专题04 中考知识要点总结-中考英语知识及解题技巧(仁爱版)
展开一、 高频考点
1. all right 行, 好啊; That’s all right. = That’s OK.
That's / It’s right 。
2. all
常见以下结构 All f us are teachers. We are all teachers.
All (f) the children like playing ftball.
nne --- (all的否定形式)
常见以下结构 Nne f us is a teacher / are teachers.
bth
常见以下结构 Bth f them like this film. We bth like this film.
Bth (f) the children like playing ftball.
neither
常见以下结构 Neither f them likes this film. Neither time is OK.
nne + f... (可以指人或指物), 用Hw many / much... 提问,回答没有只能用 。
n ne (只能指人),不能 + f..., 用Wh提问,回答没有只能用 .
3. can be able t may can’t be
① can 情态动词,可以用来表示“能力”。
e.g. --- Can yu speak English? --- Yes, I can.
② can 情态动词,表示“许可”,相当于may。
e.g. Can / May / Culd I smke here?
culd 表示请求“许可”,比may语气更委婉。通常否定回答用 。肯定回答用
Yes, yu can / may.
③ can’t 可以用来表推测,表示不可能。
e.g. He be Mr. Brwn. 它的肯定形式是He Mr. Brwn. (一定,肯定)
④ be able t 只能表示“能力”,近义于can (过去式culd)。be able t使用于多种形态。
4. dress wear put n in
dress仅指“ ,可以说dress well / badly,但不能说wear well / badly。
dress可以直接接人,结构是dress sb. in sth.或dress in + sth.
wear强调状态,表示“ ”,宾语是衣服, 鞋帽类的物体;
put n是动副短语,强调 ;
in是介词,表示穿戴的状态,常作后置定语修饰前面的名词,做谓语要与be搭配使用。
e.g. She is wearing a red cat. = She is in a red cat.
dress up的意思是“盛装打扮, 乔装打扮”。
e.g. I’d like yu t dress up fr my birthday party tnight. 今晚我希望你为我的生日派对打扮打扮。
5. 不定代词
指人的不定代词everyne, smene, anyne, everybdy, smebdy, anybdy, nbdy,
指物的不定代词everything, smething, anything, nthing,
指地点的不定代词everywhere, smewhere, anywhere, nwhere
① 不定代词/副词被形容词修饰时,形容词要 ,e.g. smething / anything imprtant;
② 不定代词作主语,视为第三人称单数,谓语动词要用 数形式;
e.g. Everybdy is here.
③ 含sme的不定代词, 副词通常用于肯定句,含any的通常用于否定句和疑问句中;而含every的不
定代词和副词没有限定句型,表示“一切,所有”就可以。
注意:在表示请求,邀请和希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中要用sme-;而不是any-;
any-在肯定句中表示“任何,任一”。
④ nt any~ = n~
e.g. There is nt anything wrng with it. = There is with it.
⑤ 这些不定代词都不能和f表范围的短语搭配使用。
e.g. 可以说every ne f...,但不能说everyne f...。
6. else与ther
else“其他的”通常修饰不定代词和疑问句,而且位置在所修饰词后。e.g. what else, anything else
ther通常修饰 ,在名词的前面。
can yu see? = What ther things can yu see?
7. a friend f mine / Miss Lin’s 双重所有格 (其中代词一定是名物代/名词一定是’s所有格)
= ne f my friends / Miss Lin’s friends
ne 该短语要注意三点
① 后面的名词要复数; ② 名词前的形容词通常是最高级; ③ 该短语作主语应视为第三人称单数。
e.g. One f the mst interesting films is made in America.
8. “听观感使让帮”后跟不带t的不定式作宾补。
听:hear sb. d / ding sth.
观:watch sb. d / ding sth. see sb. d / ding sth. ntice sb. d / ding ath.
以上短语中用d表示 这一件事;ding用来表示 的动作;
对比:I heard him crying fr help when I was walking past.
I ften hear her sing English sngs in that rm.
感:feel sb. d/ ding sth. find sb. ding sth.
① feel还有以下结构在初中教材中出现过:feel + adj., feel it adj. t d sth.
② find也可以有以下结构:find sth. adj. find it adj. t d sth.
③ feel / find it adj. t d sth.通常都可以改写成宾语从句
e.g. She finds it difficult t travel arund this city. = She finds it is difficult t travel arund this city.
使:make sb. d sth. (使/ 让……做……) have sb. d sth. (使/ 让……做……)
让:let sb. d sth. (让……做……)
帮:help (sb.) (t) d sth. (帮助……做……)
*以上不带t不定式用于被动语态时,都要注意还愿t,
e.g. This thief was seen rb her last night.
