2022年河北省文安县文安镇中学中考英语专项复习一（代词）

这是一份2022年河北省文安县文安镇中学中考英语专项复习一（代词），共114页。试卷主要包含了代词的分类，sme 一些，any 一些，ne,nes 为复数形式等内容，欢迎下载使用。

文安联衡中学初三专项复习一（代词）
代词的分类及专项提能选择题
一、代词的分类:
代词可分为十类.:
一）、人称代词
二）、物主代词
三）、反身代词
四）、相互代词
五）、指示代词
六）、疑问代词
七）、关系代词
八）、不定代词
九）、连接代词
十）、替代词
二．例词：
一）人称代词： 主格：I我 you你 he他 she她 they他们 we我们
宾格：me我 you你 him他 her她 them他们 us我们
二）物主代词： my我的 his他的 your你的（your你们的） their他们的 her她的
三）指示代词： this这 that那 these这些 those 那些
四）反身代词：myself我自己 himself他自己 themselves他们自己 yourself你(们)自己herself她自己
五）疑问代词：who谁 what什么 which哪个
六）不定代词：some一些 many许多 both两个；两个都 any许多
七）关系代词：which……的物 who……的人 that……的人或物 who谁 that引导定语从句
八）相互代词： each other 互相 one another互相
九）连接代词 ：who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever
十）替代词：one（单数），ones（复数）
三．用法详解
一) 人称代词：
人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。是表示自身或人称的代词。
人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：


单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
他
he
him
they
them
她
she
her
它
it
不定
one
ones
如：He is my friend.　他是我的朋友。
It's me.　是我。
人称代词可用作主语，表语，宾语以及介词宾语。
I am a worker,I work in the factory.我是一个工人，我在工厂工作。
You are a good teacher.你是一位优秀教师。
She is a little girl.她是一个小女孩。
It's a heavy box,I can't carry it.这是一个重盒子，我搬不动。
It's me. Open the door quickly.是我，快开门。
Don't tell him about it.不要告诉他这件事情。
She is always ready to help us.她随时都在准备帮助我们。
Our teacher is very strict with us.我们的老师对我们很严格。
人称代词中几个注意的情况：
1.第一人称单数代词 " I（我）" 不论在什么地方都要大写。
I study English every day.我天天学习英语。
" we " 常常代替" I "表示一种同读者，听众或观众之间的亲密关系。
We shall do our best to help the poor.我们将尽全力帮助贫困者。
2. she "常常代替国家，城市，宠物等，表示一种亲密或爱抚的感情。
I live in China。She is a great country.我住在中国.她是一个伟大的国家。
3." it " 可指身份不清人、天气、环境、时间。可用作形式主语、形式宾语或强调句型。
It's me. Open the door,please.是我，请开门。
" they " 有时代替一般人.
They say you are good at computer.他们说你精通计算机。
4.人称代词做主语用主格，做宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下情况：
在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。
如：He is taller than me.但在下列句子中有区别。
I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.
I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him,too.
5.两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
1）、在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一（人称）。宾格me也一样。
You,she and I will be in charge of the case.
Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.
2）、第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。He and she still don't agree to the plan.
6）.人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。
说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：
When he arrived,John went straight to the bank.
约翰一到就直接去银行了。
7）.人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如：
I saw her with them,at least,I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾 语，them做介词宾语，her做主语补语）
A: -- Who broke the vase?　--谁打碎了花瓶？
B: -- Me.　--我。（me做主语补语= It's me.）
8)说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。
主宾替换
（1） 宾格代替主格
①在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。
---- I like English.　--我喜欢英语。
---- Me too.　--我也喜欢。
---- Have more wine?　--再来点酒喝吗?
---- Not me.　--我可不要了。
②在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
（2） 主格代替宾格
①. 在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。
②. 在电话用语中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。
---- This is she.　--我就是玛丽。
注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
I thought it was she.　我以为是她。　（主格——---主格）
I thought it to be her.　（宾格——---宾格）
I was taken to be she.　我被当成了她。　（主格——---主格）
They took me to be her.　他们把我当成了她。　（宾格——---宾格）

二) 物主代词：
1）、概念：表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。列表如下。
形容词性物主代词
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yours
hers
ours
yours
theirs

我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他们的
2）、物主代词的用法：
（1）、形容词性物主代词可用作定语，例如：
I love my country.我热爱我的国家。
Is this your car?这是你的汽车吗?
（2）、名词性的物主代词可用作主语，宾语，表语以及与"of" 连接的定语。
That car is mine,not yours.那辆汽车是我的，不是你的。
These books are ours.这些书是我们的。
Whose bag is it? It's hers.这是谁的书包? 是她的。
Yesterday I met a friend of mine in the street.昨天我在街上碰见了我的一位朋友。
三)反身代词：
1)、概念：表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己，他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。反身代词第一，二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加 "-self " （复数加 -selves )
2）、构成：第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加 - self （复数加 - selves ) 构成。

