还剩21页未读,
继续阅读
所属成套资源:备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破
成套系列资料,整套一键下载
专题5 写作-备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破
展开这是一份专题5 写作-备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破,共24页。
专题5 写作
备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破
应用文写作、读后续写和概要写作
【题型说明】
写作是一种高度综合的题型,旨在考查考生是否能够运用所学的英语知识和技能进行表达。该题型要
求考生根据所给的图表、提纲等,运用所学知识将所给的提示信息组成行文连贯、逻辑通顺、语言得体的文章。这不仅要求考生有丰富的词汇和语法知识而且要求考生有较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。
1、2020年山东省和海南省使用全国新高考卷,其中写作部分分为两节:应用文写作与读后续写。
2、 浙江省作为高考综合改革的试点省份,从2016年10月份开始,正式启动外语科目一年两考试,其中英
语学科高考书面表达部分除应用文写作外,首次引入了读后续写和概要写作两种新的写作题型,并在不同考试中不定期交替使用。浙江卷中读后续写题型与全国新高考I卷中读后续写不之处在于,浙江卷中读后续写有给出10个画线关键词语,要求考生在写作时至少使用其中5个。
3、 全国卷书面表达的命题方式主要有提纲作文、图表/图画式作文、(半)开放式作文,但以提纲式作文为主。
近三年高考中,全国卷书面表达考查的文体以应用文居多,以应用文为载体考查记叙、议论、说明等表达方式。2020年全国卷为近五年来首次考查记叙文体,卷I考查人物描写类记叙,卷Ⅱ考查叙事类记叙文。
4、题材内容贴近生活,关注社会热点,与中学生的学习、生活密切相关。
【解读新题型】
题型一:读后续写
【题型说明】读后续写是阅读理解和书面表达沟通桥梁。读后续写考查的是考生在理解文章内容的基础上
分析文章的逻辑,运用准确丰富的语言,展开创造与想象的能力。读后续写的题型构成为一段350词以内
的语言材料和所要续写段落的段落开头语,要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头和文章中的关键词进
行续写(150词左右),将其发展成一篇与给定的材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。续写部分分两段
并限定了每段的开头语;所给的段落开头语既对考生的思维给予了一定的引导,帮助考生展开想象,又进
行了适当的限制,防考生的想象漫无边际、续写天马行空。因此,一些老师也把读后续写比喻成一次戴着
“镣铐跳舞”的写作经历。由于记叙文上下连贯性强,内容丰富,更适合读后续写题型,所以该题型所选
文章的体裁一般是以叙事为主的记叙文,其阅读材料难度适中,易于理解。
【评分标准】
1.与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度;
2.内容的丰富性;
3.应用语法结构与词汇的丰富性和准确性;
4.上下文的连贯性;
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑;
6.如书写较差以致影响交际,可将分数降低一个档次。
各档次的给分范围和要求(总分25分)
第五档(21-25)
*与所给短文融洽度高,与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理。
*内容丰富。
*所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确,可能有些许误,但完全不影响意义表达。
*有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使所续写的短文结构紧凑。
第四档(16-20)
*与所给短文融洽度较高,与所提供各段落开头语衔接较为合理。
*内容比较丰富
*所使用语法结构和词汇较为丰富、准确,可能有些许错误,但不影响意义表达。
*比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,所续写的短文结构紧凑。
第三档(11-15)
*与所给短文关系较为密切,与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
*写出了若干有关内容。
*应用语法结构和词汇满足任务的要求,虽有一错误,但不影响意义表达。
*使用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文内容连贯
第二档(6—10)
*与所给短文有一定关系,与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
*写出了一些有关内容。
*语法结构单调,词汇丰富性有限,有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误,影响了意义表达。
*较少使用语句间的连接成分,全文内容缺少连贯性。
第一档(1-----5)
*与所提供短文和开头语的衔接较差。
*产出内容太少。
*语法结构单调,词汇丰富性有限,有较多语法构和词汇方面的错误,严重影响了意义表达。
*缺乏语句间的连接成分,全文内容不连贯。
0分
*白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。
题型二:概要写作
【题型说明】概要写作是一种要求考生在读懂文章的基础上用自己的语言归纳出文章主旨大意的书面表达
形式,涉及“阅读+写作”两种技能的运用,因此对考生的阅读理解、括归纳和书面表达等能力都提出了很
高的要求。概要写作的题型构成为一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写篇60词左右的内容概要。
原文主要为说明文和议论文,偶有记叙文以及其他文体。
【评分标准】
1.对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;
2.应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
3.上下文的连贯性;
4.对各要点表达的独立性情况;
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑;