9. little few a few a little a bit
① a little修饰 数,意思为“ ”,little也修饰 数,意思是“ ”;
a few修饰 数,意思为“ ”,few修饰 数,意思是“ ”。
即:little和few表示否定含义,而a little / a few表示肯定含义。
② a little可以修饰后面的形容词和副词的比较级,同时也可以在句末修饰前面的动词;
③ little还可以理解为“小的”,e.g. a little sheep, a little accident等;
④ a bit也可以修饰形容词, 副词和动词,常可以和a little互换;但a bit修饰名词时,需要搭配介词f,
并且只能修饰不可数名词。e.g. a bit f time
⑤ nt a bit “毫不, 一点也不多” nt a little “非常多,不少”
10. lk的短语
lk ver (动副), lk after (动介), lk at (动介), lk fr (动介), lk up“抬头看, 查字典/资料”,
A lk like B = A and B lk the same等, lk ut向外看;当心。
11. many / much lts f / a lt f / a lt sme / any several the number f / a number f
① many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,它们的意思是“许多”,可以用于各种句型;much还可
以修饰形容词和副词的 ,e.g. much mre imprtant, much bigger,也可以修饰动词和介词等,
e.g. He is much like his father. He talks much.
② lts f = a lt f它们的意思是“许多”,常用来修饰名词,可数不可数均可,但它们通常情况下用于肯
定句;
③ sme意思是“一些”,通常用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句变成any;而several的意思是“几个;若干”;
④ the number f... 该短语的意思是“ ”,作主语,谓语动词通常是单数;
a number f... = large numbers f... 它们的意思是“ ”,常用来修饰可数名词。
请对比:A number f turists frm China. 许多的游客来自中国。
The number f turists frm China 1000. 来自中国的游客人数是1000。
⑤ a lt相当于much,可以修饰形容词或副词的比较级,也可以修饰动词。
12. must的用法
① --- Must I hand it in tday? ---
② The stry must be true. (一定,“表示推测”) The stry can’t be true. (不可能)
mustn’t只能表示“ ”。
13. n at in t的用法
① 表地点:at是小地点,e.g. at the dr, at the gate;
n通常表示在接触的平面上,e.g. n the playgrund, n the desk;
in通常表示在某个地点范围内,e.g. in the bx, in Beijing;
t表示去向,e.g. g t the park, 有时候等同于twards。
② 表时间:at表示具体时间的点刻时间,e.g. at 6:30;
n表示具体一天的时间,e.g. n that day;
in通常表示大于一天的一段时间,e.g. in spring等。
强调一天的某个时段要用n,e.g. n Mnday mrning; n the afternn f May 1st; n a cld night
③ 表方位:in (the) frnt f, at the back f, in the middle center f, n the left / right f等;
④ 表方向:Russia is n the nrth f China. (有接壤用n)
Japan is t the east f China. (没有交接用t)
Taiwan is in the sutheast f China. (相包含用in)
⑤ 表方式:in English / Chinese 用英语/汉语
14. ne, it, that
e.g. A: Yur watch lks s nice. B: Thanks.
A: Culd yu tell me where yu bught . I will buy .
’s necessary fr students t wrk hard. I find necessary fr students t wrk hard.
The price f milk is much higher than f water. (特指水的价格)
it表示前面提到的物体 (同一对象) 复数they,而ne表示和前面提到的物体相同的物体(同类但不特指)
复数nes, that通常用在比较的句子中,表示和前面提到的东西相同但特制后面的那个(同类但特指)复
数thse;有时the ne = that; the nes = thse, 但只有it可以在句子中当形式主语或形式宾语。
ne与pair
① --- D yu like this shirt? --- Yes, I d. I want ne.
② --- D yu like this pair f shes? --- Yes, I d. I want a pair.
15. say speak talk tell
① say后通常要有说的具体内容,不可没有宾语。 say t sb., “…”
② speak后宾语通常是 的,例如speak English,或者speak可以充当不及物动词,强调说话的方
式,e.g. speak clearly / ludly / slwly等,speak t sb.
③ talk强调 ,talk abut sth. “谈论……” talk t / with sb. “和……交谈”
④ tell强调“ ”后面通常接某人,如:tell sb. sth. 或 tell sb. (nt) t d sth.
tell后不接人的一些固定词组:
tell a lie / tell the truth / tell a stry / tell jkes / tell the difference between
16. think ver, think abut, think f
think f ; think abut ; think ver
think abut和think f这两个短语表示“对……有某种看法”时,可以互换。
think abut表示经常思考, 研究的意思,一般不和think f换用。
e.g. I ften thught abut what yu said. 我经常思考你说过的话。
think ver意为“仔细思考”。e.g. Think ver, and yu’ll find away.
句型:think it adj. t d sth. e.g. He thinks it imprtant t take care f the envirnment.
What d yu think f…? = Hw d yu like…?
17. it’s time t d sth. = It’s time fr sth.
