2022上海十六区高三英语二模汇编 —词汇填空（答案解析版）

这是一份2022上海十六区高三英语二模汇编 —词汇填空（答案解析版），共38页。试卷主要包含了宝山区， G 40，崇明区，奉贤区，虹口区，嘉定区，杨浦区等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022上海高三英语二模词汇填空汇编

1.宝山区

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. convinced B. healing C. features D. bend E. announced F. excitement
G. relaxed H. initially I. reliable J. particularly K. character
Disney parks and movies never fail to capture my imagination! I was a child when I first experienced the Jungle Cruise ride at Disneyland. The boat and the scenery looked so real! I expected danger and excitement around every ___31___ of the river.
The ride was partly based on a series of Disney nature films called True-life Adventures. Plant specialist Morgan “Bill” Evans completely changed an area of Disneyland into a realistic-looking jungle. Walt Disney had ideas for the ride and ___32___ wanted to include real animals. But after much discussion, animal experts ___33___ Disney that mechanical animals would be more ___34___. The ride, a fan favorite, can now be found in four of the world’s Disney parks.
In the past, many of Disney’s amusement park rides were inspired by Disney movies. But, this is not the case for Jungle Cruise. The popular ride has inspired a soon-to-be-released movie with the same name. The film ___35___ one of the world’s biggest stars, Dwayne Johnson. His co-star is the very talented Emily Blunt.
Jungle Cruise is the fourth Disney film for both Johnson and Blunt. Yet they weren’t the first choices for their parts in the movie. In 2011, it was ___36___ that Tom Hanks and Tim Allen would star in the film. By 2015 the plans had changed, and Dwayne Johnson was cast in Jungle Cruise. Emily Blunt joined the cast in 2018.
Dwayne Johnson plays Frank, a riverboat captain who knows the river better than anyone else. Emily Blunt’s ___37___, Lily, is a scientist. She’s in search of a tree that is widely believed to possess ___38___ powers.
Johnson describes Lily as “the female version of Indiana Jones." Frank is actually a lot more ___39___ and only cares about his money and his cat. Everything changes when Lily convinces him to take her and her brother on a dangerous mission. As Johnson describes it, the journey is "the adventure of a lifetime!”
I can’t wait to experience the adventure of watching Disney’s long-awaited Jungle Cruise. Watching it in theaters will bring me back to the ____40____ of visiting Disneyland as a child.
【答案】31. D 32. H 33. A 34. I 35. C 36. E 37. K 38. B
39. G 40. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇影评。文章主要介绍了迪士尼最新电影《丛林巡航》，介绍了其拍摄背景、灵感来源以及主演等。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：我期待这条河的每一个转弯处的危险和刺激。根据every可知，空处为名词，意思和“river”相关。bend意为“弯道”，符合句意。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查副词。句意：华特·迪士尼对这个游乐项目有想法，最初想要加入真正的动物。分析句子成分可知，所缺成分为副词。再根据下文“But after much discussion”可知，后来发生了变化，所以空处指的是起初。initially意为“起初”，符合句意。故选H。
【33题详解】
考查动词。句意：但经过多次讨论，动物专家说服迪士尼，机械动物更可靠。空处为主句谓语动词，根据上文的“But after much discussion”可知，动物专家是通过讨论说服了迪士尼。根据文章时态可知，用一般过去时。convince意为“说明、使信服”，符合句意。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但经过多次讨论，动物专家说服迪士尼，机械动物更可靠。根据空前的“be more”可知，空处为形容词。再根据上文的“real animals”可知，这里指的是和真正的动物相比，机械动物的优点是更为安全、可靠。reliable意为“可靠的”，符合句意。故选I 。
【35题详解】
考查动词。句意：这部电影由世界上最大牌的影星之一道恩·强森主演。分析句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语动词。主语为“the film”，其后宾语为“one of the world’s biggest stars, Dwayne Johnson.”是演员的名字，所以空处应解释为“由……主演”。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。feature意为“由……主演”，符合句意。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：2011年，汤姆·汉克斯和蒂姆·艾伦宣布将出演这部电影。空前为“it was”，可判断空处为过去分词。再根据空后的“Tom Hanks and Tim Allen would star in the film.”可知，这是一个通告的内容。announce意为“通知、宣布”，符合句意。故选E。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：艾米莉·布朗特饰演的角色莉莉是一名科学家。空处位于所有格之后，应填名词，根据下文的“Lily”，可知，这是她所扮演的角色。character意为“角色”，符合句意。故选K。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她正在寻找一棵被广泛认为具有治愈能力的树。根据下文的powers可知，空处为形容词，且指的是超能力。healing意为“治愈的”，符合句意，符合句意。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：弗兰克其实要轻松得多，他只关心钱和猫。根据上文的“is actually a lot more”可知，空处为形容词。再根据下文“only cares about his money and his cat”说明他很放松。relaxed意为“轻松的”，符合句意。故选G。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：在电影院看这部电影会让我回想起小时候参观迪士尼乐园的兴奋。根据空前的the可知，空处为名词。再根据第一段“I expected danger and excitement around every bend of the river.”可知，这是参观迪士尼乐园带来的兴奋。excitement意为“兴奋”，符合句意。故选F。


2.崇明区

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. accessible B. accommodate C. committed D. conducted E. figure F. function
G. leadership H. population I. reserved J. specific K. survival
Making Fashion Accessible
People with Down syndrome (唐氏综合症) have shorter arms and legs, rounder bodies and common sensitivities to tags and fabrics (布料), which make it difficult to find everyday clothes, like jeans, that fit them and feel good.
A research study at the University of Delaware’s Innovation, Health and Design Lab is being ___31___ to create the United States’ first size guide for people with Down syndrome. The lab’s mission is to provide a whole community with access to outfits that help them ___32___ with more independence and confidence.
At the end of the study, the nearly 1,000 participating children with Down syndrome will each receive free custom-made jeans that ___33___ their size and limited motor functions.
The lab, which opened in September 2018, is powered by the vision and ___34___ of Martha Hall. Hall started her career designing cocktail dresses. But after she saw the work a professor was doing for children with motor disabilities, she got inspired and ___35___ herself to improving minorities’ quality of life through functional clothing afterwards. The lab projects address everything from inclusive clothing and athletic wear to medical devices that can increase the ___36___ chances of premature babies.
Some brands have tried to make sensory sensitive clothing lines ___37___, but they’re not using accurate size guides, said Hall. That’s where Hall’s student researchers come in. With the Down syndrome size guide and jean project, they interview caregivers to learn the children’s ___38___ needs.
To produce the size chart, the lab uses a three-dimensional (三维的) scanner that scans each participant’s body and creates a 3D colored ___39___ with exact measurements. Once all participants are scanned, the company that created the machine will take the measurements, create a size guide and sell the guide to companies, which will be able to design clothing based on accurate measurements for this ___40___ of people.
【答案】31. D 32. F 33. B 34. G 35. C 36. K 37. A 38. J 39. E 40. H
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了一项为唐氏综合症患者能找到适合自己、感觉良好的日常服装的研究，以创建美国首个唐氏综合症患者的体型指南。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：特拉华大学创新、健康和设计实验室正在进行一项研究，以创建美国首个唐氏综合症患者的体型指南。分析句子结构可知，此处是现在进行时的被动语态，所以空处应填动词，根据后文“to create the United States’ first size guide”可知，是研究被组织去创造指南，conduct意为“组织”，符合句意。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：实验室的使命是为整个社区提供装备，帮助他们更加独立和自信地工作。分析句子结构可知，此处是help sb. do sth.的固定句型，所以空处应填动词，function意为“正常工作”，符合上下文句意。故选F项。
【33题详解】
考查动词。句意：在研究结束时，近1000名参与研究的唐氏综合症儿童每人将获得免费定制的牛仔裤，这些牛仔裤适合他们的体型和有限的运动功能。分析句子结构可知，that引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，再根据后文“their size and limited motor functions”，可知accommodate 意为“适合”，符合句意。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：该实验室于2018年9月开放，其动力来自Martha Hall的远见和领导力。分析句子结构，根据空前and可知空处和vision并列，所以应填名词且意思相近，leadership意为“领导力”，符合句意。故选G项。
【35题详解】
考查动词。句意：但当她看到一位教授为运动障碍儿童所做的工作后，她受到了启发，并致力于通过功能性服装来改善少数人的生活质量。根据空前and可知空处和got并列，所以空处应用动词，根据后文“herself to improving minorities’ quality of life”，可知此处是commit oneself to doing的固定搭配，意为“致力于做某事”，所以committed符合句意。故选C项。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些实验室项目涵盖了从包容性服装和运动服到可以增加早产儿生存机会的医疗设备的所有方面。根据空前冠词the可知空处应填名词，再根据空前increase 以及空后的chances，可知survival“生存”符合题意，此处指提高生存几率，符合句意。故选K项。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：霍尔说，一些品牌试图让感官敏感的服装系列易于使用，但他们没有使用准确的尺码指南。分析句子结构可知，此处考查的make sb./sth. adj.的固定搭配，意为“让某人/某物……”，所以空处应填形容词，accessible意为“可使用的”，符合句意。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在唐氏综合症尺码指南和牛仔裤项目中，他们采访了护理人员，了解孩子们的具体需求。分析句子结构可知，空前是名词所有格，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词修饰，根据前文“ they interview caregivers”，可知他们采访了护理人员，去了解具体需求，所以specific 意为“具体的”，符合句意。故选J项。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：为了制作尺寸图表，实验室使用一个三维扫描仪扫描每个参与者的身体，并创建一个有精确测量值的3D彩色图形。根据空前的colored可知，空处应填名词，根据前文“scans each participant’s body”可知，扫描身体，应是建立3D图形，figure 意为“图形”，符合句意。故选E项。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：一旦所有参与者被扫描，制造机器的公司将测量尺寸，制作一个尺寸指南，并将指南出售给公司，这些公司将能够根据这一人群的准确尺寸设计服装。空前的his为指示代词，后接名词，根据空后的of people，可知population意为“人口数量”，符合句意。故选H项。

