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(新高考)高考英语二轮专题复习课件 专题一 阅读理解(含解析)
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这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮专题复习课件 专题一 阅读理解(含解析)，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了专题一 阅读理解，返回目录，◎高考数据，◎命题规律，◎命题趋势，◎真题回放，◎考场思维，◎命题方式，◎答题方略，◎经典考例等内容，欢迎下载使用。
微专题01 深剖三年真题 把握命题动向
分析1 领悟命题思路 洞悉命题动向
大数据1 2019~2021年题型统计分析
大数据2 2019~2021年主题分布分析
1.体裁特点:考查全面,体裁以应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。2.题型特点:题型以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,以主旨大意题和词义推断题为辅。3.素养考查:以社会文化、学校生活、个人经历、人物介绍、艺术文化、科技发明为主,与当代社会生活紧密相关,既借鉴了英美文化、科技中积极励志的元素,也兼顾了中国优秀传统文化元素,充分体现了高考命题的思想性和育人功能。4. 能力考查:文章信息量大,语篇含有多处结构复杂的长句,对考生的阅读速度和快速处理信息的能力要求很高。
1.预计2022年高考阅读理解的难易度仍会保持稳定,总体稳定,稳中求变;题材各异,体裁多样;角度趋稳,设问科学。2.题型仍会以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,兼顾主旨大意题和词义推断题。
分析2 熟悉答题流程 掌握增分策略
解答阅读理解最基本的原则——忠于原文。其蕴含的解题规律:读文时,要透彻理解文意,充分从文中获取信息,这就是信息检索过程;做题时,要依据题目设问并结合选项,对检索出来的信息进行整理、分析,这是对信息进行思维加工的过程。通过“检索”找到答题根源,通过“加工”判定正确选项。
[2020·全国ⅡD篇]I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library. My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld. It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them. I always read,using different vices, as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it! It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks. Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
Dallas-Frt Wrth is packed with sprting events, hliday happenings, and autumnal festivals during the mnth f Nvember. The AAA Texas 500: This NASCAR Cup Series held at the Texas Mtr Speedway has been wn by famus peple. It typically takes place in Nvember, but in 2022, it will be held n Octber 26. Tickets range in price frm $49 t $400.
Dallas Btanical Garden’s Hliday: A “12 Days f Christmas”—inspired light display, this tw-mnth shw is cmpsed f “25-ft-tall beautifully decrated Victrian-style gazebs (凉亭)”,the rganizers say, and mre than a millin lights are hung arund the gardens, n histric hmes, and s frth. Hliday at the Arbretum will take place frm Nvember 7 t December 31, 2022. Sundance Square Parade f Lights: Held each year in dwntwn Frt Wrth, the Sundance Square Parade f Lights features mre than 100 lights,marching bands, antique cars, an appearance by Santa Claus, and perfrmers. Street seats are available fr a fee but there are als plenty f free viewing areas alng the rute. The parade begins at 7 pm n Nvember 22, 2022, at the crssrad f Weatherfrd Street and Hustn Street.
YMCA Turkey Trt:Mre than 25,000 peple participate in this Thanksgiving Day 5K run/walk. Guests are asked t dress like a turkey and begin the charity race frm Dallas City Hall at 9 am. In 2022,the race will take place frm Nvember 20 t 29. [语篇解读]文章主要介绍了在即将到来的11月份,美国的达拉斯·沃斯堡市将举办的一系列的体育赛事和节庆活动。
1.Hw will the AAA Texas 500 be different in 2022?A.Its date will be will attract well-knwn will last a lnger perid f prices will be greatly increased.1.A 细节题。根据The AAA Texas 500部分中的“It typically takes place in Nvember, but in 2022, it will be held n Octber 26.”可知,与往年不同的是,2022年的The AAA Texas 500的举办时间将会提前到10月26日,而不是往年的11月。2.What can yu see at the Arbretum frm Nvember 7 t December 31?A.Antique buildings.2.D 细节题。根据Dallas Btanical Garden’s Hliday部分中的25-ft-tall beautifully decrated Victrian-style gazebs可知,在这个灯展上人们可以看到维多利亚时期风格的凉亭。
3.Which event has requirements fr the participants’ clthes?A.The AAA Texas Turkey Btanical Garden’s Square Parade f Lights.3.B 细节题。根据最后一段YMCA Turkey Trt 部分中的Guests are asked t dress like a turkey可知,这个活动对参与者的着装提出了要求。
微专题02 突破阅读的实用策略
策略1 确定细节理解切入点
细节理解题题干针对原文的具体叙述进行提问,考查考生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节、文章的主要事实或文中个别词句的理解能力,一般包括查找信息题、数字计算题和代词指代等。1.特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、wh、hw much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。2.填空题形式: 通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节。3.就文中数字、排序等提问。
“先定位”“再对比”巧解细节理解题1.先定位找出题干的关键词,再去文章找同义表达或相似表达。2.再对比对比选项和原文信息, 是否是同义替换,理解句意,综合理解、推断再定答案。
技法1 事实细节题——“题干定位”法
[2021·全国甲卷A篇]
What d the wrks by Shepherd and Smith have in cmmn?A.They are winter are in black and shw muntainus fcus n snw-cvered frests.
第一步 找题干关键词the wrks by Shepherd and Smith、cmmn第二步 定位原文信息Mike Shepherd部分中的“It was an extremely cld winter’s evening and freezing fg hung in the air.”和Timthy Smith部分中的“I was back in my hme twn f Macclesfield t take sme winter images.”。第三步 分析对比Shepherd和Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬天的景象,故选A项。
技法2 间接信息题——“断章取义”法
[全国Ⅰ卷A篇] Capital City Bike Tur in Washingtn, DC Duratin: 3 hurs Mrning r Afternn, this bike tur is the perfect tur fr DC newcmers and lcals lking t experience Washingtn, DC in a healthy way with minimum effrt. Knwledgeable guides will entertain yu with the mst interesting stries abut Presidents, Cngress, memrials, and parks. Cmfrtable bikes and a smth tur rute (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
What will yu d n the Capital City Bike Tur?A.Meet famus peple. B.G t a natinal well-knwn interesting stries.
第一步 找题干关键词:Capital City Bike Tur第二步 定位原文信息:entertain yu with the mst interesting stries第三步 分析对比:文中entertain yu with the mst interesting stries与选项D中的信息“Enjy interesting stries.”相匹配,是同义替换,故选D项。
技法3 数字计算题——“加减乘除”法
[2022·山东师大附中高三检测] Hw much des it cst? Nw, Drne X Pr sells fr $150 each nline and tw at a discunt f 80%. It’s a great deal!If yu’re nt satisfied, return it and yu can get yur mney back. Because f the easy use, prtability, lw price, and small size, it’s abslutely wrth it!Hw much shuld yu pay t purchase tw such drnes nline?A.$120. B.$150. C.$240. D.$300.
