初中英语语法第1集 名师讲解+中考真题欣赏+配套练习题 构词法 名词 冠词

这是一份初中英语语法第1集 名师讲解+中考真题欣赏+配套练习题 构词法 名词 冠词，共29页。试卷主要包含了 名词的数， 名词的种类， 名词的格等内容，欢迎下载使用。

构词法 名词 冠词
构词法（wrd-frmatin）
构词法（wrd-frmatin）——分为转换、派生、合成
转换：常用于动词和名词之间的转换
1)不改变读音、重度音节，只转换单词词性
e. g.
2）有些双音节词，作名词时，第一个音节重度；作动词时，第二个音节重度
e. g. 名词 动词
'increase /'inkri: s/ 增加 in'crease /in'kri: s/增加
3）有些词可以用读音变化改变词性
e. g. excuse /iks'kju: s/（名）歉意；道歉；借口 excuse /iks'kju: z/（动）原谅
4）有些形容词可以转化为动词
e. g. He slwed dwn at the crssrad./ Please warm up the cld meat.
派生
前缀：加前缀一般不改变词类，而只是改变原词的词义
构成反义词的前缀
dis- disagree disappear dislike
im- implite impssible
un- unable uncertain unhappy
一些表示特定意思的前缀
dwn 往下 dwnlad
kil 千 kilmetre
man 人，由人 man-made
mis 错误地 mistake misunderstand
re 重新，再次 rebuild retell
可以改变词性的前缀
加在名词前构成形容词或副词 asleep abard aside
en- 加在名词或形容词前构成动词 encurage enable enrich
后缀：加后缀一般改变词性
名词后缀
-an African American
-er dancer driver reprter
-ing feeling reading
-in actin decisin
-ment develpment gvernment
-ness happiness sadness
-r actr visitr
-tin inventin prnunciatin
-ure failure pleasure
②形容词后缀
-an American African
-en glden wden
-ese Chinese Japanese
-ful beautiful hpeful useful
-ive active expensive
-less careless endless useless
-ly friendly
-us nervus dangerus
-y dirty rainy
③副词后缀 -ly carefully happily clearly
④数词后缀 -teen thirteen -ty twenty -th fifth
合成
合成名词
词加名词 basketball
形容词加名词 blackbard
动词-ing形式+另一词 dining-rm
合成形容词
形容词+动词-ing形式 hard-wrking
形容词+过去分词 kind-hearted
名词+过去分词 man-made
名词+动词-ing形式 man-eating peace-lving
合成动词
词+动词 water-ski
副词+动词 vereat vercme
③ 形容词/副词+动词 white-wash
合成副词、代词
合成副词 upstairs befrehand
合成代词 myself everything
其他构词法 1）缩短法 telephne—phne
2）前后各截部分 refrigeratr—fridge
3）缩写法
****************************************************************结束
名词（Nuns）
一、 名词的数：名词复数的构成规则
规则复数变化
多数在词尾加-s
以s, x,ch, sh结尾的名词加-es e. g. match—matches
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，改y为i，再加-es e. g. stry—stries
以f，fe结尾的名词，一般把f，fe改为v，再加-es e. g. leaf—leaves
但也有只加-s e. g. rf—rfs
④ 以结尾的名词，多数加-es e. g. her—heres
但也有只加-s e. g. pian—pians
注：以 结尾的名词，我们可按下面一条规律来记住它们的复数形式： 指人和农作物的加 -es、其他的加 -s. （或者是有生命的加 -es，无生命的加 -s）
不规则变化
①名词单复数同形 e. g. sheep, deer, fish
②单词拼写中变化元音字母 e. g. man—men tth—teeth
③有些是用-en做词尾构成复数形式 e. g. child—children x—xen
④表示某国人的单词，单复数形式分为三种：
A.单复数相同 a Chinese—five Chinese
B.词尾加-s an American—seven Americans
C. 变-man为-men an Englishman—ten Englishmen
复合名词的复数形式
1.将复合名词中的主题名词变为复数形式 e. g. new-cmer—new-cmers
2.没有主题名词的，则在词尾加-s e. g. grwn-up—grwn-ups
3.以man或wman开头的复合词，名词都要变为复数形式
e. g. man-dctr—men-dctrs
4.其他合成的词，只把最后一个词变为复数 eg. by friend—by friends
5.由两部分组成的物体名词和其他一些名词常用复数形式
e. g. trusers, clthes, scissrs
6.专有名词一般为不可数名词，但是表示某姓一家或夫妇和同名同姓若干时，用复数
e. g. The Brwns have gne t the cinema.
7.在做定语的合成词中，名词要用单数形式
e. g. an eighty-three-year-ld grandpa
8.以-s结尾的专有名词有两种情况
A. 表示国家、报纸等名词看做单数 e. g. the United States
B. 表示群岛、山脉、瀑布、奥运会等专有名词看做复数，谓语也用复数形式
e. g. The Alps are in Eurpe.
