05-上海高考英语考纲核心词汇讲练集训day5

上海高考英语核心词汇讲与练 Day 五

一．“单句选词填空”专项训练

Exercise 13

1. It was reported that all the fights from Los Angeles to Boston have been ______ because of the hurricane.

2. You'll need to ______ how much time the assignment will take so as to make a proper arrangement three days ahead.

3. He is ______ of coping with various kinds of people, so he has easily been promoted to the position of sales manager.

4. Recently the police launched a ______ to ban drunken driving.

5. He participated in the local elections as a ______ before he met the present president.

6. Vincent Van Gogh took up his ______ as an art dealer and later became a famous artist.

7. Some illegal hunters ______ endangered animals and sold them to the local advanced restaurant at remarkably high price.

8. Dressed ______ in jeans and T-shirt, the new teacher is always recognized as a student.

9. You'd better take the notes down in ______ you should forget.

10. Chinese people like to have the birthday party according to the lunar ______ .

Keys: 1. Cancelled 2. Calculate 3. Capable 4. Campaign 5. Candidate

6. career  7. Captured 8. Casually 9. Case  10. Calendar

Exercise 14

I. The senior decided to take up a ______ and rewarding career after graduation.

2. I bet it will be a good idea if he is deprived of ______ privileges until he is ready to tell us the whole story.

3. The policy sets that the senior citizens who are above sixty can go to see the doctor in the local hospital free of ______.

4. The loss ______ by the European financial crisis can not be calculated, which has influenced our national currency.

5. The ______ weather at this time of the year in London drives a great numbers of sun-lovers who try to expose themselves to sunlight to Spain.

6. The officer ordered his soldiers to ______ fire as soon as he recognized the opponents.

7. Despite the dramatic expense, Jack and Jane intended to ______ their 25th  wedding anniversary in Florence.

8. She always takes it for granted that she is the most elegant and ______ lady.

9. The mayor was asked to cut the ribbon at the opening ______ of the Arts Festival.

10. This year's Art Festival is ______ by the diversity of programs, the good quality of every program and the effectiveness of organization.

Keys. 1. Challenging 2. Certain 3. Charge 4. Caused 5. Changeable

6. cease  7. Celebrate 8. Charming 9. Ceremony 10. Characterized

Exercise 15

1. It was very ______  of my teachers to help me overcome so much hardship in study.

2. The roof ______ before the man rushed into the house to save his baby.

3. There stands an ancient castle on the ______ above the peaceful and terrific sea in the painting.

4. As far as we know, the British set up so many ______ in the past few centuries that it was easy for them to rob other countries of their treasures in large quantities.

5. It is known to us that usually a dictionary contains two ______ per page, which contains a list of word entries.

6 The Coca - Cola bottle is one of the ______ designs of the last century.

7. If they do not start to learn how to make sensible decisions for themselves, they may take part in such risky behaviour that there will be ______ that will influence their whole lives.

8. The police think video tape may hold some vital ______ to the identity of the murderer.

9. We are all wondering that who was the first one that ______ Mount Everest in history.

10. What a ______ ! I was not expecting to meet my former classmate in one of the streets in Paris by chance!

Keys： 1. Considerate 2. Collapsed 3. Cliff  4. Colonies 5. Columns

6. classic  7. Consequences  8. Clues  9. Conquered 10. Coincidence

二．词性转换和翻译训练

一、语法填空。

1. The failure in business made him end up being a        (beg).

2. How time management can be          (benefit) to your corporation? 

3. My brother keeps          (bother) me. I can’t focus on my present job.

4. The kind and selfless action          (bright) the life of the unlucky people.

5. I tend to believe that love can certainly bring        the best in us, and true love brings about great happiness.

6. We should spare no effort to           (beautiful) our environment. 

7. All those          want to get more beautiful should balance between beauty and health.

8. However, I do not approve of this         (behave). Pay attention to it and change it before it is too late.

9. Your brightest future depends on your        (able) to pay attention to the present. 

10. There is some      (associate) between the status of women in each country and their ability to do mathematics. 

二、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。

1. Though they managed to start the car in the beginning, yet they got in trouble              (不久以后). 

2. The advances in technology is astonishing and              (难以置信).

3. The patient                       (对…有信心) his doctor’s ability and responsibility.

4. Parents do not own their children; they just                     (生) them. 

5. We accept any responsibility for the goods while              (在船上). 

三、根据括号的要求翻译句子。

1. 不但这本词典属于我，而且那些书也属于我的。(belong to)