第一步 找题干关键词purchase tw such drnes nline第二步 定位原文信息根据Hw much des it cst?部分中的“Nw, Drne X Pr sells fr $150 each nline and tw at a discunt f 80%.”可知,Drne X Pr的在线售价为150美元,及两个的折扣为80%。第三步 正确计算在网上购买两台这样的无人机应该支付($150×2)×80%=$240,故选C项。
技法4 代词推测题——“顺藤摸瓜”法
[2020·浙江卷B篇]The traffic signals alng Factria Bulevard in Bellevue, Washingtn, generally dn’t flash the same length f green twice in a rw, especially at rush hur. At 9:30 am, the full red/yellw/green signal cycle might be 140 secnds. By 9:33 am, a burst f additinal traffic might push it t 145 secnds. Less traffic at 9:37 am culd push it dwn t 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes. That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-grwing city just east f Seattle, uses a system that is gaining ppularity arund the US: intersectin(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time t traffic cnditins. These lights, knwn as adaptive signals, have led t significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.
What des the underlined wrd “That” in Paragraph 2 refer t?A.Increased length f green traffic signal timing f traffic traffic flw n the rad.
第一步 定位信息that位于第2段句首,应是指代第1段的内容。第二步 明确句意那是有意为之。第三步 分析推理根据第1段中的“Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.(就像交通本身一样,信号灯的时间也会变化。)”可知,该段主要讲述的是信号灯的时间会灵活变化。由此可推知,That指代“信号灯的弹性计时”,故选C项。
Occasins like anniversaries, weddings and reunins call fr special event venues (场地). The fllwing places may have a way ut. There’s n need t spend mney creating atmsphere at special event venues. It’s built right in! Hard Rck Cafe Anchrage 415 E. STREET, ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501 Events, like great music are brn f inspiratin. Featuring a 13,600-square-ft facility that will seat 275 guests with private event space, we pride urselves n delivering an exceptinal experience with a rck and twist fr each f ur guests.
Business Exp Center 1960 S. ANAHEIM WAY, ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA 92805 The Business Exp Center is Orange Cunty’s imprtant event venue in Anaheim, Califrnia. Our flexible 36,000-square-ft exp center is hme t space fr cnferences, trade shws and celebratins. We pride urselves n prviding a memrable experience with excellent flexibility, services, and cst savings. We wn’t charge custmers fr n-site parking and prvide high-speed Wi-Fi.
Autmbile Driving Museum 610 LAIRPORT STREET, EL SEGUNDO, CALIFORNIA 90245 Centrally lcated in the Suth Bay beach cmmunity f EI Segund, Califrnia, the ADM ffers a wnderful venue fr private parties and crprate events. Cnveniently lcated 5 minutes suth f LAX, right ff the 405 and 105 Freeways, the 610 Lairprt space has a special feel surrunded by ur primary autmbile cllectin. We ffer several different venues inside and utside ur facility fr diverse events. T better ur service, reservatins are needed.
Yamashir Hllywd 1999 N. SYCAMORE AVE., LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90068 Yamashir Hllywd is a restaurant and therefre, all fd and wine must be handled in huse. Hwever, guests are allwed t bring in utside wine and champagne fr a crkage fee (开瓶费). [语篇解读]文章介绍了几个可供特殊活动(如纪念日、婚礼和聚会等)使用的场所,并对其特点进行了说明。
1.What can we learn abut Business Exp Center?A.Yu can enjy free ’s hme t space fr music ’s lcated in Ls Angeles, Califrnia can experience high-speed Wi-Fi free f charge.1.A 细节题。由Business Exp Center部分中的“We wn’t charge custmers fr n-site parking and prvide high-speed Wi-Fi.”可知,在Business Exp Center你可以免费停车。2.Which venue d yu need t bk in advance?A.Business Exp Rck Cafe Driving Museum.2.D 细节题。由Autmbile Driving Museum部分中的“T better ur service, reservatins are needed.”可知,Autmbile Driving Museum需要提前预订。
3.What d the fur venues have in cmmn?A.They are pen t special are lcated in the same enjy cnvenient ffer an exceptinal experience and free services.3.A 推断题。由第1段中的“Occasins like special event venues.”可推断出,文章中四个场所的共同特点就是对特殊活动开放,一些特殊活动可在这些地方举行。
策略2 把握词义推测着眼点
词义推断题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语的本意或外延含义的能力,既可以考查生词的意义,又可以考查熟词的新义。词义推断题最常见的命题方式:(1)The underlined phrase“...” culd be replaced by “_______”. (2)The underlined wrd “...” in t______. (3)What is the meaning f the underlined wrd“...” in What des the underlined wrd “...” mean in
考生可以利用构词法、同义词、近义词、反义词、逻辑关系、定义和解释、例证、同等关系及生活常识和文化背景等方法猜出单词或短语的意思。
技法1 单词短语推测题 巧用线索猜词义
[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷C篇]When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl (水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A.Acquire. D.Distribute.
第一步 定位信息上一句“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.”第二步 明确句意美洲土著居民明智地保护了这些珍贵的自然资源。第三步 分析对比根据本句中的Unfrtunately可知,本句与上一句形成了转折,本句阐述移民者做得不好的地方,即移民者破坏了这些自然资源,故画线词的意思是“破坏”。故选C项。
技法2 句意推测题 确保意义一致推句意
In the future, she hpes ther cuntries will cntact her t launch their wn satellite surveys. The pssibilities are huge. Parcak estimates that there are at least 12 millin ptential archaelgical sites yet t be discvered. That means the sky is the limit fr her prject nw that it has gtten ff the grund successfully. What des the underlined sentence “The pssibilities are huge.” in Paragraph 6 mean?A.Parcak’s prject will becme cuntries will start satellite will be amazing discveries in archaelgical sites will be identified.
第一步 联系上文In the future, she hpes ther cuntries will cntact her t launch their wn satellite surveys.(将来,她希望其他国家会联系她进行他们自己的卫星调查。)第二步 联系下文Parcak estimates that there are at least 12 millin ptential archaelgical sites yet t be discvered.(帕卡克估计至少有1200万潜在的古迹遗址还没有被发现。)第三步 对比选项这么多的古迹遗址没有被发现,其被发现的可能性很高。下文中的ptential archaelgical sites yet t be discvered与D项“Mre archaelgical sites will be identified.”信息一致,故选D项。
I was nce a Chinese TV star. Actually, I’m neither a Chinese nr a star, but fr tw seasns, I was the French vice f ne f the majr characters in a famus Chinese sap pera. China has put a lt f effrt int sharing its culture with the wrld. Chinese mvies and TV shws have been translated int varius languages. As a result, dubbing (配音) jbs in China have increased greatly ver the years.
I landed my first dubbing jb withut having any previus experience, smething that wuld be impssible in France. As I entered the tiny recrding studi, I pretended t knw hw t dub, feeling mre than ever like a fraud. I didn’t speak Chinese, s hw culd I knw when a sentence ended? I managed t cntrl my shaking hands, and tried my best t match the French text with the Chinese lips. Finally, they asked me t try again, with mre emtin this time. And s I did. T my surprise, I secured my first rle. Once I was in the database, I gt ffered rles every nw and then. I really started enjying the Chinese sap peras. As the shws helped me t better understand the Chinese family and the relatinships between yung peple in China, I realized I was able t have deeper cnversatins with my Chinese friends.