名词复数词尾加-s或-es的读音规则如下表
二、 名词的种类： 普通名词——个体名词，集体名词（可数）
物质名词，抽象名词（不可数）
专有名词
普通名词是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名词
个体名词：表示单个的人或物
e. g. tree树 dctr医生 cup杯子 apple苹果
表示一群人或一些事物的总称
e. g. crwd人群 army军队 class班级 family家庭 grup小组，团队
plice警方 team队 public公众
物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质
e. g. tea茶 paper纸 snw雪 clth布 wd木头
sugar糖 meat肉 sand沙 ink墨水 cffee咖啡
抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等方面的抽象概念
e. g. happiness幸福 wrk工作 music音乐 experience经历
pride骄傲 failure失败 prtectin保护
专有名词
3） 可数名词和不可数名词
①可数名词：其所表示的事物可以用数来计算，前面可用不定冠词a，an和数词，有复数形式
②不可数名词：其所表示的事物不可以用数来计算，前面不能用不定冠词a，an和数词，没有复数形式。需表示数量时， 表示量的词或短语
a piece f 一片，一块 a cup f一杯 a bttle f一瓶
a bag f一袋 a glass f一玻璃杯
1、 只用于可数的名词
个体名词一般是可数的。单数可数名词不能独立使用，前面必须有限定词a，an，the，my等；但复数名词可以独立使用
e. g. 她做作业时，经常出差错。
错 She ften makes mistake in her hmewrk.
对 She ften makes a mistake in her hmewrk.
对 She ften makes (sme) mistakes in her hmewrk.
Pandas are fund in Sichuan.熊猫生在四川。
2、 只用于不可数名词
物质名词、抽象名词一般是不可数名词
e. g. Hw much meat, fish and bread d yu want?
既可以用于可数也可以用于不可数的名词
一些名词看做个体时为可数名词，看做物质或空间时为不可数名词
e. g. Hw many chickens have they gt? 她们有多少只鸡？（个体）
Wuld yu like sme chicken? 你要吃点鸡肉吗？（物质）
e. g. Leave a space after that wrd. 在那个词后面留个空。（个体）
The mn is quite near in space. 在太空中月亮离我们很近。（空间）
一些不可数名词在表示某些特殊意义时，可以用作可数名词
e. g. I want an evening paper.我要一张晚报。
It's a pleasure t meet yu.见到你是件高兴的事。
4、集体名词的可数与不可数
1）表示无生命的集体名词通常是不可数的
e. g. They wear very little clthing.他们衣服穿得很少。
注：hair泛指头发/fruit泛指水果等，是集体名词，不可数；如果指单个的则是个体名词
e. g. G and have yur hair cut.去把头发理一理。
He has a few white hairs.他有几根白头发。
2）有些有生命的集体名词，复数词尾不加s，而谓语动词用复数形式
e. g. The Chinese peple are very friendly.中国人民很友好。
注：当peple意为“民族”时，单数前加不定冠词a，复数后加s；
pliceman指具体某个警察时为个体名词，可数的。
5、有的集合名词，有时作单数看，谓语用单数；有时作复数看，用复数。一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，提及它的成员时作复数看。
e. g. His family isn't large.他家不大。（指整个家庭，作单数看）
His family are all music lvers.他家的人都喜欢音乐。（指家庭成员，作复数看）
三、 名词的格
名词所有格的构成法
在单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词后面加“'s”
e. g. my mther's rm the children's bk
以s结尾的单数名词后面加“'”或“'s”均可 e. g.my bss'/bss's ffice
以s结尾的复数名词后只需加“'”
e. g. the ladies' rm
复合名词的所有格，是在后面的一个名词后加“'s”
e. g. an hur and a half's talk
his brther-in-law's pht
如果一样东西为几个人所共有，则在最后一个名词后加's；如果不是共有，则在每个名词后都加's
e. g. These are Tm and Jack's bks.（两个人共有）/These are Tm's and Jack's bks.
名词所有格的用法
名词所有格主要用于表示人或有生命的名词
用于由人组成的集体名词 e. g. the Party's call党的号召
也可用于一些表示无生命东西的名词后
A、用于表示时间的名词
e. g. It was a summer's mrning.
B、用于表示距离、价格的名词后
e. g. It's abut an hur's drive frm here.
C、用于表示国家、城市等地方的名词
e. g. It's the city's finest park.
名词所有格所修饰词的省略
表示住处、店铺等地点名词常可省略
e. g. I'm ging t my aunt's tnight.(my aunt's=my aunt's huse)
所有格所修饰的词，如刚刚提到则可以省略，以避免重复
e. g.—Whse seat is this? —It's Mary's.
