2022长沙长郡中学高一下学期基础学科知识竞赛英语试卷含解析

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长郡中学2022年高一基础学科知识竞赛
英 语
满分：150分 时量：120分钟
得分：
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？
A．£ 19.15． B．£ 9.18． C．£ 9.15．
答案是C。
1．How does the man usually go to school？
A．By bus． B．By taxi． C．By bike．
2．Which book does the woman like most？
A．Great Expectations． B．David Copperfield． C．Oliver Twist．
3．Why does the man get up late？
A．He doesn't have to work today．
B．He forgot to set an alarm clock．
C．He stayed up late last night．
4．When is the woman likely to buy a computer？
A．In September． B．In July． C．In June．
5．What are the speakers mainly talking about？
A．An interview． B．A job offer． C．A company．

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．How is the house usually heated？
A．By coal． B．By wood． C．By electricity．
7．What will the woman do next？
A．Buy a heater． B．Cook dinner． C．Make a phone call．
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What is the relationship between the speakers？
A．Co-workers． B．Friends． C．Strangers．
9．Why does the woman think the dog might be around？
A．She saw it walk past．
B．She heard it bark nearby．
C．She met it at her neighbor's．
10．What feature does the dog have？
A．It's large． B．It's yellow． C．It's spotted．
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．Where did the man's parents go？
A．To Britain． B．To France． C．To China．
12．What does the man think of tea？
A．He doesn't like it．
B．He thinks it's so-so．
C．He is interested in its history．
13．How does the woman drink her green tea？
A．With cream． B．With nothing． C．With sugar．
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．Where does the conversation probably take place？
A．In a studio． B．In a classroom． C．In a library．
15．How many countries celebrate Teachers' Day on October 5th？
A．About 15． B．Around 50． C．Over 100．
16．What does Amanda say about Teachers' Day in India？
A．It was suggested by a teacher．
B．It marks the birthday of its second president．
C．It was started to recognize teachers' hard work．
17．Which country celebrates Teachers' Day as a national holiday？
A．Singapore． B．America． C．Thailand．
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．Which place is fun for the whole family according to the speaker？
A．Big Ben．
B．The London Eye．
C．The London Science Museum．
19．What is the top 10 London attractions list based on？
A．The history of each place．
B．The number of visitors．
C．The size of each attraction．
20．What does the speaker ask listeners to do at the end？
A．Book online．
B．Wait in all queues patiently．
C．Visit during the low season．

第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
You know that classics like Little Women and To Kill a Mockingbird started as novels．But you probably didn't know that these other famous movies also came from books．
Hidden Figures
This film told the story of real-life Katherine Johnson and other female African-American mathematicians who helped drive the United States into space in the 1960s．It was actually based on a 2016 nonfiction book and the movie did increase sales of the book．
Forrest Gump
The 1994 movie which was based on the book by Winston Groom won six Academy Awards，including Best Picture and Best Actor for the star Tom Hanks．Although the movie is critical and box-office success gave the book a huge increase，it's the film that made its mark on pop culture history．
The Girl on the Train
Paula Hawkin's psychological thriller，about a woman on a train who thinks she sees something strange out of the window，was a huge success．But unlike the fast-paced，can't-be-put-down quality of the novel，the movie was boring．
Field of Dreams
It's hard to describe the plot of this movie：Ray Kinsella hears a voice telling him to build a baseball field in his Iowa cornfield，and what happens next explores the themes of lost dreams，childhood heroes，and healing the pain of the past．The 1989 movie is loyal to W．P．Kinsella's 1982 original，Shoeless Joe，but cuts out some extra characters．
21．Which is the best choice for a person who loves math？
A．Hidden Figures． B．Forrest Gump．
C．The Girl on the Train． D．Field of Dreams．
22．Who has won the Academy Award for Best Actor according to the text？
A．Kevin Costner． B．Winston Groom．
C．Tom Hanks． D．W．P．Kinsella．
23．What is special about Field of Dreams？
A．It is a romantic comedy．
B．It presents several themes．
C．It was released in 1982 for the first time．
D．It shows all the figures in Shoeless Joe．