3.奉贤区

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. urgent B. transformative C. presents D. grabbed E. declaration
F. collective G. capacity H. worsening I. determined J. foundation K. responsibility
Save the World
The United Nations issued a report last week warning that humans are destroying nature at such a rate that life on Earth is at risk. When the report came out, it naturally ____31____ headlines. But obviously it did not hijack the news agenda in the manner of a major terrorist attack or ____32____ of war.
The report from the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is clear on what’s at stake and what needs to change. IPBES chair Robert Watson says the “overwhelming evidence” ____33____ an “ ominous (凶兆的)picture”. “The health of ecosystems on which we and all other species depend is ____34____ more rapidly than ever,” Robert Watson said. “We are biting the very ____35____ of our economies, livelihoods, food security, health and quality of life worldwide.” The report says it’s not too late if we make “____36____ changes” ----fundamental, system-wide reorganization ----- at every level from local to global, we need to focus on how to make that happen.
First, don’t immerse yourself in despair, because despair leads to inertia (惰性) and doing nothing means certain disaster. Every action to save nature will improve our ____37____ and personal futures and the only action to respond to a threat of this scale is with ____38____ action rooted in optimism. Second, we need focus, just like when rescue teams arrive on a scene and use the concept of “triage(伤员鉴别分类)” to ensure the most ____39____ cases get treated first. Saving the natural world needs that kind of thinking. We don’t have the ____40____ to do everything at once. We need to make hard choices.
【答案】31. D 32. E 33. C 34. H 35. J 36. B 37. F 38. I 39. A 40. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了联合国上周发布的一份报告称地球上的生命正处于危险中，我们应该进行多层面彻底变革，以保护我们和所有物种赖以生存的生态系统。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：当这份报告出来时，它自然成为了头条新闻。分析句子可知，空处为主句谓语，根据句中came可知，句子使用一般过去时，结合语意，报告成为了头条新闻，grabbed“抓住”为动词的过去式形式作谓语，符合句意。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：但很明显，它并没有像重大恐怖袭击或宣战那样操纵新闻议程。根据上文“a major terrorist attack”可知，空处应用名词与terrorist attack并列，作介词of的宾语，declaration“宣布，宣告”为名词，符合句意。故选E项。
【33题详解】
考查动词。句意：IPBES主席罗伯特·沃森表示，“压倒性的证据”展示了一幅“不祥的画面”。结合语意，压倒性证据展示了不祥的画面，presents“展示”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：罗伯特·沃森说：“我们和所有其他物种赖以生存的生态系统的健康状况正在以前所未有的速度恶化。”。结合语意，生态系统正在快速恶化，worsening“恶化，变得更坏”为动词，符合句意。故选H项。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们正在侵蚀全球经济、生计、粮食安全、健康和生活质量的根本基础。结合语意，我们正在侵蚀全球很多方面的根本基础，空处应用名词作动词biting的宾语，foundation“基础”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：报告称，如果我们在从地方到全球的各个层面进行“变革性变化”——根本性的全系统重组——还为时不晚，我们需要关注如何实现这一目标。空处应用形容词修饰名词changes，transformative“有改革能力的”为形容词，符合句意。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：每一项拯救自然的行动都将改善我们集体和个人的未来，应对如此大规模威胁的唯一行动就是采取植根于乐观主义的坚定行动。空处应用形容词与personal并列，修饰名词futures，collective“集体的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：每一项拯救自然的行动都将改善我们集体和个人的未来，应对如此大规模威胁的唯一行动就是采取植根于乐观主义的坚定行动。空处应用形容词修饰名词action，determined“坚定的”为形容词，符合句意。故选I项。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：第二，我们需要集中精力，就像救援队到达现场并使用“伤员鉴别分类”的概念来确保最紧急的病例最先得到治疗一样。结合语意，最紧急的病例最先得到治疗，空处应用形容词修饰名词cases，urgent“紧急的”为形容词，符合句意。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们没有能力同时做每件事。结合语意，我们没有同时做每件事的能力，空处应用名词作动词have的宾语，capacity“能力”为名词，符合句意。故选G项。

4.虹口区

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. fertile B. rewoven C. deep-rooted D. recapture E. produce F. needlessly
G. foodstuffs H. minerals I. worthlessly J. document K. deforested
The Promise of the Circular Economy
The origins of the expression “waste not, want not” can be traced to the 1500s.We feel bad when we expend resources ____11____ (like leaving lights on when we’re away) or throw out things that shouldn’t have become trash (like uneaten, past-its-prime produce). This is a ____12____ guilty feeling.
But we do waste in ways big and small. The result is this shocking fact: Of the ____13____, fossil fuels, and other raw materials that we take from the Earth and turn into products, about two-thirds end up as waste. And, more likely than not, that waste is part of a larger environmental problem.
“Plastic trash drifted into ____14____ soils, rivers and oceans. A third of all food rotted, even as the Amazon was ____15____ to produce more,” writes senior environment editor Robert Kunzig in “The End of Trash”. Climate change is what happens when “we burn fossil fuels and spread the waste – carbon dioxide -- into the atmosphere.”
What if we could ____16____ waste and turn it into something else? This concept, called the circular economy, is not entirely new. For generations, in Prato, Italy, old wool sweaters have been reduced to their knitting thread and ____17____ into new clothes. And environmentalists have supported the ideas of “reduce, reuse and recycle” since the 1970s.
Kunzig was sent to ____18____ where the new circular economy is taking hold. They found a lot of examples. In London, researchers are feeding rotted farm ____19____ to insects, which are made into animal feed. In hotel kitchens around the world, chefs are reducing waste from ____20____ like cookies, yogurt and Coke with AI garbage cans that measure it.
“It reminds me of a line in Diner, a movie I love: If you don’t have good dreams, you got nightmares.” Kunzig said, “The circular economy is like that -- it’s a dream we have to try to make real.”
【答案】11. F 12. C 13. H 14. A 15. K 16. D 17. B 18. J 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是可以减少浪费的循环经济。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：当我们消耗不必要的资源（比如外出时不关灯）或扔掉不该变成垃圾的东西（比如未食用的、过期的农产品）时，我们会感觉很糟糕。由“like leaving lights on when we’re away”可知，外出时不关灯是一种不必要的资源浪费，空格处用副词修饰动词expend，意为“不必要地”，是needlessly。故选F。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这是一种根深蒂固的负罪感。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词feeling，由“The origins of the expression “waste not, want not” can be traced to the 1500s”可知，这是一种根深蒂固的负罪感，空格处意为“根深蒂固的”，是deep-rooted，故选C。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：结果是一个令人震惊的事实：在我们从地球上获取并转化为产品的矿物、化石燃料和其他原材料中，大约三分之二最终成为废物。由“fossil fuels, and other raw materials”可知，空格处应是一种原材料，观察选项可知，空格处是“矿物”，故选H。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：塑料垃圾流进了肥沃的土壤、河流和海洋。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词soils，可用“肥沃的”，即fertile，故选A。
【15题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：尽管亚马逊雨林被砍伐以生产更多的食物，但仍有三分之一的食物腐烂了。由“to produce more”可知，句子表示“亚马逊雨林被砍伐以生产更多的食物”，空格处意为“砍伐”，是deforest，句子用被动语态，空前有was，因此空格处用过去分词deforested，故选K。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果我们能回收废物并将其转化成其他东西呢？由“turn it into something else? This concept, called the circular economy”可知，句子表示“回收废物并将其转化成其他东西”，空格处意为“回收”，也就是“重新拿回”，是recapture，could是情态动词，其后跟动词原形，故选D。
【17题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：在意大利的普拉托，几代人以来，旧的羊毛衫已经变成了他们的针织线，并重新编织成新衣服。由“into new clothes”可知，旧的羊毛衫已经变成了他们的针织线，并重新编织成新衣服，空格处意为“重新编织”，是rewoven，线是被重新编织，句子用被动语态，前面有have been，因此空格处用过去分词rewoven，故选B。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：昆齐格被派去记录新的循环经济正在生根发芽的地方。由“where the new circular economy is taking hold. They found a lot of examples”可知，昆齐格被派去记录新的循环经济正在生根发芽的地方，空格处意为“记录”，是document，空格处用不定式表目的，空格处用原形，故选J。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：在伦敦，研究人员将腐烂的农产品喂给昆虫，这些昆虫被制成动物饲料。由“feeding rotted farm___9__to insects”可知，研究人员将腐烂的农产品喂给昆虫，故选E。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：在世界各地的酒店厨房里，厨师们正在用人工智能垃圾桶来测量饼干、酸奶和可乐等食物的浪费。由“like cookies, yogurt and Coke”可知，这些都是食物，空格处意为“食物”，是foodstuff，需用复数，表示不止一种食物，故选G。