表示所有关系的f短语的用法
用f短语表示所有关系，主要用于无生命的东西
e. g. the dr f the rm
有时f短语也可以用于表示有生命的东西
e. g. the sn f an engineer
双重所有格的用法
双重所有格是一种表示部分概念或含有感情色彩的结构，它含有强调或者突出的作用，其结构是“f短语+名词所有格”，其含义是“其中之一”或“其中一部分”
e. g. an ld friend f my father's=ne f my father's ld friends
注：有时双重所有格与“f+名词”结构含义不同，
e. g. a picture f Li's 李所有照片的一张
a picture f Li 李的一张肖像
He is a friend f yur husband's.他是你丈夫的一个朋友。（强调你丈夫的朋友不止一个）
He is a friend f yur husband.他是你丈夫的朋友。（强调他对你丈夫的友好）
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2012中考真题欣赏
【2012湖北随州】
21. The _____ ften eat grass n the hill.
A. chickenB. hrseC. cwD. sheep
【答案】D
【解析】选D。此题考查名词的可数与不可数。Chicken，hrse和cw的复数形式应该加s,而sheep的单复数形式相同，同时动词eat说明应该填复数形式，由此选D。
【2012贵州贵阳】
34. “What d we need fr the salad?” “We need tw apples and three ______.”
A. range B. tmates C. brccli
【答案】B
考查名词的用法。range意为“橘子”，是可数名词；tmat意为“西红柿”，是可数名词；brccli意为“西兰花”，是不可数名词。根据句意：你们的沙拉还需要些什么？我们需要两个苹果和三个西红柿。故选B.
【2012贵州毕节】
28. —I have ______ in learning English and I'm s wrried. Culd yu help me with it?
—Sure, I'd lve t.
A. jyB. interestC. trubleD. fun
【答案】C考查名词的辨析。jy“快乐”；interest“兴趣”；truble“困难”；fun“有趣”。根据“我很担心”以及“你可以帮助我吗”可知此处表示“我英语学习有困难”，故选C。
【2012.安徽省】
46. The man tried several times t start the car, and he succeeded______.
A. in the pastB. in the endC. at firstD. at nce
【答案】B
【2012广东】
28. The students f Grade 7 visited Mike's farm and saw many_____ there.
A. birdB. duckC. sheepD. Rabbit
【答案】C
【2012广西玉林】
32. The Internet is very useful. We can get a lt f ___________ frm it.
A. thingB. messageC. infrmatinsD. infrmatin
【答案】D
【2012广西玉林】
36. —What is yur favrite fd?
—I like ______ best. I had a large bwl last night.
A. ptat ndleB. ptates ndlesC. ptat ndlesD. ptates ndles
【答案】C
【2012贵州安顺】
12. Culd yu please give sme _____ t the _____ teachers?
A. advice; manB. advices; men
C. suggestin; manD. suggestins; men
【答案】D
【2012贵州毕节】
22. —Culd yu please pass me smething t eat?
—What abut sme ______?
A. waterB. rangeC. fishD. tea
【答案】C 考查名词的辨析。water“水”；range“橘子汁；桔子”；fish“鱼”；tea“茶”。根据smething t eat可以判断属于吃的东西只有fish，故选C。
【2012贵州铜仁】
25. —Culd yu tell me what's the ___ f it?— Well, it's an val.
A. timeB. dateC. shapeD. size
【答案】C
【解析】此题考查词义辨析。time“时间”，date“日期”，shape”形状”，his“尺寸”，
根据答句句意：它是一个椭圆。故问句应该是问形状的。故选C。
【解析】此题考查数词。根据句意：今年大约五分之三的九年级学生出生在九十年代。
分数的分子用基数词，分母为序数词。分子不是一的，分母序数词加S。表示年代的要在后面加“s”。故选B。
【2011湖北恩施】
21. —Hw far is it frm yur hme t schl?
—It's abut twenty ______ walk.
A. minute'sB. minutes'C. minutes
【答案】B
【2012湖北十堰】
28. Here's Lucy's plan fr ne week during her summer vacatin. What kind f plan is this?
A. A trip plan
B. A party plan
C. An eating plan
D. An exercise plan
【答案】C
【2012·湖北·武汉】
33. If by any chance Peter cmes t us ,please ask him t leave a _____.
A. letter B. sentenceC. message D. ntice
【答案】C
【2012湖北咸宁】
23.─Mrs. Zhang was sent t teach English in a pr muntain village last year.
─She said she wuld never frget sme pleasant ______while wrking there.
A. experimentsB. expressinsC. experiencesD. emtins
【答案】C
【2012湖北孝感】
24. I think cmputers are very useful. They can help us get much n the Internet.
A. gameB. infrmatinC. ideaD. message
【答案】B
【2012湖北孝感】
25. Several years ag, peple knew Ya Ming. But nw he is well-knwn all ver the wrld, nt nly in China.
A. fewB. littleC. manyD. mst
【答案】A
【2012湖北宜昌】
31. —D yu knw the f the Cnfucius Institutes（学院）arund the wrld?
—Mre than three hundred, I guess.
A. listB. nameC. numberD. cuntry
【答案】C
【2012湖北宜昌】
32. —China is beginning t test the air quality with the new standard（标准）PM2.5.