And s I discvered that dubbing is nt a jb that stays in the ffice; it becmes part f yu. Nt nly because f what ther peple think, but because f what yu share with the character. When my character nce believed her mther had killed herself, I culdn’t help crying. I left the studi and immediately called my mm, and I believe that was the nicest call I ever made t her. This might sund silly, I knw, but I will miss “her”. Our ne-way relatinship was as fictinal as she was, but the emtins were real. [语篇解读]文章主要讲述了作者作为一个法国人为中国电视剧配音的经历。
1.Why did dubbing jbs in China increase quickly?A.China has varius cultures t has set up many cultural has develped very fast in recent encurages TV shws t spread its culture.1.D 细节题。根据第2段内容可知答案。2.What des the underlined wrd “fraud” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?A.Actress. 词义推断题。根据上文中的I pretended t knw hw t dub以及下文中的“I didn’t speak Chinese, s hw culd I knw when a sentence ended?”可知,作者起初并不懂得配音,而是在装样子,所以画线词意为“骗子”。
3.What can we learn frm the last paragraph?A.The authr thinks dubbing is nly a jb t make a authr likes the characters in sap in sap peras helps the authr a authr thinks it is silly t call her mther.3.C 推断题。根据第4段中的“As the shws helped my Chinese friends.”可知,在肥皂剧中配音对作者帮助很大。4.What can be a suitable title fr the passage?A.My First SuccessB.Dubbing in ChinaC.Dubbing, an Interesting JbD.My Dubbing Experience in China4.D 主旨题。通读全文,特别是第1、3段可知,本文主要讲述了作者作为一个法国人,给中国电视剧配音的经历。D项最适合作为文章的标题。
策略3 深剖推理判断隐秘点
推理判断题属于深层理解题。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括推断隐含意义、推断目的意图、推断文章出处或读者对象、推断观点态度。推理判断题常见的命题方式:(1)We can infer frm the passage that_______. (2)The passage/authr implies/suggests that ________. (3)It can be cncluded frm the passage that _________. (4)The main purpse f the passage is _______. (5)Where des this passage prbably cme frm?
1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理: 抓住关键信息,用某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,利用逆向思维或正向推理。2.整合全文(段)信息进行推断:有时需要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基础上,整合与题目相关的有用信息,综合起来去推理判断,确定正确答案。3.以事实为依据推断:一定要以文章所提供的事实为依据,不能凭空想象,这样才能做出合理的推断。
技法1 推断细节类—— “揣摩推敲”法
[2021·全国乙卷B篇] ... Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne(using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it). Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?A.It remains a family will fall ut f use sme may increase daily is as imprtant as the gas light.
第一步 找题干关键词inferred,landline第二步 定位原文信息“Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机?它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路?)”第三步 分析对比本段使用类比的方式,使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子,侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会被废弃的,故选B项。
技法2 推断观点态度类——“褒贬措辞”法
[2022·湖南师大附中高三摸底]Shark attacks nt nly disturb beach activities, but can affect assciated turist industries. Shark nets are a cmmn slutin t preventing shark attacks n beaches, but they cause dangers t sea ecsystems. Seeking a cst-effective way t mnitr beach safety ver large areas ... SharkSptter can detect sharks and ther ptential threats using real-time aerial imagery... If a shark is detected, SharkSptter prvides bth a visual sign n the cmputer screen and an audible warning t the peratr...
In January 2018, the Westpac Little Ripper, Lifesavers was used t rescue tw yung swimmers caught in a rip at Lennx Head, NSW... We believe SharkSptter is a win-win, fr bth marine (海洋的) life and beachgers. This unique technlgy cmbines dynamic vide image prcessing AI and advanced drne technlgy t creatively deal with the glbal challenge f ensuring safe beaches, prtecting envirnments, and prmting turism.What is the authr’s attitude twards the future f SharkSptter?A.Dubtful. D.Objective.
第一步 找题干关键词the future f SharkSptter第二步 定位原文信息We believe SharkSptter is a win-win, fr bth marine life and beachgers.第三步 分析对比dubtful “怀疑的”;ptimistic “乐观的”;negative “消极的”;bjective “客观的”,故选B项。
技法3 推断写作意图类——“意图推断”法
[2020·新高考Ⅰ卷C篇]In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea. His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, ... This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety... Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes... Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
What is the purpse f this passage?A.T intrduce a explain a cultural remember a recmmend a travel destinatin.
第一步 主旨大意第1段是背景,简要介绍作者的经历,引出他写的书。第二步 锁定信息接下来两段讲述了这本书的内容,最后一段是对这本书的评价,并进行了总结。第三步 分析对比文章主要介绍了作家Tm Bissell(汤姆·比塞尔)的书,与A项信息一致,故选A项。
技法4 文章出处题——“对号入座”法
[全国Ⅱ卷B篇]Many f us lve July because it’s the mnth when nature’s berries and stne fruits are in abundance. These clurful and sweet jewels frm British Clumbia’s fields are little pwerhuses f nutritinal prtectin. Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein(蛋白质), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants(抗氧化物质). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C. which is the passage prbably taken?A.A bilgy textbk. B.A health magazine.C.A research paper. D.A travel brchure.
第一步 首段描述这些来自不列颠哥伦比亚省土地上的色彩鲜艳的、甜甜的宝贝就是营养保护的动力源。第二步 锁定信息关键词:草莓、蓝莓、樱桃,维生素、蛋白质、抗氧化物质。第三步 分析推断文章应该是来自与健康和营养相关的书,即健康杂志,故选B项。
T hear peple talk abut Internet friendships, yu wuld think it was ne giant web f cat-fishing and e-crime. While we all undubtedly have t take measures t remain safe nline, assuming every friendship r cnnectin made n Instagram, Twitter r Facebk is cheating r insincere wuld be a mistake.
As a wman wh wrks in the creative industry, I have fund real jy in seeking ut a cmmunity I culdn’t find elsewhere and making sme great friends alng the way. My first nline friendship was n Twitter with my (nw) best friend, during the university exam perid. We exchanged study ntes in dzens f direct messages and set a study date. Drawn t each ther by similar circumstances, friendships nline are similar t ffline in that they tend t begin because f shared interest r cmmn grund—maybe they’ve read the pst n Instagram. Maybe they have the same taste in fd r plitics. Or maybe they just lve memes t. If nline friendships start similar t friendships ffline, they grw in the same way, t. Often thrugh mutual supprt: apart frm calling a friend t cngratulate him n that new jb, yu als retweet(在推特上转发) his jkes and praise his Instagram stry.
Despite my psitive experiences when I tell peple, mst are still suspicius. Eyebrws are raised higher when I explain nt nly have I fund a cmmunity nline but have made friendships with peple I meet face-t-face t. Actually, these are just as valid as ther friendships, accrding t behaviural psychlgist J Hemmings, wh says nline friendships can be real. S hw d yu knw if peple are there fr the real yu r just because yu’re ppular n Instagram? Hemmings has simple rules. She tells me, “Yu have t equally feel cmfrtable that yu’re getting smething f each ther instead f being used t enable smething that isn’t friendship.”
