(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters (含答案)，共11页。





Ⅰ.认阅读单词
1．tornado n．(pl.-oes or -os)龙卷风；旋风
2．drought n．旱灾；久旱
3．landslide n．(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
4．tsunami n．海啸
5．volcanic eruption火山喷发
6．magnitude n．(地)震级；重大
7．evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离
8．helicopter n．直升机
9．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂
10．brick n．砖；砖块
11．metal n．金属
12．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒
13．revival n．振兴；复苏
14．unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体
15．volcano n．(pl.-oes or -os)火山
16．typhoon n．台风
17．hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
18．whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n．哨子(声)；呼啸声
Ⅱ.记重点单词
1．disaster n．灾难；灾害
2．slide vi.& vt.(slid，slid)(使)滑行；滑动
3．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
4．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
5．damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失
6．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
7．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
8．gas n．汽油；气体；燃气
9．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
10．percent n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中
11．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
12．bury vt.埋葬；安葬
13．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
14．context n．上下文；语境；背景
15．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
16．tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
17．pipe n．管子；管道
18．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
19．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助
20．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
21．sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫
22．wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
23．strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
Ⅲ.知拓展单词
1．death n．死；死亡→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→die v．死亡
2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effect n．效果；结果；影响→effective adj.有效的
3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
4．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的
5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的
7．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．受难；苦楚
8．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n．喷发
9．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生还→survivor n．幸存者；生还者
10．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj.强大的；强壮的→powerless adj.无力的
11．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→emergent adj.紧急的→emerge vi.浮现；出现
12．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交
13．summary n．总结；概括；概要→summariz(s)e vt.& vi.总结；概括
14．length n．长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．(使)变长
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．as if似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
3．in shock震惊；吃惊
4．in the open air露天；在户外
5．first aid kit急救箱
6．on hand现有(尤指帮助)
7．sweep away消灭；彻底消除
8．refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
9．the number of...……的数量

1．ambulance n．救护车
2．ancient adj.古代的
3．anniversary n．周年纪念日
4．annual adj.每年的
5．antique n．古董，古玩
6．apartment n．公寓
7．apparent adj.表面上的；明显的

1．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.(too...to...)
鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。
2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.(as if引导的虚拟语气)
仿佛世界末日即将来临。
3．Water，food，and electricity were hard to get.(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)
很难得到水、食物和电。
4．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(those who...)
地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
5．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。
6．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(be doing...when...正在做……突然……)
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

Disasters such as tornadoes，droughts，floods，landslides，volcanic eruptions，typhoons，hurricanes and earthquakes have come one after another，causing great 1.damage to many countries.In summary，the earthquake has the worst effects.The 1976 Tangshan earthquake caused more than 240,000 2.deaths.90 percent of homes lay in ruins and people 3.suffered a lot.Food，water and electricity were hard to get.Everywhere the 4.shocked survivors saw destroyed bricks，deep cracks in village wells and useless metals as if the world were at an end.Rescue teams dug out the trapped,5.buried the dead，and built shelters in the open air.With unified efforts and wisdom of all people，the city revived itself and began to 6.breathe again.Earthquakes under the sea can also cause tsunamis.The tsunami that 7.struck Asia in 2004 crashed into coastlines.Huge waves swept away many people.Foreign countries aided these areas by 8.delivering food and supplies by helicopters.(Tips for emergency：※ Keep calm ※ Tap on a pipe or whistle for help※Stay away from power lines ※ Survive on what you have on hand ※ Keep first aid kits at home)

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
affect v．影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭；使感染(effect n．影响；结果；效果 effective adj.有效的)
•be affected by受……的影响；被……感动
be affected with感染……疾病
•have an effect/influence on/upon对……产生影响

(1)We must take effective(affect) measures to prevent natural disasters in advance.
(2)Unluckily，he was affected(affect) with a serious illness and passed away，making us depressed.
(3)总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)
In summary，the English newspaper Youth affects me greatly/has a great effect on me.I am often deeply affected by countless moving stories in the newspaper.
shock vt.(使)震惊 n．休克；震惊；令人震惊的事(shocked adj.感到震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的)
•be a shock to...对……而言是一件震惊的事
in shock吃惊地，震惊地
•be shocked at sth./that...对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth.因做某事而感到震惊

