12 定语从句-备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国通用)

这是一份12 定语从句-备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国通用)，文件包含12定语从句解析版-备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练全国通用doc、12定语从句原卷版-备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练全国通用doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共20页， 欢迎下载使用。
备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国通用）
12 定语从句
【知识框架】
I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例 句
备 注
关系代 词
who
人
主语
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom
人
宾语
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose
人或物
定语
I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that
人或物
主语，宾语
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which
物
主语，宾语
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as
人或物
主语，宾语
He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
as做宾语一般不省略
关系副 词
when
时间
时间状语
I will never forget the day when we met there.
可用on which
where
地点
地点状语
This is the house where I was born.
可用in which
why
原因
原因状语
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
可用for which
II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别
情 况
用法说明
例 句
只用that的情况
1.先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时
2.先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时
3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
4.先行词既指人又指物时
5.先行词被the only, the very修饰时
6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时
1.He told me everything that he knows.

2.All the books that you offered has been given out.

3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5.He is the only man that I want to see.
6.Who is the man that is making a speech?
只用which, who, whom的情况
1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。

1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.

2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.

3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
III. as、which和that的区别
从句
区 别
例 句
限制性
定语从句中
名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which
He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性
定语从句中
as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。
They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
the same... as和
the same ...that
the same... as指同类事物
the same ...that 指原物
That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把）
That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。
注意：the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。
IV.定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别
类 别
区 别
例 句
定语从句
与
并列句
定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
①Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer．
②Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer．
从结构上看，①小题是定语从句，故填whom；
②小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them。
定语从句
与
状语从句
定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而状语从句没有先行词。
This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.
这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为the place）
Let’s go where we can find a better job.
我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）
定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词，只能放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。
Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句）
It was already five o’clock when the class was over.
=When the class was over, it was already five o’clock.
当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句）
When, where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时却不行。
This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked.
这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句）
Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。（状语从句）
定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它则从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。
It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。
（as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是定语从句）
It is such an interesting book that we all like it.
它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。
（that不充当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句）
定语从句
与
同位语从句
定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关系。
The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy.
她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。（同位语从句）
此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had passed the exam
可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passed the exam.
The news that he told us interested all of us.
他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。（定语从句）
The news that he told us 是定语从句，此句不能改写为：The news is that he told us.
定语从句
与
强调句
强调句的结构为“It is／was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替 that。
①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport．
②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works．
从结构上看：
①小题是强调句，故填 that。
②小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知the factory前差个介词in，故填 where。
【能力提升】
1. In the spring, a season ________ we are 1earning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
2. The pen ________he wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.
A. with which B. on which C. for which D. in which
3. The first thing ________my brother is going to do this afternoon is to study physics.
A. which B. what C. that D. in which
4. When he goes to his hometown ,he always wants to visit the place________he grew up.
A. which B. that C. where D. on which
5. She lived in the house________she used to visit.
A. which B. whom C. who D. what
6. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food ________ is provided by Mon with appreciation.
A. what B. that C. which D. whose
7. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather will be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
8. Yesterday she sold her car， ________ she bought a month ago.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
9. You should make it a rule to leave things in the places ________ you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. which
10. Learning is a process ______ we adapt ourselves to our surroundings.
A. when B. how C. that D. where
11. After a while, she apologized for the way ______ she behaved at the beginning.
A. that B. where C. which D. on which
12. It was in the 1980s, _____ he was already in his fifties, ____ his career as a poet began to take off.
A. when; when B. that; that C. that; when D. when; that
13. —Do you like the red car ________ was made in Shanghai?
—Yes. It looks cool.
A. where B. who C. whose D. which
14. The Palace Museum released such fascinating lipstick collections in six colors________fashion lovers cannot help buying.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
15. The Shoton Festival in Tibet was originally a religious occasion ________locals would offer yogurt to monks who had finished meditation retreats.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
16. Both Stan Lee and Louis Cha may have stopped writing in the 1970s, but their works live on and will continue to change the way________we think and act.
A. how B. which C. what D. that
17. Donald survived when the car ________ he was in crashed into a truck from the opposite side.
A. as B. where C. that D. once
18. He got himself into a dangerous situation ________he was likely to lose control over the plane.
A. while B. which C. where D. why
19. In the UK, what impressed me most was the Information Association,________ I got lots of chances to practice myself.
A. when B. that C. which D. where
20. Linda,________to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
A. with who I went B. I went with
C. with whom I went D. with which I went
21. She had three daughters altogether, two____________are nurses.
A. of these B. of them C. of whose D. of whom
22. He forgot all____________I had said to him.
A. what B. which C. that D. when
23. The “face-palm” is one of the 10 hot emojis nowadays used by young people, _______ many are frequently employed in online chats.
A. of whom B. to whom C. through which D. of which
24. Uncle Tom lives in a mountainous village, ________ is two hours' ride from here.
A. where B. in which C. which D. that
25. Adapted from Liu Cixin’s novel, the hit film The Wandering Earth reportedly had a budget of nearly $50 million, much of _______ spent on content and special effects.
A. which B. them C. it D. what
26. She wrote a lot of books, most of ________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. which B. them C. it D. that
27. It was in the small house __________ was built with stones by his father __________ he spent his childhood.
A. that, that B. where, that C. where, when D. where, which
28. The result of the experiment was very good, ________ we hadn’t expected.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
29. In an hour, we can travel to places ________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
30. In Canada, I could get lots of information outside in the Student Activity, ________ impressed me most.
A. where B. that C. which D. when
31. There are two thousand students in our school, ________ are girls.
A. two-thirds in which B. two-thirds in them
C. two-thirds of them D. of whom two thirds
32. It is few people, ________ have come to ask for the position, ________ fit for the job.
A. who; who do I think is B. that; I think is
C. that; who I think are D. who; that I think are
33. On New Year’s Eve, a big fire swept through a top nightclub in Bangkok, killing at least 60 people, most of ________were foreigners.
A. them B. who C. which D. whom
34. Wolf Warrior II is really an inspiring film ________ Leng Feng helps Chinese workers and African locals to escape from an African country.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
35. The Chinese general said in an interview that the PLA would do all _______ they can to protect every inch of our territory (领土).
A. which B. that C. who D. as
36. Have you ever been in an embarrassing situation, my dear friends, ________ you can’t change but have to face?
A. where B. who C. which D. when
37. Della had only one dollar and eighty-seven cents ________ Jim, her Husband, a Christmas present.
A. to buy B. which to buy C. for him to buy D. with which to buy
38. The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away _____ there was a garage.
A. which B. what C. on which D. where
39. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ______ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
A. which B. to which C. in which D. when
40. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained.
41. We’re trying to reach a point ________ both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
42. They talked about the persons and things _______they remembered.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
43. Mary is the girl _______parents are working in China.
A. who B. whose C. that D. which
44. It is the best film _______ I have ever seen.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
45. Tom is the boy ________is good at English.
A. which B. who C. whom D. /


