专题 08 备战2022高考英语 外刊时文热点阅读理解 （系列八）

这是一份专题 08 备战2022高考英语 外刊时文热点阅读理解 （系列八），共10页。
文章2： “天问一号”成功着陆火星
文章3： 2021年世界地球日
文章4： 新加坡登加新镇—未来森林市镇
（一）
中国第一家3D打印混凝土书店在上海落成
上海智慧湾创新园区正在建造一家混凝土书店，这将是中国第一家3D打印书店。 3D打印技术是一种以数字模型文件为基础，运用粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料，通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体的技术。一起来看看这家与众不同的书店吧！
阅读短文并回答问题
A cncrete bkstre under cnstructin in Wisdm Bay innvatin（创新）park in Shanghai will be the first 3D-printed bkstre in China.
“The bkstre was printed n-site in three weeks,” said He Yuting, wh is respnsible fr this prject, frm Tsinghua University Schl f Architecture in Beijing. The printing wrk has finished and the bkstre will nw be decrated. “Cmpared with simple wrks such as a 3D-printed flwer pt, the bkstre is an innvative attempt in the architectural field, as 3D-printed architecture is cheaper than cnventinal cnstructin techniques and saves time,” he said. “What makes this bkstre s unique is that we used fiber cncrete t resist cmpressin（压缩）,” he added, nting that the flr als has a heating system.
The 3D-printed bkstre is as safe as traditinal cncrete cnstructin based n experimental data in terms f structure and earthquake resistance. With a flr area f abut 30 square meters, the 3D-printed bkstre can accmmdate 15 peple inside at a time. The cnstructin is cmpsed f three parts — the main uter rund wall, the rf, and the ther part f the utside wall. The uter rund wall was printed in situ, and the ther tw parts were printed separately.
S far, different teams in France, Switzerland and Russia all have dne similar research n 3D-printed cncrete technlgy, but China’s research and achievements in this field are amng the best in the wrld, accrding t He Yuting.
In Wisdm Bay innvatin park, there is als a 26.3-meter-lng and 3.6-meter-wide 3D-printed bridge, the wrld’s largest 3D-printed cncrete pedestrian bridge. “3D technlgy is being mre widely used in medicine and auts as well as architecture and cnstructin,” Zhu Li, manager f Wisdm Bay innvatin park and als a 3D tech expert, tld the Glbal Times. “This new technlgy will be bund t benefit us in the future.”
1. What highlights 3D-printed architecture accrding t He Yuting?
A. It’s safer and mre slid.
B. It can strngly resist heat.
C. It has a larger space inside.
D. It’s cheaper and time-saving.
2. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. The structure f the 3D-printed bkstre.
B. The significance f the 3D-printing technlgy.
C. The reasn fr building the 3D-printed bkstre.
D. The feature f cnventinal cncrete cnstructin.
3. What is Zhu Li’s attitude twards 3D technlgy?
A. Disapprving.B. Hpeful.C. Uncaring.D. Cnservative.
4. Which sectin f a magazine is this text prbably taken frm?
A. Diet and health.
B. Fashin and entertainment.
C. Science and technlgy.
D. Educatin and culture.
【参考答案】：1-4 DABC
【短语】
1. in terms f 根据……
2. be cmpsed f 由……组成
3. in situ 在原地；在原来的位置
4. pedestrian bridge 人行天桥
【知识拓展】
3D Printing
3D打印，属于快速成形技术的一种，它是一种以数字模型文件为基础，运用粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料，通过逐层堆叠累积的方式来构造物体的技术（即“积层造形法”）。过去其常在模具制造、工业设计等领域被用于制造模型，现正逐渐用于一些产品的直接制造。特别是一些高价值应用（比如髋关节、牙齿或一些飞机零部件）已经开始使用这种技术打印而成的零部件，这意味着“3D打印”这项技术的普及。
（二）
“天问一号”成功着陆火星
2021年5月15日，天问一号探测器成功着陆于火星乌托邦平原南部预选着陆区，标志着中国首次火星探测任务着陆火星取得成功。天问一号探测器由环绕器、着陆器和巡视器组成，总重量达5吨左右。在飞行近10个月后，“祝融号”火星车完成了天问一号“绕、着、巡”的第二步。至此，中国成为了世界上第二个成功着陆火星的国家。
阅读短文并回答问题
The lander（着陆器）carrying China’s first Mars rver successfully tuched dwn n the red planet early Saturday mrning Beijing Time. It is the first time China has landed a prbe n a planet ther than Earth.