(1)Looking at the house which lay in ruins in shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.
(2)All of us were shocked at the shocking news that many deaths had been caused by the mountain fire.(shock)
(3)I was shocked to hear(hear) the news that his car got crashed the other day seriously.The news was a shock to us.
(4)The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.Elli and I were shocked.
(2020·浙江，读后续写)
→The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in，which shocked Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)
→What shocked Elli and me was that the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.(用what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句改写)
bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏
bury sth.in...把某物埋在……
bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于，专心于

(1)He wept sadly and he buried his face in his hands.(读后续写之动作描写)
→He wept sadly，burying his face in his hands.(用doing作状语改写)
→He wept sadly，with his face buried in his hands.(用with的复合结构改写)
→He wept sadly，his face buried in his hands.(用独立主格改写)
(2)我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)
①I bury myself in/am buried in reading the English newspaper every day and I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.
②Buried in reading the English newspaper every day，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(suffering n．受苦，遭难；苦楚，苦难 sufferer n．受害者；患者)
suffer from遭受……折磨；患……病

(1)People of the disaster area suffered a lot from the typhoon，and water supplies and electricity were hard to get.
(2)生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(读后续写之升华句)(强调句)
There are always some ups and downs in our lives，but it is the suffering that makes us stronger.
survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸免；幸存；艰难度过；生还；比……活得长(survivor n．幸存者 survival n．幸存；生还)
survive on靠……存活下来
survive sth.幸免于；从……中活过来
A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……)

(1)We will do everything in our power to help those survivors(survive) in the tornado.
(2)Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving entirely on discarded(丢弃的) food.(2019·浙江)
(3)Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband by 5 years.
(4)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之升华句)
Life isn’t about how to survive the storm；it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck/stricken)击打；罢工；(时钟等)敲响；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给(某人以……)印象；突然想起 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
•be struck with/by被……所袭击(感动)
It strikes sb.that...某人觉得……；某人突然想起……
sth.strike sb.某人想到……
•be on strike在罢工
go on strike举行罢工
•表示“突然想到”的单词还有hit，occur。

(1)The workers are coming out on strike for higher wages，which is a shock to the government.
(2)被他为我所做的事情所感动，我不能自已，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(读后续写之心理描写)
①Because I was struck by what he had done for me，I couldn’t contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.
②Struck by what he had done for me，I couldn’t contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
(3)我突然想到我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。(2021·1月浙江，读后续写)
It suddenly struck/hit/occurred to me that I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin.
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 (ruin n．废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产)
be/lie in ruins成为废墟；毁灭
fall/come into ruin成为废墟；毁灭
ruin one’s hope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康

(1)90 percent of houses lay in ruins after the landslide and helicopters were used to evacuate people living there.
(2)The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against COVID-19 day and night and it nearly ruined his health.(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
→The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against COVID-19 day and night，which nearly ruined his health.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)
→The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against COVID-19 day and night，nearly ruining his health.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
as if/though似乎；仿佛；好像
•as if相当于as though，意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem，look等系动词之后引导表语从句。as if/though还可引导方式状语从句。
•若as if/though从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气。
①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)；
②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had＋过去分词)；
③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。

(1)Listen，the whistle of an ambulance！It seems as if there is(be) an emergency.
(2)When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it were(be)broken.
(3)似乎Mac的生命结束了。
It seemed as if Mac’ s life had come to an end.
(4)树林里很黑，似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。(读后续写之心理描写)
It is dark in the woods.It seems as if there were a fierce beast behind every bush.The more she thinks of this，the more frightened she is.
(5)看起来好像他们可能会给我们一百万美元。但我知道这是不可能的。
It seems as if they might/would give us a million dollars.But I know it is impossible.
用法点拨　若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大，则不用虚拟语气。

　 I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。
句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下三种句型：
•be about to do...when...正要做……突然……
•be on the point of doing...when...正要做……突然……
•had (just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然……

(1)我们正要离开时，隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的响声。
We were about to leave/were on the point of leaving when a big noise came from the next room.
(2)我正在上网搜索相关信息，这时我的手机突然响了。
I was searching the Internet for the relevant information when my cellphone rang.
(3)我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来，这时房子塌了。
I had just escaped from the burning house when it fell to the ground.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．strike
A.v.打　B.v.使突然想起　C.n.罢工
D.v.(灾难、疾病等)袭击　E.v.划(火柴) F.v.(钟)敲)