6.如书写较差以致影响交际,可将分数降低一个档次。
各档次的给分范围和要求(总分25分)
第五档(21-25)
*理解准确,涵盖全部要点。
*能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。
*有效使用了语句间的连接成分,使所完成的概要结构紧凑。
*完全使用自己的语言。
第四档(16-20)
*理解准确,涵盖绝大部分要点。
*所使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误,但完全不影响意义表达。
*比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使所完成的概要结构紧凑。
*有个别整句抄自原文。
第三档(11-15)
*理解较为准确,涵盖大部分要点。
*所使用的语法结构和词汇虽有些许错误,但不影响意义表达。
*使用简单的语句间的连接成分,使上下文内容连贯。
*两句以上抄自原文。
第二档(6-10)
*理解有误差,仅涵盖半数要点。
*有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误,影响了意义表达。
*较少使用语句间的连接成分,全文内容缺少连贯性。
*两句以上抄自原文。
第一档(1--5)
*没有理解原文,造成概要内容与原文主题不符。
*有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误,严重影响了意义表达。
*缺乏语句间的连接成分,全文内容不连贯。
*多个句子抄自原文。
0分
*白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。
【核心考法】
考法1 应用文写作
1.书信、电子邮件类
书信和电子邮件类应用文已经成为近年来书面表达的热门考查形式,常以提纲式要点作文的形式出现,
话题内容也紧紧围绕学生的实际生活。此类考查形式绝不是要求考生简单地对要点进行逐条翻译,而是要求将所给的几个要点组织成通顺的语句,形成亮点鲜明、衔接紧密的作文。
此类作文常见的写作格式如下:第一部分,文章开头,即称呼(通常已给出);第二部分,寒暄语句,引
出写信的目的(寒喧句和主题句可以是同一个句子);第三部分,根据提纲扩展主体段落(主题句+扩展句1+扩展句2+扩展句3);第四部分,表明自己的观点或提出殷切期望,并结束书信主体段落;最后是落款。
此类作文的常用句式如下:
I am writing to you to...
How happy I am to receive your letter!
How nice to hear from you again
Thank you for your letter of...
It is a pleasure for me to invite you on behalf of... to accept...
Thanks so much for your letter, which arrived...
I am writing to you with reference to...
I am writing to you in connection with...
I would be grateful if you could/would...
I would like to know some information on...
It will be appreciated if you can/could...
I would also like to know if you can/could...
Please give my best regards to...
Remember me to your parents.
Looking forward to your reply.
I would appreciate it if you could...
I look forward to hearing from you.
[浙江2020年1月]假定你是李华,你校将举办外国学生中文演讲比赛,请给你的英国朋友写封邮件邀请
他参加。内容包括:
1.比赛时间; 2.演讲话题; 3.报名方式。
注意:1.词数80左右; 2可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear George,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
【写作指导】
1.命题形式: 提纲式作文。
2.体裁: 应用文邀请信
3.人称以第三人称为主; 时态以一般将来时为主。
4.写作要点: (1)比赛时间; (2)演讲话题; (3)报名方式。
【参考范文】
Dear George,
There will be a Chinese speech contest for foreign students in our school. I'd like to invite you to compete in it, because this is a good chance for you to show how well you have learned Chinese. It will take place in the school hall from 9: 00 to 12: 00on the morning of January 18. The topic is traditional Chinese Culture". If you are interested, please sign up on our school website www. ycschool. com before January 10. I'm looking forward to your reply
Yours,
Li Hua
(1)、申请信
①题型指导
申请信一般以提纲式应用文的形式出现,要求就所给的内容和情境写一封申请信,是考生比较熟悉的题材。要想写好申请信,除了要涵盖已给出的信息外,掌握一定的写作模式往往能起到事半功倍的效果。常见的写作内容包括:开门见山地说明想申请的职位;介绍自己相关的特长,引起对方注意;强调自己符合要求,加深印象,附带介绍自己的教育背景和相关经历,表明自信心,加强对方对自己的信任,希望被考虑并被录用。在写作过程中还要注意行文流畅,言简意赅。
②常用写作模板
【模板一】
Dear________(称呼),
I'd like to apply for the job as_________(职位) in your company.
