(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向19 阅读理解命题来源句式(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

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考向19 阅读理解命题来源句式
高考英语阅读理解命题点来源高频句型
 类型一 转折/对比强化句式
1. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴关系) which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep.
2. The idea of fighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange, but that's exactly what motor engineers are doing in Germany and some other countries.
3. Doctors have found that the "pears" have less internal fat, but the "apples" have more internal fat than external fat.  
4. One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.
5. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants.（注意强对比的双方；及双方的不同点）
6. While most people use little white lies to make life easier, the majority of Americans care about honesty in both public and personal life. （前半句与后半句的推测是相反的关系）
7. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way.    
8. After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect, wanted a city with wider streets and fine new house of stone.  In fact, the streets are still narrow, but he did build more than fifty churches, among them the new St. Paul's. （in fact, actually 事实上，表示转折）
9. The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat.  But unfortunately it seems that dieting simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. (unfortunately 不幸地；fortunately 幸运地)
10. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction (区别) between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating. （even 表示递进） 
类型二 分类说明（举例/ 讲好处/讲问题/讲应用/讲特点）
There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall).  Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the "pears" have less internal fat, but the "apples" have more internal fat than external fat.  This seems to be what causes the health problems.
类型三 原因/结果突出
[常用词汇：because /  as / since / for /as  a  result /  cause  / make  / contributed  to / rest on / rest in / marked by / one  result  / therefore / aimed at]
1.As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything.（as 引导时间状语从句或者原因状语从句）
2. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. ...
3. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast make the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing. （cause, make 等表示使动含义的动词）
4. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem.
5. Women's friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men's relationships are marked by shared activities.（rest on 基于……）
6. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.（one result 其中的一种结果）
7. The major market force rests in the growing Population of white-collar employees. （rest in 在于…）
8. …the result is no sound.  Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle, we can kill the unwanted noise. （therefore 表示因果关系，前因后果）
9. The Youth Summit was aimed at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussions. （aim at 目标）
10. So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future? Here are two reasons. First, unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history,…Second, by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves..
11. Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment(环境)friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem.
类型四 强调句/倒装句加强表达力度
1. It was on October 1st,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.
2. Where was it that you found your lost pen?
3. Down fell the mirror, breaking to piece.         
4. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.         
5. Outsides were two men.
类型五 使用rather (than) / instead / more  than  / less than
1.With no windows, nowhere to hang clothes and temperatures below 0’c, it may seem more like a survival test than a relaxing hotel break.
2.At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.
3.In the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United Stated, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem.
4.Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as consumer rather than a producer.
5.From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild.
6.There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes.
7.Because of the wavelength of the x-rays used, soft x-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light-and electron-based instruments.
8.So there is real cause for concern if consumers distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead. 
【检测训练】
1
With the aim of educating both locals and visitors about Arctic animals and the value of preserving Norway's natural heritage. Bardu's Polar Park offers encounters(通近) with hand raised wolves.
I stood nervously outside the enclosure(圈地) at Polar Park. Somewhere behind the wire were five Norwegian grey wolves. "These are just big dogs," I kept saying to myself. “And they probably have had breakfast already.”
Stig Sletten, Polar Park's animal manager, said,' "Once you’re in with the wolves, lie down and don't stare them in the eye. Let them approach you. Don't stick your hands out. And absolutely don't stick your tongue out." That we were about to enter a cage full of “socialized” wolves was all down to Stig and his devoted team. It was Stig who founded Polar Park back in 1994. And it was Stig and his team who hand-raised the park's wolves from birth.
“These wolves have all been brought up to be comfortable among humans,” he explained. “Allowing them to meet visitors is actually a good way to reduce boredom and stress” Confident that we understood the strict rules of interacting, Stig opened the enclosure and we all followed him. Within seconds the pack was running rewards us, eyes forward, long noses down. For an exposed human, the first approach of five grey wolves, socialized or not, was a slightly unrest and heart-quickening experience.
But any sense of trepidation was quickly replaced by delight. The five wolves turned out to be fun and curious, and eager to check us out as we were them.
“Most people consider wolves unapproachable. There are a lot of negative or unpleasant impressions about wolves, both in Norway and across the world." said Stig. "One of our main aims here is to educate both locals and visitors about Arctic animals. Once they've got touch with the wolves of Polar Park, many of our visitors leave with a different view. ”
1. Why did the author keep saying to himself outside the enclosure?
A. To memorize strict rules. B. To restrict his excitement.
C. To study wolves in advance D. To relieve his nervousness.
2. What is Stig Sletter's advice on the encounter with the wolves?
A. Approaching them actively. B. Standing up with hands out.
C. Avoiding sticking your tongue out. D. Looking at them with a kind smile.
3. What does the underlined word "trepidation" in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. fun B. fear C. curiosity D. confusion
