高考英语一轮复习课后达标 unit 19 language含答案

这是一份高考英语一轮复习课后达标 unit 19 language含答案，共13页。
  课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形 阅读理解A(2020·太原模拟)Gabriella’s family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟谙两种语言的人), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, Spanish at home. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of functions. Critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from “Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，双语学习能使大脑更加聪明、更加健康、更活跃；学习外语永远不迟。1．Why is Gabriella’s family used as the example in Paragraph 1?A．To show that the family are bilinguals.B．To explain the advantages of bilinguals.C．To illustrate the three types of bilinguals.D．To prove all ages can learn foreign languages.C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Gabriella家中有三种不同的双语学习类型的人，据此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭为例是为了说明三种不同双语学习类型的人，故C项正确。2．Why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?A．Because they learn languages with a set of concepts.B．Because they use both hemispheres to learn languages.C．Because their mother tongue doesn’t influence them much.D．Because they can easily translate one language into another.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，儿童学习语言更容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们在语言学习中使用两个大脑半球，而在大多数成年人中，学习语言依赖于一个大脑半球，通常是左半球，故B项正确。3．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “handicap” in Paragraph 3?A．Disease.　　　　　　　　　 B．Disability.C．Disadvantage.   D．Illness.C　解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”尤其是该句中的“slowed”和“forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并结合语境可推知，画线词与C项“不利因素，障碍”意思相近，故C项正确。4．What can we infer from the text?A．The left brain is more important for language learning.B．Learning languages can promote the brain development.C．The proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.D．Immigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句中的“But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，最近的一项研究确实表明，双语可能会让你更聪明。它确实会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃；据此可推知，学习语言会促进大脑的发展，故B项正确。B(2020·郑州高三第二次质量预测)Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.“I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin，” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese­speaking friends. While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power，” he said.Many experts agree that proficiency(熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.“People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast，” said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “We’re seeing it in all parts of the country.”Abbott predicts that as many as 100，000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an “important need” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. “Our government wants to increase our language ability for economic competitiveness，” Abbott added.At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas at Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了普通话在美国学生中日益流行。5．Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin?A．Mandarin was easier to learn than Latin.B．Mandarin could be helpful to his future career.C．Mandarin might help him learn more about China.D．Mandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.”可知，Thomas Cheatham认为学习普通话对他的未来职业有帮助，所以才决定学习普通话。6．The underlined word “edge” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．A．a slight advantage   B．the outside limitC．a sharp tone of voice   D．an exciting qualityA　解析：词义猜测题。根据语境尤其是第三段最后一句中的“Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power”和第四段第一句中的“a language spoken by a billion people”可知，随着中国的发展，学习普通话大有裨益，由此可推知，学习普通话让美国学生在全球经济中有一定的优势，这与文章第五段的内容呼应。故画线词意为“优势”，与A项含义相近。7．Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with?A．Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.B．Those skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future.C．The US government’s policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.D．Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their economic security.C　解析：推理判断题。根据语境尤其是对第六段的整体理解可推知，在Marty Abbott看来，美国政府的政策有助于普通话在美国的推广。8．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?A．The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.B．The great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.C．The influence of China’s growing power on American education.D．The effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US.A　解析：主旨大意题。根据对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是普通话在美国学生中日益流行的现象，这与最后一段的进一步论述呼应。故选A。 完形填空(2020·信阳高三调研)In a clean, clinical room, my best friend was dying in my arms. His eyes, dark brown and trusting, would soon __1__ forever. Heartbroken, I said, “Flash, you __2__ so much happiness to me. I will do something good as a __3__．”