5黄埔区
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. structured B. treasures C. revolution D. accessible E. professions F. responsive
G. promises H. formalized I. popularized J. declared K. creation
How the Victorians Invented the “ Staycation ”
Holidays feel like an important refreshment after such a tough year. While international travel is possible, it’s not exactly easy, so many are choosing to stay closer to home, taking a “staycation ”. This year holidaymakers are discovering the ____31____ of the UK’s coast and the beauty of its landscapes.
Domestic tourism as we know it began in the 19th century when the idea of the holiday was just becoming ____32____ . Expanding railways and changing work practices meant people had more leisure time for travelling. International travel was becoming easier but wasn’t ____33____ to all, so the Victorians chose to spend this newfound “ free ” time in the UK.
This gave way to the ____34____ of hot new holiday destinations, mostly on the UK’s coast. Great British seaside towns, from Bournemouth to Brighton, appealed to people with ____35____ of fun, sea and clean air — many of the things that continue to attract people today.
The great summer holiday as we know it was designed by the Victorians. The 19th century saw the industrial ____36____ and the rise of industrial capitalism, where factories were booming and work structures were more clearly and severely defined and presented. This led to the emergence of administrative ____37____ , like clerks, and an emerging middle class.
There was more ____38____ working time, including shift work in factories and time off on Sundays. As a result, working-class people had leisure time to use, and by the 1890s some skilled workers had half days on Saturdays, leading to the birth of the “ weekend ” — though this was not ____39____ until much later in the 20th century.
In 1871 the Bank Holidays Act was passed. This appointed certain days as holidays on which banks closed, though, over the years, more businesses began observing these days off work. Before 1830, banks closed only on the 40 saints’ days of the year, though by 1834 this was just four days, including Christmas day. From 1871, any day could be _____40_____ a bank holiday, not just saints’ days.
【答案】31. B 32. I 33. D 34. K 35. G 36. C 37. E 38. A 39. H 40. J
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是维多利亚时代的居家度假是如何出现的。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：今年，度假者们发现了英国海岸的瑰宝和美丽的风景。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填名词形式作discovering 的宾语，treasures“珍宝”为名词，符合句意。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查分词化形容词。句意：正如我们所知，国内旅游业始于19世纪，当时这个节日的想法刚刚开始流行。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词作becomig的表语，popularize“普及；受欢迎”，动词，其过去分词化的形容词popularized作表语，符合句意。故选I项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：国际旅行变得越来越容易，但并不是所有人都能去，所以维多利亚时代的人们选择在英国度过这段新获得的“自由”时光。分析句子结构可知空格处应填形容词作wasn’t后面表语。短语be accesible to...意为“可接近的；容易进入的”，accessible“易得到的；可使用的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：取而代之的是热门的新度假目的地的产生，主要位于英国海岸。分析句子结构可知空处应填名词形式作短语gave way to...“让位给……”的宾语，create“创造；创建”，其名词形式creation“创造，创建”，符合句意。故选K项。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：从Bournemouth到Brighton，英国的海滨小镇以其乐趣、海洋和清洁的空气吸引着人们——这些东西至今仍在吸引着人们。分析句子结构可知空处应填名词形式作介词with的宾语，promises“承诺；允诺”名词。符合句意。故选G项。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：19世纪见证了工业革命和工业资本主义的兴起，工厂蓬勃发展，工作结构得到了更清晰、更严格的定义和呈现。分析句子结构可知空处应填名词形式作saw的宾语，短语the industrial revolution意为“工业革命”，revolution“革命”，名词，符合句意。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：这导致了管理行业的出现，如职员，和一个新兴的中产阶级。分析句子结构可知，空处应填名词形式作介词of的宾语，profession“行业，职业”，名词，符合句意。故选E项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：有更多的结构化的工作时间，包括工厂的轮班工作和周日的休假。分析句子结构有可知空处应填形容词作定语修饰名词working time，structured“有结构的；有组织的”，形容词，符合句意。故选A项。
【39题详解】
考查语态。句意：因此，工人阶级有闲暇可利用的时间，到19世纪90年代，一些熟练工人在周六有半天的时间，这导致了“周末”的诞生——尽管这直到20世纪后期才正式确定。分析句子结构可知本句为一般过去时的被动语态，formalize“使正式；形式化”，动词，符合句意。故选H项。
【40题详解】
考查语态。句意：从1871年开始，任何一天都可以被宣布为银行假日，而不仅仅是圣徒日。分析句子结构可知空处应填过去分词的形式，与could be一起构成句子的谓语动词。declare“宣布；宣称”，动词，其过去分词declared与could be 一起做谓语动词，符合句意，故选J项。