Therefre, if all a “friend” nline is asking yu t d is t prmte their wrk r persnal brand and rarely takes an interest in yu, then there may be rm t questin the basis f the friendship. On that nte it is wrth remembering that just because smene has a lt f fllwers, it desn’t necessarily mean they have lts f friends.[语篇解读]文章主要讲述了作者对于网络交友的看法。作者表明了自己对于网络交友的积极态度,并用自己的实际经历强力证明了网络交友给自己带来的乐趣,同时,作者阐述了网络交友的基础和原则:相互支持。
1.What is mst peple’s attitude twards nline friendship?A.Uncertain. 推断题。根据第1段第1句可推知,大多数人对网上交友抱有消极的态度。2.Why des the authr share her wn experience in Paragraph 2?A.T intrduce the backgrund infrmatin f the cnvey the authr’s attitude and give the related prve the likely risk fr peple t develp friendship remind peple f the varius benefits f making friends nline.2.B 推断题。根据第2段的内容可知,作者以自己的亲身经历作为例子表达了自己对于网上交友的积极态度。
3.Hw can nline and ffline friendships be deepened?A.They can’t live withut scial need t have cmmn require supprt frm each shuld be based n shared interest.3.C 细节题。根据第3段中的“If nline friendships start similar t friendships ffline, als re-tweet his jkes and praise his Instagram stry.”可知,线上和线下的友谊通常要通过相互支持来进一步发展或加深。4.Accrding t the authr, what’s the glden rule t make friends nline?A.A friend t all is a friend t cnfidence there is n friendship.C.A friend withut faults will never be cannt stand always n ne side.4.D 推断题。根据倒数第2段的内容以及最后一段作者对于网络交友的总结“Therefre, if all a ‘friend’ nline is... the basis f the friendship.”可推知,在作者看来,网络交友的黄金法则应是“朋友应该是双方的(相互支持),友谊不能总是一方在付出”。
策略4 明确主旨大意关注点
主旨大意题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词,并对主干句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类:标题归纳题、文章主旨题和段落大意题。1.主旨大意题常见的命题方式(1)What wuld be the best title fr the passage?/What is the tpic f the passage?(2)The main idea/The general idea/The main theme f this passage is_____. (3)The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis n ______. 2.主旨大意题的考查角度(1)标题类:要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。(2)主题类:考查文章或段落的主旨大意。
1.“高度概括”定标题(1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容,既不太大又不太小。(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断,但在某些文章中,如记叙文,没有明确的主题句,需要根据文中的事实细节,查找文章的“主线”,归纳出文章的主题,进而确定标题。2.“主题句定位”寻主题(1)细读文章的首句、中间句和尾句,主题句往往就在这些地方出现。(2)特别关注hwever、but等表示转折的信息词,主题句很可能就在这类词的后面出现。(3)表示结论性的信息词如s、thus、therefre等后面通常会出现主题句。(4)对于记叙文,要会根据所述事件进行归纳概括,领会其寓意,总结出文章的主题。
技法1 标题归纳题 据文章主线定标题
[2020·全国Ⅱ卷D篇]I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library. My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld... As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place... ...
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.Which can be a suitable title fr the passage?A.Reading: A Surce f KnwledgeB.My Idea abut WritingC.Library: A Haven fr the YungD.My Lve f the Library
第一步 主旨大意作者十分热爱阅读,呼吁所有作家支持图书馆。第二步 原因分析作者是一名热情的读者,孩提时喜欢阅读,十六岁时在图书馆工作。成为母亲后,一家人去图书馆读书,将阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家,作者呼吁所有作家支持图书馆,宣传图书馆。第三步 对比选项全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述,与D项“我对图书馆的爱”信息一致。
技法2 文章主旨题 据主题和文意定位
[2020·全国Ⅱ卷B篇]Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychlgist Susan Levine... fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills... The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities ... ... The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f the children in the study played with puzzles at ne time ... and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls. ...
What is the passage mainly abut?A.A mathematical methd.B.A scientific study.C.A wman psychlgist.D.A teaching prgram.
第一步 首段主旨智力拼图玩具有助于提高孩子数学相关的技能。第二步 文章大意孩子们玩智力拼图游戏的研究所考虑的因素、研究过程、研究结果。第三步 对比选项B项“A scientific study.”与研究主题一致。
技法3 段落大意题 分析首尾确定段意
[2020·全国Ⅰ卷D篇]The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther,emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.What is the first paragraph mainly abut?A.A new study f different plants.B.A big fall in crime frm varius frm green plants.
第一步 段首定位人与植物之间的关系一直是科学研究的课题。最近的研究发现了积极的效果。该句为主题句,引出下文。第二步 段尾信息在另一项研究中,当员工的工作场所有室内植物装饰时,他们的工作效率会提高15%。该句为细节描述,支撑段首主题句。第三步 对比分析只有D项(绿色植物的好处)恰当概括主题。
In New Yrk City public schls, 176 different languages are spken amng the mre than 1 millin students. Fr 160,000 children, English is nt their first language. New Yrk’s Department f Educatin makes learning better fr these students by prviding dual-language (双语) prgrammes. Students are taught in tw languages, English and anther ne, like Russian r Chinese. Maths, scial studies, science and all ther regular curses are taught in bth languages s that they culd learn abut the culture f the ther cuntries.
Milady Baez is Deputy Chancellr f English Language Learners and Student Supprt. She says, “The jbs f the future require that ur students knw mre than ne language. They are ging t be travelling abrad; they are ging t be cmmunicating with peple frm all ver the wrld. This will pen drs fr them.” Middle-schlers might nt have jbs n their minds yet. Fr Kequing Jaing, she likes keeping up her first language, Mandarin. “It makes me feel that I am hme because I can speak in Chinese and learn in Chinese, while learning in English. S it makes me feel better and makes me understand mre abut the task I’m learning.”