第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
第三人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
3）、反身代词的用法：
(1)反身代词可用作宾语，表语，主语的同位语和宾语的同位语。用作同位语时表示强调"本人，自己"。
I am teaching myself computer.我自学计算机。
Take good care of yourself.把自己照顾好。
The child himself drew this picture.孩子自己画的这张画。
You should ask the children themselves.你应该问一问孩子们自己。
四)相互代词：
概念：表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other 和one another两组。
如：They love each other.　他们彼此相爱。
I have two brother,one is a teacher ,the other is a doctor.我有两个哥哥，一位是教师，另一位是医生。
五)指示代词：
1)、概念：表示这个，那个，这些，那些以及it,such,same等词叫做指示代词。指示代词在句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。
That is a red car.那是一辆红色汽车。
What do you like? I like this.你喜欢什么? 我喜欢这个。
I should say I know that.我应该说我知道这件事情。
2)、用法：
（1）、this 和 these 表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。
This is a book.这是一本书。
These are cars.这些是汽车。
I am busy these days.我这些日子很忙。
that 和those 表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。
That is not a room.那不是一间房间。
Those are trees.那些是树。
（2）、that 和those 还可以指前文中的事物，this 和 these 指下文中将要讲到的事物。他们起一种承上或启下的作用。
I got up late,that's why I missed the bus.我起床迟了，这就是为什么我没赶上汽车。
（3）、指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样，都具有指定的含义。
（4）、指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如：
限定词：This girl is Mary.　Those men are my teachers.
代词：　This is Mary.　Those are my teachers.
六) 疑问代词：
1)、概念：表示“谁（who），谁 (whom），谁的（whose），什么（what），哪个或哪些 (which）”等词叫疑问代词。
2）、用法：
（1）、疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）
如：Tell me who he is.　告诉我他是谁。
（2）、疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，疑问代词一般放在句子的最前面，在句中可用作主语，宾语，表语，定语。
Who is here just now?刚才谁在这儿?
Whom are you looking for?你在找谁?
Whose exercise-book is this?这是谁的练习本?
What is this?这是什么?
Which one do you like,this one or that one?你喜欢哪一个，这个还是那个?
（3、）疑问代词还可以引导一个间接疑问句，也就是一个从句。疑问代词在句中可用作从句的主语，宾语，表语等成分。
What we should do is still unknown.我们该干什么仍然还不知道。
I know whom he is looking for.我知道他在找谁。
七)、关系代词：
概念：关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词。关系代词有 who,whose,whom,that,which,as, 可用作引导从句的关联词,它们在句中可用作主语，表语，宾语，定语. 在主句中，它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。
This is the man who helped me yesterday.这个男人昨天帮了我。
八)不定代词：
1)、概念：没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词，常用不定代词如下：
all,any,another,both,each,every,either,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other,some以及由 some,any,no,every 和 body,one,thing 构成的复合词。
2）、用法：
不定代词代替名词或形容词.在句中可用作主语，宾语，表语和定语。
Everybody should be here in time tomorrow.明天大家都要按时到。
I know nothing about it.这件事情我一点都不知道。
That's all I know.这就是我知道的。
I go to school every day.我每天去学校上学。
3）、常见的不定代词有all，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody， something，no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如：
--- Do you have a car?　--你有一辆小汽车吗？
--- Yes，I have one.　--是的，我有一辆。
--- I don't know any of them.　他们，我一个也不认识。
（1）、any：一些，任何。any 多用作否定或疑问句中，any 在句中作主语，宾语，定语。any作定语时，所修饰的名词没有单复数限制，一般多用复数，any 用在肯定句中，表示"任何"。
Do you have any books?你有书吗?
You can come any time.你什么时候都可以来。
（2）、some：一些，某些，某个。some 多用在肯定句中，表示邀请或者对方可能给予肯定回答的疑问句中等。
There are a lot of flowers in the garden,some are white,which I like very much.
花园里有许多花，一些是白色的，我特别喜欢。
I am going to get some ink.我去弄点墨水。
Will you have some coffee,please?喝点咖啡吗？
（3）、no：无.在句中作定语.表示否定，语气要比 not any 强.
She knows no English.她根本就不懂英语。
I have no bike.我没有自行车。
（4）、None 既可以指人也可以指物，其后通常接of短语，用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若指复数名词时，则谓语可用单数（较正式），也可以用复数（非正式语体）如：
None of the milk can be used.
None of the films is/are worth seeing.
（5）、many：许多.在句中作主语，宾语，定语. many 在句中代替可数名词。
Many of the students like English very much.许多学生非常喜欢英语。
I have many books to give you.我有许多书要给你。
（6）、much：许多。在句中作主语，宾语，定语。much 在句中代替不可数名词。
There is not much ink in the bottle.瓶子里没多少墨水了。
（7）、a few,a little,few,little.：几个，一点儿，没几个，没多少。它们在句中作主语，宾语，定语，其中 a few 和 few 代替可数名词，a little　和 little 代替不可数名词，它们表示少量，不多，几个，只是主观上的一种相对说法，并没有具体的数量标准。
Few of the books are cheap now.现在没几本儿书是便宜的。
A few friends came to see me yesterday.昨天有几个朋友来看我。
I have a little money to buy the book.我的这点钱能买这本书。
There is little water in the thermos.暖水瓶没多少水了。
九)、连接代词：
1)、概念：连接代词的用法连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever 等，它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，如：
I don’t know who he is. 我不知道他是谁。
What he says sounds reasonable. 他说的话听起来有道理。
The question is who(m) we should trust. 问题是我们该信任谁。
I’ll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。
Take whichever seat you like. 你喜欢坐哪个座位就坐哪个。
I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。
【注】who, whom, whoever 等不用于名词前作定语。
2）、 what 的两种不同用法，请看以下两个句子：
I didn’t know what he wanted. 我不知道他想要什么。
I gave her what she wanted. 我给了她想要的一切。
上面第一句中的 what 表示“什么”，带有疑问的意味；第二句中的 what 表示“…所…的一切事或东西”，其意义上大致相当于 that (those) which, the thing (things) that, anything that, all that, as much as等，又如：
What [=That which] you say is quite true. 你说的完全是事实。
He saves what [= all that] he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。
Call it what [= anything that] you please. 你喜欢叫它什么就叫它什么。这样用的 what 有时还可后接一个名词：He gave me what money [= all the money that] he had about him. 他把身上带的钱全给了我。 
　　What friends [=All the friends that] he has are very poor. 他所有的朋友都很穷。
3）、关于whatever, whoever与whichever它们可引导主语从句和宾语从句，如：
He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。
I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 谁想要这票，我就把它给谁。
Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多，哪个队就赢。
【注】其中的 ever 主要用于加强语气，含有“一切”、“任何”、“无论”之义。使用这类词时，注意不要按汉语习惯用错句子结构。
如：任何人(谁)先来都可以得到一张票。
误：Anyone comes first can get a ticket. / Who comes first can get a ticket
正：Anyone who comes first can get a ticket. / Whoever comes first can get a ticket.
十)、替代词:
1)、概念：为避免重复，在一个句子中常用替代词替代前面已经提到过的事物。
2）、具体用法：
（1）、that用来指代前文提到的可数名词单数或者不可数名词，表示特指，表示“一件事物”
The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than that on the small ones.
主要街道上的绿色交通信号比小的道路上的时间更长。
（2）、one 用来指代前文提到的可数名词单数，表示泛指，表示“同类事物中的一个”
‘Have you got a camera?’ ‘No.’ ‘You should buy one. (one指的是世界上任何一个照相机).
“你有照相机吗？”“没有。”“你应该买一架。”
This camera is great, I want to buy it.(it指的就是说话者现在看到的这一个照相机)
这个照相机很棒，我想买它。
（3）、ones用来指代前文提到的可数名词复数，表示泛指，表示“同类事物中的一些”
Cancer cells are so radically different from normal ones that it's almost impossible to untangle the sequence of events that made them that way.(ones指的是cells)
癌症细胞和正常细胞差异极大，要理清造成这种差异的事件的先后顺序几乎是不可能的。
While working on the new interface, Jobs would sometimes suggest what at first seemed to
be crazy ideas, but later turned out to be good ones.(ones指的是ideas)
在开发新界面的过程中，乔布斯常常会提出一些初看起来疯狂但之后成为好设计的意见。
（4）、the ones用来指代前文提到的可数名词复数，表示特指，表示“这些人或这些事物”
The people who break or manipulate the rules are the ones who really become successful.
打破或操纵规则的人才是真正会成功的人。
6 reasons why your photos don't look like the ones in magazines.
为什么你的照片看起来不像杂志上那么好看的6个原因。
（5）、those 用来指代前文提到的可数名词复数，表示特指，相当于the ones
Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except those/the ones who had already had them.
张先生把这些教科书给了所有的学生，除了那些已经有书的学生。
The products in Tanghuaseng are as good as those/the ones in Central World.
陈和盛的商品和中央世界的商品一样好。
Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald's.
通过研究温迪的菜单，我发现它家许多的东西都与麦当劳的相似。
（6）、the ones 和 those 的区别主要是：
①、the ones：前面可以用形容词修饰,也可以用后置定语修饰。
例：the good ones （正确）
the ones which are good （正确）
②、 those： 前面不可以用形容词修饰,只能用后置定语修饰。
例：good those（错误）
those which are good（正确）
【特别提示】
1、不定代词 somebody,anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone，everyone，no one， 及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he,his,him代替。
Nobody came,did he?　谁也没来，是吗?
2、动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he,she，带有亲切的感情色彩。
Give the cat some food. It is hungry.　给这猫一些吃的。它饿了。=Give the cat some food.She is hungry
3、指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。
The Natural Day is our mother’s birthday ，I think she is very happy！
4、单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：
第二人称 → 第三人称 →第一人称
you →> he/she；　it →I
You,he and I should return on time.
5) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：
第一人称 → 第二人称 →第三人称
we　→you　→They
注意：在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。
（1）、在承认错误，承担责任时，
It was I and John that made her angry.
是我和约翰惹她生气了。
（2）、 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称， 如：I and you try to finish it.
（3）、当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。
物主代词
6）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：
John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.
约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。
7）、物主代词有形容词性（my,your等）和名词性（mine,yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的　--'s属格结构，例如：
Jack's cap （形容词性物主代词）意为　The cap is Jack's. （名词性物主代词）
His cap(形容词性物主代词)意为　The cap is his.(名词性物主代词)
8)、 名词性物主代词的句法功能
（1）、 作主语，例如：
May I use your pen? Yours works better.
我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？ 你的比我的好用。
（2）、 作宾语，例如：
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。
（3）、 作介词宾语，例如：
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word,not in yours.
你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。
（4）、 作主语补语，例如：
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours.　我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。
（5）、物主代词不可与 a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every,such,another,which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。
公式为：
a,an,this,that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如：
a friend of mine.
each brother of his.
4.疑问代词
1） 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个：
指　人：who,whom,whose
指　物：what
既可指人又可指物：which
2） 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。what,which,whose还可作限定词。试比较：
疑问代词：Whose are these books on the desk?
桌上的书是谁的？
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?
美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的？
限定词：　Whose books are these on the desk?
桌上的书是谁的？
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?　哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国？
说明1：
无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如：
Which girls do you like best?
你喜欢哪几个姑娘？
What girls do you like best?
你喜欢什么样的姑娘？
说明2：
Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom，例如：
Who(m) did you meet on the street?
你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）
Who(m) are you taking the book to?
你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）
To whom did you speak on the campus?
你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置介词 后，不能用who取代。）
说明3：
疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句末。例如：
For what do most people live and work?
大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体）
What are you looking for?
你在找什么？（现代英语）
说明4：
疑问代词还可引导名词性从句，例如：
I can't make out what he is driving at.
我不知道他用意何在。
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？
Much of what you say I agree with,but I cannot go all the way with you.
你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。
5.反身代词
反身代词指主语与宾语为同一人或物，或表示一个动作回到该动作执行者身上时，要用反身代词（否则就不能用反身代词），反身代词也可以放在名词或代词（主格）后面（也可以放在句尾）起强调作用。
1） 列表
myself　 yourself　　herself　himself itself oneself

