2022年中考英语必备语法：定语从句（讲义及练习）（含答案）

这是一份2022年中考英语必备语法：定语从句（讲义及练习）（含答案），共24页。
定语从句 基础本分：一.概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；定语从句通常置于它修饰的名词或代词之后；被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或副词。例如：I like music.I can dance to.把上面的两个简单句合并成一个复合句：I like   music   that     I can dance to.      先行词  关系代词,替代music_________定语从句，修饰music I prefer movies  which   can cheer me up.     先行词  关系代词,替代movies___________              定语从句，修饰movies She likes musicians.The musicians can play different kinds of music.把上面的两个简单句合并成一个复合句：She likes musicians先行词who can play different kinds of music.关系代词,替代musicians________________      定语从句，修饰musiciansI will never forget that day.On that day we met for the first time.把上面的两个简单句合并成一个复合句：I will never forget that day              先行词      when  we met for the first time.关系副词________________________定语从句，修饰that day 二．关系代词that/which/who/whom/whose的用法1. 关系代词that既可指人，也可指物；在定语从句中作主语或宾语；作宾语时可省略。I like music that  I can dance to.        that作to宾语，可省略I prefer movies that can cheer me up.              that作定语从句的主语，不能省略The woman that you visited last week is a           作visited的宾语可省略famous writer.The man that is standing at the door is our       作主语，不能省略math teacher.关系代词which一般只能指物；在定语从句中作主语或宾语；作宾语时可省略。I like music which I can dance to.          可省略I prefer movies which can cheer me up.            不能省略关系代词who只指人，在定语从句作主语，在口语中可作宾语；作宾语时可省略。The woman who you visited last week is a           可省略famous writer.The man who  is standing at the door is our      作主语，不能省略math teacher.whom指代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。The woman (whom) you visited last week is a famous writer.There is nobody (whom) he can turn to for help. 没有谁可以让他寻求帮助。whose翻译为“某人的”或“某物的”，其后一定要接一个名词。The cat whose tail is white is very cute.尾巴是白色的那只猫非常可爱。The old man whose son has been dead is very sad.儿子过世了，那位老人非常伤心。At dusk, we got to the mountain,at whose foot we saw a big farm.黄昏时我们到达了那座山下。在山脚下我们看到了一座农场。 三当先行词是物时，关系代词只能使用that，不能使用which的特殊情况。当先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, little,much等不定代词时，关系代词使用that.It sounds like something (that) we both will enjoy.听起来像是我们俩都喜欢的东西。Everything (that) you learn becomes a part of you and changes you.你所学的一切都会成为你的一部分并且改变你。He told me nothing that was important.他没有告诉我重要的事情。当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时，关系代词用that。It was one of the most moving pieces of music that I’ve ever heard.This is the best film that I’ve ever seen.Good learners know the best way that they can study.This is the first movie that has won the prize.This is the first holiday that I’ve taken in a year.当先行词既有人又有物时，用that,不用which.We talked about the persons and things                 先行词 that we remembered.我们交谈了我们记得的人和事。先行词被all, any, every, each, little, few等词修饰时，使用that，不用which.All the books that were offered have been given out.先行词被the only/ the very修饰时,使用that作为关系代词,不用which。It’s the only thing that I want to do.This is the only movie that I like.It is the very job that I want.那正好是我需要的工作。句中已有who或 which，为了避免重复，选择关系代词that.Who is that man that is making a speech? 四.  关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。I like the people who have something in common with me.All the books that were offered have been given out.Mary is one of the students who have finished their homework.Mary is the only one of the students that has finished her homework. 定语从句基础练习一.  用适当的关系词填空1. There is something in the box ____________ is very important to you.2. This is the museum __________ they visited last month.3. He's the man _______ you met last time.4. Is this the library from ________ you always borrow books?5. They are your new classmates and desks _______ you will know and use.6. His father works in the factory _______ is the oldest one in the city.7. This is the old factory _____ his father works.8. I will never forget those days ____ we works together.9. I will remember those days _____ we spent together.10. Where is the woman _____ watch was stolen yesterday?二. 单项选择11. - Do you know the boy over there?- The one _______ is holding a ball? Oh, that's my neighbour, Phil.A. what    B. which    C. who    D. /12. Not all children _______ watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.A. whom     B. which    C. who    D. whose13. China is getting better at making hi-tech products ______ can be bought in all parts of the world.A. who    B. which     C. what    D. /14. The book _____ was written by him is very interesting.A. who    B. whom    C. which    D. /15. Do you know the man ____ spoke at the meeting just now?- No, I don't know.A. what   B. who    C. which    D. /16. - Do you like the weekly talk show Readers on CCTV?