to avoid 6.　　　　　 (look) too miserable because of the strong social practice against a sad or angry 7. 　　　　　 (appear) in profile photos. Apart from the objects in profile photos,the colors used in them also show 8.　　　　　 outgoing the owner is.For example,extroverts (性格外向者) 9.　　　　　 (find) to have the most colorful profile images,as they want to emphasize their personality. Next time choosing a profile photo,maybe we should ask 10.　　　　　 (we) first what kind of image we’d like to convey.After all,a picture is worth a thousand words. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。最近的一项研究表明,社交图片很好地反映了我们的性格。1.strangers　考查名词复数。句意:传统上,我们通常通过陌生人握手、交谈或走路的方式对他们有一个大致的印象。由后面的they可知用名词的复数形式,故答案为strangers。2.by　考查介词。介词by+doing sth.“通过做某事”,故答案为by。句意:然而,在社交网络时代,第一印象有时是通过查看他们在Twitter或微信等社交平台上的个人资料照片而形成的。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
3.which　考查定语从句关系词。“介词+关系代词which(指物)/whom(指人)”引导定语从句。此处study是先行词,指物,所以在介词in后面用关系代词which引导定语从句。故答案为which。句意:根据最近的一项研究,这些社交图片很好地反映了我们的性格。在这项研究中,研究人员使用一款软件来分析个人资料照片,以找出一个人的性格和他的个人资料照片之间是否存在联系。4.to pose　考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“很可能做某事”。句意:研究结果显示,心胸开阔的人更有可能在个人资料照片中与某个物体合影。故答案为to pose。5.excited　考查形容词。句意:他们兴奋的脸能告诉我们他们有多享受这次经历。此处表示“感到兴奋的脸”,修饰人作前置定语,故答案为excited。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
6.looking　考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”,故答案为looking。7.appearance　考查名词。前有a sad or angry,故此处应填名词appearance。8.how　考查宾语从句。句意:除了个人资料照片中的对象外,照片中使用的颜色也显示了主人的外向程度。此处动词show后面是一个宾语从句,结合句意答案为how。9.are found　考查时态、语态以及主谓一致。此处指的是一种客观事实,且句子主语extroverts与谓语动词find之间是一种被动关系,所以这里用一般现在时态的被动语态,故答案为are found。句意:例如,外向的人拥有最丰富多彩的个人资料图片,因为他们想要强调自己的个性。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
10.ourselves　考查代词。句意:下次选择个人资料照片时,也许我们应该先问问自己想要传达什么样的形象。句中主语和宾语一致,宾语用反身代词,ask oneself“问某人自己”,用反身代词ourselves作宾语。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
第三组A主题语境:人与社会——历史地理　建议用时:8’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 (2019四川成都三诊)Who built the first canal?Perhaps some people long ago,living in 1.　　　　　 dry country,discovered that they could dig ditches(沟壑) 2.　　　　　 (irrigate) their fields with the river water.And naturally in the days 3. 　　　　　 boats were the most important means of transport,canals were the easiest means of reaching a place.Furthermore,a ditch 4.　　　　　 (join) two rivers proved efficient for boat travel. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Today,most countries in the world have canals.Even in the 2lst century,goods can be moved more 5.　　　　　 (convenient) by boat than by some other means of transport.Some canals,such as the Suez or the Panama,6. 　　　　　 (save) ships weeks of time by making their voyage a thousand miles 7.　　　　　 (short).Other canals permit boats to reach cities that 8.　　　　　 (situate) inland.Still other canals drain lands where there is too much water.Help farmers irrigate fields without enough water,and provide water power for 9.　　　　　 (factory) as well. Most of the canals have a long history.Canals existed in Egypt thousands of years ago.And the Grand Canal of China was begun about 2,500 years ago.and took centuries to finish.During the seventeenth century,France built many canals that are still 10.　　　　　 use today. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】文章主要讲了运河产生的原因以及作用。1.a　考查冠词。句意:也许很久以前的一些人,住在一个干旱的国家,发现他们可以挖沟渠,用河水灌溉他们的田地。泛指“一个干旱的国家”,dry以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。2.to irrigate　考查非谓语动词。作目的状语,用不定式,故填to irrigate。3.when　考查关系副词。引导一个定语从句,代替先行词the days,在从句中作时间状语,所以用when。句意:当然,在船是最重要的交通工具的时代,运河是到达某个地方最简单的方式。4.joining　考查非谓语动词。所给词的逻辑主语是a ditch,两者之间是主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式作定语,表主动。句意:此外,一条连接两条河流的沟渠被证明对乘船旅行是有效的。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.conveniently　考查副词。句意:即使在21世纪,货物由轮船运输也比其他运输方式更方便。修饰谓语动词moved作状语,用副词形式,故填conveniently。6.save　考查动词的时态。描述一个客观的事实,用一般现在时,主语Some canals是复数,故填save。句意:一些运河,如苏伊士运河或巴拿马运河,通过缩短航程1000英里来节省船只数周的时间。7.shorter　考查形容词的比较等级。文中“缩短航程1000英里”,是和原来的里程进行的比较,所以用比较级,故填shorter。8.are situated　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:其他运河允许船只到达内陆城市。“that 8.　　　　　 (situate) inland”是一个定语从句,先行词是cities,描述主语现在的状态,用一般现在时;“城市”和“位于”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故填are situated。 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