ourselves　yourselves themselves　　 oneselves

2）做宾语
(1)、 有些动词需有反身代词
absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behave
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.　我们昨晚玩得很开心。
Please help yourself to some fish.　请你随便吃点鱼。
（2）、 用于及物动词+宾语+介词
take pride in,be annoyed with,help oneself to sth.
I could not dress (myself) up at that time.　那个时候我不能打扮我自己。
注：有些动词后不跟反身代词， get up,sit-down,stand up,wake up等。
Please sit down.　请坐。
3） 作表语同位语
be oneself: I am not myself today.　我今天不舒服。
The thing itself is not important.　事情本身并不重要。
4） 在不强调的情况下，but,except,for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：
No one but myself (me) is hurt.
除了我之外没人受伤。
注意：
（1）、反身代词本身不能单独作主语。
（错） Myself drive the car.
（对） I myself drive the car.　我自己开车。
（2）、但在and,or,nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。
Charles and myself saw it.查理和我本人看到了他。
5）第二人称作宾语，要用反身代词。
You should be proud of yourself.　你应为自己感到骄傲。
6.关系代词
关系代词同时起两个作用。像其他代词一样，他们用作主语、表语、宾语和定语；同时像连词一样，它把定语从句与主句连接起来。
关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子，例如：
He said he saw me there,which was a lie.
他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。
说明：关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略， 例如：
I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.
我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。
He's changed. He's not the man he was.
他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。
7.不定代词
编辑
1）不定代词有
all,both,every,each,either,neither,more,little,few,much,many,another,other,some,any,one,no 以及some,something,anything,everything,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nothing,nobody,no one,none,everybody,everyone.等。
2） 不定代词的功能与用法
（1）、　除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。
I have no idea about it.我对此束手无策。
（2）、　all 都，指三者以上。
①all 的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。
All goes well.　一切进展得很好。
all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说 all the book，而说 the whole book。但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如 all day，all night，all the year； 但习惯上不说 all hour，all century。
all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如 all China，　all the city，　all my life， all the way ，all可与名词的复数连用，all the books。
3）　both　都，指两者。
（1）、　both 与复数动词连用，但 both… and…可与单数名词或代词连用。
（2）、both,all 都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前， be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省 去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。
--Who can speak Japanese?
--We both (all) can.
--谁能说英语？
--我们都能。
We are all students.
我们都是学生。
4）　neither　两者都不
（1）、　neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
（2）、neither作定语与单数名词连用，但neither… nor 用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。
（3）、neither可用于下列句型，避免重复。
She can't sing，neither (can) he.
neither 与nor
（4）、如neither前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。
If you don't do it，neither should I.　如果你不干，我也不干。
（5） 如neither后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。
He can't sing，nor dance，nor skate.
5) some 某些，一些，某个
不定代词some可以代替名词和形容词，常用在肯定句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（单、复数皆可）和不可数名词。例如：
some are doctors，some are nurses．有些人是医生，有些人是护士。（作主语）
6） any一些，任何
（1）、不定代词any可以代替名词和形容词，常用在否定句或疑问句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（多为复数）和不可数名词。例如：
there isn’t any ink in my pen．我的钢笔没有墨水。（作定语）
（2）、不定代词any有时也可以用在肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：
you may come at any time；i’ll be home the whole day．你任何时候来都行，我整天都将呆在家里。
不定代词any也可以用作副词，做状语，表示程度。例如：
is he any better today？他今天好一点了吗？
7）all 全体，所有（指三者以上）
不定代词all在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或同位语。它可以代表或修饰可数名词和不可数名词。代表或修饰可数名词时，指两个以上的人或物。作先行词时，引导词用that。例如：
all were present at the meeting．全都到会了。（作主语，代表可数名词）
8）none 无人或无
不定代词none的含义和all物相反，和no one，not any同义，但其用法相当于名词，在句子中一般作主语或宾语。它代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可。例如：
none of the problems is /are easy to solve．这些问题没有一个是容易解决的。（作主语， 代替可数名词）
9) either 两者之中的任何一个，这个或那个。
不定代词 either 可以作主语、宾语和定语。例如：
either of them will agree to this arrangent．他们两人中会有人同意这样的安排的。（作主语）
10) each 每个，各自的
不定代词each指每一个人或事物的个别情况，甚至指这些个别情况各不相同。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。例如：
she gave the children two apples each．她给了每个小孩两个苹果。（作the children的同位语。）
each of 作主语谓语动词用单数 ，例如
Each of workers has a gift.
每个工人都获得一份礼物。
11)、 every 每个，每一的，一切的
不定代词every有"全体"的意思，和all的意义相近，但只能作定语.
12）、none few little some
（1）、 none 无
① none作主语，多与of 构成短语none of。在答语中，none可单独使用。
--Are there any pictures on the wall?　
--None.
--有一些图画在墙上吗？
--一张也没有。
②none作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语，则其单复数与表语一致。
It is none of your business.
这是你的事物。
13）、few,little 稍许，极少数
（1）、few 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于否定句。
little 作主语时，谓语动词用单数，多用于否定句。
（2）、a few,a little一些，少数
a few 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于肯定句。
a little 作主语时，谓语动词用单数，多用于肯定句。
14）、some 一些
（1）可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。
（2）、当做"某一"解时，也可与单数名词连用。（= a certain）
You will be sorry for this some day.
总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。
A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.
某些人不同意你的看法。
注意：
(1）在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。
(2)some用于其他句式中：
①肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。
Would you like句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：
Would you like some coffee?
②在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：
If you need some help，let me know.
③some位于主语部分，
Some students haven't been there before.
④　当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。如：
I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years.
这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。
14）、any 一些
（1）、　any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。
当句中含有任何的意思时，any可用于肯定句。
Here are three novels. You may read any.　这有三本小说，你可任读一本。
15）、one,ones 为复数形式
ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some,any，而不用ones。
Have you bought any rulers?　Yes，I 've bought some.
16）one，that 和it
one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。
I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.　（不定）
我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。
The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.　（同类但不同个）
你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.　（ 同一物）
我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。
17）、one/another/the other
one… the other　只有两个
some… the others　有三个以上
one… another，another…
some… others，others…
others = other people/things
the others = the rest　剩余的全部
1) 泛指另一个用another。
2) 一定范围内两人（物），一个用one，另一个用the other。
3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another），第三个可用the other，a third。
4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。
5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。
18)\the的妙用
He is one of the students who help me.
=He is the one of the students who helps me.
他是帮我的学生之一。
第一句定语从句与the students 一致。
第二句定语从句与the one 一致。
19）、anyone/no one/
（1）．anyone 和 any one
anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。
(2)\no one 和none
①　none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。
②　none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。
None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。
---- Did any one call me up just now?　--刚才有人打电话给我吗?
---- No one.　--没有。
20)、every 和each
(1)、every 强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。
Every student in our school works hard.　我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have one book..　每个学生都可有一本书。
（2）、　every 指三个以上的人或物（含三个），each指两个以上的人或物 （含两个）。
（3）、every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。
Every student has to take one.
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
（4）、every只用作定语，each既可用作定语，也可用作主语、宾语或同位语。
（5）、every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等； each则没有。
（6）、every 与not 连用，表示部分否定； each 和not连用表示全部否定。
Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。
Each man is not honest.　每个人都不诚实。
21）、both,either,neither
这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后，行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。
（1）、　both （两者都），either（两者中任何一个）， neither （两者都不）。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。
Neither of the two boys is clever.　两个男孩都不聪明。
（2）、 both，either
both与复数连用，either与单数连用。
Both the boys are clever.　两个男孩都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
There are flowers on both sides of the street.
（两岸）
There are flowers on either side of the street.
（岸的两边）
路边长满了野花。
（3）、 all （所有的，全部的人或物），any （任何一个）， none （都不）。以上词使用范围为三者以上。
All the flowers are gone.　所有的花都谢了。
I don't like any of the flowers.　这些花我都不喜欢。
I like none of the flowers.　这些花我都不喜欢。
注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。
All of the students are there.
所有的学生都在那。
All (of) the milk is there.
所有的牛奶都在那。
all与whole的区别：二者都有“所有的，全部的”之意，但用法略有不同。all要置于冠词、物主代词或其他限定词之前；而whole则要置于这些限定词之后。试比较：
all my life/my whole life. 我的一生
all the world/the whole world. 全世界
20）、many,much
Many，much都意为"许多"， many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。
How many people are there at the meeting?
How much time has we left?
Many of the workers were at the meeting.
Much of the time was spent on learning.
few,little,a few,a little
(1) few + 可数名词，（a) little + 不可数名词。
a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点。
few / little　为否定含义，没有多少了。
He has a few friends.　他有几个朋友。
He has few friends.　他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。
(2)、few 后经常跟名词复数。
典型例题：
Although he 's wealthy，he spends___money on clothes.
A. little　B. few　C. a little　D. a few
答案：A. spend后跟的是钱，不可数，只能用little或 a little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，因此应用little表示几乎不。
（3）、固定搭配：
only a few (=few）　not a few (=many）　quite a few (=many)
many a (=many)
Many books were sold.
Many a book was sold.
8、指示代词
编辑
表示空间或时间上远近关系的代词叫指示代词。这一类词通常是在一定的照应关系中出现，其确切含义通常取决于上下文中的照应对象或其他非语言因素，从而这一类词在一定上下文中形成的照应关系叫做“指示照应”。
1） 指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，this和these一般用来指在时间或空间较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间或空间上较远的事物或人。例如：
单数　复数
限定词：This girl is Mary.　These men are my
teachers.
代词：　This is Mary.　These are my
teachers.
2) 指示代词的句法功能；
a. 作主语
This is the way to do it.
这事儿就该这样做。
b. 作宾语
I like this better than that.
我喜欢这个甚至那个。
c. 作主语补语
My point is this.
我的观点就是如此。
d. 作介词宾语
I don't say no to that.
我并未拒绝那个。
There is no fear of that.
那并不可怕。
说明1：
指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：
（对）That is my teacher.　那是我的老师。（ that作主语，指人）
（对）He is going to marry this girl.　他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）
（错）He is going to marry this.　（this作宾语时不能指人）
（对）I bought this.　我买这个。（this指物，可作宾语）
说明2：
That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：
（对） He admired that which looked beautiful.　他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
（对） He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）
（错） He admired that who danced well.　（that作宾语时不能指人）
（对） He admired those who danced well.　他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）
（对） He admired those which looked beauti
注意事项
编辑
1、指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：
　　(对)That is my teacher.　那是我的老师。（ that作主语，指人）
　　(对)He is going to marry this girl.　他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）
　　(错)He is going to marry this.　（this作宾语时不能指人）
　　(对)I bought this.　我买这个。(this指物，可作宾语)
2、That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：
　　(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.　他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
　　(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）
　　(错) He admired that who danced well.　（that作宾语时不能指人）
　　(对) He admired those who danced well.　他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）
　　(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）
3、在回答指示代词作主语的特殊问句时，如果指示代词指人，其回答中的主语仍可以用相应的指示代词，也可以用it或者they;但指事物时，只能用it或者they。 例如：
　　Who’s that? That’s/It’s Liu Dehua.那是谁？那是刘德华。
　　What are those? They are basketballs. 那些是什么？那些是篮球。
4、在回答指示代词作主语的一般疑问句时，不管指示代词指人还是指物，答语中都用it或they。例如：
　　Is this a ruler? Yes, it is.
　　Are those your friends? No, they aren’t.
5、为避免重复，有时可用 that 或 those 来代替前面已提到过的人或事物；用 this 或 these 来代替下文中将要提过的人或事物。例如：
　　She’s very friendly, and that is why we all love her. 她很友善，这就是我们都喜欢她的原因。
　　You needn’t do this — It’s pretty easy. 你不必做这事，那相当容易。
6、向别人介绍某个人时，要说“ This is ….”，而不说“ That is ….”，也不能说“ He is ….”或“ She is ….”。介绍两个人时，先用“ This is ….”介绍一个人，然后用“ That is ….”介绍另一个人。如：
　　This is Li Ming. Li Ming， this is Wei Hua. 这是李明。李明，这是魏华。
　　This is my brother and that is my sister. 这是我哥哥，那是我妹妹。
7、one，that 和it的区别：
　　one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。
　　I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.　(不定)
　　我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。
　　The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.　(同类但不同个)
　　你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
　　I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.　( 同一物)
　　我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。
9、相互代词
1）相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的，例如：
It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.
显而易见，不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。
2） 相互代词的句法功能：
a. 作动词宾语；
People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。
b. 可作介词宾语；
Does bark,cocks crow,frogs croak to each other.　吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。
说明：传统语法认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other， 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多，例如：
He put all the books beside each other.
他把所有书并列摆放起来。
He put all the books beside one another.
他把所有书并列摆放起来。
Usually these small groups were independent of each other.
这些小团体通常是相互独立的。
c. 相互代词可加-'s构成所有格，例如：
The students borrowed each other's notes.
学生们互借笔记。
人称代词 主格：I我 you你 he他 she她 they他们 we我们
宾格：me我 you你 him他 her她 them他们 us我们
物主代词 my我的 his他的 your你的（your你们的） their他们的 her她的
指示代词 this这 that那 these这些 those 那些
反身代词myself我自己 himself他自己 themselves他们自己 yourself你(们)自己herself她自己
疑问代词who谁 what什么 which哪个
不定代词some一些 many许多 both两个；两个都 any许多
关系代词which……的物 who……的人 that……的人或物 who谁 that引导定语从句
相互代词 each other 互相 one another互相
连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever
替代词one（单数），ones（复数）
代词用法1) 人称代词：
人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。是表示自身或人称的人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：

