13-冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题(上海专用)

冲刺2022年中考英语首字母填空临考押题（上海专用）13

（一）

The man who lived in a Singapore forest for 30 years

Singapore is known for being one of the world's most highly urbanized(城市化) countries, with skyscrapers and luxury apartments. But for one man, It’s far away from the place he called home——a makeshift shelter(简易过渡房) in one of the country's forests.

When meeting Oh Go Seng, the first thing that s_____1_____ you is the light in his eye. He is 79 years old, but looks in far better shape than many people half his age.

Mr Oh grew up t_____2_____with his family in Sungei Tengah(双溪登加)—a local village. In the 1980s, however, these villages were pulled down, to make way for new high-rise buildings. Most village residents were offered new homes by the government, but Mr Oh was unable to get a place of his own. His brother, however, did get a government flat and Mr Oh was i_____3_____ to live there, but he eventually moved out as he said he did not want to trouble the family. So, he came back to a forest close to where his old home once stood and started to spend nights in a makeshift shelter built from pieces of wood, bamboo and tarpaulin(防水帆布).

The garden near his tent is where he would grow his own food. Clothes lines are between the trees and a fence protects the vegetable plot from intruders(入侵者). The tall jackfruit tree(菠萝蜜树) over his tent he says, provided enough shade. And he never felt u_____4_____, although Singapore's hot and humid.

Getting lonely was never a problem e_____5_____, he says. He kept himself busy looking after his garden well because of the good growing conditions, he adds. The w_____6_____ thing of living in the forest, he says, was the mice. They would find their way into his shelter and chew holes in his clothes.

In February this year—on the first day of the Lunar New Year, with the help of his local MP's team, Mr Oh was given a new home to live in. The few personal items in the flat have been supplemented by a fridge, television, kettle and water heater donated by well-wishers. He now works as a driver, transporting foreign workers from one job to a_____7_____, and sometimes does gardening work, he says.

答案：

1.surprises 2.together 3.invited 4.uncomfortable 5.either6.worst 7.another

译文：

一个在新加坡森林里生活了30年的人

新加坡是全球著名的城市化程度最高的国家之一，这里不乏熠熠生辉的摩天大楼和豪华公寓。但对一个人来说，这里离他称之为家的地方很远很远——他的家是新加坡森林中的一个临时住所。

见到吴哥僧（音译）时，首先让人惊讶的是他眼睛里的光。79岁的吴哥僧身体身体看起来比许多年龄只有他一半的人都要好。

吴先生在双溪登加（一个当地的小村庄）长大，与家人生活在一起。然而，20世纪80年代，这些当地村庄要被拆迁，腾出地方修建高楼。大多数村庄的居民都会得到政府的分房，但是吴先生却没得到。不过他的兄弟得到了一套政府公寓，并让吴先生去公寓中住。但最终，吴先生从公寓中搬了出来，因为吴先生说他不想给家人添麻烦。因此，吴先生回到老家附近的森林，从此开始在用木头、竹子和油布搭造的帐篷中过夜。

帐篷附近的菜地是吴先生种植食物的地方。晾衣绳在树木之间，还有个栅栏防止菜地被入侵。吴先生表示，帐篷上方高耸的菠萝蜜树可以很好地遮荫，而且尽管新加坡闷热潮湿，他也从未感到不舒服。

这位老人说他从未感到孤独，他一直忙于打理自己的菜园。虽然由于良好的生长环境，打理菜园很容易，他补充道。吴先生认为生活在森林里最大的问题就是老鼠，老鼠会想办法进入帐篷，把衣服咬破洞。

今年二月，农历新年的第一天，在当地议员团队的协助下，吴先生住进新家。公寓里除了几件为数不多的私人物品外，一些好心人还捐赠了冰箱、电视、水壶和热水器。吴先生说，他现在是一名司机，负责外国工人通勤，有时还做点园艺工作。

（二）

Recognizing people is a basic courtesy, especially in the workplace. But many people have felt the stress of trying to recall the workmate sitting opposite them, but remembered nothing. It is a source of embarrassment, and it can be seen as impoliteness that someone hasn't taken the time and e_____1_____ to learn anything about the other person.