(1)When I entered the room，the clock had just struck 10. F
(2)As an old saying goes，“Strike the iron while it’s hot.” You’d better go over what you have learned as soon as possible. A
(3)The girl struck a match and the warm light filled the room immediately. E
(4)They have been on strike for several days to get a higher pay. C
(5)A big earthquake struck the area last week，which then caused a terrible tsunami. D
(6)It strikes us that we can follow the stream back to the farmhouse. B
2．deliver

(1)The princess has been delivered of a healthy baby boy. B
(2)I’m having some flowers delivered for her birthday. A
(3)I feel greatly honoured to deliver a lecture on genetic engineering here. C
3．affect

(1)Deeply affected by the film，we couldn’t hold back tears. B
(2)Honestly speaking，the coming-of-age ceremony affects me greatly.(2020·天津，书面表达)
A
(3)The flood affected the area greatly，destroying houses and causing many deaths. C
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from shock.休克
(2)When we visited the old family home，past sweet memories came flooding back.大量涌入
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．He made a great effort to save the girl trapped(trap) in the burning house.
2. Working out either indoors or outdoors regularly will affect(effect) your fitness positively.
3．The news that the athlete failed in the marathon due to a serious injury made us shocked(shock)．
4．Buried(bury) in reading the legend of a master in basketball，he didn’t make it to school on time.
5．How can you survive on such a poor diet? Keeping slim doesn’t make sense if you’re not healthy.
6. Compared with those who are engaged in manual labor，teachers experience more mental sufferings(suffer)．
7．It struck me that I was cheating myself by pretending to understand what I didn’t.
8．The stadium and the gym lay in ruins after the big fire caused by careless smoking.
9．The schoolboys compete fiercely in the soccer match as if they were competing(compete) in a national championship.
10．To win an honour for his country，he didn’t give up even if he got injured in the race，setting(set) a good example to others.

Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练
(2021·全国乙)——在线学习
1．我觉得在线学习对我们学生有重大影响。(It strikes sb.that；effect)
It strikes me that online learning has a great effect on us students.
2．许多学生专心学习有益的在线课程，这既扩大了他们的视野也提高了他们的学习兴趣。(be buried in；现在分词短语作结果状语)
Many students are buried in learning beneficial online courses，broadening their horizons and enhancing their learning interest.
3．然而，使我们震惊的是许多学生沉溺于在线游戏。(shock)
However，what shocks us/what makes us shocked is that many students are addicted to online games.
4．这从长远看一定会毁掉他们的健康和希望。(ruin)
It will definitely ruin their health and hope in the long run.
5．尽管这个问题很难解决，我们应该不遗余力地帮助那些正在遭受网瘾之苦的人。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do；those who...；suffer from)
Although/Though/While the problem is difficult to handle，we should spare no effort to help those who are suffering from Internet addiction.
Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练
教材续写语料
1．情感描写
shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊
in shock震惊；吃惊
calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静→calmness n．镇静
2．动作描写
slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动
flood vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.帮助；援助
crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
sweep vt.& vi.打扫；清扫
wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过
3．环境描写
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
in the open air露天；在户外
typhoon n．台风
hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
续写语料运用
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。
汤姆震惊地发现水一直上涨。他被困在他的房子里，他的心一下子提到了嗓子眼。吓得僵住了，他站在那里一动不动，各种可怕的想法向他涌来。他是否可以在洪水中活下来还是个未知数。幸运的是，一些救援人员来帮助他了，给他带来了最后一线希望。镇静立即替代了心里不断增加的恐惧和不安。遭受了这么多，汤姆再也不能抑制自己的情绪，感激的泪水像断了线的珠子一样滚下他的脸颊。
Tom was shocked to find that the water kept rising.He was trapped in his house and his heart suddenly jumped into his throat.Frozen with fear，he stood rooted to the spot，various terrible thoughts flooding in.Whether he would survive the flood was still unknown.Luckily，some rescue workers came to his aid，bringing him the last glimmer of hope.A sense of calmness immediately replaced the mounting fear and anxiety in his mind.Having suffered so much，Tom couldn’ t contain his emotions and tears of gratitude trickled down his cheeks，like a broken line of beads.