单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
他
he
him
they
them
她
she
her
它
it
不定
one
ones
如：He is my friend.　他是我的朋友。
It's me.　是我。
人称代词可用作主语，表语，宾语以及介词宾语。
I am a worker,I work in the factory.我是一个工人，我在工厂工作。
You are a good teacher.你是一位优秀教师。
She is a little girl.她是一个小女孩。
It's a heavy box,I can't carry it.这是一个重盒子，我搬不动。
It's me. Open the door quickly.是我，快开门。
Don't tell him about it.不要告诉他这件事情。
She is always ready to help us.她随时都在准备帮助我们。
Our teacher is very strict with us.我们的老师对我们很严格。
人称代词中几个注意的情况：
第一人称单数代词 " I（我）" 不论在什么地方都要大写。
I study English every day.我天天学习英语。
" we " 常常代替" I "表示一种同读者，听众或观众之间的亲密关系。
We shall do our best to help the poor.我们将尽全力帮助贫困者。
" she "常常代替国家，城市，宠物等，表示一种亲密或爱抚的感情。
I live in China。She is a great country.我住在中国.她是一个伟大的国家。
" it " 可指身份不清人、天气、环境、时间。可用作形式主语、形式宾语或强调句型。
It's me. Open the door,please.是我，请开门。
" they " 有时代替一般人.
They say you are good at computer.他们说你精通计算机。
2) 物主代词：
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。列表如下。

我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他们的
形容词性物主代词
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yours
hers
ours
yours
theirs
形容词性物主代词可用作定语，例如：
I love my country.我热爱我的国家。
Is this your car?这是你的汽车吗?
名词性的物主代词可用作主语，宾语，表语以及与"of" 连接的定语。
That car is mine,not yours.那辆汽车是我的，不是你的。
These books are ours.这些书是我们的。
Whose bag is it? It's hers.这是谁的书包? 是她的。
Yesterday I met a friend of mine in the street.昨天我在街上碰见了我的一位朋友。
3)反身代词：
表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己，他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。反身代词第一，二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加 "-self " （复数加 -selves )
构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加 - self （复数加 - selves ) 构成。