However, being able to memorize someone's appearance, particularly if they're relatively unfamiliar, and recall them in a second needs a huge number of cognitive(认知的) resources from parts of the brain specific to facial recognition, to visual processing(视觉处理) and long-term memory. "Learning and recognizing faces is one of the most c_____2_____ tasks," explains Karen Lander, senior lecturer in experimental psychology at the University of Manchester, UK.

But besides science, there are cultural and social factors that can make us not know who is talking with us at work. We tend to remember people who look more like us, and we also prioritize(优先) learning the faces of those which we think are of greater importance to our lives: senior members of staff, or those in positions of power. F_____3_____, there are things we can do if we want to get better at recognizing everyone.

According to Brad Duchaine, professor of psychological and brain sciences at Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, US, the more one knows, the easier the learning process can be. "The more i_____4_____ you have about the person, the better able you'll be to put them into your memory," he adds. "Even though it's not visual, knowing what that person does, the things they like and the friends they have connects all those various parts of the brain together."

Additionally, Lander suggests i_____5_____ the variety of friendship and social circles. "The contact hypothesis(假设) shows if someone has contact with people from another culture  more, his levels of recall accuracy is higher," she says. "And it has the additional a_____6_____ of bringing you new ideas, opportunities and learning experiences."

Even if it can be difficult to always recognize infrequently-seen colleagues and acquaintances(熟人), working harder to be better at face learning can bring big benefits. "Knowing the identity(身份) of people around you is important," says Lander. "And it's certainly t_____7_____ in the workplace—it means you can interact with the person in the most appropriate way."

答案：

1.effort 2.complex 3.Fortunately 4.information 5.increasing 6.advantages 7.true

译文：

认出别人是一种基本的礼貌——尤其是在工作场合。但很多人都感受过这种压力：拼命想要回忆起坐在对面的同事是谁，但什么也想不起来。这不仅会造成尴尬，还会被视为失礼，说明自己没有花时间和精力去了解对方。

然而，要记住一个人的外貌，尤其与对方相对不熟悉的情况下，并能在瞬间回忆起他们是谁，需要大量的认知资源，这些资源来自于大脑中进行面部识别、视觉处理和长期记忆的特定部分。英国曼彻斯特大学实验心理学高级讲师凯伦·兰德解释说：“学习和认出人脸是最复杂的任务之一。”

但除了科学之外，还有文化和社会因素在起作用，让我们搞不清在工作中与我们交谈的人到底是谁。我们不仅倾向于记住那些看起来更像我们的人，而且我们还会优先记住那些我们认为对我们的生活更重要的人的面孔，如高级职员，或那些处于权力地位的人。幸运的是，如果我们想要更好地认出每个人，还是有办法的。

美国新罕布什尔州达特茅斯学院心理与大脑科学教授布拉德·杜夏因表示，一个人知道的越多，学习过程就越容易。“你对这个人的了解越多，你就越能将他们植入你的记忆中。”他补充道，“尽管了解的不是视觉信息，但知道这个人是做什么的，他们喜欢什么，他们有哪些朋友，这些信息会将大脑的各个部分连接在一起。”

此外，兰德建议增加友谊和社交圈的多样性。“接触假说表明，一个人与来自另一种文化的人接触更多，那回忆的准确性就更高，”她说，“而且它还有额外的好处，就是能让你接触到新的想法、机遇和学习经验。”

即使总能认出不常见面的同事和熟人这件事可能很困难，但努力让自己能更好地辨认面孔可以带来很大的好处。“了解周围人的身份很重要，”兰德说，“在工作场所也是如此——这意味着你能以最合适的方式与人交流。”

（三）

Anyone who walked into a restaurant during the pandemic(流行病) knows that the QR code is a contact-less(无接触) way to look at a menu. But the Better Business Bureau (BBB) is warning customers that they need to be e_____1_____ careful if they're sent a QR code(二维码).

One victim(受害者) told the BBB that they received a cheating letter about student loan(贷款). It contained a QR code that appeared to link to the official Studentaid. gov website. The QR code also helped the letter, which was part of a cheating, become official.

As the QR codes have become more w_____2_____ used, the BBB points out that it has received reports of scammers(骗子) using the system across the USA. "This is much l_____3_____ a phishing scam(网络钓鱼诈骗)," Laura, director of marketing for Eastern Michigan, said. "Just like clicking links, you have to be careful what website you're opening on your smartphone. If you’ve never heard of the organization or the website where the QR code is supposed to go to, that's a sign of d_____4_____. "She said the use of the QR code by scammers offers another way to steal personal information or get you to download malware(恶意软件)onto your smartphone.