18. lie (说谎) --- lie (躺, 位于) --- lay (放置, 下蛋,产卵) --- .
find (发现,找到) --- fund (成立) ---
19. under ver abve belw
① under表示“正下方”, ver表示“正上方”;
② abve表示“在上方”, belw表示“在下方”。
③ 表示温度在零度以上和以下,用abve和belw;
④ ver还可以有其他的意思,常考核的短语有:all ver the wrld, ver (mre than) three years等。
20. want, wuld like与feel like
want sb. d sth. = wuld like (sb.) d sth. = feel like 想要(某人)做某事
want / wuld like / feel like + sth. 想要...
--- Wuld yu like t d sth.? --- Yes, I’d lve t. (表示邀请)
21. with的用法
① 和在一起,e.g. live with me等;
② 有或带着某物,e.g. the mncakes with nuts in them等;
③ 表示使用的工具或器具,如:cut it with a knife, with yur help, with yur ft等;
④ 与动词搭配,如:agree with, quarrel with, play with sb., argue with等;
⑤ 对于关于某人或某物,e.g. be pleased / angry / careful / with, help…with…, What’s wrng with…?, talk
with…等;
⑥ 表示方式, 伴随状况等,e.g. with pleasure, with a bk in her hand, with these wrds
22. als t either as well (as) 也,而且(位置不同) 否定句用either
23. 对……擅长 在……方面做得好
在……薄弱 在……方面做得不好
对……有益 对……有害
24. because 后接 because f 后接
thanks t 表示原因,“ ”。 Thanks fr... 表示感谢,“ ”
e.g. She can’t mve nw because her leg hurts.
Because f the heavy rain, she has t stay at hme.
Thanks t the satellite, we can see many gd TV prgrams.
Thanks fr yur help / invitatin.
25. have gne t / have been t / have been in
have gne t... ; have been t... ; have been in... ,
fr... (实际上是g不可持续,转换成可持续动词g---be in)
26. brrw lend keep return
① brrw是“ ”,它常用的短语是brrw sth. frm sb.
② lend是“ ”,它常用的短语是lend sth. t sb. = lend sb. sth.
③ keep是“ ”,它是持续性动词,e.g. Hw lng may I
④ return是“ ”的意思,它等意于give... back
27. by的用法
① 经过 (adv. / prep.), e.g. g / walk by (…) 等;
② 在……附近,e.g. by the windw等;
③ 不迟于, 在……之前;e.g. by the time, by the year 2004, by then等;
④ 被……,常用于被动语态;e.g. by the by
⑤ 通过……的方式;e.g. by ding sth.等;
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥ 表示运输或取道的方式,e.g. by car / bus / bike…等;
= 7 \* GB3 ⑦ 短语:by the way等。
28. bring take carry fetch
bring是指“ ” take是指“ ”
carry 的意思是“ ”多是指有重量的货物,而且运输的方式多样。
fetch是指“ 意思。
e.g. I asked her t fetch me an evening paper. 我求她去给我拿一张晚报来。
29. everyday every day
everyday是形容词,表示“ ”,= daily,修饰名词,e.g. everyday life
every day是时间短语,表示“ ”, e.g. We have fun learning English every day.
30. clse --- clsed pen --- pen turn n / ff
clse作动词,意思是“ ”,当形容词是“ ”意思;
clsed是形容词,意思是“ 的”;
pen是既可当动词也可当形容词。类似的词:clean (打扫, 清洁/干净的)
pen / clse是机械的开关,如门, 窗等;电器开关等要用turn n / ff表示“开, 关”
31. each either every
① every与each:every强调范围在 ,而each强调的是 ;every后通常只能接单数名词,不能接f短语,而each + 单数名词或each f + 复数名词都
可以;做主语时都是第三人称单数形式。
e.g. Every teacher likes students. Each persn has a bag.
Each f the bags is made in china. 注意:every fur years表示“每四年”
② either是“ ”,接单数名词,e.g. Either day is OK.(两天中的哪一天都行)
Either f them likes this stry. There are a lt f trees n either side / bth sides f the street.
32. get arrive reach 到达
① get /arrive / reach hme get / arrive / reach here(there)
② get t + n. arrive at / in + n. reach + n.
arrive 可以单独使用,不需要宾语。
33. g t bed g t sleep fall asleep
g t bed 是上床睡觉前的准备过程;g t sleep是逐渐进入睡眠;fall asleep是系表结构,表示进入睡眠状态。
34. hard与hardly
① hard(adj.)“ ” = difficult e.g. hard wrk
② hard(adv.)“ ” = heavily, e.g. It rained heavily / hard.