Flash came into my __4__ when I was nine. From the moment my parents brought this cute dog home, he __5__ my family with joy.Then, __6__ happened. My mum was diagnosed with breast cancer when I was 11. Then my grandma, who was my __7__， passed away. My sister developed Crohn’s disease and while being tested, __8__ a heart attack. I was being bullied at school and started to __9__ classes and avoid seeing people.Flash soon gave me all the __10__ he could offer. There were times when I felt there was no __11__， but a pair of brown eyes and loving face would somehow ease me. I knew he was __12__ there for me. I knew he understood.Now after 15 years, Flash was __13__. I thought doing charity work was the best reward for him. I __14__ in a non­profit organization in Southampton and contributed about 3，500 hours to __15__ children with special needs, which completely changed my life. I learned to love the __16__ I had been on, and even accept the __17__ bits.I still miss Flash. It was him that had somehow __18__ me to help others. Flash’s death was one of the __19__ moments of my life. But it was also an inspiring moment that __20__ who I was—in the best possible way—forever.【解题导语】　陪伴“我”多年的狗去世了，“我”悲痛欲绝，因为它曾经在“我”人生最艰难的时期陪伴“我”；狗离开“我”之后，“我”开始思考如何回报它的陪伴；于是，“我”加入了志愿者服务行列。1．A.open   B．closeC．shine   D．fadeB　解析：根据本段第一句中的“my best friend was dying”可知，狗就要去世了，它的眼睛即将永远闭上。故选B。2．A.brought   B．toldC．saved   D．owedA　解析：根据第二段的内容可知，“我”九岁时，Flash走进“我”的生活，陪伴“我”；由此可知，此处表示它曾经给“我”带来了那么多的快乐。故选A。3．A.relief   B．chanceC．bonus   D．rewardD　解析：根据第五段中的“I thought doing charity work was the best reward for him.”可知，为了报答Flash的陪伴，“我”将尽自己的能力做一些事情回报它。故选D。4．A.mind   B．roomC．world   D．powerC　解析：根据下文中的“my parents brought this cute dog home”可知，在“我”九岁时，Flash进入“我”的世界。故选C。5．A.helped   B．filledC．protected   D．decoratedB　解析：根据语境可知，Flash让“我”的家充满欢乐。故选B。6．A.disasters   B．storiesC．wonders   D．mistakesA　解析：根据下文可知，母亲患了癌症，祖母去世了，妹妹也生病了，并且“我”在学校受到同学的欺负。由此可知，“我”的家庭经历了一系列不幸的事情，故选A。7．A.burden   B．troubleC．strength   D．challengeC　解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，祖母当时是“我”的力量源泉。故选C。8．A.caused   B．noticedC．fought   D．sufferedD　解析：根据该句中的“while being tested”和“a heart attack”可推知，妹妹当时在检查的过程中，遭受了心脏病的折磨。故选D。9．A.skip   B．giveC．take   D．enjoyA　解析：根据该句中的“being bullied at school”和“avoid seeing people”可知，“我”当时在学校受到欺负，并且开始避开人群。由此可推知，“我”当时开始逃课。故选A。10．A.comment   B．comfortC．expectation   D．relaxationB　解析：根据该段中的“ease me”和“I knew he understood.”可知，Flash给了“我”极大的安慰。故选B。11．A.hope   B．timeC．money   D．useA　解析：根据第三段的内容可知，“我”曾经遇到了一系列的不幸，“我”时常感到生活没有了希望，但是Flash棕色的眼睛、可爱的脸庞总是能让“我”感到宽慰。故选A。12．A.frequently   B．sometimesC．hardly   D．alwaysD　解析：根据上文可知，Flash总是能够在“我”最困难的时候，一直陪伴“我”。故选D。13．A.aging   B．goneC．missing   D．desertedB　解析：根据本文第一句并结合该句可知，现在，15年后，Flash去世了。故选B。14．A.searched   B．competedC．volunteered   D．performedC　解析：根据下文中的“a non­profit organization”和“contributed about 3，500 hours”可知，“我”自愿在一家非营利机构工作。故选C。15．A.attending to   B．meeting withC．talking about   D．bringing upA　解析：根据下文中的“children with special needs”可知，“我”贡献了大约3 500个小时来照看有特殊需要的孩子。故选A。A项意为“照料”。16．A.earth   B．journeyC．holiday   D．streetB　解析：根据上文中的“which completely changed my life”可知，通过志愿者服务，“我”的生活完全变了，“我”开始喜欢自己过去所经历的旅程，甚至接受了最难接受的那些事情。故选B。17．A.fantastic   B．absurdC．hard   D．pleasantC　解析：参见上题解析。18．A.led   B．forcedC．trained   D．persuadedA　解析：根据空前一句“I still miss Flash.”及下文中的“an inspiring moment”可知，Flash引导“我”去帮助他人。故选A。19．A.fullest   B．craziestC．tiniest   D．saddestD　解析：根据第一段中的“Heartbroken”可知，Flash的去世是“我”人生中最难过的时刻之一。故选D。20．A.explained   B．transformedC．admitted   D．describedB　解析：根据第五段中的“which completely changed my life”并结合本段内容可知，Flash的去世也是让“我”发生改变的时刻。故选B。课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋1篇语法填空 阅读理解A(2020·合肥重点高中摸底)Most dog owners are convinced that their four­legged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”， “stay” or “treat”. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. For example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dog’s mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owner’s voice or gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that “man’s best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. The owners then tested their dog’s language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu” and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadn’t seen before.The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs’ brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. The researchers believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.Something even more interesting was that the dog’s brains showed a higher level of neural (神经的) activity at the sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “Dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientist Gregory Berns, senior author of the study.However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “When people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken commands because that’s what we humans prefer，” Prichard says. “From the dog’s view, however, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster.”