Anastasia Hudikva came t the United States when she was tw years ld. She says the Russian-English prgramme keeps her cnnected t her heritage(文化遗产) and her parents. The New Yrk schls als ffer dual-language prgrammes in seven ther languages: Arabic, French, Haitian Crele, Hebrew, Krean, Plish and Spanish. There are plans t add even mre languages in the future. While these dual-language prgrammes are ppular, educatrs in the US say that teaching English cmes first. Anyway English is the fficial language f the United States. [语篇解读] 纽约市通过启动双语言项目来帮助孩子们更好地学习。他们不仅学习语言,还学习其他国家的文化。
1.Why are many curses f public schls in New Yrk City taught in bth languages?A.T attract mre students t study in the public encurage mre students t g abrad t study shw the advantages f studying in the public get the students t knw abut the cultures f ther cuntries.1.D 细节题。根据第2段可知,纽约市用两种语言教学是为了让学生了解其他国家的文化。2.Hw des the passage intrduce the fact that it’s imprtant t learn different languages?A.By making giving sme listing peple’s making the situatin clear.2.C 推断题。根据第3、4、5段可知,文章通过列举人们的态度来介绍学习不同语言的重要性。
微专题01 深剖三年真题 把握命题动向
分析1 领悟命题思路 洞悉命题动向
大数据1 2019~2021年题型统计分析
大数据2 2019~2021年主题分布分析
1.体裁特点:考查全面,体裁以应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。2.题型特点:题型以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,以主旨大意题和词义推断题为辅。3.素养考查:以社会文化、学校生活、个人经历、人物介绍、艺术文化、科技发明为主,与当代社会生活紧密相关,既借鉴了英美文化、科技中积极励志的元素,也兼顾了中国优秀传统文化元素,充分体现了高考命题的思想性和育人功能。4. 能力考查:文章信息量大,语篇含有多处结构复杂的长句,对考生的阅读速度和快速处理信息的能力要求很高。
1.预计2022年高考阅读理解的难易度仍会保持稳定,总体稳定,稳中求变;题材各异,体裁多样;角度趋稳,设问科学。2.题型仍会以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,兼顾主旨大意题和词义推断题。
分析2 熟悉答题流程 掌握增分策略
解答阅读理解最基本的原则——忠于原文。其蕴含的解题规律:读文时,要透彻理解文意,充分从文中获取信息,这就是信息检索过程;做题时,要依据题目设问并结合选项,对检索出来的信息进行整理、分析,这是对信息进行思维加工的过程。通过“检索”找到答题根源,通过“加工”判定正确选项。
[2020·全国ⅡD篇]I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library. My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld. It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them. I always read,using different vices, as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it! It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks. Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
Dallas-Frt Wrth is packed with sprting events, hliday happenings, and autumnal festivals during the mnth f Nvember. The AAA Texas 500: This NASCAR Cup Series held at the Texas Mtr Speedway has been wn by famus peple. It typically takes place in Nvember, but in 2022, it will be held n Octber 26. Tickets range in price frm $49 t $400.
Dallas Btanical Garden’s Hliday: A “12 Days f Christmas”—inspired light display, this tw-mnth shw is cmpsed f “25-ft-tall beautifully decrated Victrian-style gazebs (凉亭)”,the rganizers say, and mre than a millin lights are hung arund the gardens, n histric hmes, and s frth. Hliday at the Arbretum will take place frm Nvember 7 t December 31, 2022. Sundance Square Parade f Lights: Held each year in dwntwn Frt Wrth, the Sundance Square Parade f Lights features mre than 100 lights,marching bands, antique cars, an appearance by Santa Claus, and perfrmers. Street seats are available fr a fee but there are als plenty f free viewing areas alng the rute. The parade begins at 7 pm n Nvember 22, 2022, at the crssrad f Weatherfrd Street and Hustn Street.
YMCA Turkey Trt:Mre than 25,000 peple participate in this Thanksgiving Day 5K run/walk. Guests are asked t dress like a turkey and begin the charity race frm Dallas City Hall at 9 am. In 2022,the race will take place frm Nvember 20 t 29. [语篇解读]文章主要介绍了在即将到来的11月份,美国的达拉斯·沃斯堡市将举办的一系列的体育赛事和节庆活动。
1.Hw will the AAA Texas 500 be different in 2022?A.Its date will be will attract well-knwn will last a lnger perid f prices will be greatly increased.1.A 细节题。根据The AAA Texas 500部分中的“It typically takes place in Nvember, but in 2022, it will be held n Octber 26.”可知,与往年不同的是,2022年的The AAA Texas 500的举办时间将会提前到10月26日,而不是往年的11月。2.What can yu see at the Arbretum frm Nvember 7 t December 31?A.Antique buildings.2.D 细节题。根据Dallas Btanical Garden’s Hliday部分中的25-ft-tall beautifully decrated Victrian-style gazebs可知,在这个灯展上人们可以看到维多利亚时期风格的凉亭。
3.Which event has requirements fr the participants’ clthes?A.The AAA Texas Turkey Btanical Garden’s Square Parade f Lights.3.B 细节题。根据最后一段YMCA Turkey Trt 部分中的Guests are asked t dress like a turkey可知,这个活动对参与者的着装提出了要求。
微专题02 突破阅读的实用策略
策略1 确定细节理解切入点
细节理解题题干针对原文的具体叙述进行提问,考查考生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节、文章的主要事实或文中个别词句的理解能力,一般包括查找信息题、数字计算题和代词指代等。1.特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、wh、hw much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。2.填空题形式: 通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节。3.就文中数字、排序等提问。
“先定位”“再对比”巧解细节理解题1.先定位找出题干的关键词,再去文章找同义表达或相似表达。2.再对比对比选项和原文信息, 是否是同义替换,理解句意,综合理解、推断再定答案。
技法1 事实细节题——“题干定位”法
[2021·全国甲卷A篇]
What d the wrks by Shepherd and Smith have in cmmn?A.They are winter are in black and shw muntainus fcus n snw-cvered frests.
第一步 找题干关键词the wrks by Shepherd and Smith、cmmn第二步 定位原文信息Mike Shepherd部分中的“It was an extremely cld winter’s evening and freezing fg hung in the air.”和Timthy Smith部分中的“I was back in my hme twn f Macclesfield t take sme winter images.”。第三步 分析对比Shepherd和Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬天的景象,故选A项。
技法2 间接信息题——“断章取义”法
[全国Ⅰ卷A篇] Capital City Bike Tur in Washingtn, DC Duratin: 3 hurs Mrning r Afternn, this bike tur is the perfect tur fr DC newcmers and lcals lking t experience Washingtn, DC in a healthy way with minimum effrt. Knwledgeable guides will entertain yu with the mst interesting stries abut Presidents, Cngress, memrials, and parks. Cmfrtable bikes and a smth tur rute (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
What will yu d n the Capital City Bike Tur?A.Meet famus peple. B.G t a natinal well-knwn interesting stries.
第一步 找题干关键词:Capital City Bike Tur第二步 定位原文信息:entertain yu with the mst interesting stries第三步 分析对比:文中entertain yu with the mst interesting stries与选项D中的信息“Enjy interesting stries.”相匹配,是同义替换,故选D项。
技法3 数字计算题——“加减乘除”法
[2022·山东师大附中高三检测] Hw much des it cst? Nw, Drne X Pr sells fr $150 each nline and tw at a discunt f 80%. It’s a great deal!If yu’re nt satisfied, return it and yu can get yur mney back. Because f the easy use, prtability, lw price, and small size, it’s abslutely wrth it!Hw much shuld yu pay t purchase tw such drnes nline?A.$120. B.$150. C.$240. D.$300.