Tianwen-1, cnsisting f an rbiter, a lander and a rver, was launched frm the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site n the cast f suthern China’s island prvince f Hainan n July 23, 2020. This is the first step in China’s planetary explratin f the slar system, with the purpse f cmpleting rbiting, landing and rving n the red planet in ne missin.
The name Tianwen, meaning “questins t Heaven”, cmes frm a pem written by the ancient Chinese pet Qu Yuan (abut 340-278 BC). China’s first Mars rver is named Zhurng after the gd f fire in ancient Chinese mythlgy, which eches with the Chinese name f the red planet: Huxing (the planet f fire).
Tianwen-1 was launched via a Lng March-5 rcket, China’s largest launch vehicle. Tianwen-1 has been traveling in space fr nearly 10 mnths. It has carried ut fur rbital crrectins and a deep-space maneuver. It had flwn 475 millin km and was 192 millin km frm Earth when it reached Mars rbit.
The craft’s plummet（骤降）thrugh the Martian（火星的）atmsphere, lasting abut nine minutes, was extremely cmplicated with n grund cntrl, and had t be perfrmed by the spacecraft autnmusly.
“Such a challenging attempt is characterized by a successin f cmplex activities that must be cnducted cmpletely by the spacecraft within a very shrt perid f time,” said Geng Yan, an fficial with the Lunar Explratin and Space Prgram Center f the CNSA. “What added t the difficulties was that we dn’t knw much abut the Martian atmsphere, which brught a lt f uncertainties t the missin. Each step had nly ne chance, and the actins were clsely linked. If there had been any flaw, the landing wuld have failed.”
1. What is the missin f Tianwen-1?
A. T recrd the wind speed n Mars.
B. T explre the atmsphere f Mars.
C. T search fr aliens in the slar system.
D. T accmplish three majr tasks n Mars.
2. What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. The intrductin f the pet Qu Yuan.
B. The reasns fr the craft landing n Mars.
C. The rigin f tw names Tianwen and Zhurng.
D. The imprtance f ancient Chinese mythlgy.
3. What d the numbers in paragraph 4 mainly indicate?
A. The huge task f Tianwen-1.
B. The surrundings f the Mars rbit.
C. The expense f traveling in space.
D. The size f the Lng March-5 rcket.
4. Why was it difficult fr the spacecraft t plummet?
A. It carried t many supplies.
B. It was t fast t be cntrlled.
C. It had traveled in space fr a very lng time.
D. It had t cmplete the actins independently.
5. What can we knw frm Geng Yan’s wrds?
A. China’s attempt t explre Mars is successful.
B. Landing n Mars is a very challenging mve.
C. Peple are enthusiastic abut explring the universe.
D. Tianwen-1 is essential t China’s space statin prgram.
【参考答案】：DCADB
【单词】
1. rbiter n.（绕天体作轨道运行的）宇宙飞船；轨道飞行器
2. rbit v. 沿轨道运行；围绕……运动
【短语】
1. Mars rver 火星车
2. tuch dwn （飞机、航天器等）着陆，降落
3. ech with 与……相呼应
4. grund cntrl （统称）地面导航人员；地面制导设备
【长难句】
What added t the difficulties was that we dn’t knw much abut the Martian atmsphere, which brught a lt f uncertainties t the missin.
分析：“What added t the difficulties”为主语从句；“that we dn’t knw much abut the Martian atmsphere”为表语从句；“which brught a lt f uncertainties t the missin”为非限制性定语从句。
译文：更困难的是：我们对火星大气层的了解并不多，这给这次任务带来了很多不确定性。
【知识拓展】
CNSA(China Natinal Space Administratin) 中国国家航天局
中国国家航天局是中华人民共和国负责民用航天管理及国际空间合作的政府机构，履行政府相应的管理职责。对航天活动实施行业管理，使其稳定、有序、健康、协调地发展。代表中国政府组织或领导开展航天领域对外交流与合作等活动。
(三)
2021年世界地球日
地球是人类赖以生存和发展的家园，它赐予人类丰富的自然资源。然而，随着科技飞速发展，地球正不断地受到破坏，资源被消耗，环境被污染。世界地球日，即每年的4月22日，是一个专为世界环境保护而设立的节日。2021年4月22日是第52个世界地球日。你对于世界地球日知道多少呢？
阅读短文并回答问题
Every year, Earth Day is celebrated n April 22, and peple all arund the wrld celebrate this day by taking part in envirnmental awareness activities and wrking twards raising awareness abut imprtant issues that ur planet Earth is currently facing, like glbal warming and pllutin.