One of my reasons for applying is that_________________________________(理由一).The second reason is that______________________________________(理由二). Besides,_____________________________(理由三)
All in all,I think__________________(进一步总结).I' d be obliged if you would give me an opportunity for an interview.
I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
Yours respectfully,
__________(署名)
【模板二】
Dear___________(称呼),
I am applying for the position of _____________(职位) advertised in the newspaper.I major in_______
_______________(专业).My training in_____________________(专业技能) definitely meets your qualifications.. I'll graduate on______________(毕业时间)from____________(毕业院校). In addition to the requirements of this job, I have________________(成绩). I also have some experience in______________(适合的职位). I believe, with my training and experience, that you will find me qualified.
I'd be very grateful if you would offer me a precious opportunity for an interview.
I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
Best regards for your health and success.
Yours sincerely,
_______(署名)
[全国1 2019]假定你是李华,暑期在伦敦学习,得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者,
内容包括:
1.写信目的; 2.个人优势; 3.能做的事情。
注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.结束语已为你写好。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply.
Sincerely,
Li Hua
【写作指导】
1.命题形式: 提纲式作文。
2.体裁: 书信类应用文
3.人称以第一人称为主; 时态以一般现在时为主。
4.写作要点: (1)表达写信目的: 申请当志愿者; (2)表明个人优势; (3)能够胜任的事情; (4)期待回复。
【参考范文】
Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Hua, a Chinese high school student currently studying in London. Hearing you are hosting a Chinese painting exhibition, I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer for the event.
To begin with, as a big fan of traditional Chinese painting, I'm able to offer visitors detailed explanations on famous Chinese painters. Secondly, with a good command of English, I can communicate smoothly with British painting lovers.Regarding the tasks I'm capable of, I can be a tour guide and a helpful assistant to the event organizers.
Were I chosen, I would devote myself to being a qualified volunteer. Hope you can take my application into consideration.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Sincerely,
Li Hua
(2)、邀请信
①题型指导
邀请信是写信人对收信人的邀约,一般分为正式和非正式两种,格式与其他信函相同。具体写作步骤如下:
第一段:说明写信意图;
第二段:交代具体信息,包括受邀请的人、邀请朋友要干什么、地点以及具体的时间等内容;
第三段:表示期待朋友的回复
就本质而言,正式与非正式的邀请信并没有太大的区别,只是正式的邀请信比较注重文采,而且往往需要表现出写信人的热情。邀请信的情境一般为邀请朋友参加聚会、共度假期或者游览自己的家乡等。
②常用写作模板
Dear________(称呼)
How is everything with you? I am writing to tell you that there will be a( n)___________________(内容)at/in
___________(地点) on _____________(日期).I sincerely hope that.../ We would be honored to have you
there with us.
The occasion will start at__________(具体时间).This will be followed by a(n)____________(进一步的安排). At around_______________(具体时间),__________________(另一个安排).
Ring me up and tell me whether you will come or not, will you? I really hope you can make it. My phone number is________________________.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
___________(署名)
[全国Ⅲ 2019]假定你是李华,你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友 Allen参加,内容包括
1.时间; 2.活动安排; 3.欢迎他表演节目。
注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作指导】
1.命题形式: 提纲式作文。
2.体裁: 电子邮件类应用文。
3.人称以第二、三人为主; 时态以一般将来时为主。
4.写作要点:(1)表达写作目的;(2)告知活动时间;(3)介绍活动具体安排;(4)表示欢迎。
【参考范文】
Dear Allen,
How is everything going? Our school will hold a music festival next Sunday in the school hall with the aim of enriching students' after-school life. As an organizer, I'm writing to invite you to join us.
The opening ceremony will start at 9: 00 a. m., and our schoolmaster will deliver a speech first. Following the speech is a one-hour lecture on the history of Chinese Music by Professor Wang, after which there will be various fantastic performances given by talented students. You are particularly welcome to show up on stage, which will definitely add color and fun to our festival.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
(3)、建议信
①题型指导
建议信是向收信方就某事提出自己的建议和忠告。建议信有可能是写给个人的,也有可能是写给某个组织或机构的。建议信要包括写信的原因、建议的内容以及提出建议的理由。建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确,具有合理性和说服力。一般采用“三段式”,主体部分通常以 firstly, secondly, thirdly或
to begin/ start with, then, later, last but not least等依次陈述建议,具体为:
第一段: 表明写信意图。简单介绍自己,陈述事由,注意语气;
第二段: 首先应该肯定对方的优点,然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告; 注意千万不要让对方认为你是在投诉;
第三段: 对提出的建议进行总结, 言辞礼貌恳切, 使对方容易接受。
②常用写作模板
Dear_______(称呼)
I am ____________.Your collection of suggestions on___________________is____________________.
