中考英语语法总结——形容词副词及练习
展开1. 形容词的用法
(1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如:
Our cuntry is a beautiful cuntry. (作定语)
The fish went bad. (作表语)
We keep ur classrm clean and tidy. (作宾语补足语)
(2) 形容词修饰smething, anything, nthing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在不定代词后面。
I have smething imprtant t tell yu.
Is there anything interesting in the film.
(3) 用 and 或 r 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。
Everybdy, man and wman, ld and yung, shuld attend the meeting.
Yu can take any bx away, big r small.
(4) the+形容词表示一类人或物
The rich shuld help the pr.
2. 副词的用法
(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。
He studies very hard. (作状语)
Life here is full f jy. (作定语)
When will yu be back? (作表语)
副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类:
1)时间副词
时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有:nw tday, tmrrw, yesterday, befre, late, early, never, seldm, smetimes, ften, usually, always等。例如:
He ften cmes t schl late.
What are we ging t d tmrrw?
He has never been t Beijing.
2)地点副词
地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有:here, there, inside, utside, hme, upstairs, dwnstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nwhere, smewhere, dwn, up, ff, n, in, ut等。例如:
I met an ld friend f mine n my way hme.
He went upstairs.
Put dwn yur name here.
3)方式副词
方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的?”这类问题的,其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有:anxiusly, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, prudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slwly, warmly, well, fast, slw, quick, hard, alne, high, straight, wide等。例如:
The ld man walked hme slwly.
Please listen t the teacher carefully.
The birds are flying high.
He runs very fast.
4)程度副词
程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词,有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有:much, (a) little, a bit, very, s, t, enugh, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, cmpletely, nearly, almst, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如:
Her prnunciatin is very gd.
She sings quite well.
I can hardly agree with yu.
5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有:hw, when, where, why等。例如:
Hw are yu getting alng with yur studies?
Where were yu yesterday?
Why did yu d that?
(2)副词在句中的位置
1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语,则放在宾语之后。例如:
Mr Smith wrks very hard.
She speaks English well.
2)频度副词作状语时,通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词,助动词和be动词之后。例如:
He usually gets up early.
I’ve never heard him singing.
She is seldm ill.
3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enugh作副词用时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。例:
It is a rather difficult jb.
He runs very fast.
He didn’t wrk hard enugh.
4)副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如:
On my way hme, I met my uncle.
The students there have a lt time t d their wn research wrk.
(3)部分常用副词的用法
1) very, much
这两个副词都可表示“很”,但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级,而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如:
She is a very nice girl
I’m feeling much better nw.
Much可以修饰动词,而very则不能。例如:
I dn’t like the idea much.
They did nt talk much.
2) t, either
这两个副词都表示“也”,但t用于肯定句,either用于否定句。例如:
She can dance, and I can dance, t.
I haven’t read the bk and my brther hasn’t either.
3) already, yet
already一般用于语肯定句,yet一般用于否定句。例如:
He has already left.
Have yu heard frm him yet?
He hasn’t answered yet.
4) s, neither
s和neither都可用于倒装句, 但s表示肯定,neither表示否定。
例如:
My brther likes ftball and s d I.
My brther desn’t like dancing and neither d I.
3.形容词、副词都有三个等级:
1、一般构成规律:
2、常见的不规则变化:
4.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法
原级的用法:
①肯定句型:
as + 形容词(副词)原级 + as … 意思是 “与……一样”
The by is as clever as his brther. 这个男孩和他的哥哥一样聪明。
Lucy writes as carefully as Lily. 露茜写得和莉莉一样认真。
②否定句型:
nt s/as + 形容词(副词)原级 +as… 意思是“不如……“
Mnkeys are nt as strng as elephants. 猴子不如大象强壮。
He is nt s gd a man as yu. 他没有你好。
比较级的用法:
1、比较级+than
Peter is wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明。
The car is mre beautiful than that ne. 这来辆车比那一辆漂亮。
2、形容词比较级前可用much, even, still, any, far, fur times, a little等修饰。
Peter is much wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明的多。
The rm is a little brighter than that ne. 这间房子比那间稍微亮一点。
3、比较级+and+比较级 意思是“越来越…...”
It rains harder and harder.雨下得越来越大。
4、The+比较级,the+比较级 意思是“越…...就越…...”
The harder yu study, the faster yu make prgress. 你学习越努力,进步就越快。
5、比较级+than any ther+单数名词. 意思是“比其它的任何一个……都更……”(这种情况其实是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。)
He is mre stupid than any ther student in his class. 在他班里他比其它任何学生都更愚蠢。
She is taller than any ther girls in the team. 她比队里的其余任何一个女孩都要高。
最高级的用法:
1、有范围修饰的用最高级,如:in, f, amng或用从句修饰的句子中。
This is the mst expensive f all the watches.在所有这些表中这块最贵。
In my family, mther is the busiest.
2、序数词+最高级+名词 表示“第几个最……的”
The Yellw River is the secnd lngest river in China.黄河是中国的第二大河流。
The park is the third largest ne in Beijing. 这个公园是北京第三大公园。
3、ne f the+最高级+复数名词 表示“是最……之一”
America is ne f the richest cuntries in the wrld.美国是世界上最富有的国家之一。
One f the mst beautiful places in Beijing is the Summer Palace.