第一步 找题干关键词purchase tw such drnes nline第二步 定位原文信息根据Hw much des it cst?部分中的“Nw, Drne X Pr sells fr $150 each nline and tw at a discunt f 80%.”可知,Drne X Pr的在线售价为150美元,及两个的折扣为80%。第三步 正确计算在网上购买两台这样的无人机应该支付($150×2)×80%=$240,故选C项。
技法4 代词推测题——“顺藤摸瓜”法
[2020·浙江卷B篇]The traffic signals alng Factria Bulevard in Bellevue, Washingtn, generally dn’t flash the same length f green twice in a rw, especially at rush hur. At 9:30 am, the full red/yellw/green signal cycle might be 140 secnds. By 9:33 am, a burst f additinal traffic might push it t 145 secnds. Less traffic at 9:37 am culd push it dwn t 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes. That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-grwing city just east f Seattle, uses a system that is gaining ppularity arund the US: intersectin(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time t traffic cnditins. These lights, knwn as adaptive signals, have led t significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.
What des the underlined wrd “That” in Paragraph 2 refer t?A.Increased length f green traffic signal timing f traffic traffic flw n the rad.
第一步 定位信息that位于第2段句首,应是指代第1段的内容。第二步 明确句意那是有意为之。第三步 分析推理根据第1段中的“Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.(就像交通本身一样,信号灯的时间也会变化。)”可知,该段主要讲述的是信号灯的时间会灵活变化。由此可推知,That指代“信号灯的弹性计时”,故选C项。
Occasins like anniversaries, weddings and reunins call fr special event venues (场地). The fllwing places may have a way ut. There’s n need t spend mney creating atmsphere at special event venues. It’s built right in! Hard Rck Cafe Anchrage 415 E. STREET, ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501 Events, like great music are brn f inspiratin. Featuring a 13,600-square-ft facility that will seat 275 guests with private event space, we pride urselves n delivering an exceptinal experience with a rck and twist fr each f ur guests.
Business Exp Center 1960 S. ANAHEIM WAY, ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA 92805 The Business Exp Center is Orange Cunty’s imprtant event venue in Anaheim, Califrnia. Our flexible 36,000-square-ft exp center is hme t space fr cnferences, trade shws and celebratins. We pride urselves n prviding a memrable experience with excellent flexibility, services, and cst savings. We wn’t charge custmers fr n-site parking and prvide high-speed Wi-Fi.
Autmbile Driving Museum 610 LAIRPORT STREET, EL SEGUNDO, CALIFORNIA 90245 Centrally lcated in the Suth Bay beach cmmunity f EI Segund, Califrnia, the ADM ffers a wnderful venue fr private parties and crprate events. Cnveniently lcated 5 minutes suth f LAX, right ff the 405 and 105 Freeways, the 610 Lairprt space has a special feel surrunded by ur primary autmbile cllectin. We ffer several different venues inside and utside ur facility fr diverse events. T better ur service, reservatins are needed.
Yamashir Hllywd 1999 N. SYCAMORE AVE., LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90068 Yamashir Hllywd is a restaurant and therefre, all fd and wine must be handled in huse. Hwever, guests are allwed t bring in utside wine and champagne fr a crkage fee (开瓶费). [语篇解读]文章介绍了几个可供特殊活动(如纪念日、婚礼和聚会等)使用的场所,并对其特点进行了说明。
1.What can we learn abut Business Exp Center?A.Yu can enjy free ’s hme t space fr music ’s lcated in Ls Angeles, Califrnia can experience high-speed Wi-Fi free f charge.1.A 细节题。由Business Exp Center部分中的“We wn’t charge custmers fr n-site parking and prvide high-speed Wi-Fi.”可知,在Business Exp Center你可以免费停车。2.Which venue d yu need t bk in advance?A.Business Exp Rck Cafe Driving Museum.2.D 细节题。由Autmbile Driving Museum部分中的“T better ur service, reservatins are needed.”可知,Autmbile Driving Museum需要提前预订。
3.What d the fur venues have in cmmn?A.They are pen t special are lcated in the same enjy cnvenient ffer an exceptinal experience and free services.3.A 推断题。由第1段中的“Occasins like special event venues.”可推断出,文章中四个场所的共同特点就是对特殊活动开放,一些特殊活动可在这些地方举行。
策略2 把握词义推测着眼点
词义推断题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语的本意或外延含义的能力,既可以考查生词的意义,又可以考查熟词的新义。词义推断题最常见的命题方式:(1)The underlined phrase“...” culd be replaced by “_______”. (2)The underlined wrd “...” in t______. (3)What is the meaning f the underlined wrd“...” in What des the underlined wrd “...” mean in
考生可以利用构词法、同义词、近义词、反义词、逻辑关系、定义和解释、例证、同等关系及生活常识和文化背景等方法猜出单词或短语的意思。
技法1 单词短语推测题 巧用线索猜词义
[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷C篇]When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl (水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A.Acquire. D.Distribute.
第一步 定位信息上一句“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.”第二步 明确句意美洲土著居民明智地保护了这些珍贵的自然资源。第三步 分析对比根据本句中的Unfrtunately可知,本句与上一句形成了转折,本句阐述移民者做得不好的地方,即移民者破坏了这些自然资源,故画线词的意思是“破坏”。故选C项。
技法2 句意推测题 确保意义一致推句意
In the future, she hpes ther cuntries will cntact her t launch their wn satellite surveys. The pssibilities are huge. Parcak estimates that there are at least 12 millin ptential archaelgical sites yet t be discvered. That means the sky is the limit fr her prject nw that it has gtten ff the grund successfully. What des the underlined sentence “The pssibilities are huge.” in Paragraph 6 mean?A.Parcak’s prject will becme cuntries will start satellite will be amazing discveries in archaelgical sites will be identified.
第一步 联系上文In the future, she hpes ther cuntries will cntact her t launch their wn satellite surveys.(将来,她希望其他国家会联系她进行他们自己的卫星调查。)第二步 联系下文Parcak estimates that there are at least 12 millin ptential archaelgical sites yet t be discvered.(帕卡克估计至少有1200万潜在的古迹遗址还没有被发现。)第三步 对比选项这么多的古迹遗址没有被发现,其被发现的可能性很高。下文中的ptential archaelgical sites yet t be discvered与D项“Mre archaelgical sites will be identified.”信息一致,故选D项。
I was nce a Chinese TV star. Actually, I’m neither a Chinese nr a star, but fr tw seasns, I was the French vice f ne f the majr characters in a famus Chinese sap pera. China has put a lt f effrt int sharing its culture with the wrld. Chinese mvies and TV shws have been translated int varius languages. As a result, dubbing (配音) jbs in China have increased greatly ver the years.
I landed my first dubbing jb withut having any previus experience, smething that wuld be impssible in France. As I entered the tiny recrding studi, I pretended t knw hw t dub, feeling mre than ever like a fraud. I didn’t speak Chinese, s hw culd I knw when a sentence ended? I managed t cntrl my shaking hands, and tried my best t match the French text with the Chinese lips. Finally, they asked me t try again, with mre emtin this time. And s I did. T my surprise, I secured my first rle. Once I was in the database, I gt ffered rles every nw and then. I really started enjying the Chinese sap peras. As the shws helped me t better understand the Chinese family and the relatinships between yung peple in China, I realized I was able t have deeper cnversatins with my Chinese friends.