【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，狗的确能理解主人说的话。1．What’s the purpose of the new study?A．To convince dog owners to understand their dogs.B．To advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.C．To prove dogs follow owners’ order by listening.D．To test out how dogs get information from owners.D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that ‘man’s best friend’ does indeed know what the owner is saying.”可知，亚特兰大的埃默里大学的科学家进行的一项新研究似乎表明， “人类最好的朋友”确实知道主人在说什么，并结合全文可知，该研究的目的是测试狗是如何理解主人的话的，故D项正确。2．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?A．Inform the result of the research.B．State the process of the research.C．Stress the importance of the research.D．Introduce the subjects of the research.B　解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball.”并结合该段内容可知，该段主要介绍了进行研究的过程，包括让不同品种的狗识别不同材料的两个玩具等，据此可知，该段旨在介绍研究过程，故B项正确。3．How do human brains and dog brains react to words?A．Human brains become active in unfamiliar words.B．Dog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.C．Human brains are not sensitive to familiar words.D．Dog brains show no response to familiar words.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Something even more interesting...This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words.”可知，对于不熟悉的单词，狗的大脑呈现出高水平的神经活动，而人类的大脑相反，故B项正确。4．What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?A．Give dogs oral commands.B．Teach dogs new tricks.C．Involve sight and smell.D．Encourage faster learning.C　解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training.”可知，尽管狗可能理解人类的语言，但科学家们建议使用视觉信号和嗅觉来训练它们，故C项正确。B(2020·贵阳适应性考试一)Brits(英国人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English. Only half(51%) are able to speak a second language to any standard and as more people travel abroad, this is becoming an increasing regret, according to a new study.Almost two­thirds(62%) of UK adults wish they were better at speaking languages. So they can better understand a city’s culture(38% of respondents), talk with locals(24%) and go beyond the guide book(21%)．Overcoming language barriers can be one of the most difficult parts of a holiday, particularly when in unfamiliar surroundings. So stressful in the fact that 10% of respondents said they didn’t travel because of the problem.The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food and one in ten got on the wrong train, plane or other form of transportation.If languages weren’t an issue then one in eight(12%) Brits would visit Japan. China, Italy and Russia were also popular choices. Despite the communication problem, Japan has seen a 7.5% increase in the number of British visitors between January and April, compared to this time last year.“The number of British travelers to Japan has been growing year on year，” according to Hollie Mantle, marketing and communication manager for the Japanese Tourist Board. “People are realizing that Japan is one of the most hospitable and beautiful countries on earth, with so many new experiences for travelers to try, not to mention world­class cuisine！”They had this message for Brits thinking about visiting：“Though some travelers worry about language barriers, as soon as you arrive in Japan, you’ll realize that people will go out of their way to help you enjoy their country. There really are few ‘barriers’—road signs and train stations are in English, you’ll find that people speak more English than they let on, and even when they don’t, they will go above and beyond to help you out.”【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了语言障碍成为英国人出国旅游的一大顾虑。5．What do we know from the first two paragraphs?A．Brits are poor at languages.B．Brits regret what they have done.C．Brits like relying on others.D．Brits are good at languages.A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Brits(英国人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English.”点题，并结合对前两段的整体理解可推知，英国人的语言能力比较差，故选A。6．How many Brits can’t order food correctly because of language barriers?A．About 10%.　　　　　　　 B．About 12%.C．About 20%.   D．About 21%.C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food”可知，1/5即20%的英国人因为语言障碍不能正确点餐，故选C。7．How is the text mainly developed?A．By analyzing causes.  B．By giving examples.C．By making description.  D．By listing data.D　解析：写作手法题。根据对文章的整体理解可知，本文列举了大量的数据来论证作者的观点，由此可推知，本文是通过列出数据来展开的，故选D。 