第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
第三人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
反身代词的用法：
反身代词可用作宾语，表语，主语的同位语和宾语的同位语。用作同位语时表示强调"本人，自己"。
I am teaching myself computer.我自学计算机。
Take good care of yourself.把自己照顾好。
The child himself drew this picture.孩子自己画的这张画。
You should ask the children themselves.你应该问一问孩子们自己。
4)相互代词：
表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other 和one another两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。
如：They love each other.　他们彼此相爱。
5)指示代词：
表示这个，那个，这些，那些以及it,such,same等词叫做指示代词。指示代词在句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。
That is a red car.那是一辆红色汽车。
What do you like? I like this.你喜欢什么? 我喜欢这个。
I should say I know that.我应该说我知道这件事情。
指示代词的用法：
this 和 these 表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。
This is a book.这是一本书。
These are cars.这些是汽车。
I am busy these days.我这些日子很忙。
that 和those 表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。
That is not a room.那不是一间房间。
Those are trees.那些是树。
that 和those 还可以指前文中的事物，this 和 these 指下文中将要讲到的事物。他们起一种承上或启下的作用。
I got up late,that's why I missed the bus.我起床迟了，这就是为什么我没赶上汽车。
指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样，都具有指定的含义。
指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如：
单数　复数
限定词：This girl is Mary.　Those men are my teachers.
代词：　This is Mary.　Those are my teachers.
6) 疑问代词：
表示“谁（who），谁 (whom），谁的（whose），什么（what），哪个或哪些 (which）”等词叫疑问代词。
疑问代词的用法：
疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）
如：Tell me who he is.　告诉我他是谁。
疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，疑问代词一般放在句子的最前面，在句中可用作主语，宾语，表语，定语。
Who is here just now?刚才谁在这儿?
Whom are you looking for?你在找谁?
Whose exercise-book is this?这是谁的练习本?
What is this?这是什么?
Which one do you like,this one or that one?你喜欢哪一个，这个还是那个?
疑问代词还可以引导一个间接疑问句，也就是一个从句。疑问代词在句中可用作从句的主语，宾语，表语等成分。
What we should do is still unknown.我们该干什么仍然还不知道。
I know whom he is looking for.我知道他在找谁。
7)关系代词：
关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词。关系代词有 who,whose,whom,that,which,as, 可用作引导从句的关联词,它们在句中可用作主语，表语，宾语，定语. 在主句中，它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。
This is the man who helped me yesterday.这个男人昨天帮了我。
8)不定代词：
没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词，常用不定代词如下：
all,any,another,both,each,every,either,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other,some以及由 some,any,no,every 和 body,one,thing 构成的复合词。
不定代词的用法：
不定代词代替名词或形容词.在句中可用作主语，宾语，表语和定语。
Everybody should be here in time tomorrow.明天大家都要按时到。
I know nothing about it.这件事情我一点都不知道。
That's all I know.这就是我知道的。
I go to school every day.我每天去学校上学。
不定代词的具体用法：
常见的不定代词有all，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody， something，no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如：
--- Do you have a car?　--你有一辆小汽车吗？
--- Yes，I have one.　--是的，我有一辆。
--- I don't know any of them.　他们，我一个也不认识。
any：一些，任何。any 多用作否定或疑问句中，any 在句中作主语，宾语，定语。any作定语时，所修饰的名词没有单复数限制，一般多用复数，any 用在肯定句中，表示"任何"。
Do you have any books?你有书吗?
You can come any time.你什么时候都可以来。
some：一些，某些，某个。some 多用在肯定句中，表示邀请或者对方可能给予肯定回答的疑问句中等。
There are a lot of flowers in the garden,some are white,which I like very much.
花园里有许多花，一些是白色的，我特别喜欢。
I am going to get some ink.我去弄点墨水。
Will you have some coffee,please?喝点咖啡吗？
no：无.在句中作定语.表示否定，语气要比 not any 强.
She knows no English.她根本就不懂英语。
I have no bike.我没有自行车。
None 既可以指人也可以指物，其后通常接of短语，用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若指复数名词时，则谓语可用单数（较正式），也可以用复数（非正式语体）如：
None of the milk can be used.
None of the films is/are worth seeing.
many：许多.在句中作主语，宾语，定语. many 在句中代替可数名词。
Many of the students like English very much.许多学生非常喜欢英语。
I have many books to give you.我有许多书要给你。
much：许多。在句中作主语，宾语，定语。much 在句中代替不可数名词。
There is not much ink in the bottle.瓶子里没多少墨水了。
a few,a little,few,little.：几个，一点儿，没几个，没多少。它们在句中作主语，宾语，定语，其中 a few 和 few 代替可数名词，a little　和 little 代替不可数名词，它们表示少量，不多，几个，只是主观上的一种相对说法，并没有具体的数量标准。
Few of the books are cheap now.现在没几本儿书是便宜的。
A few friends came to see me yesterday.昨天有几个朋友来看我。
I have a little money to buy the book.我的这点钱能买这本书。
There is little water in the thermos.暖水瓶没多少水了。
9)连接代词：
连接代词的用法连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever 等，它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，如：
I don’t know who he is. 我不知道他是谁。
What he says sounds reasonable. 他说的话听起来有道理。
The question is who(m) we should trust. 问题是我们该信任谁。
I’ll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。
Take whichever seat you like. 你喜欢坐哪个座位就坐哪个。
I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。
【注】who, whom, whoever 等不用于名词前作定语。
2. what 的两种不同用法，请看以下两个句子：
I didn’t know what he wanted. 我不知道他想要什么。
I gave her what she wanted. 我给了她想要的一切。
上面第一句中的 what 表示“什么”，带有疑问的意味；第二句中的 what 表示“…所…的一切事或东西”，其意义上大致相当于 that (those) which, the thing (things) that, anything that, all that, as much as等，又如：
What [=That which] you say is quite true. 你说的完全是事实。
He saves what [= all that] he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。
Call it what [= anything that] you please. 你喜欢叫它什么就叫它什么。这样用的 what 有时还可后接一个名词：He gave me what money [= all the money that] he had about him. 他把身上带的钱全给了我。 
　　What friends [=All the friends that] he has are very poor. 他所有的朋友都很穷。
3. 关于whatever, whoever与whichever它们可引导主语从句和宾语从句，如：
He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。
I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 谁想要这票，我就把它给谁。
Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多，哪个队就赢。
【注】其中的 ever 主要用于加强语气，含有“一切”、“任何”、“无论”之义。使用这类词时，注意不要按汉语习惯用错句子结构：任何人(谁)先来都可以得到一张票。
误：Anyone comes first can get a ticket. / Who comes first can get a ticket
正：Anyone who comes first can get a ticket. / Whoever comes first can get a ticket.
10)替代词:
为避免重复，在一个句子中常用替代词替代前面已经提到过的事物。
that用来指代前文提到的可数名词单数或者不可数名词，表示特指，表示“一件事物”
The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than that on the small ones.
主要街道上的绿色交通信号比小的道路上的时间更长。
one 用来指代前文提到的可数名词单数，表示泛指，表示“同类事物中的一个”
‘Have you got a camera?’ ‘No.’ ‘You should buy one’ (one指的是世界上任何一个照相机).
“你有照相机吗？”“没有。”“你应该买一架。”
This camera is great, I want to buy it.(it指的就是说话者现在看到的这一个照相机)
这个照相机很棒，我想买它。
ones用来指代前文提到的可数名词复数，表示泛指，表示“同类事物中的一些”
Cancer cells are so radically different from normal ones that it's almost impossible to
untangle the sequence of events that made them that way.(ones指的是cells)
癌症细胞和正常细胞差异极大，要理清造成这种差异的事件的先后顺序几乎是不可能的。
While working on the new interface, Jobs would sometimes suggest what at first seemed to
be crazy ideas, but later turned out to be good ones.(ones指的是ideas)
在开发新界面的过程中，乔布斯常常会提出一些初看起来疯狂但之后成为好设计的意见。
the ones用来指代前文提到的可数名词复数，表示特指，表示“这些人或这些事物”
The people who break or manipulate the rules are the ones who really become successful.
打破或操纵规则的人才是真正会成功的人。
6 reasons why your photos don't look like the ones in magazines.
为什么你的照片看起来不像杂志上那么好看的6个原因。
those 用来指代前文提到的可数名词复数，表示特指，相当于the ones
Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except those/the ones who had already had them.
张先生把这些教科书给了所有的学生，除了那些已经有书的学生。
The products in Tanghuaseng are as good as those/the ones in Central World.
陈和盛的商品和中央世界的商品一样好。
Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald's.
通过研究温迪的菜单，我发现它家许多的东西都与麦当劳的相似。
the ones 和 those 的区别主要是：
1、the ones：前面可以用形容词修饰,也可以用后置定语修饰。
例：the good ones （正确）
the ones which are good （正确）
2、 those： 前面不可以用形容词修饰,只能用后置定语修饰。
例：good those（错误）
those which are good（正确）
人称代词
编辑
（1）人称代词做主语用主格，做宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下情况：
在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。
如：He is taller than me.但在下列句子中有区别。
I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.
I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him,too.
（2）两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
①在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一（人称）。宾格me也一样。
You,she and I will be in charge of the case.
Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.
②第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。He and she still don't agree to the plan.
用法
1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。
说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：
When he arrived,John went straight to the bank.
约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如：
I saw her with them,at least,I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾 语，them做介词宾语，her做主语补语）
a. -- Who broke the vase?　--谁打碎了花瓶？
b. -- Me.　--我。（me做主语补语= It's me.）
说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。
主宾替换
1) 宾格代替主格
（1）、在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。
---- I like English.　--我喜欢英语。
---- Me too.　--我也喜欢。
---- Have more wine?　--再来点酒喝吗?
---- Not me.　--我可不要了。
（2）、在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
2) 主格代替宾格
（1）、在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。
(2)、在电话用语中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。
---- This is she.　--我就是玛丽。
注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
I thought it was she.　我以为是她。　（主格——---主格）
I thought it to be her.　（宾格——---宾格）
I was taken to be she.　我被当成了她。　（主格——---主格）
They took me to be her.　他们把我当成了她。　（宾格——---宾格）
指代问题
1）不定代词 somebody,anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone，everyone，no one， 及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he,his,him代替。
Nobody came,did he?　谁也没来，是吗?
2）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he,she，带有亲切的感情色彩。
Give the cat some food. It is hungry.　给这猫一些吃的。它饿了。=Give the cat some food.She is hungry
3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。
The Natural Day is our mother’s birthday ，I think she is very happy！
并列人称
1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：
第二人称 －> 第三人称 －> 第一人称
you －> he/she；　it -> I
You,he and I should return on time.
2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：
第一人称 －> 第二人称 －> 第三人称
we　－>；　you　－>；　They
注意：在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。
a. 在承认错误，承担责任时，
It was I and John that made her angry.
是我和约翰惹她生气了。
b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称， 如：I and you try to finish it.
c. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。
物主代词
编辑
1）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：
John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.
约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。
物主代词有形容词性（my,your等）和名词性（mine,yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的　--'s属格结构，例如：
Jack's cap [形容词性物主代词]　意为　The cap is Jack's. [名词性物主代词]
His cap [形容词性物主代词]　意为　The cap is his.[名词性物主代词]
2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能
a. 作主语，例如：
May I use your pen? Yours works better.
我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？ 你的比我的好用。
b. 作宾语，例如：
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。
c. 作介词宾语，例如：
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word,not in yours.
你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。
d. 作主语补语，例如：
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours.　我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。
双重所有格
物主代词不可与 a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every,such,another,which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。
公式为：
a,an,this,that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如：
a friend of mine.
each brother of his.
疑问代词
编辑
1） 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个：
指　人：who,whom,whose
指　物：what
既可指人又可指物：which
2） 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。what,which,whose还可作限定词。试比较：
疑问代词：Whose are these books on the desk?
桌上的书是谁的？
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?
美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的？
限定词：　Whose books are these on the desk?
桌上的书是谁的？
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?　哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国？
说明1：
无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如：
Which girls do you like best?
你喜欢哪几个姑娘？
What girls do you like best?
你喜欢什么样的姑娘？
说明2：
Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom，例如：
Who(m) did you meet on the street?
你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）
Who(m) are you taking the book to?
你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）
To whom did you speak on the campus?
你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置介词 后，不能用who取代。）
说明3：
疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句末。例如：
For what do most people live and work?
大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体）
What are you looking for?
你在找什么？（现代英语）
说明4：
疑问代词还可引导名词性从句，例如：
I can't make out what he is driving at.
我不知道他用意何在。
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？
Much of what you say I agree with,but I cannot go all the way with you.
你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。
反身代词
编辑
反身代词指主语与宾语为同一人或物，或表示一个动作回到该动作执行者身上时，要用反身代词（否则就不能用反身代词），反身代词也可以放在名词或代词（主格）后面（也可以放在句尾）起强调作用。
1） 列表
myself　 yourself　　herself　himself 　itself　 oneself
ourselves　 yourselves themselves oneselves
2）做宾语
a. 有些动词需有反身代词
absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behave
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.　我们昨晚玩得很开心。
Please help yourself to some fish.　请你随便吃点鱼。
b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词
take pride in,be annoyed with,help oneself to sth.
I could not dress (myself) up at that time.　那个时候我不能打扮我自己。
注：有些动词后不跟反身代词， get up,sit-down,stand up,wake up等。
Please sit down.　请坐。
3） 作表语； 同位语
be oneself: I am not myself today.　我今天不舒服。
The thing itself is not important.　事情本身并不重要。
4） 在不强调的情况下，but,except,for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：
No one but myself (me) is hurt.