9.factories　考查名词的数。句意:帮助农民在没有足够水的情况下灌溉农田,并为工厂提供水力。文中“为工厂提供水力”是复数意义,用名词复数,故填factories。10.in　考查介词。句意:17世纪,法国修建了许多运河,至今仍在使用。be in use“在使用中”,是固定短语,故填in。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
B主题语境:人与社会——慈善活动　建议用时:8’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 Dorothy Craw’s no longer involved in the day-to-day running of Newcastle’s Recyke y’ Bike recycling project she 1.　　　　　(found) in 2006,but Craw is still a guiding light for the charity.The workshop—like a growing number of similar ones around the UK—takes in 2.　　　　　(donate) bikes,which are refurbished (翻新) for parts.Then the bikes 3.　　　　　(sell) to fund the project,or they are given away to schools,community 4.　　　　　(group),and individuals on low incomes.500 or so are sent 5.　　　　　(annual) to development projects in Kenya and the Gambia.The UK bikes are often provided to refugees and seekers 6.　　　　　“get a very small amount to live on while their case is considered,” said Craw. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
“Typically they have to travel quite large local distances 7.　　　　　(register) with local authorities,meet their caseworkers and so on.Some days it can mean making the choice 8.　　　　　 eating and buying the bus ticket to meet these appointments:a bike solves this,” said Craw. Craw is a 9.　　　　　(represent) of the like-minded recycling project leaders around the world who,with little fanfare(炫耀),promote cycling as 10.　　　　　 form of transportation for otherwise disadvantaged individuals. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述Dorothy Craw创建的纽卡斯尔自行车回收项目,接收捐赠的旧自行车,进行翻新,送给那些需要的人。1.founded　考查动词的时态。由句中的时间in 2006可知,事情是发生在过去,应该用一般过去时。2.donated　考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语是takes in,其后是宾语,donate与bikes是被动关系,表示被动和完成,用过去分词,修饰bikes。3.are sold　考查动词的时态和语态。本句缺少谓语,bikes是主语,与sell是被动关系,再结合后句的时态“or they are given away to schools”可知,用一般现在时的被动语态。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
4.groups　考查名词复数。由句中的schools和individuals可知,后面也要用名词的复数形式。5.annually　考查副词。副词修饰动词,句中的sent是谓语动词,用副词annually修饰。6.who/that　考查定语从句中的关系代词。先行词是refugees and seekers,其后是定语从句,引导词在定语从句中作主语,用who或that。7.to register　考查非谓语动词。这里用动词不定式在句中作目的状语。8.between　考查介词。由后面的eating and buying the bus ticket可知,在两者之间进行选择,用between。9.representative　考查名词。由空前的a可知,其后用名词。10.a　考查冠词。a form of为固定结构,意思是“一种形式”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
C主题语境:人与自我——生活与学习　建议用时:9’　实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 You may be depressed(沮丧的) about something that may have happened to you or something you did a long time ago to 1.　　　　　 (you) or to others.But there is no need to carry that pain inside of your heart 2.　　　　　 (continuous). You should try your best to prevent it growing because soon enough,that one issue you are sad or depressed about 3.　　　　　 (turn) into a normal way of thinking.Negative (消极的) thinking has 4.　　　　　 damaging effect! 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
Stop 6.　　　　　 (live) negatively in the past,and focus on what you can do today and in the future.You see,you have no control 7.　　　　　 what happened in the past today.You cannot do anything about it,so why live there? Start living and loving the things you can control such as this 8.　　　　　 (beauty) day or call a friend with 9. 　　　　　 you once had a good relationship.Go out and create all 10.　　　　　 (kind) of exciting experiences and choose to live happily every day. 