“ ”,e.g. wrk hard
③ hardly与hard没有关系,hardly是个表否定意义的动词,它的意思是“ ”。
以下形容词, 副词同形(不变):early, late, high, far, fast
35. in hspital与in the hspital
没有冠词the, hspital表示抽象含义,因此它的意思是“住院”,有冠词则表示具体含义,则它的含义是“在医院里”。类似短语:in schl / in the schl; in bed / in the bed等。
36. hw much hw many hw ld hw lng hw ften hw far hw sn
hw much可以对价格或不可数名词的量进行提问;
hw many是对可数名词的数量进行提问;
hw ld是对年龄的提问;
hw lng可以是对一段时间的提问,也可以是对某个事物本身的长度进行提问;
e.g. He lives here fr three years. = Hw lng des he live here?
This bridge is twenty meters lng. = Hw lng is this bridge?
hw ften的意思是“多久一次”;He ges t the cinema nce a week.
Hw ften des he g t the cinema?
hw far是对距离进行提问;回答:It’s five kilmeters. / ten minutes’ walk / ride
hw sn的意思是“多久之后”,e.g. He will cme back in an hur. Hw sn will he cme back?
hw可以和其他的副词或形容词构成疑问词组,e.g. hw heavy / big / wide / imprtant等
37. there be句型
① there be的be动词形式根据 原则来定;e.g. There is a pen and tw bks in the bag.
② there be的将来时是There is / are ging t be或There be…
③ there be + n. + sth. + sp. 在某地有某物正在做某事
38. leave (Fuzhu) fr Beijing = set ut / ff (frm Fuzhu) fr Beijing.(离开……)动身去……
39. listen与hear
listen强调听的动作过程,hear强调听的结果,listen + t + sth / sb.
e.g. listen t the music; I didn’t hear anything.
类似的动词还有:lk / see; lk fr / find; pay attentin (t) / ntice
40. lk, see, watch, read
lk是“看”的动作过程,see是“看”的结果;具体表达“看什么东西”,lk后一定要有个介词at,e.g. I lk at the picture. watch通常是表达观赏具有动感的物体。现在英语中watch与see有的场合下是可以替换的。
41. lk fr lk up find find ut search (sth.) fr…
lk fr是动介短语,它的意思是“ ”,lk up是动副短语,它的意思目前学过的有“ ”,find的意思是“ ”,它强调的是结果,而find ut是动副短语,经常接带有疑问词的宾语从句。它强调“ ”之意。
search (A) fr (B) 在A处搜索B;search sb. 搜某人的身;search fr sb. 找某人
search (the Internet) fr useful infrmatin 上网搜索有用的信息
42. ther the ther anther
We must help thers (= ther peple) in need.
(句中的ther泛指除了主语we外的 )
Lin Ta is taller than the ther bys (= the thers) in his class.
(句中的the ther特指Lin Ta班上除了他本人 同学。)
I dn’t like the clr f this shirt, Please shw me anther (ne).
(句中的anther的意思是“ ”,店里还有很多其它的衣服。)
There are sme trees n the ther bank f the river.
(句中的the ther bank表示河的 )
Here cme anther three mdels. = Here cme three mre mdels.
(句中的anther表示“ ”)
43. s…与such… + that从句
such a funny stry = s funny a stry, such terrible weather, such interesting bks
s fast / nice / wnderful / heavily
说明such修饰 词(注意名词的单复数或不可数),s修饰 .
注意:当有many, few, much, little修饰名词时,s many / few peple, s much / little sugar
补充s的两个句型:
① --- Jhn can drive a car. --- .(他的确会开车。)
② --- Jhn can drive a car. --- .(我也会开车。)
③ 总结:S + be/情/助+主 …… ……
Neither + be/情/助+主 …… ……
S + 主 + be/情/助 ……
44. smetimes smetime sme times sme time
smetimes smetime (没有明确的某个时间)
sme times (fr) sme time
45. take ff 与 put n
take ff与put n为一对反义的动副短语。
take ff作为不及物动词短语,它还有个意思是“ ”,e.g. The plane is taking ff.
put n也有其他的意思如“ ”等。
46.可数名词的复数形式变化注意事项:
① 规则变化:
通常在词尾+s; 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的在词尾+es;
以f / fe结尾的词变f / fe为ves, e.g. thief, wife, leaf, knife, shelf, wlf, half, life, self;
以结尾的在词尾+es的有:Negr, her, ptat, tmat;
② 不规则变化:
单复数同形的有sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese;
其他变化:
ft-feet; tth-teeth; gse-geese; man-men; wman-wmen; child-children; muse-mice.