4. What may the different view be in the last paragraph?
A. Humans and wolves can bond well. B. Preserving animals turns out easy.
C. Wolves are able to protect humans. D. The value of education is ignored.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在巴尔迪的极地公园与人工饲养的狼邂逅的故事。
1. 推理判断题。 根据第二段“I stood nervously outside the enclosure(圈地) at Polar Park.( 我紧张地站在极地公园的围栏外。)”及“"These are just big dogs," I kept saying to myself. “And they probably have had breakfast already.”(“这些只是大狗，”我一直对自己说。它们可能已经吃过早餐了。)”可推断，作者自言自语是为了缓解自己的紧张。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Once you’re in with the wolves, lie down and don't stare them in the eye. Let them approach you. Don't stick your hands out. And absolutely don't stick your tongue out.( 一旦你进入狼群，躺下，不要盯着它们的眼睛。让它们接近你。不要伸出你的手。还有千万别吐舌头)”可知，Sig Settet 建议在与狼见面的时候不要伸出舌头。故选C。
3. 词句猜测题。根据第四段 “For an exposed human, the first approach of five grey wolves, socialized or not, was a slightly unrest and heart-quickening experience.(对于一个暴露的人类，第一次接近的是五只灰狼，不管是否社会化，这都是一个稍微不安和心跳加速的经历。)”及第五段“But any sense of trepidation was quickly replaced by delight. The five wolves turned out to be fun and curious, and eager to check us out as we were them.(但所有的trepidation很快就被快乐所取代。这五只狼看起来很有趣，也很好奇，它们急切地想看看我们是不是它们。)”可推断，这种由稍稍不安和心跳加速的经历所造成的“恐惧感”很快被快乐所取代，划线词的意思与“fear(恐惧)”的意思最为接近，故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Most people consider wolves unapproachable. There are a lot of negative or unpleasant impressions about wolves, both in Norway and across the world.( 大多数人认为狼是不可接近的。在挪威和世界各地，人们对狼有很多负面或不愉快的印象)”及“Once they've got touch with the wolves of Polar Park, many of our visitors leave with a different view(一旦他们接触到极地公园的狼，我们的许多游客离开时就会有不同的看法).”可知，很多人认为狼是难以接近的且对狼的印象是不好的，但是他们在极地公园与狼邂逅之后会改观。由此可推断，这个“不同的看法”可能是“人类可以与狼相处得很好”。故选A。
2
For many of us, summertime means road trips to the beach or mountains, or at the very least some additional dust and bird poop on the exterior of our vehicles. The extra dirt leads us to do one of two things: wash our car in the driveway or head to the car wash. But which choice is better for the environment?
The main concerns with either choice are the amount of fresh water being used and the types of chemicals used to remove the dirt. Both of these concerns can be closely monitored when washing the car at home, says Katy Gresh, spokeswoman for the Southwest Region of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. She advises car owners to put aside a set amount of water for the entire wash. “It’s just like brushing your teeth, ”she says. “You don’t want to leave the water running or use more than you need for the job.” But even following this advice comes with an environmental risk: Washing your car in the driveway or street flushes the dirty water into storm drains.
John Schombert is executive director of 3 Rivers Wet Weather. His organization works to educate the public about storm sewers(下水道)and water runoff, keeping this untreated water from entering the Allegheny region’s waterways. “We ask people to consider washing their cars on lawns or other permeable(透水的)surfaces where the water gets absorbed, ” Schombert says. “Soil can break down and help filter(过滤)those things,” Schombert says. “Storm sewers are not made for waste disposal.” Even when car owners use natural soaps to wash their cars, which Schombert says are probably ineffective at breaking down grease anyway.
The commercial car wash down the street knows full well the rules regarding waste water in storm sewers. According to the International Carwash Association(ICA), professional car washes must use water reclamation systems. These mandated processes not only keep the dirty water out of storm sewers and regular water treatment systems, but they also work to reduce water usage at commercial facilities.