北京最美丽的地方之一是颐和园。
4、形容词最高级前一定要用the,而副词最高级前可省略。
The elephant is the heaviest in the z.大象是这个动物园里最重的动物。
She came (the) earliest f all the students.所有学生中她来得最早。
形、副比较等级还应注意
1.比较级前用a little ; much / a lt ; even / still来加强语气,表示“……一点儿;……得多 ; 更……”
eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿
2)much mre 多得多
3)even heavier更重
但注意:不能在比较级前加s; t; very; quite等。
2.比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as; than后的词应与主语是同类事物),注意常用漏的代词有:that; thse; ne; nes
eg. 1)The apples (A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) than in that basket(D). _________
2)This knife (A) isn’t (B) s (C) new as that (D). _______________
3)Our classrm (A) is (B) bigger (C) than Lily(D). _______________
3.个体与整体相比,不能包括个体,常用“any ther + 单数名词”来进行比较。
eg.1)Betty(是个体) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整体). ( × )
正:Betty is cleverer than any ther student in her class.
=Betty is cleverer than anybdy else in her class.
=Betty is the cleverest in her class.
(特别注意以上三种句型的转换)
2)China is bigger than any cuntry in Africa.
中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
3) China is bigger than any ther cuntry in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。
*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。
eg. Mary is the tallest f all her sisters.( × )
(all her sisters已排除了Mary)
改:Mary is the tallest f all the sisters.
5.表示“第二、第三……”时,可在最高级前加“secnd , third, …”(但“第一”不能用first)
eg. The Changjiang River is the first lngest river in China. 改错:________________
一. 单项填空
1.There are many yung trees n sides f the rad.
A. every B. each C. bth D. all
2.--- It’s s cld tday.
--- Yes, it’s than it was yesterday.
A. mre cld B. mre clder C. much clder D. cld
3.Little Tm has friends, s he ften plays alne.
A. mre B. a little C. many D. few
4.She isn’t s at maths as yu are.
A. well B. gd C. better D. best
5.Peter writes f the three.
A. better B. best C. gd D. well
6.He is enugh t carry the heavy bx.
A. strnger B. much strnger C. strng D. the strngest
7.I bught exercise-bks with mney.
A. a few; a few B. a few; a little
C. a little; a few D. a little; a little
8.The bx is heavy fr the girl carry.
A. t; t B. t; t C. s; that D. n; t
9.The ice in the lake is abut ne meter . It’s strng enugh t skate n.
A. lng B. high C. thick D. wide
10.Wu Lin ran faster than the ther bys in the sprts meeting.
A. s B. much C. very D. t
11. Jne lks s _______ tday because she has gt an “A” in her maths test.
A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily
12. The smile n my father’s face shwed that he was ______ with me.
A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. srry
13. ---Mum, culd yu buy me a dress like this?
---Certainly, we can buy ______ ne than this, but ______ this.
A. a better; better than B. a wrse; as gd as
C. a cheaper; as gd as D. a mre imprtant; gd as
14. ---This digital camera is really cheap!
---The ______ the better. I’m shrt f mney, yu see.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. mre expensive
15. If yu want t learn English well, yu must use it as _______ as pssible.
A. ften B. lng C. hard D. sn
16. Paul has ______ friends except me, and smetimes he feels lnely.
A. many B. sme C. few D. mre
17. English peple _____ use Mr. Befre a man’s first name.
A. never B. usually C. ften D. smetimes
18. ---One mre satellite was sent up int space in China in May.
---Right. The gvernment spke ______ that.
A. highly fr B. high f
C. well f D. highly f
19. ---Remember this, children. ______ careful yu are, ______ mistakes yu will make.
---We knw, Miss Ga.
A. The mre; the mre B. The fewer; the mre
C. The mre; the fewer D. The less; the less
20. I have ________ t d tday.
A. anything imprtant B. smething imprtant
C. imprtant nthing D. imprtant smething
二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. My purse was stlen n the bus yesterday. __________ (Frtunate), there was n mney in it.
2. Mbile phnes are _________ (wide) used in mst f the cities in China.
3. He put n his cat and went ut ________ (quick).
4. She is ______ (gd) than Li Ping at swimming.
5. A lt Chinese peple are _______ (pride) f Ya Ming, a famus basketball star in NBA.
6. T ur surprise, he suddenly returned n a cld ______ (snw) night.
7. Allie asked me ______ (plite) t put the things away.
8. It’s snwing hard. Yu must drive ________(careful).
9. The earth we live n is _______ (big) than the mn.
10. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the secnd ________ (large) island in China.
词的特征
变 化
例 词
原 级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词
直接加-er, -est
strng
high
strnger
higher
strngest
highest
以e结尾的词
加-r, -st
wide
nice
wider
nicer
widest
nicest
以单个辅音字母(非r)结尾的单音节词
双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er, -est
fat
thin
fatter
thinner
fattest
thinnest
以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词
变y为i,再加-er,-est
heavy
happy
heavier
happier
heaviest
happiest
少数以-er, -w结尾的双音节词
直接加-er; -est
clever
narrw
cleverer
narrwer
cleverest
narrwest
多数双音节词
多音节词和
源于分词的形容词
在原级前加mre, mst
slwly
difficult
tired
mre slwly
mre difficult
mre tired
mst slwly
mst difficult
mst tired
原 级
比较级
最高级
gd well
better
best
bad badly ill
wrse
wrst
many much
mre
mst
little
less
least
far
farther
further
farthest
furthest
ld
lder
elder
ldest
eldest
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