maths, plitics, physics --- 为单数名词;peple, plice --- 为复数名词。
47. well healthy fine fit gd
well作形容词,初中阶段学习过的意思是“(身体)健康的”,近义词是fine, healthy, fit。但fit还可以当动词,表示“适合,修补,安装”。
gd作形容词修饰人,通常意思是指人品好,修饰物表示物的质量好,但不能表示人的身体好;well作为gd的副词,意思是“好地”,常用来修饰实意动词。
48. as的用法
= 1 \* GB3 ① 作为 (prep.), e.g. English is spken as a freign language. regard…as…等;
= 2 \* GB3 ② 句型as…as…中第一个as是用在副词和形容词前构成比较句型,第二个as是介词用来连词对比物;
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 在……期间,当……什么时候;近义词是when;
= 4 \* GB3 ④ 由于,因为,近义词为because,通常在句首;
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤ 以……方式,按照,e.g. d as I say等;
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥ 其他相关短语:the same as…, as if等。
49. at the end f… at the tp f / head f 互为反义短语
by the end f… t the end f…
in the end = at last = finally
50. be famus / well-knwn as / fr
Lu Xun is famus / well-knwn fr his Nanhan.
Lu Xun is famus / well-knwn as a writer.
51.表示天气的句型
= 1 \* GB3 ① The snw is heavy nw. = It snws heavily nw.
= There is a lt f snw nw. = It is very snwy nw.
= 2 \* GB3 ② It rained hard last night. = It was very rainy last night.
= There was a lt f rain last night. = The rain was heavy last night.
= 3 \* GB3 ③ There will be a lt f wind tmrrw. = It will be very windy tmrrw.
= The wind will blw strngly tmrrw. = The wind will be strng tmrrw.
52. die dead death lse ne’s life
die = lse ne’s life, die是短暂性动词,而be dead是状态可延续表示“ ,人不在世了”。death是名词。
53. maybe / may be 都表示“可能”,但maybe是副词,相当于perhaps可在句首,句中使用,may是情态动词,后面接动词原形,一定在句中当谓语。
54. during 是介词,不能接从句,可以接短语作宾语,有时候可以和in代替。
e.g. during the past five years = in the past five years(该短语常用于完成时连用),
in the summer hlidays = during the summer hlidays
55.只能接动名词作宾语的动词及动词短语:V. + ding:
enjy, mind, practice, keep (n), finish, give up, avid, cnsider, be busy, be (well) wrth, can’t stand / bear, spend…(in), have fun / difficulty / truble (in), lk frward t ding sth., make a cntributin t ding sth., stick t ding sth., pay attentin t ding sth., prefer ding A t ding B, get / be used t ding sth., say n t ding sth., take t ding sth. (养成做某事的习惯,染上某种习惯) can’t help ding sth. ( )
56. in frnt f… in the frnt f…
= 1 \* GB3 ① in frnt f…是 的前面 = 2 \* GB3 ② in the frnt f… 是 的前面
57. g n t d / ding / with stp / try / frget / remember / regret + t d / ding
= 1 \* GB3 ① g n ding sth. = g n with sth. = cntribute t d / ding sth. = keep n ding sth. 意思是“继续, 坚持
= 2 \* GB3 ② 某事”g n t d sth.意思是“ ”。
= 3 \* GB3 ③ stp ding表示 stp t d 表示
= 4 \* GB3 ④ try t d sth.的意思是“ ”,而try ding sth. 的意思是“ ”。try的相关短语有try ut, try n, have a try等。
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤ frget / remember / regret + ding 表示“ ”
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥ frget / remember + t d “
58. help yurself / yurselves t… 注意yurself和yurselves的使用
常见的含有反身代词的短语还有:enjy / hurt / teach / lk after / dress / say t neself
59. hear的用法
hear f / abut sth. / sb. …… hear sb. d / ding sth. hear (that) + 从句
hear frm sb. = get / receive a letter frm sb.
60. hpe wish expect
= 1 \* GB3 ① hpe t d 表示希望能做某事
hpe+从句,表示能够实现的希望或愿望,其后的宾语从句多用一般将来时。
= 2 \* GB3 ② wish t d 可以和hpe 替换;wish sb. t d (hpe不行);wish+从句是表示难以实现或不可能实现的
愿望,其后的宾语从句用过去时表示虚拟语气。wish + sb.+名词(短语),表示一些祝福的话语。
e.g. Wish yu gd luck / success / health.
= 3 \* GB3 ③ except表示盼望, 期待,except sb. / sth.; except (sb.) t d,也可以接宾语从句
hpe和wish可以作名词用。e.g. with my best wishes Dn’t give up hpe.
61. lnely / alne / alng
feel lnely, a lnely village (孤独感;偏僻,荒凉的)
be alne at hme, d sth. alne = d sth. by neself (独自,单独)
g alng the street, (沿着) cme alng with…, get alng (well / badly) with… (固定词组)
62. interest (v.) “使(某人)发生兴趣” interesting (令人感兴趣的)
interested (感到兴趣的) (adj.)
surprise (v.) “使(某人)惊讶” surprising (令人感到惊讶的)
surprised (感到惊讶的) (adj.)
