2022广东省四校高三上学期开学联考英语试题含答案

广东省2022届高三开学四校联考

英 语

本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共 10 页，满分 120 分，考试用时 120 分钟。

注意事项：

1． 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内。

2． 选择题每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案；不能答在试卷上。

3． 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4． 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。

第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）

第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

4 Popular Places to Go This Winter

Harbin, China

China Harbin’s winter is for the brave ones—the average temperature is 1.8°F—

but those who brave the cold will be rewarded with experiencing one of the world’s

largest winter festivals. 2021 marks the 37th Harbin International Ice and Snow

Sculpture Festival (January-March), when massive frozen structures rise and are lit up, transforming the city into a winter wonderland.

Lyon, France

Paris may be called The City of Light, but every December, light takes center stage in Lyon, France’s third-largest city. That’s when the annual Festival of Lights (around December 8) takes over, with light installations (装置) that transform the city’s streetscapes into modern works of art. The city is also home to two Christmas markets (one in La Croix-Rousse; the other at the Place Carnot; through December 25).

Lima, Peru

Peru’s capital Lima is home to the world’s highest number of cooking schools per person. Aside from its delicate dining, the city also has great cocktail bars where you can taste classic or contemporary takes on the Pisco Sour. Combine that with the

oceanfront setting and temperatures in the 80s, and you’ll understand why Lima should no longer be ignored this winter.

Vermont, US

Winter in Vermont means skiing and snowboarding. Many resorts (度假胜地) have greatly upgraded their snowmaking abilities as part of a $15 million statewide program that replaced many outdated snow guns with new, low-energy models. These new machines will also improve the quality of snow surfaces and lengthen the season, meaning this will be one of the best winters for skiing and riding in Vermont in recent memory.

21. What similarities do the first two places have?

A. They are decorated with lights.

B. They offer snow sculptures.

C. They have three-day festivals.

D. They are extremely cold.

22. Which provides a good chance to buy a Christmas gift?

A. Harbin.

B. Lyon.

C. Lima.

D. Vermont.

23. What’s new to the resorts in Vermont?

A. Skiing and snowboarding.

B. A longer winter.

C. Cooking schools.

D. Updated equipment

B

I’ve worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer since I

graduated from high school, but making the transition (转变) between school and full time blue-collar work during the break never gets any easier. For a student like me who considers any class before noon to be uncivilized, getting to a factory by 6 o’clock each morning is torture. My friends never seem to understand why I’m so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.

There’re few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world. People my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge. In fact, all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the

machine I ran in the plant, which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part

backward or upside down.

The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear overnight. Issues like downsizing (裁员) and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico, where people would work for 60 cents an hour.

After working 12-hour shifts in a factory, the other options have become only too

clear. When I’m back at the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes

seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school. All the

advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to

sound stale now ring true.

These lessons I’m learning, however valuable, are always tinged (带有) with sense of guilt. Many people pass their lives in the places where I briefly work, spending 30 years where I spend only two months at a time. “This job pays well, but it’s hell on the body,” said one co-worker. “Study hard and keep reading,” she added.

My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college

years before I enter the real world for good.

24. How did the author look back on his summer days while at college?

A. They brought him nothing but torture.

B. They were no holiday for him at all.

C. They were a relief from his hard work at school.

D. They offered him a chance to know more people.

25. What does the author say about college students?

A. They expect too much from the real world.

B. They have little interest in blue-collar life.

C. They think too highly of themselves.

D. They are confident of their future.

26. What, according to the author, is most frustrating for blue-collar workers?

A. They do not have job security.

B. They do not get decent pay.

C. They have to work 12-hour shifts.

D. They have to move from place to place.

27. In what important way has the author’s work experience changed him?

A. He learned to be more practical.

B. He acquired a sense of urgency.

C. He came to respect blue-collar workers.

D. He came to appreciate his college education.

C

President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still

points to an important truth today—that business institutions have more prestige(威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government.

Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?

One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the

ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the

major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business

institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by

which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.

Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no

monopoly( 垄 断 ) of power. In contrast to one all-powerful government, many

businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollars, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.

A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy(民主) in preserving freedom.

Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of

opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the

swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.

28. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means ________.

A. America is a great power in world business

B. Business is of primary concern to Americans

C. The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce

D. Business problems are of great importance to the American government

29. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only _______.

A. by protecting their individual freedom

B. when given equality of opportunity

C. by way of competition

D. through doing business

30. Who can benefit from business competition?

A. People with ideals of equality and freedom.

B. Both business institutions and government.

C. Honest businessmen.

D. Both businessmen and their customers.

31. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes ___________.

A. in many countries success often depends on one’s social status

B. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America

C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries

D. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries

D

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are

formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.