—Gd news! Then the ld PM10 standard will be ___________.
A. ut f styleB. here and thereC. n the wayD. in a hurry
【答案】A
【2012湖南怀化】
【答案】A
【2011湖南株洲】
22. Bananas, apples and ranges are all ____________.
A. fruits B. vegetables C. drinks
【答案】A
考查名词辨析。fruits意为“水果”；vegetables意为“蔬菜”；drinks意为“饮料”。根据句意“香蕉苹果和橘子都是水果。”故选A。
【2012江苏淮安】
7. Lin Shuha is ne f the best basketball in NBA.
A. actrsB. playersC. waitersD. writers
【答案】B
【2012江苏南京】
3. -----Culd yu tell me hw t remember new wrds quickly?
------Yes, I think a ___________tree can help yu a lt.
A. grammarB. equatinC. punctuatinD. vcabulary
【答案】D
【2012江苏无锡】
1. The actin film has attracted millins f yung peple t the cinema.
A. 130-minuteB. 130-minutesC. 130 minuteD.130 minutes
【答案】A
【2012江苏无锡】
9.— Jasn is t stubbrn smetimes.
— I quite . But he's always friendly t thers.
A. acceptB. argueC. agreeD. admire
【答案】C
【2012江苏无锡】
12.Man's understanding f nature is develping . It never stays at the same level.
A. at the right timeB. fr the first time
C. frm time t timeD. all the time
【答案】D
【2012江苏宿迁】
8. —Where can I buy sme bks, Simn?
—G t the___________in the shpping mall in Old Street. Yu will find many bks there.
A. restaurantB. bkshpC. cinemaD. library
【答案】B
【2012江苏扬州】
4.—Wish yu a pleasant jurney!
— Thanks! I'll give yu a as sn as I arrive in Paris.
A. ringB. handC. rideD. present
【答案】A
【2012江苏扬州】
5. We all knw that paper burns in ___________.
A. COB. NC. OD. CO
【答案】C
【2012江苏镇江】
10. - Mr Li was sent t teach Chinese in an American high schl last year.
- Yes, I knw. He tld me he wuld never frget his pleasant ____ while wrking there,
A. experiments B. expressins
C. experiences D. explratins
【答案】C
【2012江西】
27. If yu g t visit Lndn, dn't frget yur _______ because it rains a lt.
A. passprtB. mneyC. mapD. unbrella
【答案】D
【2012辽宁大连】10.The ____ f the great bk, The Adventures f Tm Sawyer, is Mark Twain..
A. themeB. priceC. wnerD. writer
【答案】D
【2012辽宁大连】6.Liu Xiang wn the first Olympic gld ____ in the 110m hurdles fr China.
A. medal B. prize
C. symbl D. recrd
【答案】A
【2012年广东省】
28. The students f Grade 7 visited Mike's farm and saw many _____there.
A. birdB. duckC. sheepD. rabbit
【答案】C
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配套练习题及答案
选择填空：
1. I want t buy ________.
A. tw bttles f ink B. tw bttle f ink
C. tw bttle f inks D. tw bttles f inks
2. They dn't have t d _______ tday.
A. much hmewrk B. many hmewrks
C. many hmewrk D. much hmewrks
3. The ______ f machine made us feel sick.
A. vice B. nise
C. sund D. nises
4. The bluse is made f ________.
A. a wlB. these wdC. wlsD. wl
5. There are three ______ and seven ______ in the picture.
A. cws, sheeps B. cws, sheep
C. cw, sheep D. cw, sheeps
6. June 1 is _______.
A. children's day B. children's Day
C. Children's Day D. Children's day
7. ______ rm is next t their parents'.
A. Kate's and Jan's B. Kate's and Jan
C. Kate and Jan's D. Kate and Jan
8. Miss Green is a friend f _______.
A. Mary's mther's B. Mary's mther
C. Mary mther's D. mther's f Mary
9. Tm is ______. He will cme t see me.
A. my a friend B. a friend
C. mine friend D. a friend f mine
10. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ als white.
A. is, are B. are, is
C. is, is D. are, are
11. I'd like t have a glass f milk and _______.
A. tw breads B. tw pieces f breads
C. tw pieces f bread D. tw piece f bread
12. It's a lng ______ t Paris. It's tw thusand kilmeters.
A. street B. rad
C. way D. end
13. Many ______ are singing ver there.
A. wman B. wmen
C. girl D. child
14. He bught _______.
A. tw pairs f shes B. tw pair f shes
C. tw pairs f she D. tw pair f she
15. Mr. White has three _______.
A. child B. children
C. childs D. childrens
16. Beijing is ne f the biggest _______ in the wrld.
A. citys B. city
C. cityes D. cities
17. --- Where's Mr. White? --- He's in _______.
A. the rm 202 B. Rm 202
C. the Rm 202 D. rm 202
18. Shps, hspitals and schls are all _______.
A. places B. hmes
C. rms D. buildings
19. Every mrning Mr. Smith takes a _______ t his ffice.
A. 20 minutes' walks B. 20 minute's walk
C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk
20. ---Are these ______? --- N, they aren't. They're _______.