Befre the 1970s, there were almst n envirnmental laws and industries were allwed t dump their industrial waste and fumes anywhere in the wrld. A US Senatr by the name f Gaylrd Nelsn was cncerned by the grwing levels f pllutin. S in the spring f 1970, Senatr Nelsn created Earth Day as a way t prmte awareness abut these issues in the US. His plan was successful, as 20 millin Americans started a demnstratin（示威游行）fr Earth Day arund the wrld. As a result, the US gvernment started an agency called the U.S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency. Over the next few years, the mvement spread acrss the wrld and Earth Day became internatinally recgnised.
The theme f Earth Day 2021 is “restre ur Earth”. The fcus f this year’s theme is restring Earth’s natural prcesses and ecsystems. Apart frm that, the gal f this year’s Earth Day is t fcus n taking green technlgies and innvative（创新的）actins t restre the Earth’s natural ecsystem. Mre than stpping pllutin and glbal warming, this year’s Earth Day fcuses n reversing the damage caused t the Earth.
Despite strict envirnmental laws in many cuntries acrss the wrld, prblems such as glbal warming, air pllutin and climate change cntinue t threaten ur planet. Many scientists arund the wrld are warning us abut the already irreversible prblems that have been created by micrplastics, il spills and depletin（消耗）f the zne layer. If the human race cntinues n the same path as befre, the extinctin f the human race is nt t far ff in the future. Earth Day seeks t help raise peple’s awareness arund the wrld abut these issues and bring psitive changes, s future generatins stand a chance f living a safer life.
1. Which activity is suitable t celebrate Earth Day?
A. Plastic waste cllectin.
B. A lng-distance bicycle race.
C. A lecture abut human rights.
D. Medical research n cancers.
2. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The histry f Earth Day.
B. The success f Gaylrd Nelsn.
C. Envirnmental changes in the 1970s.
D. The establishment f envirnmental laws.
3. What is special abut this year’s Earth Day?
A. It helps t slw dwn glbal warming.
B. It aims t bring the Earth back t nrmal.
C. It fcuses n reducing individuals’ carbn ftprint.
D. It prmtes the develpment f emerging industries.
4. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T predict the future f the Earth.
B. T describe ur terrible living envirnment.
C. T state the prgress in prtecting the Earth.
D. T increase peple’s awareness f Earth Day.
【参考答案】1-4 AABD
【单词】
1. dump v.（尤指在不合适的地方）丢弃，扔掉，倾倒
2. fume n.（浓烈的或有害的）烟，气，汽
3. senatr n. 参议员
4. irreversible adj. 无法复原（或挽回）的；不能倒转的
5. micrplastic n. 塑料微粒
【短语】
zne layer 臭氧层
【长难句】
Every year, Earth Day is celebrated n April 22, and peple all arund the wrld celebrate this day by taking part in envirnmental awareness activities and wrking twards raising awareness abut imprtant issues that ur planet Earth is currently facing, like glbal warming and pllutin.
分析：该句是由and连接的两个并列句组成，分别为“Earth Day is celebrated n April 22”和“peple all arund the wrld…and pllutin”，其中“taking part in envirnmental awareness activities”和“wrking twards raising…and pllutin”为现在分词结构，和介词“by”构成介宾短语作方式状语，解释说明“celebrate”。在该介宾短语中，定语从句“that ur planet Earth…and pllutin”修饰先行词“issues”，“like glbal warming and pllutin”补充说明“issues that ur planet Earth is currently facing”。
译文：每年的4月22日是世界地球日，世界各地的人们通过参加环保意识活动来庆祝这一天，努力提高人们对地球目前面临的重要问题的意识，比如全球变暖和污染。
【知识拓展】
U.S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA)
美国国家环境保护局是美国联邦政府的一个独立行政机构，主要负责维护自然环境和保护人类健康不受环境危害影响。EPA由美国总统尼克松提议设立，在获国会批准后于1970年12月2日成立并开始运行。
（四）
新加坡登加新镇—未来森林市镇
登加新镇位于新加坡西部，占地700公顷，未来约建造4.2万个住宅单位。这将是新加坡的第24个市镇，政府花重金打造，也是各种黑科技和新概念的试验田。该镇将会是新加坡首个“森林镇”、首个“无车市镇中心”、以及首个“智慧镇”。
阅读短文并回答问题
Prmising 42,000 new hmes acrss five residential districts, the ec-twn f Tengah will be the 24th new settlement built by Singapre’s gvernment since Wrld War II. It is, hwever, the first with centralized cling, autmated trash cllectin and a car-free twn center, which cnservatinists hpe ffers a rad map fr slashing（大幅度削减）carbn emissins in the Sutheast Asian city-state.