6.嘉定区

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. pace B. registered C. assess D. baseline E. reverse
F. shifting G. production H. fundamental I. pointing J. invisible K. acknowledged
Chemical Pollution Has Passed Safe Global Limit
Chemical pollution threatens Earth’s systems by damaging the biological and physical processes that support all life. For example, pesticides (杀虫剂) wipe out many non-target insects, which are ____31____ to all ecosystems and, therefore, to the supply of clean air, water and food.
“There has been an increase 50 times in the ____32____ of chemicals since 1950 and this is projected to become three times as much again by 2050,” said Patricia, who was part of the study team. “The ____33____ that societies are producing and releasing new chemicals into the environment is not in agreement with staying within a safe operating space for humanity.”
Determining whether chemical pollution has crossed a planetary border is complex because there is no pre-human ____34____, unlike with the climate crisis and the pre-industrial level of CO2 in the atmosphere. There are a huge number of chemical compounds ____35____ for use—about 350,000—and only a tiny proportion of these have been assessed for safety.
So the research used a combination of measurements to ____36____ the situation. These included the rate of production of chemicals, which is rising rapidly, and their release into the environment, which is happening much faster than the ability of authorities to track the effects.
The well-known negative effects of some chemicals were also part of the assessment. The scientists ____37____ that the data was limited in many areas, but said the weight of evidence pointed to a break of the planetary boundary. “There’s evidence that things are ____38____ in the wrong direction every step of the way,” said Prof Bethanie Carney Almroth, who was part of the team. “For example, the total mass of plastics now is greater than the total mass of all living mammals (哺乳动物). That to me is a pretty clear indication that we’ve crossed a border. We’re in trouble, but there are things we can do to ____39____ some of this.”
Patricia said that ____40____ to a circular economy was really important and that meant changing materials and products so they can be reused.”
【答案】31. H 32. G 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. K 38. I 39. E 40. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是化学污染已超过全球安全限度的事实。解决该问题应该转向循环经济。
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：例如，杀虫剂消灭了许多非目标昆虫，这些昆虫是所有生态系统的基础，因此是清洁空气、水和食物供应的基础。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。根据空后的to the supply of clean air, water and food可知，这些昆虫是所有生态系统的基础。fundamental为形容词，意为“基础的”，符合句意。故选H 。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：自1950年以来，化学品的产量增加了50倍，预计到2050年，这一数字将再增加三倍。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写名词作宾语。根据空前的increase 50 times，表示的是产量增加。production为名词，意为“产量”，符合句意，故选G。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：各个社会生产和向环境释放新化学品的速度不符合人类在一个安全操作空间内的要求。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写名词做主语。句中的that 引导的是同位语从句，对设空处的“速度”进行解释。pace是名词，意为“速度，步伐”，符合题意。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：确定化学污染是否跨越了地球的边界是很复杂的，因为与气候危机和工业化前大气中的二氧化碳水平不同，在人类出现之前是没有相应的衡量基准的。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写名词做表语。根据前文的a planetary border以及后文的the pre-industrial level可知，此处应该并列的是“底线，准则”。baseline为名词，意为“底线”，符合题意。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：登记使用的化合物数量庞大，约有35万种，其中只有很小一部分经过了安全评估。句中的are为谓语动词，设空处应该使用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动关系。register为动词，意为“登记，注册”，其过去分词为registered，故选B。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，该研究使用了多种测量方法来评估情况。根据句子结构可知，设空处与to构成to do不定式作目的状语。assess为动词，意为“评估”，符合句意。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：科学家们承认，在许多领域的数据是有限的，但他们表示，证据的重要性指向了地球边界的突破。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写动词作谓语。同时句子描述的是过去的事实，故应该使用一般过去时。acknowledge为动词，意为“承认，熟知”，其过去式acknowledged，符合句意。故选K。
【38题详解】
考查现在进行时。句意：这里有证据表明，每一步都在朝着错误的方向发展。根据句子结构可知，设空处与are构成现在进行时，表示动作正在发生或持续的状态。point为动词，意为“指向”，现在分词为pointing。符合句意。故选I 。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们陷入了困境，但我们可以做一些事情来扭转一些局面。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写动词与空前的to构成to do不定式作目的状语，根据居中的but可知前后的内容是转折的即我们可以做一些事情来扭转当前的局面。reverse为动词，意为“转变，扭转”，符合句意。故选E。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：转向循环经济非常重要，这意味着改变材料和产品，，以便它们可以被重复利用。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写动名词做主语。根据空后的changing materials and products可知，设空处应该表达的是“转向循环经济”，才能解决该问题。shift为动词，意为“转变，改变”，其动名词为shifting，符合句意，故选F。


8.金山区

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. accommodate B. alternative C. efficiency D. coincidentally E. dominate F. simplify
G. enthusiastic H. favorite I. immediately J. multifunctional K. consumption
Less is More
Did you know that Americans have approximately three times the amount of space we have fifty years ago? Therefore, you’d think we’d have sufficient room for all of our possessions. However, that’s not the case. We’ve got triple the space, but we’ve become such ____31____ consumers that we require even more. This phenomenon has resulted in significant credit card debt, enormous environmental footprints, and perhaps not ____32____, happiness levels have failed to increase over the same half century.
I’m here to suggest a(n) ____33____— that having less might actually be a preferable decision. Many of us have experienced, at some stage, the pleasure of possessing less. I propose that less stuff and less space can not only help you economize, but also ____34____ your life. I recently started an innovative project to discover some creative solutions that offered me everything I required. By purchasing an apartment that was 40 square meters instead of 60, I ____35____ saved $200,000. Smaller space leads to reduced bills and also a smaller carbon footprint because it’s designed around an edited collection of possessions, limited to my ____36____ stuff. I’m really excited to live there.
How can we live more basically? Firstly, we must cut the unnecessary objects out of our lives without hesitation. To reduce ____37____, we should think before we buy, and ask ourselves, “will it truly make me happier?” Secondly, we require space ____38____. We want appliances that are designed for use most of the time, not for occasional use. Why own a six-burner stove when you rarely use even three burners? Finally, we need ____39____ spaces and housewares. I combined a movable wall with transforming furniture to get more out of my limited space. Consider my coffee table. It increases in size to _____40_____ ten people. My bed simply pops out the wall.
I’m not saying, we should all live in tinier apartments, but consider the benefits of an edited life. When you return home and walk through your front door, take a moment to ask yourselves, “Could I do with a little life editing? Will that give me more freedom and more time?”
【答案】31. G 32. D 33. B 34. F 35. I 36. H 37. K 38. C 39. J 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了简单生活的概念以及如何基本地生活。
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们把空间扩大了两倍，但我们已经成为如此热情的消费者，我们需要更多的空间。根据空后的“consumers”可知，空处为形容词；再根据下文的“we require even more”可知，指的是喜欢购物的消费者。enthusiastic“热情的” ，符合语意。故选G。
【32题详解】
考查副词。句意：这种现象导致了大量的信用卡债务，巨大的环境足迹，也许并非巧合的是，幸福水平在同样的半个世纪里没有提高。根据not可知，空处为副词，coincidentally意为“巧合地”，与上下文语境一致。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：我在这里提出一个选择，少吃可能实际上是一个更好的决定。根据空前的冠词可知，空处为名词，且和下文的“decision”意思相近；alternative意为“可供选择的”。符合语意。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：我认为，用更少的东西和更少的空间不仅可以帮助你节约，而且可以简化你的生活。根据上文的“economize”可知，空处为动词原形；且和“less stuff and less space”保持一致的应该是简化生活。simplify意为“简化”，符合句意。故选F。
【35题详解】
考查副词。句意：我买了一套40平方米的公寓，而不是60平方米的公寓，我立刻节省了20万美元。分析成分可知，空处为副词；根据上文内容“By purchasing an apartment that was 40 square meters instead of 60,”可知，应该是立刻节省了20万美元。immediately意为“立即”，符合句意。故选I。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：更小的空间可以减少开支，也可以减少碳足迹，因为它是围绕着一个编辑过的收藏而设计的，仅限于我最喜欢的东西。根据空后的“stuff”可知，空处为形容词。再根据上文内容可知，空间是小的，所以能放的应该是喜欢的东西。favorite意为“最喜欢的”，符合句意。故选H。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：为了减少消费，我们在购买之前应该三思，问问自己，“它真的会让我更快乐吗?”根据空前reduce，可知，空处为名词；再根据下文“before we buy”可知，是减少消费。consumption意为“消费”，符合句意。故选K。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：其次，我们需要空间高效使用。根据空前的space，可知空处为名词；再根据下文“We want appliances that are designed for use most of the time, not for occasional use.”可知，空间上要高效。efficiency意为“效率”。符合句意，故选C。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：最后，我们需要多功能空间和家庭用品。根据空后的“spaces”可知，空处为形容词。再根据下文“I combined a movable wall with transforming furniture to get more out of my limited space.”可知，作者建议家里的空间和生活用品都是多功能的。multifunctional意为“多功能的”。故选J。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：以我的咖啡桌为例。它扩大了，可以容纳十个人。根据下文“ten people”可知，是可坐下十个人；形式上应为动词原形。accommodate意为“可容纳”，符合句意。故选A。