2. 锻炼对身体有益，我们应该定期锻炼。(be of benefit to, on a regular basis)

3. 出了这个差错，既不是你也不是他该受到责备的。(be to blame for)

4. 这本书可以借多久？可以借给别人吗？(lend…to)

5. 她刚出版一本书，眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。(bring out)

【答案】

一、语法填空。

1. beggar  2. beneficial  3. bothering  4. brightens   5. out  6. beautify  7. who   8. behavior   9. ability  10. association

二、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。

1. before long  2. beyond belief  3. has/had belief in  4. give birth to  5. on board  

三、根据括号的要求翻译句子。

1. Not only this dictionary but also those books belong to me. 

2. Exercise is of benefit to the body. We should take exercise on a regular basis.

3. It was neither you nor he that is to blame for the mistake. 

4. How long can I keep this book? And can it be lent to other people?

5. Her eyes are bright with excitement that she has just brought out a book.

三．“词块理解翻译”专项训练

81. be burdened with too much homework___________________________________

82. be buried in today's newspaper___________________________________

83. burst into laughter/tears; burst out doing___________________________________

84. cable cars/cable TV in the cabin___________________________________

85. launch an anti animal-testing campaign___________________________________

86. the canteens on/off campus___________________________________

87. in no case/in this case/in case(of) ___________________________________

88. cast the net for a second time___________________________________

89. cease the Civil War/talking without cease___________________________________

90. get married/marriage certificate___________________________________

91. charge me $150 for that chair___________________________________

92. charge him with theft___________________________________

98. contact the man in charge___________________________________

94. charge a storage battery___________________________________

95. Chances are that... ___________________________________

96. take a chance on sth. ___________________________________

97. be injured by the club and the spade___________________________________

98. the best candidate for the corporation___________________________________

99. face the fierce competition and met the new challenge___________________

100. under no circumstance can we... ___________________________________

81.被太多作业压得喘不过气

82.埋头读今天的报纸

83.爆发出笑声/消然泪下；突然做某事

84.缆车/小屋里的有线电视

85.发起一项反动物试验的活动

86.校园食堂/校外餐厅

87.绝不/这种场合之下/万一

88.第二次撒网

89.停止内战/喋喋不休地说话

90.结婚/结婚证书

91.为那把椅子向我收费150美元

92.以偷盗罪指控他

93.联系负责人

94.为蓄电池充电

95.很有可能……

96.在……上冒险/投机

97.被大棒和铲子打伤

98.公司的最佳候选人

99.面对激烈的竞争以及全新的挑战

100.任何情况下我们都不能……

四．“篇章选词填空”专项训练

崇明中学高三2020学年第一学期期中考试试卷

Dear Admissions Committee,

I had the pleasure of teaching Sara in her 11th grade honors English class at Mark Twain High School. From the first day of class, Sara impressed me with her ability to clearly explain difficult ___11___ and texts, her sensitivity to the slight differences within literature, and her passion for reading, writing, and creative expression — both in and out of the classroom. Sara is a talented literary critic and poet, and she has my highest ___12___ as a student and writer. 

Sara is talented at considering the elegances within literature and the ___13___ behind authors' works. She produced an extraordinary year-long thesis paper on creative identity development, in which she compared works from three different time periods and synthesized cultural and historical ___14___ to inform her analysis. When called upon to give her thesis defense in front of her peers, Sara spoke clearly and___15___ about her conclusions and responded to questions in a thoughtful way. Outside of the classroom, Sara is devoted to her literary pursuits, especially to poetry. She publishes her poetry in our school's literary magazine, as well as in online magazines. She is an insightful, sensitive, and deeply self-aware individual driven to ___16___art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition.