The scammers can now send messages to one or all people in a user's address book, or even send a payment to where it cannot be recovered, according to the U.S.Army Major Cybercrime Unit. "In some scams, the QR code takes you to a phishing website, where you are r_____5_____ to enter your personal information for scammers to steal," the BBB warned. "Other times, scammers use QR codes to payment apps."

Scams can differ, but the scammers want you to scan the code right away. What you need to do, though, is to step back and make sure any information is legitimate(合法的)before you scan the code. C_____6_____ the friend or coworker directly to see what they might have sent, and make sure the sender wasn't hacked.

Adam Levin, an expert, says it's a good r_____7_____ to turn your smartphone off and restart it regularly. "Many forms of malware that live in your smartphone, such as spyware, depend on the device never being turned off." Levin said.

答案：

1.extra 2.widely 3.like 4.danger 5.required 6.Call 7.rule

译文：

任何在流感大流行期间走进餐厅的人都知道，二维码是一种查看菜单的无接触方式。但商业改善局警告客户，如果他们发送二维码，他们需要格外小心。

一名受害者告诉BBB，他们收到了一封关于学生贷款的作弊信。它包含了一个二维码，似乎与官方的学生网站有关。二维码还帮助这封属于作弊行为的信成为官方消息。

随着二维码越来越常用，BBB指出，它已经收到了在全美各地有利的骗子使用该系统的报告。“这很像一个网络钓鱼诈骗，”东密歇根州的营销总监劳拉说。“就像点击链接一样，你必须小心你在智能手机上打开的网站。如果你从未听说过二维码应该去的组织或网站，那将是一个巨大的危险信号。”她说，骗子使用二维码提供了另一种方式来窃取个人信息，或让你下载恶意软件到你的智能手机上。

据美国陆军主要网络犯罪研究部门称，骗子现在可以向用户地址簿中的一个或所有人发送信息，甚至向无法追回的地方发送款项。“在一些诈骗中，二维码会带你到一个钓鱼网站，在那里你需要输入个人信息供骗子窃取，”BBB警告说。其他时候，骗子会使用二维码来支付应用程序。”

骗局可能会有所不同，但骗子们希望你立即扫描代码。不过，您需要做的是，在扫描代码之前，先后退一步，确保任何信息都是合法的。直接打电话给朋友或同事，看看他们可能发送了什么，并确保发送者没有被黑客攻击。

专家亚当·莱文说，定期关掉智能手机并重启它是一个很好的经验法则。莱文还说，“你的智能手机里的许多恶意软件，比如间谍软件，都依赖于设备永远不会被关闭。”

（四）

Three Fingers of Patience

Once there was a farmer with his wife and children living a happy life by earning from their own land in a village. The family planted the crops in spring, and harvested the crops in autumn. The only p_____1_____ faced by the farmer was a lack of water for the fields. After discussing with his family, the farmer decided to dig a well near his land.

After managing to get all the materials prepared, he went to visit an expert to ask for s_____2_____ on where he should dig one. Under the guidance, he started the project at the edge of the land with great expectation. He worked very hard to dig day and night. But his hard work was not rewarded. The whole family advised him not to lose hope. He didn't want to disappoint anyone, e_____3_____ himself, and began his project again. Another two days went by, and there was not a single drop of water coming from the well. He was c_____4_____ tired, lost patience and went home thinking that everything was a waste of time. In case passers-by fell into the hole by mistake, he put a piece of wood which was the size of five fingers long near the unfinished well.

One night, a villager walked beside the well and hit his leg on that wood by mistake. This man became so angry that he l_____5_____ the piece of wood, and with full energy threw the wood inside the well. The moment the man threw the wood, it went and hard hit the ground nearly three fingers deep.

Water sprang up(涌出) from the well as soon as the wood was hit down and rose to a certain level. When the farmer heard about this, he rushed to his well. Seeing water rising up from the well, he was too excited to speak. His eyes f_____6_____ with tears as his hard work eventually paid off. He knew if he had a little more patience he would have succeeded e_____7_____. He was delighted that it helped him realize one requires more patience in any task being finished.