And s I discvered that dubbing is nt a jb that stays in the ffice; it becmes part f yu. Nt nly because f what ther peple think, but because f what yu share with the character. When my character nce believed her mther had killed herself, I culdn’t help crying. I left the studi and immediately called my mm, and I believe that was the nicest call I ever made t her. This might sund silly, I knw, but I will miss “her”. Our ne-way relatinship was as fictinal as she was, but the emtins were real. [语篇解读]文章主要讲述了作者作为一个法国人为中国电视剧配音的经历。
1.Why did dubbing jbs in China increase quickly?A.China has varius cultures t has set up many cultural has develped very fast in recent encurages TV shws t spread its culture.1.D 细节题。根据第2段内容可知答案。2.What des the underlined wrd “fraud” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?A.Actress. 词义推断题。根据上文中的I pretended t knw hw t dub以及下文中的“I didn’t speak Chinese, s hw culd I knw when a sentence ended?”可知,作者起初并不懂得配音,而是在装样子,所以画线词意为“骗子”。
3.What can we learn frm the last paragraph?A.The authr thinks dubbing is nly a jb t make a authr likes the characters in sap in sap peras helps the authr a authr thinks it is silly t call her mther.3.C 推断题。根据第4段中的“As the shws helped my Chinese friends.”可知,在肥皂剧中配音对作者帮助很大。4.What can be a suitable title fr the passage?A.My First SuccessB.Dubbing in ChinaC.Dubbing, an Interesting JbD.My Dubbing Experience in China4.D 主旨题。通读全文,特别是第1、3段可知,本文主要讲述了作者作为一个法国人,给中国电视剧配音的经历。D项最适合作为文章的标题。
策略3 深剖推理判断隐秘点
推理判断题属于深层理解题。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括推断隐含意义、推断目的意图、推断文章出处或读者对象、推断观点态度。推理判断题常见的命题方式:(1)We can infer frm the passage that_______. (2)The passage/authr implies/suggests that ________. (3)It can be cncluded frm the passage that _________. (4)The main purpse f the passage is _______. (5)Where des this passage prbably cme frm?
1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理: 抓住关键信息,用某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,利用逆向思维或正向推理。2.整合全文(段)信息进行推断:有时需要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基础上,整合与题目相关的有用信息,综合起来去推理判断,确定正确答案。3.以事实为依据推断:一定要以文章所提供的事实为依据,不能凭空想象,这样才能做出合理的推断。
技法1 推断细节类—— “揣摩推敲”法
[2021·全国乙卷B篇] ... Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne(using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it). Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?A.It remains a family will fall ut f use sme may increase daily is as imprtant as the gas light.
第一步 找题干关键词inferred,landline第二步 定位原文信息“Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机?它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路?)”第三步 分析对比本段使用类比的方式,使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子,侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会被废弃的,故选B项。
技法2 推断观点态度类——“褒贬措辞”法
[2022·湖南师大附中高三摸底]Shark attacks nt nly disturb beach activities, but can affect assciated turist industries. Shark nets are a cmmn slutin t preventing shark attacks n beaches, but they cause dangers t sea ecsystems. Seeking a cst-effective way t mnitr beach safety ver large areas ... SharkSptter can detect sharks and ther ptential threats using real-time aerial imagery... If a shark is detected, SharkSptter prvides bth a visual sign n the cmputer screen and an audible warning t the peratr...
In January 2018, the Westpac Little Ripper, Lifesavers was used t rescue tw yung swimmers caught in a rip at Lennx Head, NSW... We believe SharkSptter is a win-win, fr bth marine (海洋的) life and beachgers. This unique technlgy cmbines dynamic vide image prcessing AI and advanced drne technlgy t creatively deal with the glbal challenge f ensuring safe beaches, prtecting envirnments, and prmting turism.What is the authr’s attitude twards the future f SharkSptter?A.Dubtful. D.Objective.
第一步 找题干关键词the future f SharkSptter第二步 定位原文信息We believe SharkSptter is a win-win, fr bth marine life and beachgers.第三步 分析对比dubtful “怀疑的”;ptimistic “乐观的”;negative “消极的”;bjective “客观的”,故选B项。
技法3 推断写作意图类——“意图推断”法
[2020·新高考Ⅰ卷C篇]In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea. His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, ... This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety... Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes... Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
What is the purpse f this passage?A.T intrduce a explain a cultural remember a recmmend a travel destinatin.
第一步 主旨大意第1段是背景,简要介绍作者的经历,引出他写的书。第二步 锁定信息接下来两段讲述了这本书的内容,最后一段是对这本书的评价,并进行了总结。第三步 分析对比文章主要介绍了作家Tm Bissell(汤姆·比塞尔)的书,与A项信息一致,故选A项。
技法4 文章出处题——“对号入座”法
[全国Ⅱ卷B篇]Many f us lve July because it’s the mnth when nature’s berries and stne fruits are in abundance. These clurful and sweet jewels frm British Clumbia’s fields are little pwerhuses f nutritinal prtectin. Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein(蛋白质), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants(抗氧化物质). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C. which is the passage prbably taken?A.A bilgy textbk. B.A health magazine.C.A research paper. D.A travel brchure.
第一步 首段描述这些来自不列颠哥伦比亚省土地上的色彩鲜艳的、甜甜的宝贝就是营养保护的动力源。第二步 锁定信息关键词:草莓、蓝莓、樱桃,维生素、蛋白质、抗氧化物质。第三步 分析推断文章应该是来自与健康和营养相关的书,即健康杂志,故选B项。
T hear peple talk abut Internet friendships, yu wuld think it was ne giant web f cat-fishing and e-crime. While we all undubtedly have t take measures t remain safe nline, assuming every friendship r cnnectin made n Instagram, Twitter r Facebk is cheating r insincere wuld be a mistake.
As a wman wh wrks in the creative industry, I have fund real jy in seeking ut a cmmunity I culdn’t find elsewhere and making sme great friends alng the way. My first nline friendship was n Twitter with my (nw) best friend, during the university exam perid. We exchanged study ntes in dzens f direct messages and set a study date. Drawn t each ther by similar circumstances, friendships nline are similar t ffline in that they tend t begin because f shared interest r cmmn grund—maybe they’ve read the pst n Instagram. Maybe they have the same taste in fd r plitics. Or maybe they just lve memes t. If nline friendships start similar t friendships ffline, they grw in the same way, t. Often thrugh mutual supprt: apart frm calling a friend t cngratulate him n that new jb, yu als retweet(在推特上转发) his jkes and praise his Instagram stry.
Despite my psitive experiences when I tell peple, mst are still suspicius. Eyebrws are raised higher when I explain nt nly have I fund a cmmunity nline but have made friendships with peple I meet face-t-face t. Actually, these are just as valid as ther friendships, accrding t behaviural psychlgist J Hemmings, wh says nline friendships can be real. S hw d yu knw if peple are there fr the real yu r just because yu’re ppular n Instagram? Hemmings has simple rules. She tells me, “Yu have t equally feel cmfrtable that yu’re getting smething f each ther instead f being used t enable smething that isn’t friendship.”