Throughout the year Sara was an active participant in our discussions, and she always supported her peers. Her caring nature and personality allow her to work well with others in a team setting, as she always respects others' opinions even when they differ from her own. When we held a class debate about gun laws, Sara chose to speak for the side opposite her own views. She explained her choice as___17___ by a desire to put herself in other people's shoes, view the issues from a new perspective, and gain a clearer sense of the issue from all angles. Throughout the year, Sara ___18___ this openness to the opinions, feelings, and perspectives of others, along with sharp powers of observation, all ___19___ that make her outstanding as a student of literature and burgeoning writer.

I am certain that Sara is going to continue to do great and creative things in her future. I highly recommend her for admission to your undergraduate program. She is talented, caring, dedicated, and focused in her pursuits. Sara consistently seeks out ____20____ feedback so she can improve her writing skills, which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student. Sara is truly a stand-out individual who will impress everyone she meets. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions at callmeclemens@gmail.com.

Sincerely,

Ms. Scribe

English Teacher

Mark Twain High School

【答案】11. H    12. K   

13. F    14. A   

15. D    16. B.   

17. J    18. I   

19. C    20. G

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章是英语老师Scribe为自己的学生Sara写的大学推荐信。

【11题详解】

考查名词。句意：从上课的第一天起，Sara就给我留下了深刻的印象，她能清楚地解释晦涩的概念和课文，她对文学中细微差别的敏感，她对阅读、写作和创造性表达的热情——无论是在课堂上还是课堂外。分析选项及文章的内容可知，课文和概念是并列的东西，concepts符合题意。故选H。

【12题详解】

考查名词。句意：Sara是一位才华横溢的文学评论家和诗人，作为一名学生和作家，我非常推荐她。本句要用一个名词，分析句意可知，recommendation符合题意。故选K。

【13题详解】

考查名词。句意：Sara在思考文学的优雅和作者作品背后的目的方面很有天赋。根据句意可知，Sara擅长分析作者作品的意图，purpose符合题意。故选F。

【14题详解】

考查名词。句意：她写了一篇关于创造性身份发展的非凡论文，在论文中，她比较了三个不同时期的作品，并综合了文化和历史的视角来进行分析。根据本小题所在的句意可知，她比较了三个不同时期的作品，综合了文化和历史的角度来分析，perspectives符合题意，故选A。

【15题详解】

考查副词。句意：当被要求当着同学们的面进行论文答辩时，Sara清晰有力地说出了自己的结论，并对提问做出了深思熟虑的回答。分析句子…spoke clearly and   5  about her conclusion…. 可知，本空要用一个副词来修饰动词spoke，分析选项可知，powerfully与题意相符。故选D。

【16题详解】

考查动词。句意：她是一个富有洞察力、敏感和深刻自我意识的人，擅长探索艺术、写作和对人类状况的更深层次的理解。分析本空所在的位置可知，此处用一个动词，并能与art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition搭配，根据文章内容可知，explore符合题意。故选B。

【17题详解】

考查动词。句意：她解释说自己的选择是出于想换位思考，从一个新的角度看待问题，从各个角度对问题有更清晰的认识。据本空所在的位置…   7   by a desire to put herself可知，此处要用一个过去分词，分析选项可知，motivated符合题意。故选J。

【18题详解】

考查动词。句意：在这一年里，Sara对他人的意见、感情和观点表现出开放的态度，还有敏锐的观察力，所有这些品质使她成为一名杰出的文学学生和迅速发展的作家。根据句子Sara ___8___ this openness…可知，此处要用一个动词，分析选项可知，demonstrated符合题意。故选I。

【19题详解】

考查名词。句意同上。根据上文的内容“openness to the opinions, feelings, and perspectives of others, along with sharp powers of observation, ”可知，此处是具备的品质，qualities符合题意。故选C。

【20题详解】

考查形容词。句意：Sara一直在寻求有建设性的反馈，这样她就可以提高自己的写作能力，这是一个高中学生少有的、令人印象深刻的品质。根据下一句“which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student”可知，constructive符合题意。故选G。