类似变化的动词还有:satisfy, wrry, mve (感动), excite, amaze, tire, relax, bre等。
be / becme interested in = shw / have an interest in , a place f interest
be surprised / amazed at be pleased with = be satisfied with
63. after later later n in
after和in 都可以表示“在……时间之后”。不同的是:after是表示“从过去某个时间算起若干时间以后”,常用于过去时;in 一般表示“从现在或说话时算起若干时间以后”,用于将来时或过去将来时。
“时间 + later”结构只能用于表示“从过去或将来算起若干时间以后”,不能用于表示“从现在算起若干时间以后”。后者通常用 “in+时间”结构表达。later (n) 单独使用,可以表示“从现在算起的以后”。
64. mre anther a third
Here are three balls, but I need tw . (“数字+mre” 意思是:再……)
Here are three balls, but I need tw.
There are tw bys playing basketball n the playgrund. Nw a by is cming.
(a + 序数词 意思是“又,再一个”暗含前面的数量。)
65. nearly (几乎,接近)/near (靠近) almst (几乎,将近)/mst (大多数)
already (肯定句) yet (否定句, 疑问句) late (迟, 晚)/lately (最近)
66. leave frget
leave sth. sp. “把某物忘在某地”,即“ ” e.g. I left my purse n the desk.
frget 只表示 ,不能搭配地点
67. stp t d stp ding stp sb. (frm) ding sth.
stp t d
stp ding
stp sb. (frm) ding sth. = keep sb. frm ding sth. = prevent sb. (frm) ding = make sb. nt d sth.
68. spend / pay / take / cst
It sb. sme time t d sth. sb. sme time /mney n / (in) ding sth.
It sb. sme mney t d sth. sth. sb. sme mney.
sb. pay (sme mney) fr sth.
I spent a week wrking ut this prblem. = It tk me a week t wrk ut this prblem.
He paid $5 fr the bk. = The bk cst him $5.= He spent $5 n the bk.
69. turn的用法
It’s ne’s turn t d sth.
take turns t d sth. = d sth. in turn
Whse turn is it? 轮到谁了?
turn left / right 向左/右转 N left turn. = Dn’t turn left. turn (v.) --- turning (n.)
70
70. until 70. until
G alng this rad until yu reach the end. = G alng this rad t the end.
I will wait (持续动词) fr yu until 4 ’clck. (一直到)
He didn’t arrive (短暂性动词) until midnight. ( )
until 可以接短语,也可以接从句,时间状语从句要主语 的原则。
71. a visit t the way t the key t the answer t the ticket t/fr
注意这些短语搭配的介词习惯上用 t 表示“的”。
72. between / amng 在……之间
between 表示在 间或A and B 两部分之间;
amng 只用于 之间, e.g. amng the crwd / the students
73. as sn as as… as pssible
I will call yu as sn as pssible as he arrives.(as sn as 引导时间状语从句,注意主将从现的时态要求)
I will write t yu as sn as pssible / I can. (as …as pssible / sb. can ……)
74. as… as nt as / s… as less… than
English is as imprtant as maths. This watch is twice as expensive as that ne
English is nt as / s imprtant as maths.
= English is less imprtant than maths. = Maths is mre imprtant than English.
75. 比较等级替换
He jumps higher than student in his class.
= He jumps higher than students in his class.
= He jumps the highest in the class.
76. make 四种用法:
make sb. d make sb. / sth. +adj. make sb. + mnitr(职务)
make neself dne (e.g. make neself understd / heard)
either…r neither…nr bth…and
nt nly…but als ① Bth he and she like watching ftball match.
(否定句) Neither he nr she l watching ftball matches.(就近原则)
② Yu can’t take bth f these tw tickets.
(同义句) Yu can take either this ticket r that ne.
③ Either he r she c frm China, and ne f them cmes frm Japan. (就近原则)
④ Nt nly the twins but als he h seen the wnderful film.(就近原则)
78. enugh 修饰名词 (enugh + n.) e.g. enugh fd.
修饰形容词, 副词 (adj. / adv. + enugh) e.g. big enugh, carefully enugh.
79. even much a little a lt far
以上这些词都可以用来修饰形容词或副词的 等级,如:
He feels even mre tired nw. She is munch fatter than befre.
I wrk much mre carefully than befre. They are a little mre cnfident nw.
This trip is far mre enjyable.
t much 与 much t
T much = much 可以修饰形容词和副词的比较等级,可以修饰不可数名词还可以修饰实义动词;
much t 只能修饰形容词或副词的原级。
80. get back give back return cme back
return t sp. = cme back t sp. return sth. t sb. = give sth. back t sb.
get back “取回” give back “还”
81. an + hur / hnest by / 8-year-ld girl / MP4 / umbrella / unusual trip,
对比:a + university / unit / UFO / usual student
82. infrmatin 名词 类似的还有: advice,news,music,weather,paper 等,
但peple 是可数名词;experience当“经验” 数;当“经历” 数。
83. nise sund vice
nise 主要指 音,即可数又不可数,表示种类时可以用复数形式。
sund 是 ,而vice 是指人的 音。
与vice有关的短语还有in a lw vice。
84. please (v.) --- please (a.) --- pleasant (a.) --- pleasure (n.)