Althugh cmparatively small, with a ppulatin f under 6 millin peple, Singapre’s per capita emissins are higher than thse f the UK, China and neighbring Malaysia, accrding t the cuntry’s Natinal Climate Change Secretariat. That’s due, in part, t air cnditining, which accunts fr mre than a third f typical husehld energy cnsumptin. Glbal warming will nly exacerbate（使加剧）this dependence. The Meterlgical Service Singapre (MSS) has predicted that, by the end f this century, average daily temperatures in the city-state may be at least 34.1 degrees Celsius “almst every day” during the eight warmest mnths f the year.
As such, keeping cl will, increasingly, be a necessity fr residents. Rather than demnizing（妖魔化）air cnditining, Tengah’s planners have instead sught t reimagine it. Cld water, chilled using slar pwer, will be piped thrugh the district’s hmes, meaning residents dn’t need t install inefficient utdr AC cndensers. Accrding t the twn’s energy prvider, SP Grup, this will generate carbn dixide savings equivalent t taking 4,500 cars ff the rads each year.
Planners used cmputer mdeling t simulate wind flw and heat gain acrss the twn, helping t reduce the s-called urban heat island effect. Elsewhere, “smart” lights will switch ff when public spaces are unccupied, and trash will be stred centrally, with mnitrs detecting when garbage needs cllecting. All residents will have access t the app allwing them t mnitr their energy and water usage. Digital displays in each blck will meanwhile infrm ccupants f their cllective envirnmental impact, which culd even encurage cmpetitin between residential blcks.
Regardless f whether the use f smart technlgy can significantly reduce greenhuse gas emissins r nt, engaging residents with their wn cnsumptin culd encurage behaviral change, accrding t Perrine Hamel, an assistant prfessr at Nanyang Technlgical University’s Asian Schl f the Envirnment. “Changing behavir is ging t be an integral part f achieving climate targets and, f curse, urban design is the first way t affect and change behavir,” she said.
1. What can we knw abut Tengah frm paragraph 1?
A. It ffers free cars t every resident.
B. It faces serius envirnmental prblems.
C. It features a sustainable urban design.
D. It’s the first ec-twn in Sutheast Asia.
2. What is the purpse f paragraph 2?
A. T predict climate change in the future.
B. T warn peple nt t use air cnditining.
C. T explain the imprtance f cnserving energy.
D. T stress the necessity f adpting efficient cling.
3. What will happen t Tengah’s residents accrding t paragraph 4?
A. They will be able t check their energy usage.
B. They will be required t dispse f garbage n their wn.
C. They will be invlved in varius cmpetitive activities.
D. They will n lnger be affected by the urban heat island effect.
4. Why des Perrine Hamel think highly f smart urban design?
A. It helps efficiently reduce carbn emissins.
B. It prmtes changes in peple’s behavir.
C. It encurages the decrease in energy cnsumptin.
D. It brings mre cnvenience t peple’s lives.
【参考答案】1-4 CDAB
【单词】
1. rad map 指南
2. emissin n. 排放
3. per capita adj. 人均的
4. equivalent adj. 相等的
5. simulate v. 模拟
6. integral adj. 必需的
【短语】
AC cndenser (air cnditining cndenser) 空气冷凝器
【知识拓展】
1. Natinal Climate Change Secretariat (NCCS)
新加坡国家气候变化秘书处，由总理办公室负责制定和实施新加坡国内和国际政策和战略，以应对气候变化。NCCS的责任范围是：促进各部门减少碳排放的努力；帮助新加坡适应气候变化的影响；利用气候变化带来经济和绿色增长机会；鼓励公众对气候变化的认识和行动。
2. Meterlgical Service Singapre (MSS)
新加坡气象局是新加坡国家环境局（Natinal Envirnment Agency, Singapre）的一个部门。它的使命是观察和了解影响新加坡的天气和气候，并为国家需要和国际合作提供支持服务。
3. SP Grup(Singapre Pwer Grup)
SP集团是亚太地区领先的能源公用事业公司，在新加坡和澳大利亚拥有并经营电力和天然气输送及分销业务。在新加坡，约160万的工业、商业和住宅客户受益于SP世界级的传输、分销和市场支持服务。