A. sheep, cws B. sheep, cw
C. sheeps, cw D. sheeps, cws
21. There are many ______ in the fridge.
A. fish B. fruit
C. eggs D. bread
22. --- Whse rm is this? --- It's _______.
A. Li Ming B. Li Ming's
C. Li Mings D. Li Mings'
23. Here are ______ fr yu, Sue.
A. ptats B. sme ptates
C. three tmats D. sme tmat
24. Here are sme birthday cards with ur best ______ fr her.
A. wish B. hpe
C. wishes D. hpes
25. I always g t that ______ t buy fd n Sunday.
A. shp B. park
C. z D. garden
26. What's the Chinese fr “ PRC”?
A. 中国人民解放军 B. 中华人民共和国
C. 联合国 D. 中国共产党
27. Sam gave Ann sme _______ t lk after Plly while he was away.
A. picture-bks B. inventins
C. instructins D. messages
28. --- Which f the fllwing animals lives nly in China? --- The ________.
A. mnkey B. elephant
C. panda D. cat
29. ______ rm is n the 5th flr.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily's
C. Lucy's and Lily D. Lucy's and Lily's
30. The third mnth f the year is _______.
A. March B. January
C. February D. April
31. Mum, I'm quite thirsty. Please give me ________.
A. tw range B. tw bttle f ranges
C. tw bttles f range D. tw bttles f ranges
32. Hw wnderful! The ______ is made f _______.
A. huse, glass B. huse, glasses
C. huses, glass D. huses, glasses
33. I met sme ______ in the park and talked with them the ther day.
A. Janpaneses B. American
C. Chineses D. English
34. _______ is the best time fr planting trees.
A. Summer B. Winter
C. Spring D. Autumn
35. Tm was badly hurt in the match. They carried him t the ______ as quickly as pssible.
A. bank B. pst ffice
C. shp D. hspital
36. There are tw ______ in the rm.
A. shelf B. shelfs
C. shelfes D. shelves
37. There are seven ______ in a week.
A. years B. mnths
C. days D. minutes
38. My father is a ______. He wrks in a hspital.
A. teacher B. dctr
C. farmer D. writer
39. It's very cld tday. Why dn't yu put n yur ______?
A. watch B. shirt
C. sweater D. glasses
40. --- Excuse me, are yu ______? --- Yes, I'm frm ________.
A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese
C. England, English D. American, America
41. They tk a lt f _______ in the children's park.
A. pht B. phtes
C. phts D. the pht
42.There is _______ in the bttle.
A. n any range B. nt a range
C. nt any range D. n ranges
43. Maths _______ an imprtant subject taught in the middle schl.
A. are B. is
C. was D. were
44. There are mre ______ in this hspital than in that ne.
A. wman dctrs B. wmen dctr
C. wmen's dctr D. wmen dctrs
45. The ________ eat a lt f rice.
A. Japan peple B. Japanese
C. Japaneses D. peple f Japanese
46. Tw ___ and five _______ are studying Chinese at Beijing University.
A. German, English B. Germans, English
C. Germans, Englishmen D. Germen, Englishmen
47. Then the ______ began t eat the green ______ f yung trees.
A. deer, leafs B. deer, leaves
C. deer, leaf D. deers, leafs
48. Wuld yu like _____ ?
A. sme rice B. any rice
C. sme rices D. any rices
49. Dn't hurry! We still have _______ time left.
A. little B. few
C. a little D. a few
50. These muntains will be cvered with tree in ______ .
a few year's time B. a few years' time
C. a few year's times D. a few years' times
参考答案
1-5AABDB 6-10 CCADB 11-15 CCBAB
16-20 DBDDA 21-25 CBBCA 26-30 BCCBA
31-35 CADCD 36-40 DCBCD 41-45 CCBDB
46-50 CBACB
*****************************************************************结束
第三章 冠词（Articles）
不定冠词的用法
a 、an与数词ne 同源，是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前，而an则用于元音音素前。
(1) 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。
I gave him a bk yesterday .我昨天给了他一本书。
(2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。
A hrse is useful t mankind. 马对人类有用。
(3) 不定冠词用在事物的"单位"前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 "每一"。
We ften g t schl tw times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。
(4) 不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。
A by came t see yu a mment ag. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。
(5)在序数词前表示"又一;再一"时。如:
I want t read the stry a secnd time 我想再读一遍这篇小说。
(6) 表示不特定的"某一个"时。如:
A Mr. Smith is calling n the phne. 有一位史密斯先生来电话找你 。
(7) 在特定的短语里表示特定的含义，与不可数名词连用，
如：have a gd time过得高兴
(8) 一日三餐前有修饰语时。如:
-Mum, what shall we have fr lunch? -Jiazi.
-Oh, what a wnderful lunch! I enjy it very much.