5. What does the underlined word probably mean in the first paragraph?
A. top B. bottom
C. inside D. outside
6. What worries people when they have their cars washed?
A. The dirt cannot be removed easily.
B. Large quantities of water are wasted.
C. The washing ways do no good to their cars.
D. D The used chemicals are harmless to the environment.
7. What’s the disadvantage of washing cars at home?
A. It is not easy to deal with.
B. It cannot clean the dirt completely.
C. It consumes a larger amount of water.
D. It does much damage to the environment.
8. What can be the best title of the text?
A. Do You Put Car washing at Risk?
B. Which Is Better: Car Wash or DIY?
C. Why Dishwashers Are Better than Hand Washing?
D. Do Americans Use Less Water than They Did Years Ago?
【答案】5. D 6. B 7. D 8. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哪一种洗车方法对环境更有益处：在家还是去洗车公司。
5. 词句猜测题。根据划线部分所在句子“For many of us, summertime means road trips to the beach or mountains, or at the very least some additional dust and bird poop on the exterior of our vehicles.”可知，对于我们中的许多人来说，夏天意味着去海滩或山上的公路旅行，或者至少意味着在我们车的exterior有一些灰尘和鸟粪。结合句意和常识可知，灰尘和鸟粪通常在车的外部，即划线词意为 “外部，外面”，与outside同义。故选D。
6. 细节理解题。根据第二段中““It’s just like brushing your teeth,” she says, “You don’t want to leave the water running of more than you need for the job.”（ “这就像刷牙一样，”她说，“你不想让水流得比所需的更多。”）”可知，人们在外边洗车时担心会浪费掉更多的水。故选B。
7. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But even following this advice comes with an environmental risk: Washing your car in the driveway or street flushes the dirty water into storm drains.（但即使遵循这一建议，也会带来环境风险：在车道或街道上洗车会将脏水冲进雨水沟）”可知，在家自己洗车的缺点是对环境有害处。故选D。
8. 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“The extra dirt leads us to do one of two things: wash our car in the driveway or head to the car wash. But which choice is better for the environment?（这些额外的脏东西会让我们做以下两件事之一：在私人车道上洗车，还是去洗车处洗车。但是哪种选择对环境更好呢？） ”结合下文对两种方法优缺点的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了在专业洗车店里洗车和自己动手洗车，到底哪个对环境更有益处，故B选项“洗车处和自己动手洗车哪个更好?”符合文章标题。故选B。
3
Integrity is the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right. The concept of integrity has played a key role in moral philosophy throughout history and is promoted in all societies because of its importance to social relations. Individual integrity is vital to society, one that enables people to make use of their capacity for critical reflection, does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals to betray each other. Besides, societies can be favorable to the development of individual integrity.
Individual integrity can lift up the spirits of the entire society. It can shape the lives of people living in a particular society, the lives of all fellow people and, in its broadest sense, even the destiny of a nation. By contrast, if those living in the society are dishonest, it could have bad effects, jeopardizing the healthy morality of the society.
Additionally, a society can be favorable to the development of individual integrity. Society expects and requires integrity. A society consisting of people of integrity, and people who never compromise on their principles, could have a positive mark on the personal development of its members. Being a part of such a morally lively community could serve as a basis for absorbing traits of good character. This could be of a distinct advantage to any individuals in the society.
However, some social structures are of the wrong sort for some individuals to pursue integrity. If that is the case, we have to ask questions about the moral nature of society first before raising questions about individual integrity. Questions about integrity may turn out to be about what kind of society it is, rather than about the relationship between individual interests and characteristics of a society. The pursuit of adequate individual integrity often depends, not so much on understanding who one is and what one believes and is committed to, but rather understanding what one’s society is and imagining what it could be.
Under no circumstances can we underestimate the importance of human integrity in a society. People, who are honest, trustworthy, compassionate and caring, are the factors decisive in the growth of individuals as well as the development of a society.
9. Individual integrity has been valued in society because ________.
A. it helps develop philosophy B. it is important to social relations
C. it is the basis of critical thinking D. it ensures people’s particular roles
10. The underlined word “jeopardizing” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A. assessing B. strengthening C. destroying D. influencing
11. The writer believes that ________.
A. individual integrity depends on what one believes
B. the nature of society is decided by economic development
C. the pursuit of individual integrity changes with time
D. social structures guide the formation of individual integrity
12. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?
CP: Central point P: Point Sp: Sub-point C: Conclusion
A. B. C. D.

【答案】9. C 10. C 11. D 12. A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲的是正直是诚实和坚强的品质，个人诚信对社会是至关重要的，它使人们能够充分利用自己的批判性思考能力。不迫使人们承担特定的角色，也不鼓励个人背叛彼此，社会也有利于个人诚信的发展。
9. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Individual integrity is vital to society, one that enables people to make use of their capacity for critical reflection, does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals to betray each other.(个人诚信对社会至关重要，它使人们能够利用自己的批判性反思能力，不强迫人们扮演特定的角色，也不鼓励个人互相背叛)”可知，个人诚信在社会上受到重视，因为它是批判性思维的基础。故选C。
10. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Individual integrity can lift up the spirits of the entire society. It can shape the lives of people living in a particular society, the lives of all fellow people and, in its broadest sense, even the destiny of a nation.(个人诚信能振奋整个社会的精神。它可以影响生活在某一特定社会中的人民的生活，影响所有人民的生活，从最广泛的意义上说，甚至影响一个国家的命运)”以及画线词上文“By contrast, if those living in the society are corrupt, it could have bad effects”和后文“the healthy morality of the society.”可知，相反，如果生活在社会中的人是腐败的，就会有不良的影响，危害社会的健康道德。故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. assessing评价；B. strengthening加强；C. destroying破坏；D. influencing影响。故选C。
11. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“A society consisting of people of integrity, and people who never compromise on their principles, could have a positive mark on the personal development of its members.(一个由正直的人组成的社会，以及在原则上从不妥协的人，可以对其成员的个人发展产生积极的影响)”可知，作者认为，社会结构引导个人诚信的形成。故选D。
12. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Integrity is the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right.(正直是一种诚实的品质，并且对你认为正确的事情保持坚定的态度)”提出了关于正直的概念；第二段中“Individual integrity can lift up the spirits of the entire society.(个人诚信能振奋整个社会的精神)”提出第一个分论点，个人诚信能振奋整个社会的精神；第三段中“On the other hand, a society can be favorable to the development of individual integrity.(此外，社会可以有利于个人诚信的发展)”提出第二个分论点，即社会可以有利于个人诚信的发展；以及第三段中“A society consisting of people of integrity, and people who never compromise on their principles, could have a positive mark on the personal development of its members.(一个由正直的人组成的社会，以及在原则上从不妥协的人，可以对其成员的个人发展产生积极的影响)”提出第一个次要点，社会结构引导个人诚信的形成；第四段中“However, some social structures are of the wrong sort for some individuals to pursue integrity.(然而，对于一些追求诚信的个人来说，一些社会结构是错误的)”为第二个次要点，指出社会结构的错误；最后一段中“Under no circumstances can we underestimate the importance of human integrity in a society.(在任何情况下我们都不能低估人类诚信在社会中的重要性)”对文章进行总结；可推知A最符合文章结构。故选A。
4
We are not who we think we are.