9.静安区

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. prediction B. automates C. resemble D. images E. diverse
F. cooperate G. sourced H. rough I. crucial J. patented K. streams
Fashion has always been at the forefront of innovation—from the invention of the sewing machine to the rise of e-commerce. Like tech, fashion is forward-looking and cyclical.
And today, fashion technology is growing at a faster pace than ever.
Robots that sew and cut, AI algorithms (算法) that forecast style trends, clothes that are worn in virtual reality—a collection of innovations show how technology ___11___ the fashion design process.
To seize the opportunity to produce more income ___12___ and business models, fashion companies try to ___13___ with technology providers, grab startups, and even build their own tech.
Meanwhile, as the industry faces an overdue count of its environmental and social impacts, it is reexamining processes across the value chain in an attempt to reinvent itself.
For example, artificial intelligence will reshape brands’ approach to product design and development, with a focus on the ___14___ of what customers will want to wear next. But algorithms aren’t taking the place of human designers any time soon. If there’s anything that fashion houses’ experiments have shown, it’s that human involvement is ___15___ to commanding the new ideas provided by AI and translating them into appealing, wearable clothes for now.
Tech companies are pouring in. One IT giant has already tested the water of user-driven AI fashion design with Project Muze. The project trained a system to understand ___16___ colors and style preferences, based on trend data ___17___ from an online fashion platform. From there, Project Muze used an algorithm to create designs to tailor to customers’ real needs.
As a new player, another e-commerce giant, with the project Lab 126, is trying to learn about a particular fashion style and then create similar ___18___ . Without designers or past experiences, it’s like creating from scratch. If that sounds like “fast fashion for sale,” it’s because it probably is. The company has already ___19___ a manufacturing system to make on-demand clothes-making a reality.
Of course, the outcomes of these AI designs aren’t always runway-ready. Many designs created for users of Project Muze were unwearable drafts and some people consider the designs of the Lab 126 ____20____ .
【答案】11. B 12. K 13. F 14. A 15. I 16. E 17 G 18. D 19. J 20. H
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了从缝纫机的发明到电子商务的兴起，时尚一直走在创新的前沿。和科技一样，时尚也具有前瞻性和周期性。如今，时尚科技正以前所未有的速度发展。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：缝纫和裁剪的机器人、预测风格趋势的人工智能算法、在虚拟现实中穿的衣服——这些创新展示了科技如何自动化时装设计过程。分析句子成分可知，空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，时态为一般现在时，主语是单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。automate意为“使……自动化”，符合句意且形式正确。故选B。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：为了抓住这个机会，创造更多的收入流和商业模式，时尚公司试图与技术供应商合作，抓住创业公司，甚至建立自己的技术。根据下文“business models”可知空处为名词的复数形式。stream意为“流、溪流”，符合句意，构成短语：income steams收入流。故选K。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了抓住这个机会，创造更多的收入流和商业模式，时尚公司试图与技术供应商合作，抓住创业公司，甚至建立自己的技术。根据上文的try to可知，空处为动词原形。且和空后的with构成搭配。cooperate意为“合作”，和with构成固定短语：cooperate with与……合作。故选F。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：例如，人工智能将重塑品牌的产品设计和开发方式，重点是预测消费者下一步想穿什么。根据空前的the可知，空处为名词。根据下文“what customers will want to wear next.”可知，这是对未来的预测。prediction意为“预测”，符合文意。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果时装公司的实验表明了什么，那就是人类的参与对于指挥人工智能提供的新想法，并将其转化为吸引人的、可穿戴的服装来说至关重要。根据空前空后可知，空处为形容词，构成短语：be+ adj +to，且to为介词。crucial意为“极其重要的”，构成短语：be crucial to对……来说至关重要。故选I。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：该项目训练了一个系统，根据来自在线时尚平台的趋势数据，理解不同的颜色和风格偏好。根据空后的colors可知，空处为形容词，修饰名词color，且表示多种的、多样的。diverse意为“多样的、不同的”。故选E。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目训练了一个系统，根据来自在线时尚平台的趋势数据，理解不同的颜色和风格偏好。分析句子成分可知，空处为后置定语，修饰“trend data”，选项G“sourced”，和from构成短语be sourced from来自于，符合句意，为过去分词担当后置定语，和被修饰词之间存在被动关系。故选G。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：作为一个新参与者，另一个电子商务巨头，126实验室项目正试图了解一种特定的时尚风格，然后创造类似的形象。根据空前的similar可知，空处为名词的复数形式。images意为“形象”，形式和内容皆正确。故选D。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：该公司已经申请了制造系统的专利，使按需制衣成为现实。根据空前的“has”可知，空处为过去分词。patent意为“申请专利”。形式上为过去分词，内容与句意相符。故选J。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：许多为Muze项目用户创造的设计是不可穿戴的草稿，一些人认为126实验室的设计粗糙。本句考查形容词担当宾语补足语，构成短语：consider +adj.认为……怎么样。rough意为“粗糙的”，与上文“unwearable drafts”一致。故选H。

10.闵行区

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. average B. grouped C. contribution D. initiate E. planted
F. worn G. consume H. serve I. evolved J. tracked
K. scene
Science and technology are advancing at tremendous speed. We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our ___31___ technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices ___32___ much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York ___33___ the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has ___34___ since the early 1990s. The devices were ___35___ by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the ___36___ in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets ___37___ in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The ___38___ number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to thirteen in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and ___39___ to greenhouse gas emissions more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what’s the possible solution? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers would replace old products with new electronics that ___40___ more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
【答案】31. F 32. G 33. J 34. I 35. B 36. K 37. E 38. A 39. C 40. H
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了过旧的设备比新设备消耗更多的能量，对环境有害，并介绍了可能的解决方案。
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们可能会认为，我们是一种一看到有闪亮的新东西就摆脱用旧了的科技产品的生物，但一项新的研究表明，我们在旧设备过时后仍能很好地使用它们。分析句子可知，空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词technology，worn“用旧了的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：这对环境和我们的钱包来说都是坏消息，因为这些过时的设备比做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能量。分析句子结构，空处作句子谓语，根据下文“much more energy”可知，此处表示消耗更多的能量，根据句中is可知，句子使用一般现在时，主语devices是名词的复数形式，谓语动词应用原形形式，consume“消耗”是动词原形形式，符合句意。故选G。
【33题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了弄清楚这些设备使用了多少能量，纽约罗切斯特理工学院的Callie Babbitt和她的同事跟踪了每种产品在其整个生命周期内的环境成本，从矿物开采到我们停止使用该设备。结合语意，Callie Babbitt和她的同事跟踪产品的环境成本这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，tracked“追踪，跟踪”是动词的过去式形式，作句子谓语，符合句意。故选J。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：该方法提供了自20世纪90年代初以来家庭能源使用演变的读数。结合语意，该方法提供了家庭能源使用演变的读数，句中since表示“自从”，句子应用现在完成时，evolved“演变”是动词的过去分词形式，与空前的has构成现在完成时，符合句意。故选I。
【35题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些设备按照1992年定义的台式电脑、最简单的移动电话和盒式电视这一代进行分组。结合语意，设备被分组了，group与主语devices之间是被动关系，所以grouped“分组”使用过去分词形式，与空前的were构成一般过去时的被动语态，符合句意。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：数码相机于1997年登场。空处作介词on的宾语，应用名词，scene“场景”为名词，on the scene表示“登场”，符合句意。故选K。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：一位研究人员说：“客厅的电视被更换了，并被安放在孩子们的房间里，突然有一天，家里的每个房间都有一台电视。”。结合语意，客厅被更换的额电视机被安放在孩子们的房间里，plant与主语television之间是被动关系，所以planted“安放”使用过去分词形式，与空前的gets构成一般现在时的被动语态，符合句意。故选E。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：电子设备的平均数量从1992年的每户4台增加到2007年的13台。结合语意，每户的电子设备的平均数量增加了，空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词number，average“平均的”为形容词，符合句意。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：根据巴比特团队的分析，旧的台式显示器和带有阴极射线管的盒式电视是最糟糕的设备，其能耗和温室气体排放量在1992年至2007年期间增加了一倍以上。空处应填名词与consumption并列，contribution“贡献”为名词，符合句意。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：该团队的数据仅持续到2007年，但研究人员还探讨了如果消费者将旧产品替换为具有多种功能的新电子产品，如用于文字处理和电视观看的平板电脑，会发生什么情况。空处为定语从句中的谓语动词，主语that指代先行词new electronics，为复数形式，谓语动词应用原形形式，serve“服务”为动词原形形式，符合句意。故选H。