(9) 在形容词最高级前表示"非常"时。如：
Lessn Nine is a mst difficult lessn, but it isn't the mst difficult One.
(10)不定冠词用于某些词组中。 a little / a few / a lt / a type f / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a wrd / in a shrt while / after a while / have a cld /have a try / keep an eye n / all f a sudden
定冠词的用法
定冠词the与指示代词this, that, these, thse同源，有"那（这）个" "这（那）些"的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。以下为必须加定冠词的情形:
(1)在表示双方都明白的人或物的名词之前：Take the medicine.
(2)在上文提到过的人或事的名称之前：
He bught a huse. I've been t the huse.
(3)在指世上独一无二的事物的名词之前： the sun， the sky， the mn， the earth
(4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：The fx is cunning .狐狸是狡猾的。
(5)与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。
(6)用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词nly，very，same等前面
e. g. Where d yu live? I live n the secnd flr.
(7)在表示"...世纪...年代"的结构之前 He began t learn Russian in the 1950s.
但注意:in ne's 50s意为"在某人五十多岁时"。如:He lked quite healthy thugh he was in his 80s.
(8)在比较级的两种句型中:
① 表示"越 ,就越"时。如: The lighter, the better. 越轻越好 。
② 表示"两者中比较..."时,用定冠词。
如: There are tw bks n the table. I like the thicker ne.
(9)用在"动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位名称"的结构中(注意:介词常用in/n/by)。
如: The ball hit me n the back.
(10) 在表示"计量单位"的可数名词前(注意:介词用by)。
如：The wrkers are paid by the hur/day/mnth.
(11)用在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前：
the Great Wall(长城)，the Peple's Park(人民公园)等。
(12)用在表示乐器的名词之前：
She plays the pian. / The little girl likes t play the vilin.
(13)定冠词用在文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。
They are ging t the cinema tnight.
(14)用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：
the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)
(15)在方位名词之前 ，如：in the west n the west
(16)在某些短语中 in the day, in the mrning (afternn，evening), the day after tmrrw ,the day befre yesterday, the next mrning, in the sky(water，field，cuntry), in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (f), in the end, n the whle, by the way, g t the theatre
三、零冠词（不用定冠词）
(1) 在物质名词前，如：Water is very imprtant . 水是非常重要的 。
(2) 在抽象名词前，如：Failure is the mther f success. 失败乃成功之母。
(3) 复数名词表示人或物的种类时，如：Dctrs cure patients. 医生治病救人 .
(4) 在有关游戏的名词前，如：D yu like t play chess? 你喜欢下棋吗 ?
(5) 在"by + 交通工具"的短语里，
如：Shall we walk r g by bus?
我们乘车还是步行 ?
(6) 在国名，人名和地名前通常不用定冠词，如 ：England，Mary；
(7) 在年份、季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；
We g t schl frm Mnday t Friday.
我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
(8)在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；
The guards tk the American t General Lee.
士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
(9)在三餐、球类运动的名称前，不加冠词。如：have breakfast，play chess
(10) 在某些固定词组中，是否有冠词，意义不同。如：
in hspital住院，in the hspital在医院里 in bed在卧床 ，in the bed在床上
in frnt f在（外）前面，in the frnt f 在（内）前部
g t hspital 去医院看病 g t the hspital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)
泛指用a/ an，单数可数；特指用the，不特不the
释：1）泛指用a/ an，单数可数——泛指的单数可数名词前要用a/ an。
2）特指用the——如果是特指，那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均要用the。
3）不特不the——不特指则不用the，包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a/ an，泛指的可数名词复数前不用冠词，泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词三种情况
定冠词：特指双熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，序数最高级，某些专有名，习语及乐器。
（1）the用在“特指”谈话双方都知道的某个人或某些人或物前。如：Where is the teacher？
（2）the用在上文已提到的人或事物前。
如：I can see a cat. The cat is Lucy's.
（3）the用在世界上独一无二的事物前。
如：The earth ges arund the sun.地球围绕着太阳转。
（4）the用在序数词或形容词最高级前。
如：Mike is the tallest f the three bys.
（5）the用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
如：the Great Wall
（6）the用在一些习惯用语中或乐器名词前。
如：in the day，play the pian
不用冠词：代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数，复数名词表泛指，学科球类三餐饭，季节星期月份前，颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。
********************
2012中考真题欣赏
【2012 铜仁】
1. —Be careful ! There is _____dg lying n the grund.—Thanks a lt.
A. aB. anC. theD. /
【2012 安顺】
2.——_____ is yur mther?
—— She is _____ English teacher.
A. Wh; theB. What; /C. What; anD. Wh; a
【2012 遵义】
3. —Mum, where are my shes?
—They're in _________ black bx under the bed.
A. a B. an C. The
【2012 黔西南】
4. ______ girl riding a bike is ________ university student.
A. A; anB. The; anC. A; theD. The; a
【2012达州】
5. —What cld weather！
—Yes. But it's ___________ unusual experience fr us, we nrmally live in a ht place.