参考答案
1. A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。
2. A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他写那本书用的钢笔现在可以在博物馆里看到。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词the pen，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，write with为固定用法，意为“用……写”，with提到关系代词which前面。故选A。
3. C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我弟弟今天下午要做的第一件事是学物理。此处为定语从句修饰先行词thing，先行词在从句中作宾语，且由序数词修饰，只能用that引导。故选C。
4. C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当他回到家乡时，他总是想去参观他长大的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是 place，指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选C。
5. A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她住在她过去常去参观的那所房子里。此处为定语从句修饰先行词house，先行词在从句中作宾语，指物，故用关系代词that或which引导。故选A。
6. B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：明白她的好意，我带着感激之情吃了所有Mon准备的食物。分析句子成分可知，the food作先行词，且从句中缺少主语，所以应用关系代词，结合语法知识点可知，当先行词前有不定代词修饰时，关系代词应用that。故选B。
7. D
【解析】考查 定语从句。句意：我们将推迟野餐到下周，那时候天气可能会好点儿. 句中先行词为next week，在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选D。
8. D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：昨天她把车卖了，那车是她一个月前买的。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词her car，在从句中作宾语，应该用which引导该从句，故选D。
9. B
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：你应该把东西放在你能再找到的地方。分析句子可知，句中包含定语从句，先行词是places，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句，故选B。
10. D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：学习是我们适应环境的过程。此处为定语从句修饰先行词process，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选D。
11. A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：过了一会儿，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。此处为定语从句修饰先行词way，way作先行词时，定语从句应用that、in which或省略关系词。故选A。
12. D
【解析】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：正是在20世纪80年代，当他已经五十多岁，他的诗人生涯才开始腾飞。分析可知，第一空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词1980s在从句作时间状语，应用关系副词when；去掉it was和第二空句子依然完整，故该空考查强调句：it be+强调部分+that（强调人可用who）...，本句强调时间状语，应用that。综上，故选D。
13. D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：——你喜欢那辆上海制造的红色小汽车吗?——是的。它看起来很酷。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是car，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选D。
14. C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：故宫博物院推出如此吸引人的六种故宫国宝色口红，时尚爱好者争相购买。分析可知，空格处是定语从句，先行词是lipstick collections，定语从句中关系代词作 buying的宾语。such......that......( 如此 .... 以致于 )引导结果状语从句，that不做句子成分；such.....as.....引导定语从句，as作句子成分。which表示：哪一个；what什么，引导名词性从句。故选C。
15. D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：西藏的雪顿节最初是一个宗教节日，当地人会向禅修结束的僧侣们提供酸奶。句中先行词为occasion，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选D。
16. D
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：斯坦·李和查良镛可能在20世纪70年代就停止写作了，但他们的作品将继续存在，并将继续改变我们思考和行动的方式。根据句意可知，句子______ we think and act对名词way起修饰限定作用，所以这是定语从句；先行词为way时，关系词用that或in which或不填。故选D项。
17. C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当唐纳德所在的那辆汽车从对面撞上了一辆卡车时，他幸免于难。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为the car，指物，关系词代替它在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which或that。故选C。
18. C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他使自己陷入一个很危险的境地，可能会失去对飞机的控制。句中先行词为situation，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选C。
19. D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在英国，给我印象最深的是信息协会，在那里我有很多机会锻炼自己。分析句子结构可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Information Association，且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选D。
20. C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：和我一起去听音乐会的琳达非常喜欢音乐会。go with sb“ 和某人一起去”，with提前构成“ 介词+关系代词”构成的定语从句，先行词为Linda，作with的宾语。所以本句为“with whom”引导的定语从句。故选C项。
21. D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她一共有三个女儿，其中两个是护士。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词three daughters，作介词of的宾语，指人，在“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句中，指人，只能用whom。故选D。
22. C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他把我对他说的话全忘了。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词all，先行词在从句中作宾语，为不定代词，只能用that引导。故选C。
23. D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：捂脸表情是如今年轻人使用的十大最热表情之一，其中很多表情在网络聊天时被频繁使用。本句中先行词是 emojis（表情），根据从句和先行词的关系可知，应该用of表示所属关系，即many of emojis。因此用 which指代emojis。故选D。