11.浦东新区

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. incredibly
B. contract
C. approached
D. basis
E. essential
F. blankets
G. professionally
H. granted
I. strikes
J. mutual
K. breakthroughs
The Father of Cool
It is evening, near freezing. The city is practically empty. Fog ____31____ the Pittsburgh Railroad Station. A young engineer walks the platform, his brain occupied with a problem that has obsessed him for months. And then it ____32____ him—the Archimedean lightning bolt (闪电) of inspiration. The answer is literally all around him: It’s the fog itself!
The young man’s name is Willis Haviland Carrier. On that foggy night in 1902, he hit upon the theory that became the ____33____ for modern air-conditioning technology.
Carrier graduated from university as a mechanical engineer in June 1901. A month later, he began working for the Buffalo Forge Company, a firm that produced heating and exhaust systems ____34____. The summer of 1901 was ____35____ hot. A printing company became frustrated with varying humidity (湿度) levels when trying to print in color. The same paper had to be printed four times in four colors, and if the humidity changed between print runs, the paper would slightly expand or ____36____. Even a millimeter’s misalignment (错位) looked awful.
Early the following year, the printing company ____37____ Buffalo Forge, asking it to devise a system to control humidity in the air as well as the temperature. The firm turned to the 25-year-old Carrier.
By the early 1850s, two ____38____ in cooling had been achieved: a French engineer designed the first absorption refrigerator; and an American physician was ____39____ a patent for a machine to make ice. From then on, the challenge would lie in controlling humidity instead of lowering temperature.
Carrier’s partial solution involved circulating cold water and then balancing their temperature with the rate of air flow. It was at the Pittsburgh Railroad Station that the solution came to him. Few other inventors have had such an impact on modern life and yet remained so little-known. Air conditioning, in a sense, has become _____40_____. And for most of us, the simple ability to cool our homes amid the summer’s heat is more than enough reason to be grateful for Carrier’s fogbound moment of genius.
【答案】31. F 32. I 33. D 34. G 35. A 36. B 37. C 38. K 39. H 40. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要描写Willis Haviland Carrier在一个雾蒙蒙的夜晚偶然发现的理论成为现代空调技术的理论基础。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：雾笼罩着匹兹堡火车站。分析句子可知，空格处应填谓语动词第三人称单数形式，blanket作动词，意为“笼罩”符合句意。故选F。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：然后他突然想到了，阿基米德的灵感闪电。分析句子可知，空格处应填谓语动词第三人称单数形式，it strikes sb.意为“某人突然想起”符合句意。故选I。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：在1902年那个雾蒙蒙的夜晚，他偶然发现了一个理论，后来成为现代空调技术的基础。根据上文“that became the”以及后文“for modern air-conditioning technology”可知，此处应填名词作宾语，basis“基础”为名词，符合句意。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查副词。句意：一个月后，他开始为Buffalo Forge公司工作，这是一家专业生产供暖和排气系统的公司。分析句子可知，空格处应为句子的修饰成分，副词professionally，意为“专业地”，修饰动词produced，作状语，符合句意。故选G。
【35题详解】
考查副词。句意：1901年的夏天异常炎热。分析句子可知，空格处应为句子的修饰成分，副词incredibly，意为“极其”，修饰形容词hot，作状语，符合句意。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：同一张纸必须用四种颜色打印四次，如果两次打印之间湿度发生变化，纸张会略微膨胀或收缩。根据上文“would slightly expand or”可知，空格处应填动词和expand并列， contract “收缩”为动词，符合句意。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：第二年年初，这家印刷公司与Buffalo Forge公司接洽，要求其设计一套系统来控制空气中的湿度和温度。根据上文“Early the following year”可知，句子使用一般过去时，空格处应填谓语动词过去式，approached“接洽”，符合句意。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：到19世纪50年代初，制冷方面取得了两项突破：一位法国工程师设计了第一台吸收式冰箱；一位美国医生获得了制冰机的专利。根据上文“two”以及后文“in cooling had been achieved”可知，空格处应填复数名词作主语， breakthrough“突破”为名词，符合句意。故选K。
【39题详解】
考查语态。句意同上。根据上文“an American physician was”以及后文“a patent for a machine to make ice”可知，空格处应填动词的过去分词构成被动语态，grant“授予”为动词，符合句意。故选H。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：从某种意义上说，空调已经变得必不可少。分析句子可知，空格处为表语，可填形容词，essential “必不可少的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E。

12.青浦区

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. nutritional B. objected C. sustainable D. comparison E. motivational F. projected
G. necessarily H. popularity I. unsweetened J. previously K. source
Plant-based Milk
There are nutritional differences between types of milk, from oat to soy to cow’s. Plant-based milks have been growing in ____31____ for years, but the nutritional content of different milks and milk alternatives vary, with disagreements between brands too. The global dairy alternatives market is ____32____ to grow from $22.25 billion in 2021 to $53.97 billion in 2028, according to a report by Fortune Business Insights. In February 2022, the world’s first potato milk launched in the UK, which bills itself as “the most ____33____ plant-based dairy alternative on the market.”
While some people choose dairy alternatives, cow’s milk is an excellent ____34____ of calcium, protein, and vitamin D. It’s also working better than water when people feel thirsty, according to a small study by St Andrews University in Scotland. However, some people stay away from dairy because of intolerance of the mouthfeel or environmental concerns, and for some, the ____35____ factor is health. Nutritional reports of milks vary, with some offering more fiber, fat, protein, carbs, sugar, and calories than others.
Dietitians recommend choosing fortified plant-based milks. Plant-based milks are not ____36____ “healthier” than dairy, and when following a plant-based diet, dietitians recommend ensuring your dairy-free milk alternatives are fortified with essential vitamins and minerals. “Fortified means that they are added by the manufacturer and so will be on the ingredients list, or advertised on the front,” dietitian Nichola Ludlam-Raine ____37____ told Insider.
“Choose milk alternatives that are fortified with vitamins such as vitamin B12 and vitamin D, in addition to the minerals calcium and iodine,” she said. The ____38____ content of milk varies in terms of protein, carbs, and fiber. Cow’s milk, for example, contains lots of calcium and vitamin D, as well as protein. Soy milk is often fortified with calcium, and is also high in protein. For the purpose of this ____39____, Insider selected popular brands of each milk, selecting ____40____ options wherever possible, per cup. Here’s some nutritional information on our website to bear in mind when choosing which milk to have in your coffee, on your cereal, or alongside a cookie.
【答案】31. H 32. F 33. C 34. K 35. E 36. G 37. J 38. A 39. D 40. I
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了植物性乳制品是可以替代牛奶的。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：植物性牛奶多年来越来越受欢迎，但不同牛奶和牛奶替代品的营养成分不同，品牌之间也存在分歧。分析可知，空前是介词，所以空处应填名词，根据后文“The global dairy alternatives market is 　2　to grow from $22.25 billion in 2021 to $53.97 billion in 2028”可知，牛奶市场越来越大，所以空处应选popularity意为“受欢迎”，符合句意。故选H项。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：根据《财富》商业观察的一份报告，全球乳制品替代品市场预计将从2021年的222.5亿美元增长到2028年的539.7亿美元。根据后文中“to $53.97 billion in 2028”，可推测，现在还未到2028年，所以应该是表预测，所以应填project意为“预测”，又本句主语是market与project之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，空前已有be动词is，空处用project的过去分词。故选F项
【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：2022年2月，世界上第一款土豆牛奶在英国推出，它标榜自己是“市场上最可持续的植物性乳制品替代品”。根据空前的the most可知空处应填形容词，表示“最......的”，此处分析选项，可知应在A，C，E，I中选，带入句子中，可知sustainable意为“可持续的”符合句意。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：虽然有些人会选择乳制品的替代品，但牛奶是钙、蛋白质和维生素D的极佳来源。根据空前是excellent为形容词，所以空处应填名词，再根据空后“of calcium, protein, and vitamin D”可知，应选source意为“来源”，符合句意。故选K项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，有些人不吃乳制品是因为对口感的不耐受或对环境的担忧，对另一些人来说，健康是激励因素。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词the，空后是名词factor，所以空处应填形容词，根据后文“factor is health.”可推知，此处应填motivational意为“激励的”，激励因素是健康，符合句意。故选E项。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：植物性牛奶不一定比乳制品“更健康”，在遵循植物性饮食时，营养师建议确保不含乳制品的牛奶替代品含有必要的维生素和矿物质。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的healthier，应用副词，根据后文“when following a plant-based diet, dietitians recommend ensuring your dairy-free milk alternatives are fortified with essential vitamins and minerals”可知本句表达意思为植物性牛奶不一定比乳制品“更健康”，所以应选 necessarily意为“必然地”，符合句意。故选G项。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：营养学家尼古拉·拉德拉姆-雷恩此前告诉Insider:“强化意味着制造商添加了它们，所以它们会出现在配料表上，或在食品包装上。”分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的动词，应用副词，用排除法，分析句子选项可知G，J为副词，带入句子中可知，previously意为“先前”符合句意，表示此前告诉之意。故选J项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：牛奶的营养成分在蛋白质、碳水化合物和纤维方面各不相同。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词the，空后是名词content，所以空处应填形容词，再根据后文“in terms of protein, carbs, and fiber”，此处说的是牛奶的营养，所以应先nutritional “营养的”，符合句意。故选A项。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：为了进行比较，Insider选择了每种牛奶的流行品牌，每杯牛奶尽可能选择不加糖的。根据空前是指示代词，所以空处应填名词，在根据前文“contains lots of calcium and vitamin D, as well as protein. Soy milk is often fortified with calcium, and is also high in protein.”可知，这里是作比较，所以选comparison意为“比较”，符合句意。故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：为了进行比较，Insider选择了每种牛奶的流行品牌，每杯牛奶尽可能选择不加糖的。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词options，所以空处应填形容词修饰，根据后文“Here’s some nutritional information on our website to bear in mind when choosing which milk to have in your coffee, on your cereal, or alongside a cookie.”可推知，营养信息是为了健康，所以应是选择不加糖的牛奶，所以应选unsweetened意为“未加糖的”，符合句意。故选I项。