The American self-image is spread with the golden glow of opportunity. We think of the United States as a land of unlimited possibility, not so much a classless society but as a place where class is mutable—a place where brains, energy and ambition are what count, not the circumstances of one’s birth.
The Economic Mobility Project, an ambitious research led by Pew Charitable Trusts, looked at the economic fortunes of a large group of families over time, comparing the income of parents in the late 1960s with the income of their children in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Here is the finding: The “rags to riches” story is much more common in Hollywood than on Main Street. Only 6 percent of children born to parents with family income at the very bottom move to the top.
That is right, just 6 percent of children born to parents who ranked in the bottom of the study sample, in terms of income, were able to bootstrap their way into the top. Meanwhile, an incredible 42 percent of children born into that lowest are still stuck at the bottom, having been unable to climb a single rung of the income ladder.
It is noted that even in Britain—a nation we think of as burdened with a hidebound (守旧的) class system—children who are born poor have a better chance of moving up. When the studies were released, most reporters focused on the finding that African-Americans born to middle-class or upper middle-class families are earning slightly less, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than did their parents.
One of the studies indicates, in fact, that most of the financial gains white families have made in the past three decades can be attributed to the entry of white women into the labor force. This is much less true for African-Americans.
The picture that emerges from all the correlations and percentages is of a nation in which, over all, “the current generation of adults is better off than the previous one”, as one of the studies notes.
The median income of the families in the sample group was $55,600 in the late 1960s; their children’s median family income was measured at $71,900. However, this rising ride has not lifted all boats equally. The rich have seen far greater income gains than the poor.
Even more troubling is that our nation of America as the land of opportunity gets little supper: from the data. Americans move fairly easily up and down the middle rungs of the ladder, but there is “stickiness at the end”—four out of ten children who are born poor will remain poor, and four out of ten who are born rich will stay rich.
13. What did the Economic Mobility Project find in its research?
A. Children from low-income families are unable to bootstrap their way to the top.
B. Hollywood actors and actresses are upwardly mobile from rags to riches.
C. The rags to riches story is more fiction than reality.
D. The rags to riches story is only true for a small minority of whites.
14. It can be inferred from the writer that America, as a classless society, should ________.
A. perfect its self-image as a land of opportunity
B. have a higher level of upward mobility than Britain
C. enable African-Americans to have exclusive access to well-paid employment
D. encourage the current generation to work as hard as the previous generation
15. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The US is a land where brains, energy and ambition are what count.