B
Kwane Stewart stepped outside a convenience store and spotted a homeless man with a small dog sitting in the lap．Stewart，a vet at an animal shelter，noticed its scratched-off furs—signs of an allergic reaction to fleas（跳蚤）．He approached the man and offered to bring flea medications for the dog's skin，a gift the man readily accepted．“I remember returning a week later，and the hair was coming back，the red spots on its skin were gone，” Stewart told the Modesto Bee．The man said his dog was no longer staying up scratching and was sleeping well．“‘And you know，’ he said，‘I'm sleeping at night．’ He started to cry，and that got me choked up too，” Stewart said．Stewart was hooked．“When you give back，there is something you get in return that feels much larger．I knew I wanted to keep doing it，” he told medium．com．
Today，Stewart，50，has his own practice in town，yet he still finds time for street pets．He's helped roughly 400 animals since 2011，mostly dogs but also a few cats．
There's a strong need for his kind of help．About 25 percent of Modesto's homeless population own a pet，but there are few health-care options available to them．To fill that void，Stewart，using his free time，wanders dark alleyways and underpasses，anywhere he thinks the homeless might be camped out．He carries his medical bag，which contains treatments—vaccines，antibiotics，flea medications，and more．Stewart pays for almost all of it out of his own pocket．
For those expensive procedures，he set up a GoFundMe account to provide enough money for treatment．“I don't ever want to have to turn anybody away，” he explains．
He knows there are some people who question whether the homeless should even have pets．How can they care for them on the street？Stewart told the Bee，“I think that more than anybody，they need a pet．They love their pets probably more than the average person．”
24．What did Stewart do for the homeless man's dog？
A．He brought some medicine to it． B．He sent a unique gift to it．
C．He cured its allergy to dust． D．He scratched it to help it sleep well．
25．What does the underlined word “void” mean in Paragraph 3？
A．Time． B．Gap． C．Desire． D．Choice．
26．Why does Stewart set up GoFundMe for sick dogs？
A．To give free medical treatment． B．To offer a comfortable shelter．
C．To pay the cost of healthcare． D．To provide care and adoption．
27．Which of the following is a suitable title of the text？
A．The Homeless Dogs B．GoFundMe
C．Animal Shelters D．A Street Vet

C
One New Year’s Day，ecologist Rob Wolton came up with an unusual resolution-to spend the next 12 months studying a hedge（树篱）40 metres from his house in the middle of Devon．He wanted to make a list of every plant，animal and fungus（真菌）that used it．After a year of observations he had found 2，000 species—far more than he imagined．Wolton says he enjoyed it hugely and his findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that hedges should not be overlooked．
“There is increasing recognition that much of the wildlife finds shelter in the hedges．But they're much more than just wildlife passages-they are really important as habitats in their own right，” he says．The European commission's Joint Research Centre recently argued that as the climate crisis worsens，hedges are expected to play more roles as they move in response to environmental change．Their deep roots help sequester carbon（固碳），and they also reduce the likelihood of flooding downstream，suck nutrients and pollutants out of water，and prevent soil loss．Alongside these functions，there is a cultural benefit to hedges too—I think lots of us who live in England think of the hedge landscape as being quite typical，says Wolton．
After the Second World War many hedges were removed to create more productive land．Only about one in three hedges in England are in good condition，according to the most recent research done in 2017．
The main issues are hedges being cut too severely and too frequently，which leads to loss of wildlife and gaps．A squirrel，for example，will turn around if there is a gap of five metres．New hedges are being planted with single species，instead of many，which decrease the wildlife they can support．
It's hard to say if interest in hedges will translate into action on a national scale，and much depends on what landscape features Environmental Land Management scheme．
28．What is the significance of Wolton's study of the hedge？
A．It makes Wolton’s resolution come true．
B．It shows Wolton's fondness of the hedge．
C．It indicates the important role of the hedge．
D．It points out the number of animals and plants．
29．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about？
A．Hedges provide home for wildlife．
B．Hedges are used to fight climate crisis．
C．Hedges are a typical symbol of England．
D．Hedges have advantages in different aspects．
30．Why does the author mention “A squirrel" in Paragraph 4？
A．To show the diversity of wildlife in hedges．
B．To explain the bad effect of gaps in hedges．
C．To call for more species of plants in hedges．
D．To present what the loss of wildlife is like．
31．What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．The favorable policy on hedges is undecided．
B．Public attention in hedges will be intensified．
C．A national scale protection is soon under way．
D．Environmental Land Management will fund hedges．