A. /; aB. a; anC. / ; anD. a; the
【2012连云港】
6.----Is Mr. Franc Hllande __________ hnest and capable man?
---- Yes. And that is why he was chsen ____________ president f France .
A. a ; aB. an ; \C. the ; theD. a ; \
【2012苏州】
7. In rder t find ___ better jb, she planned t learn ___ secnd freign language.
A. the； aB. a； aC. the； theD. a； the
【2012株洲】
8. This is ______ stry-bk. It was written by Yang Hngying.
A. the B. a C. an
【2012毕节】
9. —Wh's that girl?
—Yu mean ______ ne with lng blnd hair? That's Jack's daughter.
A. aB. anC. theD.不填
【2012烟台】
10. —D yu ften play____________sccer with yur friends?
—N, I dn't like sprts. I ften play____________pian in my free time.
A. a, theB. the, /C. /, theD. the, a
【2012 滨州】
11. —Listen! Smene is playing ______ pian.
—Ww! ______beautiful music! I like it very much
A. a; whatB. an; HwC. the; WhatD. /; Hw
【2012 嘉兴】
12.—Where is _____________ pen n the desk?
—It's Mary's.
A. aB. anC. theD.不填
【2012 温州】
12. －Wh's that man?
－Jeremy Lin. He's _______ American basketball player.
A. aB. anC. theD. /
【2012 衢州】
13. Li Na is ne f ______ mst ppular tennis players in China.
A. aB. anC. theD.不填
【2012 杭州】
14. They want their daughter t g t _____ university, but they als want her t get________ summer jb.
不填；a B. the; a C. an; a D. a; the
【2012 河北】
15. The children std in ______________ circle and danced t music.
A. aB. anC. the D. 不填
【2012 福州】
16. There is n living thing n _______ mn.
A. the B. a C. 不填
【2012 恩施】
17. ______ girl wh will perfrm at the party tmrrw cmes frm ______ Eurpean cuntry.
A. The； aB. A； theC. The； an
【2012 自贡】
18. -- I hear yur friend is visiting San Ya again. Is it the secnd time fr him?
-- Yes, and he will cme fr time next spring.
A. a third B. a secnd C. the third
【2012 广安】
19. —What are yu ging t be in the future?
—I want t be ______ actr.
A. aB. anC. The
【2012 凉山】
20. This is __________ interesting mvie and it's als _______ mst interesting ne I've ever seen.
A. an; a B. an; the C. a; the
【2012 南京】
21. —What d yu want t be when yu grw up?
—I want t be ___ scial wrker. Many peple are in great need f ur help.
A. aB. anC. theD.不填
【2012 绥化】
22. Dn't yu knw ________ girl under the tree? She's ur teacher's daughter.
A. a B. an C. the
【2012 淮安】
23. This summer, I'm ging t visit _______ Great Wall.
A. aB. anC. theD./
*********************************************************结束
普通练习题及答案
一、选择填空：
1. She is ____ girl. She is ____ English girl.
A. a, aB. an, aC. a, anD. a, /
2. Tm is ____ English. He is ____ English by.
A. an, anB. / , anC. / , /D. a, a
3. ____ live in Rm 208.
A. The GreenB. GreenC. The GreensD. Greens
4. January is ____ first mnth f the year.
A. aB. /C. anD. the
5. We shuld think f ____ ld and ____ sick.
A. a, aB. an, aC. the, theD. /, /
6. ____ number f the students in ur class is 52.
A. AB. AnC. TheD. /
7. She can play ____ pian, but she can't play ____ ftball.
A. the, theB. the, /C. /, theD. a, a
8, There is ____ “s” in the wrd “six” and ____ “s” is the first letter f the wrd.
A. a, theB. a, anC. an, theD. a, a
9. A hrse is ____ useful animal.
A. an B. aC. theD. this
10. He has already wrked fr ____ hur.
A. anB. aC. theD. three
11. Lucy wants t becme ____.
A. sme teacherB. a teacherC. teacherD. teachers
12. Hainan is ____ island, isn't it?
A. theB. neC. aD. an
13. What d yu usually d after ____?
A. the classB. classC. the classesD. a class
14. I'll have t buy ____ trusers.
A. aB. twC. a pair fD. pair
15. I've thrwn my ld shes away. I'll have t buy ____.
A. a new pairB. a new neC. sme newD. sme new pair
16. My uncle tld me he was ging t visit ____.
A. the United StateB. The United StatesC. United StatesD. United State
17. They failed six times, but they have decided t try____.
A. seven timesB. the seven timeC. the seventh timeD. seventh time
18. Wh are thse bys? One is my brther and ____.
A. the big by is Mike B. a big is Mike
C. the big by is a Peter D. a big by is a Peter
19. Yu will find ____ girl in black. She is ____ teacher.
A. a, theB. the, aC. a, aD. the, the
20. ____ birds can fly very high in ____ sky.