As is known,____________________(指出不足之处).My suggestions are:
First,______________________(People can___________)(建议一)
Second, (to make economic profits,)_______________________________(建议二)
Third,__________________.(As many of them____________________)(建议三)
I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in more detail. /Your kind consideration of my suggestions will be highly appreciated.
Good luck with your_______________(祝愿)
Yours sincerely,
___________(署名)
【例】假定你是李华,你的笔友Mike现在上高二,由于在高一没有努力学习,导致他有些科目的成绩不是很理想。为此,他感到有些迷茫,想学但不知该怎样做。请你给他写封信, 提出合理的建议,以便他能顺利完成高中的学业,并考上理想的大学。
1.表明写信目的; 2.提出具体建议; 3.表达祝愿。
注意: 1.词数100左右,开头语已为你写好(不计人总词数); 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Mike,
I have known that you are having difficulty with your study.________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作指导】
1.命题形式: 提纲式作文
2.体裁: 书信类应用文。
3.人称以第二人称为主; 时态以一般现在时为基本时态
4.写作要点: (1)提出写作目的; (2)给出具体建议; (3)表达祝愿。
【参考范文】
Dear Mike,
I have known that you are having difficulty with your study. I really understand you. I would like to give you some advice.
Firstly, don't worry too much about it. If you study harder than before, you can improve a lot. Secondly, you must concentrate all your energy on your study. And you should listen to the teacher carefully in class and finish your homework on time. In your spare time you'd better review what you have learned in Senior One. When you meet some problems, turn to your teachers or friends. They will help you. Thirdly, if you insist on doing what I tell you above, you can improve your study. I believe in you. You can do it well. Hard work will pay off.
Best wishes!
Yours,
LiHua
(4)、投诉信
①题型指导
在生活中经常会发生一些事情,比如消费者利益受损、正常生活和工作受到干扰等令人伤脑筋的事情,有时写封投诉信不失为一个解决烦恼的好办法。投诉信通常包括以下几个方面的内容:说明投诉的原因并表示遗憾;实事求是地阐述问题发生的经过,切记不要夸大其词;指出该问题引发的后果;提出批评及处理的意见,或敦促对方采取措施,或者提出所希望的赔偿以及补救方式。组织提纲时要遵循“三步走”的写作模式:
第一段:表明要投诉的问题,尽可能做到客观礼貌,给读者留下好印象,应明确读信人不一定就是责任人,与其顺利地合作对问题的最终解决有着非常重要的作用。
第二段:写明投诉的原因、问题的经过及产生的后果。可以阐明具体的理由,也可阐述问题的具体表现方式。
第三段:提出解决方案,无须展开。这段应体现书信写作的礼貌原则,可以用“如果您能……我将十分感激”这类措辞。
②常用写作模板
Dear._____________(称呼)
I am_____________(自我介绍). I feel bad to trouble you but I'm afraid that I have to make a complaint about
_____________________________.
The reason for my dissatisfaction is_________________________(总体介绍),In the first place,____________
_________(投诉的第一个方面). In addition,__________________________________(投诉的第二个方面). Under these circumstances,,I find a________________(个人感受)to___________________(问题产生的后果).
I would appreciate it very much if you could__________________________________(提出建议和请求).
Thank you for your consideration and I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
________(署名)
【例】假定你是李华,和父母在国外旅游期间(3月24日至28日)入住 Pearl Hotel,但对酒店提供的服务不满意,请根据以下提示给酒店的经理写一封投诉信。要点如下:
1.入住时间。
2.问题投诉:(1)行李箱被送到房间时破损;(2)卫生间漏水;(3)楼下酒吧太吵,影响休息。
3.要求道歉并希望改进服务质量。
注意:1.词数100左右,开头语已为你写好(不计入总词数); 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:行李箱 suitcase;漏水leak
Dear Manager,
My name is Li Hua.________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【写作指导】
1.命题形式:提纲式作文。
2.体裁:书信类应用文。
3.人称以第一、三人称为主;阐述问题时时态以一般过去时为主。
4.写作要点:(1)写信目的;(2)存在的问题;(3)表达期望。
【参考范文
Dear Manager,
My name is Li Hua. I stayed at your hotel, Pearl Hotel, from March 24th to 28th with my parents. However, the service in your hotel left much to be desired. I'm writing this letter to express my complaints.