- Sure. It's a great TV program _____ can develop the habit of reading.A. who    B. that    C. what    D. whose 17. - Tomorrow is Father's Day. What's your surprise for your father?- The first thing _____ I will do is to make a card for him.A. who   B. which   C. that   D. whose18. This is the first birthday gift ____ I received. I've kept it for many years.A. which   B. that   Who   D. what19. - Do you know the boy ____ handwriting won the first in the competition?A. who    B. whose    C. whom     D. which20. On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech _____ President XI Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.A. who    B. whose    C. which    D. what21. I like teachers ______ classes are interesting and creative.A. which     B. who     C. whom    D. whose22. - The singer ____ comes from USA is called Bob.- I know. The most popular song ____ was sung by him was on the CCTV show last night.A. who; which    B. who; that     C. that; which   D. whom; that23. - Have you got ready for the soccer game?- Yes, I have done everything ____ I can to win the game.A. who   B. that   C. which   D. whom The key：that      2.that/which 或省略3.that/who/whom 或省略4.which        5.that或省6.which/that    7.where8.when        9.that/which/省略10.whose      C     12.C     13.B      14.C     B     16.B     17.C      18.B     B      20.C     21.D      22.B     B定语从句能力提升部分一.  关系副词when/where/why的用法。关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语I still remember those days when we worked together.分析：关系副词when相当于 on those days, 作we worked together的时间状语.April Fool’s Day is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other.分析：关系副词when相当于on that day，在定语从句中作时间状语.There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语。This is the factory where my father worked last year.分析：where相当于 in the factory,作my father worked的地点状语。She opened a small shop where she sells her bags.分析：where相当于 in the shopFor many years, historians believed Stonehenge was a temple where ancient leaders tried to communicated with the gods.分析：where相当于 in the temple关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语Mike didn’t tell the teacher the reason why he was late. 二.  名词/代词/数词+ of which/whom,此句型中不能使用that和whoI don’t like the clock, the hands of which are too thin.            =whose handsThere are 45 students in our class, most of whom are boys.China has a large population, two thirds of whom are peasants.用于此结构的代词有：most/some/one/all/several/much/many/a few/a little/few/little/more/neither/both/half等。 三.  介词后的关系代词只能用which(指物）和whom(指人）。The man to whom you just talked is my father.Is this the library from which you always borrow books?有时候介词+关系代词相当于一个关系副词：I still remember those days on which we worked together.            =whenThis is the factory in which my father worked last year.        =whereMike didn’t tell the teacher the reason for which he was late.=why 四.  当先行词与关系代词或关系副词用逗号分开时，称为非限定性定语从句；先行词不与关系词分开，称为限定性定语从句。Her mother, whom she loved dearly, passed away two years ago.Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith, who was born in 1861.The book, which was bought by my mother, is my favorite.注意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词that和关系副词why，其余都可使用。五.  which的特殊用法      在非限定性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，不能用that.He has an expensive computer, which is a present from his uncle.      介词后的关系代词只能用which指代物，不能用that.This is the farm on which my father works.That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness.      which可指代前面整个主句的内容，放在主句后；as也指代整个主句的内容，译为“正如，像，可放在主句后或主句前。He won the game, which we had not expected.As we had expected, he won the game.=He won the game, as we had expected. 六.  the way 作先行词，关系代词可用that，或者in which, 或者省略关系词。如：Can you tell me the way that/which you use to solve the problem?分析：定语从句中缺少主语，宾语或表语时，就用that/which. 如果定语从句中缺少状语，就用in which 或者that引导。还可省略引导词。Quite a few students don’t know the best way in which/ that they can study English well.                  定语从句提升练习 1. Children who are not active or _____ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A. what   B. whose    C. which     D. that2. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ____  I met in the English speech contest last year.A. who    B where    C. when     D. which3. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _____ she would stay for an hour.A. where     B. who     C. which      D. what4. I refuse to accept the blame for something _____ was someone else's fault.A. who     B. that     C. as     D. which5. She brought with her three friends, none of ______ I had ever met before.A. them     B. who      C. whom      D. these6. When people talk about the scenic spots in Anhui, the first _____ comes into their minds is the Yellow Mountain.A. which    B. that     C. one     D. place7. This is the biggest lab _____ we have ever built in our university.A. which     B. what    C. that    D. where8. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _______ we may return in the near future.A. on which     B. by which      C. to which       D. from which9. He came from Russian, ____ I detected from his strong Russian accent.A. that     B. whom    C. as     D. where10. Gun control is a subject ______ Americans have argued for a long time.A. of which   B. with which   C. into which    D. about which11. The man pulled out a gold watch, ________ were made of small diamonds.A. the hands of whom  B. whom the hands of   C. which the hands of  D. the hands of which12. As a child, jack studied in a village school, _____ is named after his grandfather.A. which      B. where     C. what     D. that13. I took some time off to go travelling, _____ turned out to be a wise decision.A. that    B. which      C. when      D. where14. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A. if    B. when    C. which       D. that  15. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, ______ wanted to buy it.A. none of them     B. both of them     C. none of whom    D. neither of whom16. My friend showed me around the town, _____ was very kind of him.A. which    B. that     C. where     D. it 17.It is said that many people are worried about the year 2030, _____ they think the earth will be destroyed by disasters.A. when     B. where    C. as     D. which18. They have won their last three matches, _____ I find a bit surprisingly actually.A. that    B. when    C. what    D. which19. Ann talked about the people and things _____  moved her greatly during her stay there,A. that    B. who     C. which    D. whom20. Why not try another way _____ you may do your experiment better and more quickly?A. by which    B. that    C. which     D. in that 21. John told his parents about the cities and the people ______ he had visited.A. who    B. which    C. where    D. that22. The moon travels round the earth once every month, _____ is known to everybody.A. it    B. as     C. that      D. what23. We must believe in ourselves, ____, in my opinion, is the most important in our life.A. where     B. what    C. that   D. which24. Yesterday we went to visit the farm _______ my father used to work for nearly ten years.A. in which     B. that      C. where     D. which25. They are in a difficult situation _______ all efforts seem useless.A. that     B. which    C. where    D. as26. Anything _____ could be found has been used to repair the damaged bridge.A. which     B. that     C. what     D. /27. There was_____ time ______ I hated to go to school.A. a; which    B. a; when   C. the; that     D. the; when28. Her work changed the way ______ people think about chimps.A. that    B. in which     C. /     D. all of above29. He got the first prize in the English talent show, _____ made us very  proud.A. which    B. that    C. it    D. this  30. - How do you find the film?          - It is the best film _______.A. that I had seen  B. which I have ever seen  C. which I saw  D. that I have ever seen31. The Science Museum, ___ we visited during a recent trip to Britain , is one of London's tourist attractions.A. what    B. which     C. that     D. where32. _____ is announced in today's paper, they have succeeded in solving many problems according to the new theory.A. It   B. That     C. What     D. As 33. There are more than 50 students in each class, ___ are girls. A. half of them  B. half of which   C. half of whom    D. and half of whom34. The building ______ windows are bright at night is our school library.A. that    B. which    C. whose    D. of which 35. Peter lives in a big house _______ window faces south.A. which    B. whose    C. that    D. where36. Is this the museum ______ the exhibition was held?A. where    B. that    C. on which   D. the one37. - Who knows where Terry is?- The reason _____ Terry is absent is _____ his father has an accident.A. why; because    B. why; that    C. that; because   D. that; /38. There are two small rooms in this house, ______ serves as a kitchen.A. the smaller of which  B. the smaller of them   C. the small one   D. the small of which39. _____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A.  Which   B. When    C. What    D. As  The key:B     2.A     3.A      4.B5.C     6.B      7.C     8.C9.C     10.D     11.D    12.A13.B    14.B     15.D    16.A17.A    18.D     19.A    20.B21.D    22.B     23.D    24.C25.C    26.B     27.B     29.A30.D    31.B     32.D     33.C34.C    35.B     36.A     37.B38.A    39.D