B. Inequality persists between whites and blacks in financial gains.
C. Middle-class families earn slightly less with inflation considered.
D. Children in lowest-income families manage to climb a single rung of the ladder.
16. What might be the best title for this passage?
A. Social Upward Mobility in America B. Incredible Income Gains in America
C. America: Land of Unequal Wealth D. America: Not Land of Opportunity for all
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了The Economic Mobility Project的研究发现，美国并不是一个到处充满机会的地方，白人和黑人之间还是存在不平等的，由穷到富的故事与其说是现实不如说是幻想。
13. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Here is the finding: The “rags to riches” story is much more common in Hollywood than on Main Street. Only 6 percent of children born to parents with family income at the very bottom move to the top.（研究发现:“白手起家”的故事在好莱坞比在普通民众中更为常见。在家庭收入最低的家庭中，只有6%的孩子能升到社会顶层。）”可知，白手起家的故事与其说是现实，不如说是虚构的。故选C。
14. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The American self-image is spread with the golden glow of opportunity. We think of the United States as a land of unlimited possibility, not so much a classless society but as a place where class is mutable—a place where brains, energy and ambition are what count, not the circumstances of one’s birth.（美国人的自我形象洋溢着机会的金光。我们认为美国是一块充满无限可能的土地，与其说它是一个没有阶级的社会，不如说它是一个阶级是可变的地方——在这里，智力、精力和雄心是最重要的，而不是一个人的出身。）”可推知，美国，作为一个无阶级社会，应该完善自己的自我形象，成为一个充满机遇的国家。故选A。
15. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“When the studies were released, most reporters focused on the finding that African-Americans born to middle-class or upper middle-class families are earning slightly less, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than did their parents.（当这些研究公布时，大多数记者关注的是出生于中产阶级或中上层家庭的非裔美国人的收入(经通胀因素调整后)略低于他们的父母。）”和文章第六段“One of the studies indicates, in fact, that most of the financial gains white families have made in the past three decades can be attributed to the entry of white women into the labor force. This is much less true for African-Americans.（事实上，其中一项研究表明，白人家庭在过去三十年里取得的经济收益大部分可以归因于白人女性进入劳动力市场。这对非裔美国人来说就不那么真实了。）”可知，在经济收入方面，白人和黑人之间的不平等依然存在。故选B。
16. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Even more troubling is that our nation of America as the land of opportunity gets little supper: from the data. Americans move fairly easily up and down the middle rungs of the ladder, but there is “stickiness at the end”—four out of ten children who are born poor will remain poor, and four out of ten who are born rich will stay rich.（更令人不安的是，从数据来看，我们这个充满机遇的国家却得不到什么晚餐。美国人很容易就能爬上爬下梯子的中间梯级，但是有一个“最后的粘性”——10个出身贫困的孩子中有4个会继续贫穷，10个出身富裕的孩子中有4个会继续富有。）”可知，美国并不是所有人都有机会的土地。故选D。
5
It was New Year time, but I wasn’t looking forward to it. That winter, my mother and my stepfather moved our family to Southern California. My brother and I were leaving our rural Alabama behind. This would be our first New Year away from Alabama. My mother took to California like a swan to a royal lake. My athletic little brother, Paul, was keyed up at a climate that allowed him to go to the beach whenever he wanted.
I, however, was a fat child with heavy southern pronunciation. My first day in the new class, I introduced myself in a low voice. The moment I opened my mouth to speak, the whole class burst into laughter, “He talks funny.” It was so frustrating that I went to place a call to Granny Smith after school, who was my biggest support, But I didn’t get through.
On Sunday evening, the phone rang. It was Granny. She often took advantage of the discounted long-distance rates on Sundays. She said she’d shipped a New Year package. Sure enough, it arrived. Surprised at the box, large enough to hold a small refrigerator, we eagerly tore it open. The smell of Granny’s house filled the room: a combination of fried meat, sausages, furniture polish and decorations. Her house was tiny and always filled with tacky holiday decorations and homemade food before New Year. But in my childhood eyes, it was precious and fantastic.
There were countless tins and containers. We open hem to discover piles of holiday treats. She even included our traditional candy bats. The box was as bottomless as a magical box. There, beneath all these, was familiar holiday.
Every New Year that we spent in California, the postal service would call and say our package was arrived. Over the years, many treasures arrived in the box. For me, it’s always been the best part of the holiday.
17. How did the author’s brother feel when they were moving to California?
A. Indifferent. B. Joyful. C. Appreciative. D. Disappointed.
18. Why did the author’s classmates laugh at him?
A. He spoke in a low voice. B. He made a humorous talk.
C. He looked overweight. D. He had a strong accent.
19. What does the underlined word “tacky” probably mean?
A. Suitable. B. Expensive. C. Cheap. D. Attractive.
20. Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A. Granny’s Care Package B. An Unforgettable Holiday
C. Our Move to California D. A Telephone Call from Granny
【答案】17. B 18. D 19. C 20. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者搬去加州，对那的生活和新年并不适应，思念故乡的新年。奶奶却给他寄去了新年包裹，让作者感受到了故乡新年的氛围。
17. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“My athletic little brother, Paul, was keyed up at a climate that allowed him to go to the beach whenever he wanted.(我那爱运动的小弟弟保罗对这种让他想什么时候去海滩就什么时候去的气候很兴奋)”可推知，作者的弟弟对搬到加州感到很高兴。故选B。
18. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I, however, was a fat child with heavy southern pronunciation. My first day in the new class, I introduced myself in a low voice. The moment I opened my mouth to speak, the whole class burst into laughter, “He talks funny.”(然而，我是一个肥胖的孩子，带有浓重的南方口音。上新课的第一天，我低声介绍了自己。我刚开口说话，全班就哄堂大笑起来：“他说话真有趣。”)”可知，作者的同学嘲笑他因为他的口音很重。故选D。
19. 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Her house was tiny and always filled with”以及后文“holiday decorations and homemade food before New Year”可知，奶奶的房子很小，新年前总是摆满了便宜的节日装饰品和家庭自制的食物。故画线词意思是“便宜的”。A. Suitable.合适的；B. Expensive.昂贵的；C. Cheap.便宜的；D. Attractive.吸引人的。故选C。
20. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Every New Year that we spent in California, the postal service would call and say our package was arrived. Over the years, many treasures arrived in the box. For me, it’s always been the best part of the holiday.(我们在加州度过的每个新年，邮局都会打电话来说我们的包裹到了。多年来，盒子里有许多珍宝。对我来说，这一直是节日中最美好的部分)”结合文章讲述了作者搬去加州，对那的生活和新年并不适应，思念故乡的新年。奶奶却给他寄去了新年包裹，让作者感受到了故乡新年的氛围。可知，A选项“奶奶的爱心包裹”最符合文章标题。故选A。
6
Suppose you placed a baby in a room with a snake and a spider. Would he play with these creatures? Researchers in the study of fear are actively looking into it.