First, we found our suitcases broken after they were carried to our room by one of your porters. Second, water was leaking out of the toilet in the bathroom. Third, the noise from the bar downstairs went on so late into the night that we couldn't get a good rest each night.
For the above reasons, I have to say that the service in your hotel is poor. Therefore, I'd like to receive a written apology from you. Meanwhile, I hope you can improve your service in the future so that none of the above will happen again.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
2、演讲稿/发言稿
演讲/发言是进行宣传和思想交流的一种重要方式,为了取得良好的效果,演讲/发言人常常提前写出文稿。要写好演讲稿/发言稿,必须明确下列几点:
(1)、明确演讲/发言对象。要了解听众的思想状况和愿望要求等,要认真考虑如何切入更具说服力,更容易令人接受。
(2)、明确演讲/发言主题。无论是从举例到说理,还是从说理
到举例,都要围绕一个中心来讲。
(3)、明确自我立场。观点要鲜明,是赞成还是反对,不能含糊其词、模棱两可,要以理服人,举例要恰当、典型,条理要清晰,结构要严谨,首尾要呼应。
(4)、明确语言特点。演讲稿/发言稿不同于其他文体,要合乎口语的表达习惯,句子不宜太长,以免给听众造成困扰。
[天津2020年5月]假设你是晨光中学的李津。下周你校将与英国友好校举办一场在线会议,探讨如何利用网络学习英语,请你根据以下提示撰写一篇发言稿:
(1)、介绍你是如何利用网络学习英语的(至少写出两点);
(2)、简单谈谈你对利用网络学习英语的看法;
(3)、请友好校的学生分享他们的经验。
注意:(1)词数不少于100; (2)可适当加入细节,使内容充实、行文连贯; (3)开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Good morning, dear friends. My name is Li Jin. I'd like to take this opportunity to talk about how I learn English on the Internet.__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Thank you.
【写作指导】
1.命题形式:提纲式作文。
2.体裁:发言稿类应用文。
3.人称以第一人称为主;时态以一般现在时为主。
4.写作要点:(1)介绍你是如何利用网络学习英语的;
(2)表达你对利用网络学习英语的看法;
(3)请友好校的学生分享他们的经验。
参考箔文
Good morning, dear friends. My name is Li Jin. I'd like to take this opportunity to talk about how I learn English on the Internet.
I regularly attend online classes given by our expert teachers, through which I can not only acquire basic knowledge such as new grammar rules but also interact with the teacher and discuss with my classmates in time. Besides, the Internet is also an efficient channel for me to practice my listening and speaking abilities in English. I often watch English movies and even chat with my foreign teacher online. What's more, the easy access to some foreign libraries and academic websites by surfing the Internet expands my horizons and helps me know more about Western culture.
From where I stand, online learning is rewarding as long as it is made full use of. I have benefited a lot from it, which brings me much convenience and confidence.
Would you be so kind as to share your ideas about learning English online with us? Should we be informed of some valuable experience, it would be hopeful and meaningful.
Thank you
3、通知
(1)题型指导
通知是上级对下级、组织对成员布置工作、传达情况或告诉公众某件事情等时使用的一种应用文体,通常分为口头通知和书面通知两种:
口头通知即以口头的形式表达通知的内容。这种通知开头应有称呼语,正式场合用 Ladies and gentlemen((女士们、先生们),有时也可以用 Boys and girls或 Comrades and friends(同志们、朋友们)等。开头常有提醒听众注意的开场白,如 Attention, please.或May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.等;结尾常说That's all. Thank you.或 Thank you(for listening)等,以示礼貌。口头通知无须说明发布通知的日期和发布通知的人或单位。
写书面通知时,一般情况下,要在首行中央写上 Notice或Announcement。通知的发布单位常写在正文结束的右下角,发布通知的日期一般写在 Notice或 Announcement下一行的左侧,顶格写,也可以省略。
口头通知和书面通知都是宣布即将发生的事情及其具体内容,因而多用将来时;一般用祈使句来强调。通知的语言要简洁明了,条理清晰,准确无误,时间尤为重要,必须写得十分明确。
(2)常用写作模板
①口头通知
Ladies and gentlemen,
Your attention, please. I have something to tell you._______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Please remember:
Time:
Place:
Thank you for listening.