七选五(2020·合肥第二次质检)What’s the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word, happiness. Better relationships, more success. But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. 1.________ Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times.Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian(爬行动物的) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. On the emotional survival side, we want our way to get ahead, to achieve, and to “look good”. Let’s just face it. 2.________ So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience—anger, impatience, blame and shame. We all have them. And we can grow beyond them.Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions—we try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. 3.________Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us don’t really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest—but very present—painful feelings. 4.________ But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you. Focusing on what’s actually happening, you can notice the worry of not wanting what’s happening, the resistance.5．________ When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing, and that, “Sure, this is understandable; this is what happens to me when I’m bothered.” You can say to yourself, “It’s true. I don’t like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.”A．Practice positive selftalk.B．So the solution to pain is an inside job.C．Patience abilities benefit you in many ways.D．Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times.E．We ignore the fact that we’re in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem.F．The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habit­forming.G．Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了培养耐心的几个有效的方法。1．G　解析：根据空后一句“Thus, when the big ones come, we will... hard times.”可知，成功地培养耐心需要花费精力，因而推荐一些有效的方法用来训练我们应对痛苦及烦恼的能力，因此当更大的麻烦来临时，我们将已经有耐心应对困难的时刻。故G项符合语境。2．F　解析：根据空后的“So the first step... blame and shame.”可推知，保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的冲动绝对是由习惯养成的，因此要做的第一步就是了解负面情绪根深蒂固的本性。故选F。3．B　解析：根据空前一句“But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set.”可知，问题不是出现在引起痛苦的外在因素上，而是出现在我们的思考方式上，因此解决痛苦是一种内在的活动。故选B。4．E　解析：根据空前一句“Most of us don’t really realize it... painful feelings.”及空后的“get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you”可知，我们经常忽略了这样一个事实，即我们处于痛苦之中，而我们关注的焦点总是全部集中在解决问题上。5．A　解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句；通读本段可知，本段主要是说要积极地自我对话，故A项符合语境。 语法填空(2020·长春质量监测一)It used to be common to see US teenagers busy at fast­food restaurants cooking burgers and 1.____________(clean) tables, especially during the summer vacation. 2.____________， the scene is becoming less common.Instead of finding summer jobs, many US teenagers are spending 3.____________(they) free time taking classes. According to The Atlantic, this change partly results 4.____________the low teen earnings paying little toward the costs of college. For many students who are going to attend college, the money from summer jobs doesn’t live up to their 5.____________(expect) at all. Meanwhile, US teenagers’ increasing interest in education 6.____________(account) for this as well. They go to summer school to learn 7.____________they might not have time for after they leave school, which 8.____________(consider) as a wise choice.Despite this, a summer job is still believed to benefit teenagers. Early work experience is 9.____________human activity that develops people’s social skills. When kids are working, they gradually gain 10.____________(practice) knowledge and understanding of the labor market.【解题导语】　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国青少年暑期生活的变化。1．cleaning　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的并列连词and可知，空处与前面的cooking并列作be busy(in) doing sth.结构的宾语。2．However　解析：考查副词。由上文中的“It used to be common”以及空后的“the scene is becoming less common”可知，此处前后句构成转折关系，故用However。3．their　解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空处修饰名词free time，故应用they的形容词性物主代词their在句中作定语，表示“他们的”。4．from　解析：考查固定搭配。这种变化部分是由青少年得到的薪水很低而难以支付大学的费用造成的。result from “(由……而)造成”为固定搭配。5．expectations　解析：考查词性转换和名词的单复数。根据语境及空前的“their”可知，空处应用expect的名词复数形式，表示“他们的那些期望”。6．accounts　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，文章介绍的是一般情况，且主语是US teenagers’ increasing interest，因此谓语动词用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式accounts。7．what　解析：考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词learn的宾语，指物，因此填what。8．is considered　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，文章介绍的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，此处表示“这被认为是一个明智的选择”，应用被动语态，故用一般现在时的被动语态。9．a　解析：考查冠词。根据空前的“is”和空后的“human activity”可知，此处表示泛指“一项人类活动”，且human的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。10．practical　解析：考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用practical “实用的”。