Therefre, if all a “friend” nline is asking yu t d is t prmte their wrk r persnal brand and rarely takes an interest in yu, then there may be rm t questin the basis f the friendship. On that nte it is wrth remembering that just because smene has a lt f fllwers, it desn’t necessarily mean they have lts f friends.[语篇解读]文章主要讲述了作者对于网络交友的看法。作者表明了自己对于网络交友的积极态度,并用自己的实际经历强力证明了网络交友给自己带来的乐趣,同时,作者阐述了网络交友的基础和原则:相互支持。
1.What is mst peple’s attitude twards nline friendship?A.Uncertain. 推断题。根据第1段第1句可推知,大多数人对网上交友抱有消极的态度。2.Why des the authr share her wn experience in Paragraph 2?A.T intrduce the backgrund infrmatin f the cnvey the authr’s attitude and give the related prve the likely risk fr peple t develp friendship remind peple f the varius benefits f making friends nline.2.B 推断题。根据第2段的内容可知,作者以自己的亲身经历作为例子表达了自己对于网上交友的积极态度。
3.Hw can nline and ffline friendships be deepened?A.They can’t live withut scial need t have cmmn require supprt frm each shuld be based n shared interest.3.C 细节题。根据第3段中的“If nline friendships start similar t friendships ffline, als re-tweet his jkes and praise his Instagram stry.”可知,线上和线下的友谊通常要通过相互支持来进一步发展或加深。4.Accrding t the authr, what’s the glden rule t make friends nline?A.A friend t all is a friend t cnfidence there is n friendship.C.A friend withut faults will never be cannt stand always n ne side.4.D 推断题。根据倒数第2段的内容以及最后一段作者对于网络交友的总结“Therefre, if all a ‘friend’ nline is... the basis f the friendship.”可推知,在作者看来,网络交友的黄金法则应是“朋友应该是双方的(相互支持),友谊不能总是一方在付出”。
策略4 明确主旨大意关注点
主旨大意题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词,并对主干句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类:标题归纳题、文章主旨题和段落大意题。1.主旨大意题常见的命题方式(1)What wuld be the best title fr the passage?/What is the tpic f the passage?(2)The main idea/The general idea/The main theme f this passage is_____. (3)The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis n ______. 2.主旨大意题的考查角度(1)标题类:要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。(2)主题类:考查文章或段落的主旨大意。
1.“高度概括”定标题(1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容,既不太大又不太小。(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断,但在某些文章中,如记叙文,没有明确的主题句,需要根据文中的事实细节,查找文章的“主线”,归纳出文章的主题,进而确定标题。2.“主题句定位”寻主题(1)细读文章的首句、中间句和尾句,主题句往往就在这些地方出现。(2)特别关注hwever、but等表示转折的信息词,主题句很可能就在这类词的后面出现。(3)表示结论性的信息词如s、thus、therefre等后面通常会出现主题句。(4)对于记叙文,要会根据所述事件进行归纳概括,领会其寓意,总结出文章的主题。
技法1 标题归纳题 据文章主线定标题
[2020·全国Ⅱ卷D篇]I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library. My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld... As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place... ...
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.Which can be a suitable title fr the passage?A.Reading: A Surce f KnwledgeB.My Idea abut WritingC.Library: A Haven fr the YungD.My Lve f the Library
第一步 主旨大意作者十分热爱阅读,呼吁所有作家支持图书馆。第二步 原因分析作者是一名热情的读者,孩提时喜欢阅读,十六岁时在图书馆工作。成为母亲后,一家人去图书馆读书,将阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家,作者呼吁所有作家支持图书馆,宣传图书馆。第三步 对比选项全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述,与D项“我对图书馆的爱”信息一致。
技法2 文章主旨题 据主题和文意定位
[2020·全国Ⅱ卷B篇]Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychlgist Susan Levine... fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills... The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities ... ... The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f the children in the study played with puzzles at ne time ... and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls. ...
What is the passage mainly abut?A.A mathematical methd.B.A scientific study.C.A wman psychlgist.D.A teaching prgram.
第一步 首段主旨智力拼图玩具有助于提高孩子数学相关的技能。第二步 文章大意孩子们玩智力拼图游戏的研究所考虑的因素、研究过程、研究结果。第三步 对比选项B项“A scientific study.”与研究主题一致。
技法3 段落大意题 分析首尾确定段意
[2020·全国Ⅰ卷D篇]The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther,emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.What is the first paragraph mainly abut?A.A new study f different plants.B.A big fall in crime frm varius frm green plants.
第一步 段首定位人与植物之间的关系一直是科学研究的课题。最近的研究发现了积极的效果。该句为主题句,引出下文。第二步 段尾信息在另一项研究中,当员工的工作场所有室内植物装饰时,他们的工作效率会提高15%。该句为细节描述,支撑段首主题句。第三步 对比分析只有D项(绿色植物的好处)恰当概括主题。
In New Yrk City public schls, 176 different languages are spken amng the mre than 1 millin students. Fr 160,000 children, English is nt their first language. New Yrk’s Department f Educatin makes learning better fr these students by prviding dual-language (双语) prgrammes. Students are taught in tw languages, English and anther ne, like Russian r Chinese. Maths, scial studies, science and all ther regular curses are taught in bth languages s that they culd learn abut the culture f the ther cuntries.
Milady Baez is Deputy Chancellr f English Language Learners and Student Supprt. She says, “The jbs f the future require that ur students knw mre than ne language. They are ging t be travelling abrad; they are ging t be cmmunicating with peple frm all ver the wrld. This will pen drs fr them.” Middle-schlers might nt have jbs n their minds yet. Fr Kequing Jaing, she likes keeping up her first language, Mandarin. “It makes me feel that I am hme because I can speak in Chinese and learn in Chinese, while learning in English. S it makes me feel better and makes me understand mre abut the task I’m learning.”
Anastasia Hudikva came t the United States when she was tw years ld. She says the Russian-English prgramme keeps her cnnected t her heritage(文化遗产) and her parents. The New Yrk schls als ffer dual-language prgrammes in seven ther languages: Arabic, French, Haitian Crele, Hebrew, Krean, Plish and Spanish. There are plans t add even mre languages in the future. While these dual-language prgrammes are ppular, educatrs in the US say that teaching English cmes first. Anyway English is the fficial language f the United States. [语篇解读] 纽约市通过启动双语言项目来帮助孩子们更好地学习。他们不仅学习语言,还学习其他国家的文化。
1.Why are many curses f public schls in New Yrk City taught in bth languages?A.T attract mre students t study in the public encurage mre students t g abrad t study shw the advantages f studying in the public get the students t knw abut the cultures f ther cuntries.1.D 细节题。根据第2段可知,纽约市用两种语言教学是为了让学生了解其他国家的文化。2.Hw des the passage intrduce the fact that it’s imprtant t learn different languages?A.By making giving sme listing peple’s making the situatin clear.2.C 推断题。根据第3、4、5段可知,文章通过列举人们的态度来介绍学习不同语言的重要性。
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