They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain

behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the

matter have developed. As one might expect the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”.

Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities

and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.

Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in

determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as being whose behavior is

almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.

The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the

United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized

intelligence test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are

genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that white enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.

Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite

likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That

the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

32. The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem__________________.

A. why one’s behaviors differ from others’

B. what makes different stages of intelligence

C. how social scientists form different theories

D. what causes the “nature/nurture” controversy

33. The word “proponents” can best be replaced by ________________.

A. approaches  B. advocates  C. principles  D. characters

34. What can we learn about the behaviorists?

A. They believe human beings are mechanical.

B. They compare our behaviors to the machines.

C. They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.

D. They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.

35. The “nature” theorists believe that the blacks’ low scores____________.

A. are the result of the educational disadvantages

B. have nothing to do with their true intelligence

C. are an indication of the blacks’ poor intelligence

D. have nothing to do with factors other than instincts

第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分, 满分 12.5 分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中

有两项为多余选项。

In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically related to

automation and the loss of jobs, but a recent survey found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating or replacing

human activities. Here are a few other ways AI is aiding companies without replacing

employees.

Better hiring practices

Companies are using AI to remove some unconscious bias(偏见) from hiring

decisions. There are experiments that show that the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does.   36  One company called Blendoor uses AI to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.

More effective marketing

Some AI software can analyze and optimize(优化) marketing email subject lines

to increase open rates. One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can

outperform humans by up to 10 percent in terms of email open rates. This can mean

millions more in taxation.  37   These are tools that help people use data.

Saving customers money

Energy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills.

Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of

electricity. Insurance companies, meanwhile, can base their insurance fees on AI

models that spot risks more accurately.  38   Or they would charge too little and

then it would cost the company money.

Improved accuracy

Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics which makes

data more valuable. It helps people make smarter decisions.”  39   This process,

along with employees reviewing the contracts(合同), is faster and more accurate.

Protecting and maintaining infrastructure(基础设施)

A number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use Al image

processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure before

they happen.” If they fail first and then you fix them, it’s very expensive,”

says Domingos.  40   

A. AI replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have

AI go out and look for relevant sources and information.

B. One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts.

C. There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance

and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will lead to

best results.

D. You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s

useful for employees to go to.

E. Before, they might not ensure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them

too much.

F. We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to

accomplish something beyond human scale.

G. AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects

the more promising applicants.

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）

第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

“Life is precious. ... To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that   41   , saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired?” These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this   42   woman, and what carried her through a life of hard   43   .

As a five-year-old girl, Lin Qiaozhi was deeply   44   by her mother’s death.

At age 18,  45   following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls,

she chose to study medicine. “Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother   46   , thinking of the high tuition fees.

Eight years later, Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College with the

highest prize. She   47   became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident

physician in the PUMC Hospital. After working for a few years, she was sent to study

in Europe and then, in the US. She greatly   48   her American colleagues, who

invited her to stay. Dr Lin, however,  49   the offer. She wanted to serve the women and children   50   .

The new People’s Republic of China   51   Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.

She was elected to be the first National People’s Congress and held many important

  52   . Her heart, however, was   53   . She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research and training doctors.

Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies,” having delivered over 50.000 babies in her lifetime. Dr Lin did not retire until the day she   54   , 22 April 1983. Even as she lay dying, her   55   thoughts were for others.

41. A. belief    B. trust     C. feeling    D. virtue

42. A. old     B. professional  C. amazing    D. single

43. A. choices    B. times    C. facts    D. businesses

44. A. encouraged   B. touched    C. disturbed   D. affected

45. A. regardless of   B. instead of   C. ahead of    D. in spite of

46. A. doubted    B. wondered   C. complained   D. insisted

47. A. immediately   B. surprisingly   C. eventually   D. suddenly

48. A. envied    B. shocked    C. appreciated   D. impressed

49. A. disliked    B. rejected    C. withdrew   D. made

50. A. in need    B. at school    C. in hospital   D. at home

51. A. prevented   B. had     C. saw     D. caught

52. A. positions    B. activities   C. meetings   D. records

53. A. nowhere    B. anywhere   C. everywhere   D. elsewhere

54. A. passed away   B. passed by   C. passed out   D. passed off

55. A. real     B. final     C. positive    D. anxious

第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Were you the first or the last child in your family? Or were you a middle or an

only child? Some people think   56   matters where you were born in your family.