注意：
a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。
（错） Myself drive the car.
（对） I myself drive the car.　我自己开车。
b. 但在and,or,nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。
Charles and myself saw it.
5）第二人称作宾语，要用反身代词。
You should be proud of yourself.　你应为自己感到骄傲。
关系代词
编辑
关系代词同时起两个作用。像其他代词一样，他们用作主语、表语、宾语和定语；同时像连词一样，它把定语从句与主句连接起来。
关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子，例如：
He said he saw me there,which was a lie.
他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。
说明：关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略， 例如：
I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.
我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。
He's changed. He's not the man he was.
他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。
1）不定代词有
all,both,every,each,either,neither,more,little,few,much,many,another,other,some,any,one,no 以及some,something,anything,everything,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nothing,nobody,no one,none,everybody,everyone.等。
2） 不定代词的功能与用法
（1）、　除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。
I have no idea about it.
（2）、all 都，指三者以上。
all 的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。
All goes well.　一切进展得很好。
all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说 all the book，而说 the whole book。
但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如 all day，all night，all the year； 但习惯上不说 all hour，all century。
all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如 all China，　all the city，　all my life， all the way
3）　both　都，指两者。
a.　both 与复数动词连用，但 both… and…可与单数名词连用。
b.　both,all 都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前， be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省 去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。
Who can speak Japanese?　We both (all) can.
4）　neither　两者都不
a.　neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
b. 作定语与单数名词连用，但neither… nor 用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。
c.　可用于下列句型，避免重复。
She can't sing，neither (can) he.
neither 与nor
d.　如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。
If you don't do it，neither should I.　如果你不干，我也不干。
e. 如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。
He can't sing，nor dance，nor skate.
5) some 某些，一些，某个
不定代词some可以代替名词和形容词，常用在肯定句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（单、复数皆可）和不可数名词。例如：
some are doctors，some are nurses．有些人是医生，有些人是护士。（作主语）
6） any一些，任何
不定代词any可以代替名词和形容词，常用在否定句或疑问句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（多为复数）和不可数名词。例如：
there isn’t any ink in my pen．我的钢笔没有墨水。（作定语）
不定代词any有时也可以用在肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：
you may come at any time；i’ll be home the whole day．你任何时候来都行，我整天都将呆在家里。
不定代词any也可以用作副词，做状语，表示程度。例如：
is he any better today？他今天好一点了吗？
7）all 全体，所有（指三者以上）
不定代词all在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或同位语。它可以代表或修饰可数名词和不可数名词。代表或修饰可数名词时，指两个以上的人或物。作先行词时，引导词用that。例如：
all were present at the meeting．全都到会了。（作主语，代表可数名词）
8）none 无人或无
不定代词none的含义和all物相反，和no one，not any同义，但其用法相当于名词，在句子中一般作主语或宾语。它代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可。例如：
none of the problems is /are easy to solve．这些问题没有一个是容易解决的。（作主语， 代替可数名词）
9) either 两者之中的任何一个，这个或那个。
不定代词 either 可以作主语、宾语和定语。例如：
either of them will agree to this arrangent．他们两人中会有人同意这样的安排的。（作主语）
10) each 每个，各自的
不定代词each指每一个人或事物的个别情况，甚至指这些个别情况各不相同。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。例如：
she gave the children two apples each．她给了每个小孩两个苹果。（作the children的同位语。）
Each of 作主语谓语动词用单数 ，例如
11) every 每个，每一的，一切的
不定代词every有"全体"的意思，和all的意义相近，但只能作定语.
none few little some
一、 none 无
1) none作主语，多与of 构成短语none of。在答语中，none可单独使用。
Are there any pictures on the wall?　None.
2) none作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语，则其单复数与表语一致。
It is none of your business.
二、few,little 稍许，极少数
few 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于否定句。
little 作主语时，谓语动词用单数，多用于否定句。
a few,a little一些，少数
a few 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于肯定句。
a little 作主语时，谓语动词用单数，多用于肯定句。
三、some 一些
1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。
2) 当做"某一"解时，也可与单数名词连用。（= a certain）
You will be sorry for this some day.
总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。
A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.
某些人不同意你的看法。
注意：
(1）在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。
(2)some用于其他句式中：
a.　肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。
Would you like句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：
Would you like some coffee?
b.　在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：
If you need some help，let me know.
c.　some位于主语部分，
Some students haven't been there before.
d.　当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。如：
I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years.
这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。
四、any 一些
1）　any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。
当句中含有任何的意思时，any可用于肯定句。
Here are three novels. You may read any.　这有三本小说，你可任读一本。
五、one,ones 为复数形式
ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some,any，而不用ones。
Have you bought any rulers?　Yes，I 've bought some.
one，that 和it
one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。
I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.　（不定）
我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。
The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.　（同类但不同个）
你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.　（ 同一物）
我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。
one/another/the other
one… the other　只有两个
some… the others　有三个以上
one… another，another…
some… others，others…
others = other people/things
the others = the rest　剩余的全部
1) 泛指另一个用another。
2) 一定范围内两人（物），一个用one，另一个用the other。
3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another），第三个可用the other，a third。
4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。
5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。
the的妙用
He is one of the students who help me.
He is the one of the students who helps me.
他是帮我的学生之一。
第一句定语从句与the students 一致。
第二句定语从句与the one 一致。
anyone/no one/
1．anyone 和 any one
anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。
2．no one 和none
a）　none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。
b）　none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。
None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。
---- Did any one call me up just now?　--刚才有人打电话给我吗?
---- No one.　--没有。
3．every 和each
1）　every 强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。
Every student in our school works hard.　我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have one book..　每个学生都可有一本书。
2）　every 指三个以上的人或物（含三个），each指两个以上的人或物 （含两个）。
3）　every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。
Every student has to take one.
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
4）　every只用作定语，each既可用作定语，也可用作主语、宾语或同位语。
5）　every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等； each没有。
6）　every 与not 连用，表示部分否定； each 和not连用表示全部否定。
Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。
Each man is not honest.　这儿每个人都不诚实。
both,either,neither
这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后，行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。
1）　both （两者都），either（两者中任何一个）， neither （两者都不）。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。
Neither of the two boys is clever.　两个男孩都不聪明。
2) both，either
both与复数连用，either与单数连用。
Both the boys are clever.　两个男孩都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
There are flowers on both sides of the street.
（两岸）
There are flowers on either side of the street.
（岸的两边）
路边长满了野花。
3) all （所有的，全部的人或物），any （任何一个）， none （都不）。以上词使用范围为三者以上。
All the flowers are gone.　所有的花都谢了。
I don't like any of the flowers.　这些花我都不喜欢。
I like none of the flowers.　这些花我都不喜欢。
注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。
All of the students are there.
所有的学生都在那。
All (of) the milk is there.
所有的牛奶都在那。
all与whole的区别：二者都有“所有的，全部的”之意，但用法略有不同。all要置于冠词、物主代词或其他限定词之前；而whole则要置于这些限定词之后。试比较：
all my life/my whole life. 我的一生
all the world/the whole world. 全世界
many,much
Many，much都意为"许多"， many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。
How many people are there at the meeting?
How much time has we left?
Many of the workers were at the meeting.
Much of the time was spent on learning.
few,little,a few,
(a) few + 可数名词，（a) little + 不可数名词。
a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点。
few / little　为否定含义，没有多少了。
He has a few friends.　他有几个朋友。
He has few friends.　他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。
few 后经常跟名词复数。
典型例题：
Although he 's wealthy，he spends___ on clothes.
A. little　B. few　C. a little　D. a few
答案：A. spend所指的是钱，不可数，只能用little或 a little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，因此应用little表示几乎不。
固定搭配：
only a few (=few）　not a few (=many）　quite a few (=many)
many a (=many)
Many books were sold.
Many a book was sold.
webwuzsdihoafd
指示代词
编辑
表示空间或时间上远近关系的代词叫指示代词。这一类词通常是在一定的照应关系中出现，其确切含义通常取决于上下文中的照应对象或其他非语言因素，从而这一类词在一定上下文中形成的照应关系叫做“指示照应”。
1） 指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，this和these一般用来指在时间或空间较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间或空间上较远的事物或人。例如：
单数　复数
限定词：This girl is Mary.　These men are my
teachers.
代词：　This is Mary.　These are my
teachers.
2) 指示代词的句法功能；
a. 作主语
This is the way to do it.
这事儿就该这样做。
b. 作宾语
I like this better than that.
我喜欢这个甚至那个。
c. 作主语补语
My point is this.
我的观点就是如此。
d. 作介词宾语
I don't say no to that.
我并未拒绝那个。
There is no fear of that.
那并不可怕。
说明1：
指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：
（对）That is my teacher.　那是我的老师。（ that作主语，指人）
（对）He is going to marry this girl.　他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）
（错）He is going to marry this.　（this作宾语时不能指人）
（对）I bought this.　我买这个。（this指物，可作宾语）
说明2：
That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：
（对） He admired that which looked beautiful.　他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
（对） He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）
（错） He admired that who danced well.　（that作宾语时不能指人）
（对） He admired those who danced well.　他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）
（对） He admired those which looked beauti
注意事项
编辑
1、指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：
　　(对)That is my teacher.　那是我的老师。（ that作主语，指人）
　　(对)He is going to marry this girl.　他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）
　　(错)He is going to marry this.　（this作宾语时不能指人）
　　(对)I bought this.　我买这个。(this指物，可作宾语)
2、That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：
　　(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.　他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
　　(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）
　　(错) He admired that who danced well.　（that作宾语时不能指人）
　　(对) He admired those who danced well.　他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）
　　(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）
3、在回答指示代词作主语的特殊问句时，如果指示代词指人，其回答中的主语仍可以用相应的指示代词，也可以用it或者they;但指事物时，只能用it或者they。 例如：
　　Who’s that? That’s/It’s Liu Dehua.那是谁？那是刘德华。
　　What are those? They are basketballs. 那些是什么？那些是篮球。
4、在回答指示代词作主语的一般疑问句时，不管指示代词指人还是指物，答语中都用it或they。例如：
　　Is this a ruler? Yes, it is.
　　Are those your friends? No, they aren’t.
5、为避免重复，有时可用 that 或 those 来代替前面已提到过的人或事物；用 this 或 these 来代替下文中将要提过的人或事物。例如：
　　She’s very friendly, and that is why we all love her. 她很友善，这就是我们都喜欢她的原因。
　　You needn’t do this — It’s pretty easy. 你不必做这事，那相当容易。
6、向别人介绍某个人时，要说“ This is ….”，而不说“ That is ….”，也不能说“ He is ….”或“ She is ….”。介绍两个人时，先用“ This is ….”介绍一个人，然后用“ That is ….”介绍另一个人。如：
　　This is Li Ming. Li Ming， this is Wei Hua. 这是李明。李明，这是魏华。
　　This is my brother and that is my sister. 这是我哥哥，那是我妹妹。
7、one，that 和it的区别：
　　one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。
　　I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.　(不定)
　　我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。
　　The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.　(同类但不同个)
　　你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
　　I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.　( 同一物)
　　我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。
相互代词
编辑
1）相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的，例如：
It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.
显而易见，不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。
2） 相互代词的句法功能：
a. 作动词宾语；
People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。
b. 可作介词宾语；
Does bark,cocks crow,frogs croak to each other.　吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。
说明：传统语法认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other， 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多，例如：
He put all the books beside each other.
他把所有书并列摆放起来。
He put all the books beside one another.
他把所有书并列摆放起来。
Usually these small groups were independent of each other.
这些小团体通常是相互独立的。
c. 相互代词可加-'s构成所有格，例如：
The students borrowed each other's notes.
学生们互借笔记。
3）反身代词表示强调。
I went to see the president myself.
I went to see the president himself.
4)反身代词不能作主语：I myself can do the work