D
Did you know roughly one third of food for human consumption goes to waste？Most of it is fresh fruits and vegetables that go bad．The produce dries out or goes bad，which has led scientists to develop ways of coating or sealing the food to keep it fresher for longer．Now research at Rice University reveals there might be a better way．
Scientists discovered that dipping produce like strawberries and bananas into an egg-based wash is remarkably good for preserving it．The coating is extremely thick，and made from a mixture of powdered egg whites and yolks（70%），and some wood-sourced cellulose（纤维素）to act as a barrier preventing water loss．
What the scientists found was that the egg-based wash made a significant difference in helping produce stay fresh over a two-week observation period．The appearance of the coated fruits and vegetables didn't change much，while the uncoated produce ripened and even rotted within the same time frame．The egg-based coating，as it turned out，reduced each fruit's chance to get exposed to oxygen．
The non-poisonous coating was found to be flexible and tests showed that it was just as tough as other products，including synthetic films（合成膜），used in produce packaging．For anyone with an egg allergy，the coating can be removed by thorough washing in water and is tasteless．
The scientists hope this could be a breakthrough in the fight against food waste．“Reducing food shortages in ways that are not related to genetic modification，uneatable coatings or chemical additives is important for better sustainable living，” said materials scientist and study author Pulickel Ajayan．
What's great about this discovery is that it fights food waste in more than one way：even the coating was made from eggs that would otherwise have been thrown away because they weren't fit for consumption．The researchers said roughly 200 million of US produced eggs go to waste annually．So if this were scaled up，it could be a win-win situation all around．
32．How does the egg-based wash help keep food fresh？
A．By making its coating less thick．
B．By limiting its oxygen exposure．
C．By removing its cellulose slowly．
D．By improving its absorbent ability．
33．Why is Pulickel Ajayan mentioned in the text？
A．To stress the seriousness of food shortage．
B．To show the significance of the discovery．
C．To offer the method of cutting food waste．
D．To give brief description of the research．
34．What is the researchers' attitude towards the application of this discovery？
A．Optimistic． B．Doubtful． C．Cautious． D．Indifferent．
35．What is the text mainly about？
A．How to use eggs creatively． B．A breakthrough in technology．
C．How to recycle food waste． D．A new way to preserve food．

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Covid-19 pandemic has forced millions of us to participate in one of the biggest social experiments of our time：what would happen if office workers largely abandoned their workplaces and began working from home？__36__
One thing seems clear：more people working remotely has brought some benefits for the environment．Wildlife has been able to reclaim urban spaces while people have been tapping away at their home keyboards，with less commuter（通勤者）traffic．
__37__ The major benefits of home working include people having more flexibility to do jobs around their family，and balance exercise and leisure time，thus being able to wear whatever they like，controlling their own heating and lighting and not having to commute．
Many people have also been able to get more done while working remotely．__38__ “There used to be a lot of resistance to working from home because managers thought employees would just goof off and watch soap operas，but there's a lot more trust now，” says Sue Williamson at the University of New South Wales in Canberra，Australia．
__39__ Many people forced to work from home have reported feeling isolated and finding it harder to switch off due to the unclear boundary between work and home life．__40__ This is probably because it's hard to get those accidental conversations between people that spark ideas when everyone is physically separated．
As vaccines help to control Covid-19，many organizations are hoping to reap the best of both worlds by letting employees work from home on some days and travel to the office on others．
A．But what about the benefits to people？
B．More than 2 years in，it is time to reflect．
C．After a severe period，there is no turning back．
D．However，the experiment hasn't been all positive．
E．It is time to reset and rethink how we actually work．
F．Many managers have also reported declines in innovation．
G．The productivity level is found to rise as they work from home．