答案：

1.problem 2.suggestions 3.especially 4.completely 5.lifted 6.filled 7.earlier

译文：

耐心的三个手指

曾经有一个农民和他的妻子和孩子在他们自己的土地上过着幸福的生活。这一家人在春天种植庄稼，在秋天收割庄稼。农民面临的唯一问题是农田缺乏水。在和家人讨论后，农民决定在他的土地附近挖一口井。

在设法准备好了所有的材料后，他去拜访了一位专家，询问他应该在哪里挖一个材料。在指导下，他怀着极大的期望在土地的边缘开始了这个项目。他日夜挖掘。但他的努力工作并没有得到回报。全家都建议他不要失去希望。他不想让任何人失望，尤其是他自己，于是又开始了他的项目。又过了两天，井里一滴水也没有流出来。他完全累了，失去了耐心，回家时以为一切都是在浪费时间。万一过路人误掉进洞里，他就在未完工的井附近放了一块五根手指那么长的木头。

一天晚上，一个村民走到井边，腿误撞到了那块木头。这个人非常生气，他举起那块木头，用大力气把木头扔进井里。那人一扔木头，木头就过去了，撞到了将近三根手指深的地面。

当木头被击中时，水就从井里涌出，并上升到一定的水平。农夫听到这件事后，他跑到井里去。看到水从井里冒出来，他激动得说不出话来。随着他的努力工作最终得到了回报，他的眼睛里充满了泪水。他知道，如果他再多一点耐心，他会早点成功的。他很高兴，这帮助他意识到，在任何正在完成的任务中，一个人都需要更多的耐心。

（五）

Why do We Celebrate Festivals?

Festivals are celebrated all around the world. Every festival has its different customs. However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of s_____1_____ joy, thanks, love, or peace is common in all festivals.

Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest(丰收)festival can be found in almost every culture. This important festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. People celebrate to show that they are t_____2_____ for the year's supply of food. In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime—the Egyptian harvest season. It had a parade and a great large meal with music dancing, and sports. Today, in some European countries, people decorate town halls with flowers and fruit, and get together to celebrate over a meal. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious moon cakes.

Customs p_____3_____ an important role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time because of the development of modem society and the spread of new ideas. One example is the Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting fireworks to drive away the evil(恶毒的)spirits and celebrate the new year. Nowadays, many big cities have given up this custom in order to avoid air pollution. A_____4_____ example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting festival for children which is not its original custom.

Festivals are becoming more and more commercial(商业的)with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much e_____5_____ for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. Although some believe festivals should not be commercialized, others believe the i_____6_____ in spending is good for the economy(经济)and public happiness.

Festivals are an important part of society. They show people's wishes, beliefs and attitudes towards life. They allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and what to appreciate. And i_____7_____ you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.

答案：

1.sharing 2.thankful 3.play 4.Another 5.easier 6.increase 7.if

译文：

我们为什么要庆祝节日？

世界各地都在庆祝各种节日。每个节日都有其不同的习俗。然而，无论它们看起来多么不同，在世界各地，分享快乐、感谢、爱或和平的精神在所有的节日中都是常见的。

在所有的传统节日中，收获节日几乎可以在每一个地方找到文化这个重要的节日要在所有的庄稼都收好之后举行。人们庆祝是为了表明他们感谢今年的食物供应。在古埃及，丰收节是在春天——埃及的丰收季节来庆祝的。它有一场游行，一顿丰盛的大餐，还有音乐舞蹈和运动。今天，在一些欧洲国家，人们用鲜花和水果装饰市政厅，并聚在一起庆祝一起吃饭。在中国的中秋节期间，家人聚在一起欣赏月光，享用美味的月饼。

习俗在节日中扮演着重要的角色，但有时随着现代社会的发展和新观念的传播，习俗会随着时间的推移而发生变化。一个例子是中国春节的习俗，点燃烟花驱赶邪恶，庆祝新年。如今，许多大城市为了避免空气污染而放弃了这一习俗。另一个例子是万圣节，它慢慢成为一个令人兴奋的儿童节日，这不是它原来的习俗。