But there are different ideas about   57   birth order means. Some people say that

the oldest children,  58   are smart and strong-willed, are very likely   59   

(succeed). The reason   60   this is simple. Parents have a lot of time for the first  

child and give him or her a lot of attention. An only child will succeed for   61   

same reason. What happens to the other children in the family?  62   (lose) in the

crowd sometimes, middle children don’t get so much attention when a family has many children, so they don’t feel that important. The youngest child, however, often gets special   63   (treat). Often this child grows up to be funny. But a recent study saw things quite   64   (difference). The study found that first children believed in family rules. They didn’t take many chances in their lives. They usually   65   (follow) orders. Rules didn’t mean as much to later children in the family. They took chances and they often did better in life.

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）

第一节（满分 15 分）

假定你是李华。北京时间 2021 年 6 月 17 日 9 时 22 分，神舟十二号载人飞船成功发射，请你写一封邮件向同为航天爱好者的英国笔友 Mike 分享这个消息，内容包括：

1. 神舟十二号载人飞船的历史意义（空间站建造阶段的首次载人飞行任务、

三名航天员将完成为期三个月的天和核心舱驻留等）；

2. 你的感想。

参考词汇：神舟十二号飞船 Shenzhou XII spacecraft；

空间站建设阶段 space station construction phase；

天和核心舱 Tianhe core module

注意：

1．写作词数应为 80 左右；

2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

第二节（满分 25 分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整

的短文。

Two men, both seriously ill, occupied the same hospital room. One man called

Ben was allowed to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon to help drain the fluid

from his lungs. His bed was next to the room’s only window. The other man, Leo, had

to spend all his time flat on his back.

The men talked for hours on end. They spoke of their wives and families, their

homes, their jobs, their involvement in the military service, where they had been on

vacation.

And every afternoon when Ben sat up, he would pass the time by describing to his roommate all the things he could see outside the window. Leo began to live for those one-hour periods where his world would be broadened and lightened by all the activity and color of the world outside.

The window overlooked a park with a lovely lake. Ducks and swans played on the water while children sailed their model boats. Young lovers walked arm in arm amidst flowers of every color of the rainbow. Grand old trees graced the landscape, and a fine view of the city skyline could be seen in the distance. As Ben described all this in exquisite detail, Leo would close his eyes and imagine the picturesque scene.

One warm afternoon Ben sat up with his elbows and described a parade(巡游)

passing by. Although Leo couldn’t hear the band – he could see it in his mind’s eye as

the gentleman by the window portrayed it with descriptive words. Each time the nurse

saw the warm and touching scene, she was always struck by devoted friendship between these two men. Days and weeks passed.

注意：

1．续写词数应为 150 左右；

2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

英语参考答案

一、阅读理解 (共两节，满分 50 分)

第一节（共 20 题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）

21–23 ABD   24–27 BCAD  28–31 BCDA  32–35 ABCD

第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)

36–40 GCEBD

二、语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）

第一节：完形填空 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)

41-45 BCADB  46-50 CADBD  51-55 CADAB

第二节：语法填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)

56. it 57. what   58. who    59. to succeed   60. for

61. the  62. Lost   63. treatment   64. differently   65. followed

三、写作（共两节，满分 40 分）

第一节：应用文写作(共 15 分)

Dear Mike,

As a space enthusiast like you, I really can’t wait to share with you a piece of stirring news

that China’s Shenzhou XII spacecraft was launched into space successfully at 9:22 am., June 17,

2021 Beijing time.

The successful launch of Shenzhou XII spacecraft is without doubt of great historic

significance. Not only does it mark the first manned spaceflight during China’s space station

construction phase, carrying three astronauts to Tianhe core module, where they are to complete a

three-month mission, but it also plays a critical role in testing the technologies and equipment for

the construction of the space station.

It is this groundbreaking achievement that makes me realize that China is always undertaking

its responsibility in fulfilling the global dream of exploring the space, which is what I am proud of. And I’m eagerly expecting more good news about the Shenzhou XII program.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节：读后续写 (共 25 分)

One possible version:

One morning, the nurse arrived to check the two men, only to find the lifeless body of

Ben. After his death, the ward was filled with dead silence. Lying in the bed, Leo couldn’t help

staring at the only window, tears pouring down his cheeks. Dying to see the view described by Ben, Leo asked if he could be moved next to the window. The nurse was happy to make the switch, and after making sure he was comfortable she left him alone. Slowly, painfully, he propped himself up on one elbow and strained to turn to take his first look at the world through the window.

However, he could see nothing but a blank wall of another building. Stunned and paralyzed, Leo couldn’t believe what he thought was a picturesque scene turned out to be just a blank wall.

After all, Ben’s descriptions of the outside world were so convincing and vivid. When he asked the nurse what could have compelled his deceased roommate who had described such wonderful things outside this window, the nurse responded that the man was blind and could not even see the wall. She said, “Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you.” It was Ben’s devoted love to his dear friend that pictured an everlasting rainbow in Leo’s world.