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a freezing cold winter night．Eric，a ten-year-old boy，__41__ his father，Will，to their car in the parking lot．They were eager to get into the car to escape the__42__ night．But as they reached the car，Eric __43__ a man lying on a shabby blanket．“He was about to __44__ in the freezing cold，" said Eric．Will went over to the man to see if he was __45__，and also gave him about $ 20，hoping he could __46__ a new and warm blanket．
But over the next week Eric couldn't __47__ the feeling that he hadn't done enough．For the first time he realized that there were lots of other homeless people without a __48__ bed．Eric told his parents he wanted to buy the homeless man a __49__ but then he discovered this wasn't possible．“I wanted to do more to help the man with my own money，” he said．
The fifth grader didn't want to __50__ there，so with his parents and little sister helping out，he decided to make 50 care packs with __51__ like toothbrushes and bottled water．Then the family __52__ the bags to Bass Services，an organization helping the homeless．Since then，Eric has created more than 1，000 care packs and __53__ almost $ 5，000 on a website．It's become a family affair．
“My mission is to show people that someone __54__ them，” says Eric．“Everyone should be __55 __．”
41．A．helped B．forced C．raced D．showed
42．A．dark B．cold C．boring D．frightening
43．A．remembered B．noticed C．shocked D．saved
44．A．beg B．work C．sleep D．study
45．A．safe B．sad C．shy D．strong
46．A．borrow B．buy C．make D．return
47．A．share B．express C．understand D．shake
48．A．warm B．big C．single D．solid
49．A．car B．hamburger C．house D．backpack
50．A．stop B．complain C．search D．avoid
51．A．tools B．goods C．presents D．necessities
52．A．sold B．lent C．donated D．advertised
53．A．spent B．earned C．borrowed D．raised
54．A．connects with B．cares about C．looks for D．depends on
55．A．loved B．satisfied C．generous D．popular

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
After winning a precious silver medal at the 2006 Turin（都灵）Winter Olympics，pairs skater Zhang Dan became a household name in China and1 __56__（continue）to work in the sport since retiring from competition．
With the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics __57__（draw）near，the country is starting __58__ exciting new era in its winter sports journey，of which Zhang Dan feels surely proud．
“__59__（final），this year，we have this wonderful opportunity __60__（host）the Beijing Winter Olympics．As a part of the Chinese ice and snow sports community，I'm so proud and excited to welcome the __61__（arrive）of Beijing 2022．I have witnessed China's winter sports go from strength to strength through the years，” said Zhang Dan．
The most memorable moment of Zhang Dan's career could __62__（consider）a perfect representation of the Olympic spirit．
Partnering with Zhang Hao at the 2006 Turin Games，Zhang Dan injured __63__（she）in a fall as the pair narrowly failed to do a quadruple salchow（四周抛跳），a jump __64__ had never before been landed in competition．Rather than quitting，however，Zhang Dan skated through the pain to finish the program and won the silver medal．
Zhang Dan notes that experience has had a huge influence __65__ her life，encouraging her to “be braver and directly face any difficulties with that Olympic spirit”．Now she hopes her story can inspire China's young athletes at Beijing 2022．

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
你校近期举办了心理健康周活动（Psychological Health Week）。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，要点包括：
1．活动目的；
2．活动内容；
3．活动意义。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。















第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Belinda，like many of my students，had grown up “street smart”，with very little use for schools and books．On the first day of school，she called Rory a very bad word，so I kept her in at break．I made her wash all the desks and pick up all the garbage lying around．“That'll teach her，” I thought．Belinda，though，was smarter than me．“I like cleaning，Mrs．Brassell，” she said． “Can I do this every day？”
On the third day，I caught Belinda fighting with Jose．I walked over to their table and asked what the problem was．“She keeps calling me a bad word，” Jose said．Belinda wrote standards after school while I gave her another lecture on behavior．The next day，I caught her fighting with Jose again．I shouted angrily across the room to ask why they were fighting．Again，Jose accused Belinda of calling him a bad word．Belinda had finally earned a home visit．I told her that I would walk her home after school and talk to her mother in person．
And for the first time all the week，Belinda became silent．For the rest of the day，she sat still in her chair，even with kids teasing her．“It's not going to work，young lady．” I told her，“You already earned a walk home，and behaving now isn't going to change that．”
When the final bell sounded，I took Belinda by the hand，and we began the two-block walk to her house．Belinda took me through the gate to her yard and she went inside to get her mother while I waited outside．
“Where have you been，girl？” a voice screamed．Babies cried loudly inside．
“My teacher's here，” Belinda said softly，and I still couldn't see inside through the front door．
“Hello!” a deep voice barked．Then the door opened，and a bare and miserable room with broken windows came into view．A rather skinny，short woman walked out．
“Uh，I'm Mrs．Brassell，Belinda's teacher．”
“What'd she done this time？”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I suddenly decided to try a different way．







The next day at school，Belinda gave me a big hug．