A fear of snake is one of the most common and strongest fears in the world, according to fear researcher, Judy Deloache, of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, the US, who was not involved in the new study.
Many people believe that we are innately (天生) scared of them, because some snakes are deadly. Seemingly in line with that, 11-month-old babies were shown images of a snake paired with either a fearful or a happy voice. The babies looked at the snakes for longer when a fearful voice was presented than when a happy voice was head. However, the study was not hard proof.
Now, a new study is re-assessing how babies react to snakes. The team measured babies physiological responses (生理反应) as they watched videos of snakes and elephants, paired with both fearful and happy voices. They then set out to startle the babies to see how they would react. They presented them with a “startle research”, which in this case was an unexpected bright flash of light as they watched a video.
“What we found is that their startle responses were not bigger when watching a video of a snake than watching a video of an elephant, even when paired with a fearful voice,” says co-author, Vansessa Lobue, at Rutgers University in New Jersey, the US. Instead, the babies’ startle response was actually lower. Their heart response was also lower, which also indicates that babies were not scared. In other words, though the babies paid more attention to the snakes, this did not cause fear.
Children do not have an innate fear of snakes, agrees Deloache. “It’s not proper to have any hard-wired (硬连线的) fear,” she says, because it would limit a baby’s desire to explore new things.
21. The study mentioned in the third paragraph was designed to test whether________.
A. snakes are deadly to people
B. people have an innate fear of snakes
C. babies are more interested in living things
D. a fear of snakes is the most common fear in the world
22. What can we learn about the first study from the text?
A. Babies would cry when they heard a fearful voice
B. Judy was one of the researchers in the study.
C. The study cannot be regarded as hard proof.
D. Babies prefer happy voices to fearful ones.
23. The underlined word “startle” in the fourth paragraph means “________”.
A. scare B. call C. ask D. hit
24. What were the babies’ responses in the second study?
A. They were very afraid of the snakes.
B. Their startle responses became bigger.
C. They were more interested in the light than in the snakes.
D. Their heart response became lower when watching a video of a snake.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两个研究，一个研究测试人们是否对蛇有天生的恐惧，另一个研究重新评估婴儿对蛇的反应，结果显示婴儿对蛇并不是天生的恐惧。
21. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Many people believe that we are innately (天生) scared of them, because some snakes are deadly. Seemingly in line with that, 11-month-old babies were shown images of a snake paired with either a fearful or a happy voice. (许多人认为我们天生就害怕它们，因为有些蛇是致命的。与此似乎一致的是，研究人员给11个月大的婴儿展示了一条蛇的图片，配合着要么是恐惧的，要么是快乐的蛇的声音)”可知，第三段提到的研究是为了测试人们是否对蛇有天生的恐惧。故选B项。
22. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“ However, the study was not hard proof. (然而，这项研究并不是确凿的证据)”可知，第一项研究不能被视为确凿的证据。故选C项。
23. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The team measured babies physiological responses (生理反应) as they watched videos of snakes and elephants, paired with both fearful and happy voices. They then set out to startle the babies to see how they would react. (研究小组测量了婴儿在观看蛇和大象的视频时的生理反应，这些视频分别配有恐惧和快乐的声音。然后他们开始________这些婴儿，看他们会有什么反应)”由讲述“测量了婴儿在观看蛇和大象的视频时的生理反应”可知，要看婴儿有什么反应，肯定要用那些有声音的视频去惊吓婴儿，因此猜测划线词startle意为“惊吓，恐吓”。故选A项。
24. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Instead, the babies’ startle response was actually lower. Their heart response was also lower, which also indicates that babies were not scared. (相反，婴儿的惊吓反应实际上更低。他们的心脏反应也较低，这也表明婴儿并不害怕)”可知，在第二项研究中，当婴儿他们观看蛇的视频时，他们的心脏反应较低。故选D项。
7
Good Morning Britain weather girl Laura Tobin left her co-hosts and viewers speechless after she accidentally tore a rare Superhero poster worth about £150,000 live on air.