24. C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：汤姆叔叔住在一个山村，距离这里有两小时的路程。分析句子可知，空格处是非限制性定语从句，在从句中缺少主语。where =介词+ which，在从句中做状语，因此排除A和B。D that不能引导非限制性定语从句，因此排除D。故选C。
25. A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：据报道，改编自刘慈欣的小说的热门电影《流浪地球》的预算将近有五千万，其中大部分用在了内容和特效上。分析句子结构可知，此处使用的是非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词$50 million，指物，并在从句中作介词of的宾语，故选择A项。
26. A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她写了很多书，它们中大多数被翻译成了外语。分析可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为books，指物，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which，介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which。故选A。
27. A
【解析】考查定语从句和强调句式。句意：他的童年就是在他父亲用石头建造的小房子里度过的。分析句子可知，第一空引导定语从句，small house为先行词，作定语从句的主语，关系代词为that或者which，第二个空为强调句式：it be+强调部分+that（强调人可用who）+其它成分，强调地点用that。故选A项。
28. B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：实验的结果非常好，这是我们没有料到的。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子，从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选B。
29. C
【解析】考查关系代词。句意：在一个小时内，我们就可以去那些我们的祖先需要几天才能到达的地方。分析句子可知，places为先行词，作定语从句的主语，关系代词为which。故选C项。
30. C
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在加拿大，我可以在户外的学生活动中获得很多信息，这给我留下了最深刻的印象。分析句子可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子作主语。故选C项。
31. D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们学校有2000名学生，其中三分之二是女生。two thirds of +名词或者代词，将of提前，构成介词+关系代词，本句的先行词为two thousand students，作of的宾语，关系代词为whom。故选D项。
32. D
【解析】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：我认为来应聘这个岗位的人都很少人能适合这个工作。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句和强调句。定语从句“________ have come to ask for the position”的先行词为few people，在定语从句中作主语，指人，故填who；此句为强调句，故第二空填that，故选D。
33. D
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：新年前夕，曼谷一家顶级夜总会发生大火，造成至少60人死亡，其中大部分是外国人。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是60 people，指人，在从句中做介词of的宾语，用关系代词whom。故选D项。
34. D
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：《战狼2》确实是一部鼓舞人心的电影，在电影里冷锋帮助中国工人和非洲当地人逃离一个非洲国家。此处是定语从句，先行词是an inspiring film，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故选D项。
35. B
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这位中国将军在接受采访时表示，解放军将尽其所能保护我们的每一寸领土。_______ they can (do)是定语从句，修饰先行词不定代词all，先行词在从句中作宾语，只能用关系代词that。故选B项。
36. C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：亲爱的朋友们，你是否曾陷入过无法改变却不得不面对的尴尬境地?句中先行词为situation，在非限定性定语从句中作宾语，指物，that不能引导非限定性定语从句，所以用关系代词which引导。故选C。
37. D
【解析】考查介词+关系代词+to do的结构。句意：Della仅有1美元87美分用来给她的丈夫Jim买一份圣诞礼物。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中充当了one dollar and eighty-seven cents的定语，相当于定语从句with which she could buy Jim, her husband, a Christmas present，当定语从句的主语和主句主语相同的时候常常可以省略成“关系词+to do”的结构；本题中关系词前介词with表示“用”，故选D项。
38. D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：村长把马拴在我的车上，要把车拉到20公里外的一个有车库的小镇上。分析句子可知，此句为分割式定语从句，先行词为a small town，在从句中作地点状语，故选D。
39. A
【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：该评论的两位作者还在2014年发表了一项研究，该研究表明，每天只需跑步5到10分钟，就能降低各种原因导致的心脏病和早亡的风险。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为study，关系代词which引导从句，指代事物，在从句中作主语。故选A项。
40. A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他在会上解释他工作粗心的原因吗？分析句子可知，本句为定语从句，先行词为the reason，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，可以用which和that引导该从句，关系词也可以省略。故选A项。
41. A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们正试图达成一个双方都会坐在一起讨论的点。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为point，关系词代替它在从句作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where。故选A。
42. B
【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：他们谈论着他们所记得的人和事。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the persons and things，当先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词只能用that。故选B项。
43. B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：玛丽就是那个父母在中国工作的女孩。分析句子成分可知，the girl作先行词，空格处应填定语从句的引导词，且从句中缺少定语，所以应用whose。故选B。
44. C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是我曾看过的最好的电影。分析句子结构可知，本句使用了限制性定语从句，先行词“film”指物，由最高级修饰，关系代词必须用that。故选择C项。
45. B
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：汤姆就是那个英语学得好的男孩。A.which哪一个（指物，作主语或宾语）；B.who谁（指人，作主语或宾语）；C.whom谁（指人，作宾语）。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词the boy，关系词指代人并在从句中作主语，故填who。故选B项。