It’s a pleasure. = My pleasure. 用来表达“ ”。
With pleasure! 。
I have a pleasant trip last year. I’m pleased t hear that.
85. 100-metre race an 8-year-ld by three-day sick leave
类似100-metre, 8-year-ld by, three-day这种结构中不是用复数形式,用连字符连接构成一个相当于
形容词的合成词只能在名词前做定语。
86. 常见双写尾字母
beginning / beginner, winning / winner, stpping / stpped, running / runner, swimming / swimmer,
cntrlling / cntrlled, getting, drpping / drpped, preferring / preferred, referring / referred,
chatting, sitting, setting, putting, letting, bigger / biggest, wetter / wettest, thinner / thinnest,
slimmer / slimmest, htter / httest, sun—sunny, fg—fggy
规则:单词最后的音节必须是1.重读音节 2.一个元音字母 3.一个辅音字母结尾(三点同时)
87. 词的搭配
peple --- many / few; ppulatin --- large / big / small;
price --- high / lw; sth. --- expensive / dear / cheap;
animals --- fewer and fewer; the number f animals --- less and less.
88. keep…ding keep ding keep…frm ding
keep sb. ding keep ding sth.
keep…frm ding sth.
89. teach neself sth. = learn sth. by neself
teach us English (teach sb. (宾格) sth. 双宾语) teach sb. t d sth. (教某人做某事)
90. acrss / thrugh / past
crss (v.) = g / walk acrss (prep.)... 在 上横穿 crssing (n.)
thrugh (prep.) ... 穿过,e.g. thrugh the windw / the frest; thugh是连词,表示“虽然”,
thught可以使think的过去式或过去分词,也可以当名词使用,表示“想法”
past (prep.)表示从旁边经过,e.g. g pass a schl; pass (v.) 表示“通过”
91.
This ice is t thin fr me t skate n.
= This ice is thin I can’t skate n it.
= This ice is nt thick fr me skate n.
92. What’s yur truble? = What’s yur matter? = What’s wrng with yu?
What’s up? = What’s wrng? = What’s the matter?
93. win与beat win的宾语是 ,而beat的宾语 。
94. be made in / f / frm / by be made up f...
be made f be made frm
be made in be made by
be made up f.
95. be used by / fr / as
A be used by B A be used as B
used t d sth. get used t ding sth.
A be used t d sth. / fr ding sth.
96. sick / ill
都是形容词,表示“生病”,但ill只能用在系动词后作表语,e.g. fall / be ill;
而sick还可以在名词前当定语,e.g. a sick by,以下的形容词只能做表语不能当定语,
e.g. asleep, alive (可以当后置定语),afraid,awake
97. happen / take place / cme abut
happen 通常指 ,take place通常指 ,
cme abut通常和疑问词 同时出现,问方式和原因。(都是不及物动词,都不用于被动语态)
What (has) happened? 发生什么事了? An accident happened t him. 他发生事故了。
Great changes have taken place in Fuzhu. 福州发生了巨大的变化。
98. except but besides
besides 指“ ”,看重“另外还有”,
e.g. I have five ther bks besides this. 除这本之外,我还有五本别的书。
Besides English, he has t study German. 除了英语,他还要学德语。
except指“ ”, 不包括在内,
e.g. They all went t sleep except the yung Frenchman. 他们都睡了,除了那个年轻的法国人之外。
but作指“除了”解时和except同义。但but习惯与只用于n, nthing, nbdy, nt anything等之后。
99. “系动词+形容词”构成“系表结构”,
以下是常见的系动词:
状态系动词:be, seem, appear (显得)
保持系动词:keep, stay, remain
感官系动词:lk, sund, smell, taste, feel
变化系动词:get, turn, becme, g (deaf / mad / sur), grw (dark / lder), cme (true), fall (ill / asleep)
100. be wrth cst
Hw much is this car? = Hw much des this car cst?