二、代词专项练习单选题
1．Lucy is not my cousin. ________ my sister.
A．He B．He's C．She D．She's
2．—Are Mary and Jenny your classmates?
—________
A． They are.
B． Yes, they are.
C． No, they not.
D．They aren’t.
3．—Are these your English books?
—___. They are Mike’s.
A． No, these aren’t
B．Yes, they are
C．No, they aren’t
4．—Who teaches __
French?
—Nobody, I learn it by _____.
A． your; mine
B． you; myself
C． your; myself
D．you; me
5-Are those books ___?
—No, they are not mine. They belong to____.
A． your; he
B． yours; her
C． your; hers
D．yours; she
6．—Who is Mr. Li?
—He is ___ teacher and he teaches _____ English.
A． our; our B．us; us
C．our; us D．us; our
7．John asked the old man to teach __ traditional ways of making paper .
A．he B．Him C．His
D．himself
8.___ are in the same class.
A．I and you
B．You and I
C．Me and you
D．You and me
9．This is Helen's room. The bed is ____.
A．hers B．Yours
C．mine D．his
10．___ Bob. This is ____ pen.
A．I, my B．I’m, my
C．My, my D．I’m, I
11．— What's your brother's favourite colour?
— ____ favourite colour is red.
A． Him B．Her
C．He D．His
12．— What’s ___ name?
—____ is Dale.
A． your, I B．his, He
C．her, She D．her, He
13．Life is ________ dictionary, we should learn directly from it.
A．We B．Us
C．Our D．ours
14．—Could you lend me your dictionary? I left ___ at home.
—Of course.
A． it B．Yours
C．One D．mine
15．He learned French ____.
A．on his own
B．on him own
C．in his own
D．in him own
16．Mary will cook meals for herself because ____ mother is not at home next week.
A．her B．Hers
C．herself D． she
17．Lucy did well in skating and her father was surprised at ___ daughter's secret talent．
A．your B．His
C．her D．my
18．Look at the girl over there. ____ is my good friend and ____ birthday is September 11th..
A．He; his B．He; he’s
C.She; her D.She; she’s
19．We should take good care of ___ Mum when she is ill.
A．us B．Our
C．Ours D．ourselves
20.On ____ way home, Mr. and Mrs. White meet an old friend.
A．My B．Her C．His D．their
21.____ is Jack. ___ jacket is black.
A．He；He B．His； He C．He；His
22．Lam is often compared to Taiwanese (台湾)singer Jay Chou because__both write___own songs and are developing R&B style.
A．their…their
B．their…they
C．they…their
D．they…they
23．____ pen is blue. And ___ is black.
A．My; her B．My; his C．Me; his D．Hers; mine
24．— Is this Jim’s pencil?
— Yes, I think it’s ________.
A． mine B．Yours
C．his D．hers
25．Fangfang is in __ class. __ is __ good friend.
A．my;She;I
B．my;Her;my
C．my;She;my
D．I;Her;my
26．—Is this your schoolbag?
— Yes, it's __________.
A． my B．Me
C．mine D．I
27．__ is Lucy and __ name is Dale.
A．She; he B．She; her
C．She, his
28．Lisa, Sally and I are friends. The books over there are ____.
A．We B．Us C．our D．ours
29．_____ room is not big but nice.
A．Yours B．His
C．Hers D．They
30．The dictionary isn't ___, it's __.
A．his, your
B．your, yours
C．hers, mine
D．he's, his
31．—Is this Lily's classroom, Mary?
—No. It is ___classroom. ___is over there.
A． mine; Her B.my; Her
C．my; Hers D．her; Mine
32．—Is this Anna's blue jacket ?
—Yes, it is ___.
A． His B．Mine
C．Hers D．yours
33．—Is this your classroom, Mary?
—No. It is __ classroom. __ is over there.
A． their; Mine
B． their; My
C． theirs; My
D．theirs; Mine
34．___ are brothers. ___ family name is Black.
A．Their; They
B．Their; Their
C．They; Their
D．They; They
35．The book on the desk isn’t mine. Is it __?
A．yours B．Yourself
C．you D．your
36．The deaf girl often uses body language to show___ feelings.
A．her B．she C．hers D．herself
37．These are our desks. Those desks are ___.
A．her B．yours
C．your D．you
38．Look at the photo of my family. This is my aunt and __ are my parents.
A．This B．that C．It
D．these
39．-What’s this in English?
A．This is a pen.
B．It’s a pen.
C．This is an pen.
D．It’s an pen.
40．— Are those your __?
— Yes, ________.
A． erasers; they're
B．eraser; it is
C．eraser; it's
D．erasers; they are
41．—Hi, Allen. ___ is my friend, Tom.
—Hello, Tom! Nice to meet you.
A． She B．That
C．It D．This
42．—Are these Jeff and Jack?
—___.
A． Yes, they aren't B．No, these aren't
C.No, they aren't
D．Yes, these are
43．— Who’s ___?
— ___ is speaking, Mr. Wang.
A． this; This
B． that; That
C． that; This
D．this; That
44．—Hello. This is speaking Mary. ___?
—This is Lucy.
A． Who are you?
B．Who is that?
C．Who is this?
D．Who is it?
45．—__ books yours?
—No, ____ Jack’s.
A． Is that； they’re
B． Is this； it’s
C． Are those；it’s
D．Are these；they’re
46．The beaches in Hainan are better than ________ in Qingdao.
A．ones B．those
C．that D．which one
47．In this country, the population of the countryside is much smaller than ___of big cities .
A．that B．This
C．Those D．those
48．－Is that a ruler?
－No, ___.
A． it is B．it isn’t
C.that is D.that isn ’t
49．—Is this an orange?
—Yes, ____．
A．it's B．its not
C．it is D．is it
50．-What's your phone number?
- ____ 886-9988.
A．I'm B．He's C．It's D．it's
51．I think natural wonders are more interesting than man-made ____.
A．it B．Them
C．those D．ones
52．-- Are your sisters?
-- No, aren't.
A． these; those
B．these; they
C．those; these
D．they; these
53．The red maple leaves of Qixia Mountain are as beautiful as of Xiangshan.
A．it B．One
C．That D．those
54．—Excuse me. I'd like a ticket to Shanghai.
—Sorry. There is ___left.
A． some B．any
C．none D．every
55．There are so many people in the square, some people are dancing, and ____ are singing.
A．others B．the other
C.Other D.the others
56．We found __ difficult to communicate with that man. He is so strange.
A．One B．this C．It
D．that
57．— ___ are you eating?
— I'm eating ____ meat.
A． What, some
B． Which, any
C． Where, not
D．What, a
58.___ there ___ pork on the table?
A．Is; any B．Are; any
C．Is; some D．Are; some
59．___ there ___ beef on the table?
A．Is; any B．Are; any C.Is; some D.Are; some
60．He doesn't like talking with others, so he has __ friends at school.
There is __milk in the fridge,I must buy some.
A．a few B．little
C．few D．a little
61．—Susan, do you have a blue ruler?
—Yes, I have ___. And ___ is in my pencil box.
A．it; one B．one; one C．one; it D．it; it
62．—Shall we go swimming this Sunday?
—I'm afraid I won't be free. Let's make it ____ day.
A． the other B．Other
C．others D．another
63．—How ___ Japanese do you know?
—I am sorry. I know ___ about it. It’s too difficult.
A． many,few B．much,little
C.many,a few
D．much,a little
64．— Lucy, could you get ___ milk for me?
— Mom, there isn’t________.
A． some, some
B． any, any
C． any, some
D．some, any
65．—Would you like __ fish?
—No. thanks. I want ___ meat.
A.some,a B．some, any
C．any, any D．any, much