A. The, theB. The, aC. An, theD. A, the
21. I'm nt lking at ____
A. sunB. skyC. the sunD. sme sky
22. The little by wishes t be ____
A. Lei FengB. the Lei FengC. this Lei FengD. a Lei Feng
23. ____ have studied English in ur schl.
A. Mst f students B. The mst students
C. Mst f the students D. Mst students
24. Tm's brther hit Bb n ____ nse.
A. hisB. theC. itsD. a
25. We are ging t have an exam ____.
A. in the classB. in a classC. at the classD. in class
26. We have had ____.
A. gd dinnerB. a gd dinnerC. the gd dinnerD. gd dinners
27. ____ fine weather we have tday! Let's g swimming.
A. What aB. HwC. WhatD. Hw a
28. There's ____ apple tree behind ____ huse.
A. an, the B. a, a C. an, a D. the, the []
29. We can see the sun in ____ daytime, but we can't see it at ____ night.
A. a, theB. the, /C. a, /D. an, /
30. I saw ____ ld man walking acrss the street and ___ ld man lked wrried.
A. an, anB. the, theC. an, theD. the, an
31. What ____ it is!
A. a heavy rainB. heavy rainC. a heavy rainsD. heavy rains
32. ____ time we had at the party!
A. What wnderful B. What a wnderful
C. Hw wnderful D. Hw a wnderful
33. ____ tallest building in the twn is ____ Bank f China.
A. The, theB. A, aC. The, aD. A, the
34. Little Tm lked at the big shark ____.
A. in the surpriseB. in surprisedC. in surpriseD. at a surprise
35. ____ mre carefully yu ride, ____ fewer falls yu'll get.
A. The, theB. A, theC. The, aD. A, a
36. He has made____ decisin that he will be ____ inventr sme time.
A. a, theB. a, anC. the, anD. the, the
37. – We haven't seen fr ____ lng time. Where have yu been?
- I have been fr ____ hliday with my parents.
- Have ____ nice time!
- Thank yu.
A. a, the, aB. the, a, aC. a, a, aD. a, the, the
38. – Excuse me, can yu tell me way t ____ Xinhua Bkstre?
- G alng this rad, and then turn t ____ right at ____ first crssing, at ____ end f the street, yu can find it.
A. the, a, the, the, the B. a, the, the, a, the
C. the, the, the, a, the D. the, the, the, the, the
39. Why nt take ____ friend with yu? That's ____ gd idea.
A. a, theB. the, theC. a, aD. the, a
40. Take the medicine three times ____ day.
A. aB. theC. anD. /
41. English is ____ language. It is ____ imprtant tl.
A. a, aB. a, anC. the, anD. a, /
42. Meimei has ____ high fever and his mther is lking after her.
A. aB. theC. anD. /
43. Lucy takes ____ walk after supper every day.
A. theB. aC. /D. an
44.Paper is made f ____ wd.
A. aB. theC. /D. that
45. ____ February is the secnd mnth f the year.
A. TheB. AC. /D. an
46. We have n classes n ____ Sundays.
A. theB. aC. anD. /
47. I studied ____ English in ____ England.
A. /, /B. an, theC. an, anD. /, the
48. We g t schl by ____ bus.
A. /B. aC. theD. an
49. These bys play ____ ftball after class.
A. aB. theC. anD. /
50. There is ____ bridge ver the river, ____ bridge is made f stne.
A. a, aB. a, theC. the, theD. the, a
参考答案
1C 2B 3C 4D 5C 6C 7B 8C 9B 10A
11B 12D 13B14C15A 16B 17C 18A 19B 20A
21C 22D 23C 24B 25D 26B 27C 28A 29B 30C
31A 32 B 33A 34C 35A 36B 37C 38D 39C 40A
41B 42A 43B 44C 45C 46D 47A 48A 49D 50B
****************************************************************结束
单词
名 词
动 词
ck
厨师；炊事员
烹调；煮；烧
meet
集会；会
遇见；碰见；会见
watch
手表；守卫；观察
观看；注视
构成方法
读 音
例 词
在词尾加-s
在清辅音后读作/s/
在浊辅音后读作/z/
1.desks/desks/ map/mæps/
2.miles/mailz/ seas/si: z/
1.在以/s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/等音结尾的词之后加-es
2.如词尾为e，只加-s
-（e）s读作/iz/
1.classes/'kla: ziz/
Brushes/'brʌʃiz/
2.pages/'peidʒiz/
如词尾为-f或-fe，则一般变为-ves
-ves读作/vz/
leaf—leaves/li: vz/
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，改y为i，再加-es
-ies读作/iz/
party—parties/'pa: tiz/
以元音+y结尾的名词，加-s
-s读作/z/
bys/bɔiz/
以结尾的名词，多数加-es
-es读作/z/
Heres/'hiərəuz/
以-th结尾的名词，加-s
1.在长元音后，-ths读作/ðz/
2.在短元音或辅音后-ths读作
/θs/
1.muths/mauðz/
2.mnths/mʌnθs/