节日正变得越来越商业化，企业正在利用这些庆祝活动。网上购物网站和社交媒体应用程序让公众更容易花更多的钱送给他们的亲人。虽然有些人认为节日不应该商业化，但另一些人认为支出的增加有利于经济和公众幸福。

节日是社会的重要组成部分。它们表达了人们的愿望、信仰和态度对生活。它们让我们放松和享受生活，并暂时忘记我们的工作。他们帮助我们理解我们从哪里来，我们是谁，以及该感谢什么。如果你仔细研究节日，你可能会惊讶地发现，不同的文化确实有很多共同之处。

（六）

How Music Changes Your Life

There was an amazing video I watched online the other day about a man playing the piano in the middle of the airport. And without any communication, another person sat next to him and started playing along. Why would a person want to get involved in music? Here are four r_____1_____.

Music helps you make friends.

It didn't matter who the people were, where they belonged to, or what their appearances were, the music that was being played had united them all. Even musicians who r_____2_____ know one another will get together with others through music.

Music helps you find out who you are and what you're meant to do.

Because I didn't have much support in school, I often felt rather l_____3_____. Without music to stir(激发) my thoughts and dig deep into my emotions, discovering what my passions(热情) were would have been nearly impossible. But after beginning my life as a musician it suddenly made life c_____4_____. My decisions and thoughts became easier to understand and who I was began standing out. You see, when you play an instrument for a given time period, you stop questioning what keys you have to stroke(敲击) next. Your fingers and hands are guided by your emotions and natural instincts(本能).

Music has a magical a_____5_____ to heal you.

When other are playing an instrument, a key note(音符) I've heard is that the melodies(旋律) and beats helps regulate(调节) your heart rate. This is why listening to classical or soft music can lower people's anxieties and calm their nerves. Your brain responds to music by releasing the chemical dopamine(多巴胺), which is associated with(与......有关系)pleasure and relief. That is why music is repeatedly used to remedy(补救) negative emotions.

Music c_____6_____ us all.

If you're in a foreign country and you don't know their native language very well, get a musical instrument and start busking(街头卖艺)on the street corner. Play something that will provide a soundtrack(配乐) for a lazy Sunday in the park, and you just might find a friend or two who might help you out. Music has e_____7_____ everyone's lives throughout history in every part of the world. Whether you live in the United States, Europe, Asia or Africa, music has shaped societies and histories.

答案：

1.reasons 2.rarely 3.lonely 4.clearer 5.ability 6.connects 7.entered

译文：

音乐是如何改变你的生活

前几天我在网上看了一个很棒的视频，内容是一个男人在机场中央弹钢琴。没有一点交流，另一个人坐在他旁边，开始一起玩。为什么一个人会想参与到音乐中来呢？以下是四个原因。

音乐可以帮助你交朋友。

不管这些人是谁，他们属于哪里，或者他们的外表是什么，正在演奏的音乐都把他们团结在一起。即使是那些很少了解彼此的音乐家，也会通过音乐与他人聚在一起。

音乐可以帮助你找出你是谁，你应该做什么。

因为我在学校没有太多的支持，所以我经常感到很孤独。如果没有音乐来激发我的思想，深入挖掘我的情感，发现我的激情几乎是不可能的。但在我开始了作为一名音乐家的生活后，它突然让生活变得更加清晰。我的决定和想法变得更容易理解，我是谁开始脱颖而出。你看，当你在一段时间内演奏一种乐器时，你就不再质疑你接下来要敲击什么键了。你的手指和手会被你的情绪和自然本能所引导。

音乐有一种能治愈你的神奇能力。

当我听别人演奏他们的乐器时，我听到的一个关键音符是，旋律和节拍有助于调节你的心率。这就是为什么听古典音乐或软音乐可以降低人们的焦虑，平静他们的神经。你的大脑通过释放化学多巴胺对音乐做出反应，多巴胺与快乐和缓解有关。这就是为什么音乐被反复用来补救负面情绪。

音乐把我们都联系起来了。

如果你在国外，你不太懂他们的母语，买个乐器，在街角开始街头表演。播放一些能为公园里一个慵懒的星期天提供配乐的东西，你可能会找到一两个可以帮你解决的朋友。音乐已经进入世界各地历史上每个人的生活中。无论你是生活在美国、欧洲、亚洲还是非洲，音乐都塑造了社会和历史。