13.松江区

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. species
B. informed
C. awareness
D. indicate
E. additional
F. figures
G. advanced
H. sticking
I. state
J. reliance
K. based

Sensors for Houseplants
Over the past two years Jasmin Moeller, a 38-year-old in Germany, has been buying more houseplants, making her feel more comfortable.
Actually, the fact that people have spent much more time ___31___ at home has started a trend to bring more nature inside. In the UK, the latest ___32___ show that 2021 houseplant sales were 29% higher than in 2020. It is a similar picture in other countries, with sales of houseplants in the US rising by 18% last year, for instance.
Yet it is one thing to buy a houseplant and quite another to successfully look after it. Luckily, some ___33___ sensors for indoor plants may help those without professional skills in gardening. These devices, usually solar powered and connected wirelessly to a user’s smartphone, should be inserted into the soil next to the plants. Then, they show in real time the ___34___ of the plants.
A sensor made by German firm Greensens has approximately 5000 plant ___35___ on its app database. Like a traffic light system, the app uses red, yellow and green faces to ___36___ how plants are doing. For example, red reveals that the plant is dying, while green means it’s in perfect condition. Besides, users are regularly ___37___ of what they should do with plants.
Another app released by German business Fyta tells users how their plants are by analyzing the uploaded pictures of the plants. It also includes ___38___ content other apps rarely offer, such as cultural history of some plants, so users can learn more about their plants.
However, Botanist Silver Spence is worried that ___39___ on these sensors may affect users’ gardening skills negatively. And David Anglov recommends that amateurs try their best to establish their own ____40____ of what a plant needs in various situations through careful observation.
Back in Germany, Ms Moeller says she is sure that the sensors are helping her improve gardening skills.
【答案】31. H 32. F 33. G 34. I 35. A 36. D 37. B 38. E 39. J 40. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在英国，最新数据显示，2021年室内植物销售额比2020年高出29%。 其他国家也有类似的情况，例如，去年美国室内植物的销量增长了18%。幸运的是，一些室内植物的先进传感器可以帮助那些没有专业园艺技能的人。这些设备通常由太阳能供电，并与用户的智能手机无线连接，应该插入植物旁边的土壤中。然后，它们会实时显示植物的状态。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：事实上，人们待在家里的时间越来越多，这已经开始形成一种趋势，把更多的大自然带进室内。结合后文“at home”以及句意表示“待在家”应用stick at home，上文为短语spend time doing sth.。故填sticking。故选H。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：在英国，最新数据显示，2021年室内植物销售额比2020年高出29%。根据后文“show that 2021 houseplant sales were 29% higher than in 2020”以及句意“数据”可知应填复数名词figures。故填figures。故选F。
【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：幸运的是，一些室内植物的先进传感器可以帮助那些没有专业园艺技能的人。根据后文“sensors for indoor plants may help those without professional skills in gardening”以及句意“先进的”可知应填形容词advanced，作定语。故填advanced。故选G。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：然后，它们会实时显示植物的状态。根据后文“of the plants”以及句意“状态”可知应填名词state，故填state。故选I。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：德国Greensens公司制造的传感器的应用程序数据库中有大约5000种植物。根据上文“approximately 5000 plant”以及句意可知应填名词species，作宾语。故填species。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：就像交通灯系统一样，该应用程序使用红色、黄色和绿色的面孔来显示植物的状况。例如，红色表明植物正在死亡，而绿色意味着它处于完美状态。根据后文“how plants are doing”以及句意“显示”可知应填动词indicate，此处为不定式。故填indicate。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：此外，用户还经常被告知他们应该如何处理植物。根据后文“of what they should do with plants”以及句意“告知”可知应填动词inform，此处为一般现在时的被动语态。故填informed。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：它还包括其他应用程序很少提供的额外内容，比如一些植物的文化历史，这样用户就可以更多地了解他们的植物。根据后文“content other apps rarely offer”以及句意“额外”可知应填形容词additional，作定语。故填additional。故选E。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，植物学家Silver Spence担心，依赖这些传感器可能会对用户的园艺技能产生负面影响。根据后文“on these sensors may affect users’ gardening skills negatively”以及句意“依赖”可知应填名词reliance，作主语。故填reliance。故选J。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：大卫·安格洛夫建议业余爱好者通过仔细观察，尽最大努力建立自己的意识，了解植物在各种情况下需要什么。根据后文“of what a plant needs”以及句意“意识”可知应填名词，作宾语，不可数。故填awareness。故选C。

14.徐汇区

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. principles
B. obliges
C. varies
D. characterized
E. collectively
F. defines
G. proportion
H. completion
I. normally
J. delivers
K. systematic
Education
Education includes both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency. It thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral & aesthetic development.
Formal education consists of ____31____ instruction, teaching and training by professional teachers. This consists of the application of teaching approaches and the development of curricula.
The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights ____32____ all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations' International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13.
Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often for children and the young. A curriculum ____33____ what students should know, understand and be able to do as the result of education. A teaching profession ____34____ teaching which enables learning, and a system of policies, regulations, examinations, structures and funding which enables teachers to teach to the best of their abilities. Sometimes educational systems can be used to promote ____35____ or ideals as well as knowledge, which is known as social engineering.
Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or seven years of schooling starting at the age of 5 or 6, although this ____36____ between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this ____37____ is rising.
In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is ____38____ by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, "post-secondary", or "higher" education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.
Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the ____39____ of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is _____40_____ taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.
【答案】31. K 32. B 33. F 34. J 35. A 36. C 37. G 38. D 39. H 40. I
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了教育既包括知识的教与学，也包括品行和技术能力。因此，它注重技能、行业或职业的培养，以及心理、道德和审美的发展。正规教育包括系统的指导、教学和专业教师的培训。这包括教学方法的应用和课程的开发。
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：正规教育包括系统的指导、教学和专业教师的培训。分析句子可知，空后instruction为名词，此处应为形容词修饰名词，systematic“系统的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K项。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：自1952年以来，《欧洲人权公约第一项议定书》第2条要求所有签署国保证受教育权。分析句子可知，空格处为动词形式，为do sb./sth. to guarantee sth，obliges“迫使，要求”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词。句意：课程定义了学生应该知道，理解和能够做什么作为教育的结果。分析句子可知，此处为what引导的宾语从句，空格处应为动词形式。defines“定义”为动词，符合句意。故选F项。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：教师专业提供的是既能教又能学的教学，而其政策、法规、考试、结构和经费体系则能使教师发挥最大的能力进行教学。分析句子可知，空后teaching名词，是定语从句的先行词，在从句中作主语，故空格处为动词形式。delivers“提供”为动词，符合句意。故选J项。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：有时，教育系统可以用来促进原则或理想以及知识，这被称为社会工程。由promote为动词以及or连接的名词ideals可知，空格处为名词形式。principles“原则”为名词，符合句意。故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一般来说，小学教育包括从5岁或6岁开始的6至7年的教育，尽管这在不同国家之间有所不同，有时在国家内部也有所不同。分析句子可知，空前this为指示代词以及空后between为副词，此处为应为动词形式，varies“不同，改变”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：在全球范围内，约70%的小学适龄儿童接受了初等教育，这一比例还在上升。分析句子可知，空后is rising为系表结构，空格处应为名词形式，proportion“比例”为名词，符合句意。故选G项。
【38题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：它的特点是从典型的未成年人的义务、全面的初级教育过渡到成人的可选、选择性的高等教育、“大专”或“高等”教育(如大学、职业学校)。分析句子可知，空格处为过去分词形式，为It is done by“被……所”,characterized by“以……为特征”，符合句意。故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：高等教育，也被称为大专、第三阶段或中等后教育，是在提供中等教育的学校完成后的非义务教育水平，如高中或中等学校。分析句子可知，空前为定冠词the，空格处应为名词形式，completion“完成，结束”为名词，符合句意。故选H项。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：高等教育通常包括本科和研究生教育，以及职业教育和培训。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词修饰动词词组be taken to“被采取”，normally“通常，正常地”为副词，符合句意。故选I项。