To mark the start of comic book and sci-fi festival London Super Comic Con, Laura was tasked with showing rare magazines and expensive collection. She informed the audience: “We’ve got a very special display here called The Replicator Man. This was a character back in the 1970s. This is a special poster that is worth about £150,000 and there are only ten of them in the world.” Laura was seen telling viewers at home about the history of the comic book poster (连环画海报). Handling the image, Laura continued: “No one’s really seen this before.”
She attempted to pick up the picture in order to “get a closer look”. “I’ve got my gloves on but I’m feeling really nervous because it is said the oils can really spoil them.” As she tried to remove the picture from the display board, it tore in half and Laura screamed: “Oh my goodness! Is this the original one that’s worth £150.000?”
The set fell silent and the presenters weren’t quite sure how to react after the awkward moment. Fellow Good Morning Britain hosts Charlotte Hawkins and Ranvir Singh, on her right, didn’t know how to react to the “mishap”.
“My heart is going ten to the dozen. Was it the gloves?” Laura cried. Completely unaware of the joke, co-host Richard Arnold threw his hand to his face and said: “We are making this up, right?” He added: “I’m a bag of nerves now, Laura.”
Meanwhile, newsreader Ranvir Singh said: “We’ve probably got some insurance that covers this.” While panicked, Charlotte Hawkins looked around the studio and said: “Can we just glue that back down again? Can we go to an advertisement?”
Clearly pleased that she had managed to fool her colleagues, Laura finally revealed: “Guys—it was a joke! It’s not really worth £150,000. It’s worth nothing!” She then took much delight in tearing the rest of the picture into tiny pieces.
25. Which is the right order of the happening according to the passage?
a. Laura’s colleagues were at a loss b. the poster was completely ruined
c. Laura was blaming the gloves d. Laura tore the poster
A. a-b-d-c B. a-d-b-c C. d-a-c-b D. d-c-a-b
26. It can be inferred that Laura________.
A. organized the start of a sci-fi festival London Super Comic Con
B. felt really nervous so she decided to wear a pair of white gloves
C. had bought some rare memorabilia about the Replicator Man
D. successfully conducted a trick on her colleagues in a program
27. The underlined word “mishap” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by________.
A. accident B. piece C. girl D. program
28. The underlined sentence in Para 5 passes us the message that________.
A. Richard Arnold didn’t want people to recognize him
B. Richard Arnold tried to hide his anxiety
C. Richard Arnold wanted to give himself a good beat
D. Richard Arnold couldn’t help laughing
【答案】25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了《早安英国》天气预报员 Laura Tobin 在一个节目直播时不小心撕毁了一张罕见的超级英雄海报，成功地捉弄了她的同事，这令这让其他主持人和观众们哑口无语。
25. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“As she tried to remove the picture from the display board, it tore in half and Laura screamed: “Oh my goodness! Is this the original one that’s worth £150.000?”(当她试图把画从展示板上拿下来时，画被撕成了两半，劳拉尖叫道：“哦，我的天哪!这就是那幅价值15万英镑的原画吗?”)”可知d是第一个；第四段中“Fellow Good Morning Britain hosts Charlotte Hawkins and Ranvir Singh, on her right, didn’t know how to react to the “mishap”. (《早安英国》的主持人Charlotte Hawkins和Ranvir Singh(在她右边)不知道如何应对“意外”)”可知a是第二个；第五段中““My heart is going ten to the dozen. Was it the gloves?” Laura cried. (“我的心都快跳出来了。是因为手套吗?”劳拉哭了)”可知c是第三个；以及最后一段中“She then took much delight in tearing the rest of the picture into tiny pieces. (然后，她非常高兴地把画的其余部分撕成小碎片)”可知b是最后一个。因此顺序为d-a-c-b。故选C项。
26. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Clearly pleased that she had managed to fool her colleagues, Laura finally revealed: “Guys—it was a joke! It’s not really worth £150,000. It’s worth nothing!” (显然，Laura很高兴自己能骗过同事，她最终揭露了：“伙计们，这是个笑话!它不值15万英镑。它一文不值!”)”可知，Laura在一个节目中成功地捉弄了她的同事。故选D项。
27. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“As she tried to remove the picture from the display board, it tore in half (当她试图把画从展示板上拿下来时，画被撕成了两半)”和第四段中“Fellow Good Morning Britain hosts Charlotte Hawkins and Ranvir Singh, on her right, didn’t know how to react to the “mishap”. (《早安英国》的主持人Charlotte Hawkins和Ranvir Singh(在她右边)不知道如何应对mishap)”Laura把画撕成了两半可知，此时她的两个同事应该是不知道如何应对这个意外，因此猜测划线词mishap意为“意外”，因此可用accident代替。故选A项。
28. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Completely unaware of the joke, co-host Richard Arnold threw his hand to his face and said: “We are making this up, right?” He added: “I’m a bag of nerves now, Laura.”(搭档主持Richard Arnold完全没有意识到这个玩笑，他用手捂住他的脸说：“我们会修补这个的，对吧?”他补充说：“劳拉，我现在非常紧张。”)”由Richard Arnold说自己现在非常紧张，可知，面对这个意外，Richard Arnold一时间没办法面对，因此Richard Arnold试图（用手）掩饰自己的焦虑。故选B项。
8
Students in Washington, D. C. , will return to classrooms this month to begin a new school year. But at least five percent of their teachers will not return with them. Last month, the District of Columbia public schools told two hundred six teachers that they are not good enough to stay.