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文告诉我们不要沉溺在过去的痛苦当中,要乐观对待人生。1.yourself　句子的主语为you,故用反身代词表示“你很久以前对自己做过的事”。2.continuously　在句中修饰动词carry作状语,所以用副词形式。3.will turn　由时间状语soon enough可知,此处应填一般将来时。4.a　have a...effect“有……的影响”。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.to be　表示“为了快乐你必须放开过去”。作目的状语,用动词不定式。6.living　stop doing sth.“停止做某事”,故用动词-ing形式。7.of/over　have control of/over为固定短语,意为“对……有控制能力”。8.beautiful　作定语修饰day,故用形容词形式。9.whom　“with 9.　　　　　 you once had a good relationship”为定语从句,先行词是friend,故此处填whom。 10.kinds　由空前的all可知,需填kind的复数形式。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
D主题语境:人与自我——家庭生活　建议用时:9’实际用时:　　　　　　正答率:　　　　　/10 Growing up,it 1. 　　　　　(be) my father who taught me compassion through modeling.He was a foreman(工头) in construction sites.I often saw other workers 2. 　　　　　worked with him to go to our house every Saturday because he would give them their salary for the week.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
I know my father as someone who is 3. 　　　　　quiet man,just observing everyone around him.He is someone who is strict when it 4. 　　　　　(come) to discipline but I never felt 5. 　　　　　(threaten) being raised by him.Maybe that is because I have seen his 6. 　　　　　 (gentle) and compassion to us and to others.Since he is a foreman,I would often see him talking to the construction workers 7. 　　　　　 they had problems.He is like a father or a brother to them too.One time,he came home and told me he would treat me because he had received his salary.Later that day,a fellow worker came to our house and asked where he could go to seek assistance for his sick child.My father listened and patted his friend’s back while he 8. 　　　　　(cry).When he was about to go home,my father got his wallet and gave his salary to the worker,9. 　　　　　(leave) only 2,000 pesos(比索).
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
I was so shocked and proud that my father was willing to give almost all of his salary 10. 　　　　　 (help) his worker.It is a lesson I will always remember.
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文主要讲述作者的父亲给自己在做人做事上做出了很好的榜样。1.was　考查主谓一致。这是一个强调句型,由主语it可知,谓语用单数,由句中的taught可知,用一般过去时。2.who/that　考查定语从句中的关系代词。这是一个定语从句,定语从句中缺少主语,先行词是other workers,故引导词用who或that。3.a　考查冠词。句中的意思是“一个安静的人”。表示泛指,用不定冠词a。4.comes　考查动词的时态。when引导时间状语从句,由主句He is someone who is strict中的时态可知,在时间状语从句中也用一般现在时。
考点一
考点二
考点三
考点四
考点五
考点六
考点七
5.threatened　考查非谓语动词。threaten与主语I是被动关系,过去分词表示被动。6.gentleness　考查名词。与后面的名词compassion是并列关系。故用名词形式。7.whenever　考查连词。由句意“因为他是个工头,不论建筑工人什么时候有问题,我会经常看到他和他们交谈”。whenever意思是“每当;不论何时”。8.was crying　考查动词的时态。由句中的patted his friend’s back可推知,从句的动作正在进行,应该用过去进行时。9.leaving　考查非谓语动词。my father与leave是主动关系,用动词-ing形式表示主动,作结果状语。10.to help　考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。