②书面通知
Notice
In order to _______________,____________________is to be held on______________(日期)at ______(具体时间)in ________________(地点). Whoever is interested in it is welcome to attend. Those who want to take part in
_______________________, please sign up at Student Union.
Please remember_____________________________________________________________.
The Student Union
[全国Ⅱ 2018]你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知,请大家观看一部英文短片 Growing Together,内容包括:
1.短片内容:学校的发展;
2.放映时间、地点;
3.欢迎对短片提出意见。
注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【写作指导】
1.命题形式:提纲式作文。
2.体裁: 传达通知内容的应用文
3.人称以第三人称为主,时态以一般将来时为主。
4.写作要点:(1)通知内容:短片内容;放映的时间和地点;(2)表示欢迎:欢迎观看短片及提出意见。
【参考范文】
Notice
In order to have a better understanding of our school, an outstanding English short movie about our school will be shown in the library from 2: 30 to 4: 00 on the afternoon of June 9th. It was organized by the Student Union. Here are some relevant details about it.
The name of the movie is Growing Together, which is about the development of our beloved school. As we all expect,it will be not only meaningful but also interesting. All of you will be welcome to take part/participate in it, enjoying the movie, having a heated discussion afterwards and giving your own comments.
考法2 读后续写
读后续写作为一种将阅读和写作紧密结合的考查形式,主要考查考生的合理想象能力、创新表达能力、对文章的准确理解能力、巧妙的故事情节的构思能力以及用段落首句创意表达
的能力等。
解题步骤
Step1 细读文本要素,品读主旨意图
阅读是读后续写的起点,起点的质量高低直接影响着续写能达到的高度,因此考生首先要高质量地完成阅读理解。
(1)、在细读文本要素的过程中,考生应梳理关键信息,从内容层面弄清楚文章的体裁、题材、中心人物、主要故事、发展线索等;从语言层面感知语篇的语言风格、行文逻辑、故事发展等,从而解答5W1H的问题。
(2)、在品读主旨意图的过程中,考生应从情感层面通过故事脉络来探究和确立文章的写作风格、感情基调、主旨大意等。读后续写不仅要求故事情节合理发展,也需要写作风格一脉相承。最佳的续写应是在内容、语言和情感方面与原文风格保持一致。
Step2 预测发展趋势,建构合理情节
在提炼出人物、故事及主旨等文本要素后,考生应当结合两段续写段落的首句充分发挥想象,预测故事的大致走向。在预测故事大致走向之后,考生可以勾勒出更加丰富、合理的故事情节。最后,考生根据主旨和故事发展对信息作出选择、拓展细节、组织内容,从而完成续写这一创造性的思维过程。
Step3 梳理写作要点,善用语言,关注衔接词的使用
在完成读后续写的过程中,细读是起点,建构是中点,而作则是重点。在前面信息建构的基础上,学生将选出的信息和拓展的细节形成故事发展的要点。写作中,学生还要注意与原文在文体和语言上保持一致。心灵鸡汤系列的文章,语言应似和风细雨,娓娓道来;故事类的文章,用词应简单形
象;新闻纪实类的报道,语言应具体、准确;短篇小说类的文章,结局较为意外,或讽刺或幽默或感人。此外,学生还应注意续写内容与所给段落首句的衔接程度,并确保所续写的内
容和主旨积极向上、富有正能量。
高分策略
(一)、避让失分点
失分点1 不符合基本要求:词数不够(少于150词);续写两段的词数比例失调;随意分段;抄袭原文;时态与原文不一致。
失分点2 内容不合逻辑:缺乏合理想象;续写部分内容与上文不连贯;续写部分与已提供材料之间的逻辑不一致;续写两段内容之间以及续写部分与所给开头语之间的逻辑不一致。
失分点3 语言不够丰富恰当:所使用语法结构与词汇的丰富性、准确性不够;刻意使用生僻词汇和复杂句式,不考虑与原文语言风格的一致性。
失分点4 脑洞开太大:想象不合理;续写部分立意不高;价值观有争议。
(二)、掌握提分点
1、五审题目,不失基本分
(1)、审要求:所续写短文的词数应为150左右;应续写两段。
(2)、审体裁:明确原文的体裁,确定续写部分的格式和语言风格。
(3)、审时态:确定原文的时态,避免续写内容出现时态错误。
(4)、审原文大意和要点:读后续写一般是记叙文,所以应找出原文中的六要素(who,when, where, what, how, why), 从而读懂原文,以确保续写内容与原文的连贯性。
(5)、审续写所给首句:仔细研读续写题目所给出的第一句话,注意续写内容与原文内容的融洽度,以及所续写的两段内容之间的衔接性。
2、三大技巧,巧夺能力分
(1)、立意“高大上”,情节丰富合理,使文章脱颖而出;
(2)、升级词汇与句式,增加得分亮点;
(3)、书写规范工整,卷面开启“美颜”特效,巧得“印象分”。
[浙江2020年7月]阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。
One fall, my wife Elli and I had a single goal: to photograph polar bears. We were staying at a research camp
outside "the polar bear capital of the world"---the town of Churchill in Manitoba, Canada.
Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. Polar bears---like all wild animals---should be
photographed from a safe distance. When I'm face to face with a polar bear, I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens. But sometimes, that is easier said than done. This was one of those times.
As Elli and I cooked dinner, a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed, and smelled our garlic bread.
The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence. He pulled and bit the wire. He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts.
Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew. We yelled at the bear, hit pots hard, and fired blank shotgun shells into the air. Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off. Not this polar bear though ---he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws (爪子).
I radioed the camp manager for help. He told me a helicopter was on its way, but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived. Making the best of this close encounter (相遇), I took some pictures of the bear.
Elli and I feared the fence wouldn't last through 30 more minutes of the bear's punishment. The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray. The spray burns the bears' eyes, but doesn't hurt them. So I approached our uninvited guest slowly and, through the fence, sprayed him in the face. With an angry roar( 吼叫), the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes.
注意:
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;
4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语
Paragraph 1:
A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp.________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
At that very moment, the helicopter arrived._________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作提示】
1.审题:(1)人称:以第一人称为主;(2)时态:以一般过去时为主;(3)体裁:记叙文
2.写作要点:(1)“我们”继续与北极熊激烈抗争;(2)“我们”迎来直升机的营救,终于脱险;(3)北极熊如愿以偿获得食物,“我”也如愿以偿拍到了北极熊的珍贵照片。
【参考范文】
Paragraph 1:
A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp. Roaring even more angrily this time, he smashed his paws crazily against the wire fence, trying to stab us with his sharp claws. Panicked as we were, Elli and I screamed at the top of our lungs, and waved our fists at him in an attempt to intimidate and scare him away. To our disappoint -ment, all these efforts were in vain. The bear violently dashed against the wooden posts which were evidently on the verge of collapsing! This furious beast was within a stone's throw, so I flinched back and huddled with Elli tightly. Chilly winds whipping our faces, I could hear nothing but the sound of our hearts beating violently in our chests.
Paragraph 2:
At that very moment, the helicopter arrived. The gusting wind from the hovering vehicle swept away our fear immediately. Out of the helicopter descended a rope to pull us up. Thrilled yet relieved, we grabbed the rope and eventually landed on the helicopter safe and sound. While looking at the chunky bear from high above, I was amazed to spot this stubborn guy had crushed the fence and headed toward our camp for the inviting garlic bread. At this once-in-a-lifetime moment, I reached into my backpack and pulled out the camera, photographing that impressive scene. Gazing at his broad back in the melting ice field, I wondered if it was the warmer planet that had forced the bear to hunt for food from the human regions.