= Hw much is this car wrth? = What's the price f this car?
be (well) wrth ding sth. (很)
be wrth + n. / 价钱
101. since 与fr
句子的谓语动词都用现在完成时。但since 译为“自从……以来”,后面接过去的某一时间点,
e.g. since last year 或接表示过去时间点的 从句 (从句中谓语是过去时), e.g. since I became a teacher
而fr 译为“达……之久”,通常接一段时间,e.g. fr tw years
注意:出现since / fr时间状语的句子的谓语动词必须是可持续性动词,如果是不可持续的动词,必
须先转换成意思相近的可持续性动词,e.g. leave --- be away (frm...), die --- be dead,
brrw / lend --- keep, buy --- have, begin / start --- be n, jin --- be in / a member f, becme --- be,
g / cme / arrive --- be in, turn n / ff --- be n / ff
102. in this way by the way n the way
in the way in a way
103. jin / take part in / be in
jin 接 ,e.g. jin the Party / club / rganizatin;
take part in / jin in通常接 ,e.g. take part in / jin in utdr activities, take an active part in ... 表示“ ”;
be in 接 。
104. prvide / supple / ffer 提供
prvide sb. sth. = prvide sth. sb.
ffer sb. sth. = ffer sth. sb. (双宾语) ffer t d
supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. sb.
can / can’t affrd sth. t d sth. 表示有/没有能力买某物或做某事
105. seem 三种用法:
seem + adj. ; seem + t d / be ; It seems that + 从句
106. wn / neself / by neself 自己
my wn bk 物主代词 + wn + 名词 “某人自己的”
neself / selves 反身代词,只能用于主语和宾语是相同的对象时当宾语或当主语或宾语的同位语,表
示强调,不能放在名词前当定语;
by neself 固定词组,表示“独自,靠自己”
107. prefer (ding) A t (ding) B = prefer t d A rather than (t) d B
= wuld A rather than d B = wuld rather d A than d B = like A better than B
108. deal with 近义词 = d with, 但是deal with 搭配的疑问词为hw, d with 搭配的疑问词为what。
109. 在词汇题和短文填词题中,有时要根据语境考虑到所给词的反义词,如:
pssible --- impssibleplite --- implitefair --- unfair
like --- dislike (不喜欢) like --- unlike (不像) happy --- unhappy,
healthy --- unhealthyfriendly --- unfriendly pleasant --- unpleasant,
cmfrtable --- uncmfrtable usual --- unusualcareful --- careless
helpful --- helpless hme --- hmeless useful --- useless
with --- withutsmething --- nthing
解题策略
语法题解题口诀:
一般疑问句与否定句
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①有助动词吗? = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②有情态动词吗? = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③有be动词吗? = 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④借助助动词,有借有还! = 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤要先看情,再
看助,无情无助再看be,三者皆无就要赞助(如助动词)
祈使句
肯定结构:V原 开头
e.g.:Open the dr. Be careful.
否定结构:Dn’t + V原
e.g.:Dn’t pen the dr. Dn’t be late.
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① 注意含有祈使句的两种句型:
祈使句,and + 陈述句,表顺接,and 解释为“那么”,e.g.:Study hard,and yu will succeed.
祈使句,r + 陈述句,表转折,r 解释为“否则”, e.g.:Get up early, r yu will be late.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② 注意祈使句和陈述句(动名词作主语)的辨析。
Get up early, please.(祈使句)
Getting up early is gd fr ur health.(陈述句)
感叹句
从句子的后面找,先找谓语动词和主语(可能被省略),把主谓括号之后,其前面位置如果是名词, 那
么选择what,再注意名词的数,单数名词 what a/an...的选择,如果前面位置是形容词或副词就用hw。
what 相当 such 的用法,hw相当于 s的用法
状语从句
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① 注意主, 从句的位置变化;(因为/所以,虽然/但是不能同时出现)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② 注意主从句时态的一致(时间, 条件, 让步状语从句主将从现的使用)
e.g.: Wrk hard, r yu will nt pass the exam. = If yu dn’t wrk hard, yu wn’t pass the exam.
宾语从句
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① 连词(陈述句 that,可省略;一般疑问句 if /whether;特殊疑问句,疑问词当连词);
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② 语序(主+谓);如果疑问词就是主语,则不必变语序;
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③ 时态(主过从过, 主现从不限);真理永远都是一般现在时
定语从句
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① 位置:跟在被修饰的先行词的后面;
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② 连词:根据先行词选择:sb. --- wh(主语, 宾语,但不能用于介词后),whm(宾语),that(不
能用于介词后;sth. --- which, that(不能用于介词后)
sb. / sth.--- whse + 名词 (只要先行词和从句中的名词间所属关系…的…)
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③ 连词wh / which / that 若在从句中当主语时,从句的谓语的单复数由前面的先行词的数量来决定。
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④ 特殊情况要记。如:当先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰时,连词只能用that
被动语态
初中阶段要求掌握四种形式的被动语态的结构:
1. 现在时is / am / are + dne 2. 过去时 was / were+ dne
3. 一般将来时 will + be dne 4. 情态动词 can /may /must... + be dne
注意:不是谓语动词表示被动只要过去分词。eg:a girl called Anna
注意:rf-
注意:German-
注意:can’t help (t) d( )
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