The school system dismissed seventy-five teachers last year. It was the first year of a new teacher rating system. Experts say such large numbers of dismissals are rare in American schools. But in Washington the rating system is not governed by the labor contract (劳务合同) with teachers union. So school officials have more freedom. The system is called IMPACT. Teachers are observed in the classrooms five times a year for at least thirty minutes each time. They are also judged by student test scores.
Emily Cohen, a policy director, says the National Council supports the IMPACT system She says, “This is an evaluation method that is finally able to find who is highly effective and who is ineffective.” Michelle Rhee created the IMPACT system. She gained national attention for her aggressive reform efforts when she led the troubled school system in the nation’s capital.
Some Washington teachers say their rating depend too heavily on test scores. For some teachers, half of their rating is based on how well their students do. But Emily Cohen says test scores are important. “Testing is probably one of the-it’s the most objective data that we have on teacher performance. So it’s not just looking at student test performance, it is using other sources of data.”
Almost sixty percent of the teachers who were rated “minimally effective” last year stayed in the school system and improved. School officials say these teachers received help to become better.
29. We can infer from paragraph l and 2 that________.
A. there are more than 3000 teachers in Washington, D. C
B. this is the first year that teachers are fired
C. such a large number of dismissals is very common in American schools
D. schools officials in Washington, D. C have more rights to dismiss teachers
30. The teachers’ ratings depend on________.
A. the test scores the students get
B. their relationship with school officials
C. test scores and other sources of data
D. how well their students perform in the class
31. The author’s attitude towards the IMPACT system is________.
A. objective B. positive C. negative D. questioning
32. The best title for the text might be________.
A. New School Year B. The IMPACT System
C. Teachers Are Dismissed D. Students’ Test Scores
【答案】29. D 30. C 31. A 32. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了华盛顿学校实施新的教师评估系统——IMPACT系统，不够好的教师将被解雇，不能留下来。
29. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Last month, the District of Columbia public schools told two hundred six teachers that they are not good enough to stay. (上个月，哥伦比亚特区的公立学校告诉206名教师，他们不够好，不能留下来)”和第二段中“But in Washington the rating system is not governed by the labor contract (劳务合同) with teachers union. So school officials have more freedom. (但在华盛顿，评分系统并不受与教师工会签订的劳动合同的约束。所以学校官员有更多的自由)”可知，华盛顿特区的学校官员有更多的权利解雇教师。故选D项。
30. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The system is called IMPACT. Teachers are observed in the classrooms five times a year for at least thirty minutes each time. They are also judged by student test scores. (该系统称为IMPACT。教师每年在教室里被观察五次，每次至少30分钟。他们也由学生的考试成绩来判断)”和倒数第二段中““Testing is probably one of the-it’s the most objective data that we have on teacher performance. So it’s not just looking at student test performance, it is using other sources of data.”(“测试可能是我们掌握的关于教师表现的最客观的数据之一。所以它不只是考察学生的考试成绩，还使用了其他数据来源。”)”可知，教师的评分取决于学生的考试分数和其他数据来源。故选C项。
31. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Michelle Rhee created the IMPACT system. She gained national attention for her aggressive reform efforts when she led the troubled school system in the nation’s capital. (Michelle Rhee创建了IMPACT系统。当她引领美国首都陷入困境的学校系统时，她积极的改革努力赢得了全国的关注)”和最后一段中“Almost sixty percent of the teachers who were rated “minimally effective” last year stayed in the school system and improved. (在去年被评为“低效”的教师中，有近60%的人留在了学校系统并得到了改善)”可知，作者对IMPACT系统的态度是客观的。故选A项。
32. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But at least five percent of their teachers will not return with them. Last month, the District of Columbia public schools told two hundred six teachers that they are not good enough to stay. (但至少有5%的老师不会和他们一起回来。上个月，哥伦比亚特区的公立学校告诉206名教师，他们不够好，不能留下来)”和第二段中“The system is called IMPACT. Teachers are observed in the classrooms five times a year for at least thirty minutes each time. They are also judged by student test scores. (该系统称为IMPACT。教师每年在教室里被观察五次，每次至少30分钟。他们也由学生的考试成绩来判断)”以及下文的相关描述，可知，本文主要介绍了华盛顿学校实施新的教师评估系统——IMPACT系统，因此本文的最佳标题选项B“IMPACT系统”符合题意。故选B项。