考法3概要写作
概要写作作为综合性语言测试,是一种将阅读和写作紧密结合的考查形式。概要写作主要考查考生对文章主旨大意和整体结构的把握能力、准确获取关键信息的能力以及用自己的语言概括文章的能力。
解题步骤
Step1 读懂原文,抓住大意
在阅读过程中,考生需要抓住文章的中心,透彻理解全文,准确把握文章大意,并弄清不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系。
Step2 定位主题句,找到关键
在读懂原文、抓住大意的基础上,考生接下来需要逐段定位每个段落的主题句,并以提纲的形式记录下来。
Step3 组织语言,转换表达
考生定位好主题句和关键信息点后,需要开始组织语言、转换表达。组织语言时,要注意以简练概括的语言表达要点,避免使用原文句子,可对原文内容进行同义词或近义词替换,或者转换句式。
写作技巧
技巧1 简洁概括
概要写作不是篇章内容的简单罗列,而是从篇章中抽取主干和关节的一个过程,这个过程需要考生在阅读的过程中掌握简洁概括各段落及全文主旨大意的技巧,为进一步的概要写作作好铺垫。
技巧2 删减细节
在概要写作的过程中,考生应具备辨析概括性语言与细节描写性语言之间的区别的能力,恰当地删除具体描述、事例、数据及论据等。
技巧3 同义替换
概要写作的高考评分最高档次(第五档)中的第四条(完全使用自己的语言)说明在写作过程中考生需要对原文信息进行适当的同义替换,避免摘抄原文句子。因此,熟练掌握同义替换不仅能彰显考生的写作实力,而且也是取得高分的一个重要环节。
技巧4 运用增分句式
概要写作的过程中,在理解正确、要点齐全的前提下,多运用一些正确的、高级的语法结构也是为文章增色的一个技巧。写作过程中可以运用非谓语动词结构以及省略句、复合句等句式。
支巧5 巧用衔接词
把握文章全篇的脉络,即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系,是准确深刻地理解一篇文章的前提。因此,考生在写概要时也应充分考虑文章中体现出来的逻辑关系,恰当地使用一些衔接词,以使完成的概要结构紧凑并且逻辑合理。
高分策略
(一)、避让失分点
失分点1 概括部分要点不明。
失分点2 未对文章进行概括,摘抄文中原句。
失分点3 表达单一,缺乏高级词汇和句型。
失分点4 衔接不自然,对各类体裁没有清晰的写作框架。
(二)、掌握提分点
1、五审题目,不失基本分
(1)、审要求:所要求写作的短文是针对所给短文的概括写作;词数应为60左右。
(2)、审体裁:明确所给短文的体裁,确定概要写作的格式。
(3)、审时态:确定所给短文的时态,避免概要写作部分出现时态错误。
(4)、审主题:文章的主题句有时直接出现在文章的首尾段,有时则需要对文章的内容进行提炼和总结。
(5)、审要点:着重总结每段大意,根据段落大意及文章侧重点,重组归纳文章大意,并转换为自己的语言概述成段,同时应注意内容之间的合理衔接。
2、四大技巧,巧得能力分
(1)、高度概括,删减细节:简明扼要地概括文章主旨要义,删减具体例子;
(2)、巧用同义替换,注意句式多样化:多运用同义转换词汇、非谓语动词、高级句式等,增加得分亮点;
(3)、善用高分衔接词:恰当使用高分衔接词,更好地表达文章的逻辑关系;
(4)、书写规范工整:卷面开启“美颜”特效,巧得“印象分”。
[浙江2018年11月]阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.
There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won't be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out! If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don't like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn't know unless you actually visit.
Now, if time and money are making it impossible,then check out the online college fairs at College WeekLive. It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顾问) and it won't cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive. com.While visiting an online college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作提示】
1.审题:(1)时态:以一般现在时为主;(2)人称:以第二人称为主;(3)体裁:说明文。
2.写作要点:每段的中心大意为:第一段:为确保未来几年能度过精彩的大学生活,你最好抽时间提前到大学校园去看看,全面了解你梦想中的大学,虽然这可能要花些钱,但非常值得;第二段:如果你住在大学附近,一定要在申请之前去看一下;第三段:即使你已经申请了学校,到大学去看看也能为你省去许多麻烦;第四段:如果你因为没有空或者没有钱而不能去的话,访问 collegeweeklive..com网站上的大学网上展馆是很有益处的。
【参考范文】
To insure a brilliant college life, you'd better spare time to visit campuses to examine all aspects of your dream colleges, even if it may be costly. (要点1) If you live nearby, be sure to check it out before you apply. (要点2)Even after submitting applications, a visit can help avoid much trouble.(要点 3) However, if not possible to see for yourself for lack of time and money, visiting the online college fairs at collegeweeklive.com will be beneficial. (要点4)
相关试卷
专题4 语法填空-备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破:
这是一份专题4 语法填空-备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破,文件包含专题4语法填空解析卷---备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破doc、专题4语法填空原题卷---备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破doc等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共54页, 欢迎下载使用。
专题04 连词 (练习版)---备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破:
这是一份专题04 连词 (练习版)---备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破,文件包含专题04连词练习版---备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破doc、专题04连词解析版---备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破doc等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共25页, 欢迎下载使用。
专题3 完形填空-备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破:
这是一份专题3 完形填空-备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破,文件包含专题3完形填空解析卷---备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破doc、专题3完形填空原题卷---备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破doc等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共57页, 欢迎下载使用。