15.杨浦区

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. artificial B. reflect C. remains D. accidentally E. overtaken F. recover
G. disappearance H. functionally I. scheme J. adaptations K. preserved
A Mammoth Project
A US company called Colossal has raised 11 million dollars to bring mammoths (猛犸象) back from extinction. Mammoths died out about 3,700 years ago but their bodies are sometimes ____31____ in ice. This allows scientists to ____32____ their DNA, which could hold the key to bringing mammoths back to life.
A team of scientists at Colossal plan to use information from mammoth ____33____ to edit the DNA of Asian elephants — their closest living relatives. The team will focus on DNA that is linked to bushy hair and other ____34____ for cold weather. These were what helped mammoths survive on the Arctic steppe — ancient chilly grasslands. By adding this DNA to egg cells from Asian elephants, they hope to create an elephant-mammoth mix, which could develop into a baby either inside a living Indian elephant or in a(n) ____35____ organ.
Colossal hopes that the first set of calves could be born this way in six years. “We want something that is ____36____ equivalent to the mammoth, that will enjoy its time at - 40°C and do all the things that elephants and mammoths do, in particular knocking down trees,” said Church, the founder of Colossal. It’s hoped that the destructive habits of the hybrids (杂交种) could help restore areas of Arctic steppe that have been ____37____ by trees since mammoths became extinct. That can help keep the world cooler.
Arctic grasslands ____38____ more heat from the Sun than forests and can absorb more of the gases released by human activity. However, not everyone agrees with the ____39____. Professor Adrian says the extinction of mammoths had little to do with the _____40_____ of steppe grasslands. He points out that it would take thousands of mammoths to have an effect on the environment.
【答案】31. K 32. F 33. C 34. J 35. A 36. H 37. E 38. B 39. I 40. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个关于让猛犸象起死回生的项目的情况。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：猛犸象大约在3700年前灭绝，但它们的尸体有时被保存在冰中。根据上文“their bodies are sometimes”以及句意“保存”可知，应用动词preserve，且为一般现在时的被动语态。故填preserved。故选K。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：这使得科学家们能够恢复它们的DNA，这可能是让猛犸象起死回生的关键。根据后文“which could hold the key to bringing mammoths back to life”以及句意“恢复”可知，应填动词recover，且上文为短语allow sb. to do sth.。故填recover。故选F。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：“巨象”的一组科学家计划利用来自猛犸象遗骸的信息来编辑亚洲象的DNA，亚洲象是它们现存的近亲。根据后文“to edit the DNA of Asian elephants — their closest living relatives”以及句意“遗骸”可知，应填名词remains。故填remains。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：该团队将重点研究与浓密头发和其他适应寒冷天气的能力有关的DNA。根据后文“for cold weather”以及句意“适应能力”可知，应填名词adaptations，故填adaptations。故选J。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：通过将这种DNA添加到亚洲象的卵细胞中，他们希望创造出大象和猛犸象的混合体，它可以在活的印度象体内或人工器官中发育成一个婴儿。修饰后文名词organ，应用形容词artificial，作定语，表示“人工的”，故填artificial。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：“我们想要一种功能上与猛犸象相当的东西，它能在- 40°C的环境中享受生活，能做大象和猛犸象能做的所有事情，尤其是推倒树木，”“巨人”的创始人丘奇说。根据后文“equivalent to the mammoth”以及句意“功能上”可知，应填副词functionally，作状语。故填functionally。故选H。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：人们希望这种杂交物种的破坏性习惯可以帮助恢复北极草原的一些地区，这些地区自从猛犸象灭绝以来就被树木所取代。根据后文“by trees”以及句意“取代”可知，应用动词overtake，此处为现在完成时的被动语态。故填overtaken。故选E。
【38题详解】
考查动词。句意：北极草原比森林反射更多来自太阳的热量，并能吸收更多人类活动释放的气体。根据后文“more heat from the Sun”以及句意“反射”可知应填动词reflect，故填reflect。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，并不是每个人都同意这个计划。根据句意表示“计划”可知，应填名词scheme，作宾语。故填scheme。故选I。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：阿德里安教授说，猛犸象的灭绝与草原的消失没有什么关系。根据上文“Professor Adrian says the extinction of mammoths had little to do with the”以及句意“消失”可知，应填名词disappearance，作宾语。故填disappearance。故选G。


16.长宁区
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. aggressiveness
B. crewed
C. dropped
D. hatred
E. indication
F. inevitably
G. previously
H. realistic
I. sponsored
J. stretched
K. stuck

A record-breaking caver
In 1988, Véronique Le Guen set a world record for the most time spent alone in an underground cave by a woman. For 111 days, Le Guen went without clocks or any information from the outside world and lived in a cold, damp cave 80 metres below ground at Valat-Negre in southern France. At this depth, not even the temperature of the cave—a constant, damp 9°C—could give her any ____11____ whether it was day or night, making it very difficult for her to know when to sleep.
Devices ____12____ to her skin on the head during the experiment revealed that Le Guen’s sense of time quickly failed. On one occasion she slept for 18 hours, but when she woke up, she thought that she had ____13____ off for only a couple of minutes. In the cave, she read around 80 books, took thousands of blood samples and developed a temporary ____14____ of the experiment’s leader, Michel Siffre. The man himself had ____15____ spent 205 days in a cave in Texas in 1972.
“I feel a wave of enormous ____16____ that dominates my spirits,” Le Guen wrote in her diary. “One after the other, I look at each of the instruments of my suffering. A crazy desire overcomes me to smash and destroy everything.”
The experiment was set up to see how humans tolerate, or not, states of extreme isolation and sensory deficiency. These are circumstances people will almost certainly face up to in any serious ____17____ exploration of the solar system. Travelling to Mars, for example, would take around seven months, so a round trip plus time spent on the planet could ____18____ involve about 18 months of extreme isolation. NASA was interested early on in the project and ____19____ Siffre’s Texas journey.
Siffre’s last major cave experiment ended in 2000, after he spent 75 days alone in the Clamouse cave in southern France. Nowadays, the International Space Station provides a more ____20____ test bed for the type of isolation future astronauts may have to compete with.
【答案】11. E 12. K 13. C 14. D 15. G 16. A 17. B 18. F 19. I 20. H
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了Véronique Le Guen创造了一项女性独自在地下洞穴中停留时间最长的世界纪录，该实验旨在观察人类如何忍受或不忍受极端孤立和感官缺陷的状态，对于航天探索具有积极意义。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：在这样的深度，即使是洞穴的温度——恒定的、潮湿的9℃——也无法告诉她是白天还是晚上，这让她很难知道什么时候睡觉。空处应填名词作宾语，结合“making it very difficult for her to know when to sleep”可知，此处指“无法给她任何提示”，indication指示，显示，故选E项。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：实验过程中，固定在Le Guen头部皮肤上的设备显示，她的时间感很快就消失了。结合句意及空后“to her skin on the head”可知，此处指“固定在他皮肤上的设备”，stuck卡住，过去分词作定语，修饰名词Devices，故选K项。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：有一次，她睡了18个小时，但当她醒来时，她以为自己只睡着了几分钟。根据句意及“she slept for 18 hours”可知，此处指她睡了18个小时，但她以为只睡了几分钟，drop off睡着，故选C项。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：在洞穴里，她阅读了大约80本书，采集了数千份血液样本，并对实验负责人Michel Siffre产生了暂时的仇恨。结合空前的不定冠词a可知，空处应填名词，结合句意可知，此处指“对实验负责人Michel Siffre产生了暂时的仇恨”，hatred仇恨，敌意，名词。故选D项。
【15题详解】
考查副词。句意：1972年，这名男子本人之前曾在德克萨斯州的一个洞穴中度过205天。结合句意及“in 1972”可知，此处指他本人之前在1972年曾在一个洞穴中度过205天，previously以前，先前。故选G项。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：“我感到一股巨大的攻击性浪潮支配着我的精神，” Le Guen在她的日记中写道。空处应填名词，结合下文“A crazy desire overcomes me to smash and destroy everything.(一种疯狂的欲望征服了我，想要粉碎和摧毁一切)”可知，此处指“巨大的攻击性浪潮”，aggressiveness攻击性。故选A项。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：在任何严肃的载人太阳系探索中，人们几乎肯定会面临这些情况。根据“people will almost certainly face up to”可知，此处指在载人太阳系探索中，人们会面临这些情况，crew当空乘人员，动词，此处用过去分词作定语，修饰名词exploration。故选B项。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：例如，飞到火星需要大约7个月的时间，所以一次往返加上在火星上的时间，可能不可避免地要经历18个月的极端隔离。空处修饰动词involve，应用副词，结合句意可知，inevitably不可避免地。故选F项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：NASA很早就对这个项目感兴趣，并赞助了Siffre的德州之旅。结合“NASA was interested early on in the project”可知，此处指NASA赞助了Siffre的德州之旅，sponsored赞助，动词的过去式。故选I项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如今，国际空间站为未来宇航员可能不得不与之竞争的隔离类型提供了一个更现实的测试平台。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词短语test bed，结合句意可知，realistic现实的，故选H项。