1．Lucy is not my cousin. ________ my sister.
A．He B．He's C．She D．She's
2．—Are Mary and Jenny your classmates?
—________
D． They are.
E． Yes, they are.
F． No, they not.
D．They aren’t.
3．—Are these your English books?
—___. They are Mike’s.
B． No, these aren’t
B．Yes, they are
C．No, they aren’t
4．—Who teaches __
French?
—Nobody, I learn it by _____.
D． your; mine
E． you; myself
F． your; myself
D．you; me
5-Are those books ___?
—No, they are not mine. They belong to____.
D． your; he
E． yours; her
F． your; hers
D．yours; she
6．—Who is Mr. Li?
—He is ___ teacher and he teaches _____ English.
B． our; our B．us; us
C．our; us D．us; our
7．John asked the old man to teach __ traditional ways of making paper .
A．he B．Him C．His
D．himself
8.___ are in the same class.
A．I and you
B．You and I
C．Me and you
D．You and me
9．This is Helen's room. The bed is ____.
A．hers B．Yours
C．mine D．his
10．___ Bob. This is ____ pen.
A．I, my B．I’m, my
C．My, my D．I’m, I
11．— What's your brother's favourite colour?
— ____ favourite colour is red.
B． Him B．Her
C．He D．His
12．— What’s ___ name?
—____ is Dale.
B． your, I B．his, He
C．her, She D．her, He
13．Life is ________ dictionary, we should learn directly from it.
A．We B．Us
C．Our D．ours
14．—Could you lend me your dictionary? I left ___ at home.
—Of course.
B． it B．Yours
C．One D．mine
15．He learned French ____.
A．on his own
B．on him own
C．in his own
D．in him own
16．Mary will cook meals for herself because ____ mother is not at home next week.
A．her B．Hers
C．herself D． she
17．Lucy did well in skating and her father was surprised at ___ daughter's secret talent．
A．your B．His
C．her D．my
18．Look at the girl over there. ____ is my good friend and ____ birthday is September 11th..
A．He; his B．He; he’s
C.She; her D.She; she’s
19．We should take good care of ___ Mum when she is ill.
A．us B．Our
C．Ours D．ourselves
20.On ____ way home, Mr. and Mrs. White meet an old friend.
A．My B．Her C．His D．their
21.____ is Jack. ___ jacket is black.
A．He；He B．His； He C．He；His
22．Lam is often compared to Taiwanese (台湾)singer Jay Chou because__both write___own songs and are developing R&B style.
A．their…their
B．their…they
C．they…their
D．they…they
23．____ pen is blue. And ___ is black.
A．My; her B．My; his C．Me; his D．Hers; mine
24．— Is this Jim’s pencil?
— Yes, I think it’s ________.
B． mine B．Yours
C．his D．hers
25．Fangfang is in __ class. __ is __ good friend.
A．my;She;I
B．my;Her;my
C．my;She;my
D．I;Her;my
26．—Is this your schoolbag?
— Yes, it's __________.
B． my B．Me
C．mine D．I
27．__ is Lucy and __ name is Dale.
A．She; he B．She; her
C．She, his
28．Lisa, Sally and I are friends. The books over there are ____.
A．We B．Us C．our D．ours
29．_____ room is not big but nice.
A．Yours B．His
C．Hers D．They
30．The dictionary isn't ___, it's __.
A．his, your
B．your, yours
C．hers, mine
D．he's, his
31．—Is this Lily's classroom, Mary?
—No. It is ___classroom. ___is over there.
B． mine; Her B.my; Her
C．my; Hers D．her; Mine
32．—Is this Anna's blue jacket ?
—Yes, it is ___.
B． His B．Mine
C．Hers D．yours
33．—Is this your classroom, Mary?
—No. It is __ classroom. __ is over there.
D． their; Mine
E． their; My
F． theirs; My
D．theirs; Mine
34．___ are brothers. ___ family name is Black.
A．Their; They
B．Their; Their
C．They; Their
D．They; They
35．The book on the desk isn’t mine. Is it __?
A．yours B．Yourself
C．you D．your
36．The deaf girl often uses body language to show___ feelings.
A．her B．she C．hers D．herself
37．These are our desks. Those desks are ___.
A．her B．yours
C．your D．you
38．Look at the photo of my family. This is my aunt and __ are my parents.
A．This B．that C．It
D．these
39．-What’s this in English?
A．This is a pen.
B．It’s a pen.
C．This is an pen.
D．It’s an pen.
40．— Are those your __?
— Yes, ________.
B． erasers; they're
B．eraser; it is
C．eraser; it's
D．erasers; they are
41．—Hi, Allen. ___ is my friend, Tom.
—Hello, Tom! Nice to meet you.
B． She B．That
C．It D．This
42．—Are these Jeff and Jack?
—___.
B． Yes, they aren't B．No, these aren't
C.No, they aren't
D．Yes, these are
43．— Who’s ___?
— ___ is speaking, Mr. Wang.
D． this; This
E． that; That
F． that; This
D．this; That
44．—Hello. This is speaking Mary. ___?
—This is Lucy.
B． Who are you?
B．Who is that?
C．Who is this?
D．Who is it?
45．—__ books yours?
—No, ____ Jack’s.
D． Is that； they’re
E． Is this； it’s
F． Are those；it’s
D．Are these；they’re
46．The beaches in Hainan are better than ________ in Qingdao.
A．ones B．those
C．that D．which one
47．In this country, the population of the countryside is much smaller than ___of big cities .
A．that B．This
C．Those D．those
48．－Is that a ruler?
－No, ___.
B． it is B．it isn’t
C.that is D.that isn ’t
49．—Is this an orange?
—Yes, ____．
A．it's B．its not
C．it is D．is it
50．-What's your phone number?
- ____ 886-9988.
A．I'm B．He's C．It's D．it's
51．I think natural wonders are more interesting than man-made ____.
A．it B．Them
C．those D．ones
52．-- Are your sisters?
-- No, aren't.
B． these; those
B．these; they
C．those; these
D．they; these
53．The red maple leaves of Qixia Mountain are as beautiful as of Xiangshan.
A．it B．One
C．That D．those
54．—Excuse me. I'd like a ticket to Shanghai.
—Sorry. There is ___left.
B． some B．any
C．none D．every
55．There are so many people in the square, some people are dancing, and ____ are singing.
A．others B．the other
C.Other D.the others
56．We found __ difficult to communicate with that man. He is so strange.
A．One B．this C．It
D．that
57．— ___ are you eating?
— I'm eating ____ meat.
D． What, some
E． Which, any
F． Where, not
D．What, a
58.___ there ___ pork on the table?
A．Is; any B．Are; any
C．Is; some D．Are; some
59．___ there ___ beef on the table?
A．Is; any B．Are; any C.Is; some D.Are; some
60．He doesn't like talking with others, so he has __ friends at school.
There is __milk in the fridge,I must buy some.
A．a few B．little
C．few D．a little
61．—Susan, do you have a blue ruler?
—Yes, I have ___. And ___ is in my pencil box.
A．it; one B．one; one C．one; it D．it; it
62．—Shall we go swimming this Sunday?
—I'm afraid I won't be free. Let's make it ____ day.
B． the other B．Other
C．others D．another
63．—How ___ Japanese do you know?
—I am sorry. I know ___ about it. It’s too difficult.
B． many,few B．much,little
C.many,a few
D．much,a little
64．— Lucy, could you get ___ milk for me?
— Mom, there isn’t________.
D． some, some
E． any, any
F． any, some
D．some, any
65．—Would you like __ fish?
—No. thanks. I want ___ meat.
A.some,a B．some, any
C．any, any D．any, much

1．Lucy is not my cousin. ________ my sister.
A．He B．He's C．She D．She's
2．—Are Mary and Jenny your classmates?
—________
G． They are.
H． Yes, they are.
I． No, they not.
D．They aren’t.
3．—Are these your English books?
—___. They are Mike’s.
C． No, these aren’t
B．Yes, they are
C．No, they aren’t
4．—Who teaches __
French?
—Nobody, I learn it by _____.
G． your; mine
H． you; myself
I． your; myself
D．you; me
5-Are those books ___?
—No, they are not mine. They belong to____.
G． your; he
H． yours; her
I． your; hers
D．yours; she
6．—Who is Mr. Li?
—He is ___ teacher and he teaches _____ English.
C． our; our B．us; us
C．our; us D．us; our
7．John asked the old man to teach __ traditional ways of making paper .
A．he B．Him C．His
D．himself
8.___ are in the same class.
A．I and you
B．You and I
C．Me and you
D．You and me
9．This is Helen's room. The bed is ____.
A．hers B．Yours
C．mine D．his
10．___ Bob. This is ____ pen.
A．I, my B．I’m, my
C．My, my D．I’m, I
11．— What's your brother's favourite colour?
— ____ favourite colour is red.
C． Him B．Her
C．He D．His
12．— What’s ___ name?
—____ is Dale.
C． your, I B．his, He
C．her, She D．her, He
13．Life is ________ dictionary, we should learn directly from it.
A．We B．Us
C．Our D．ours
14．—Could you lend me your dictionary? I left ___ at home.
—Of course.
C． it B．Yours
C．One D．mine
15．He learned French ____.
A．on his own
B．on him own
C．in his own
D．in him own
16．Mary will cook meals for herself because ____ mother is not at home next week.
A．her B．Hers
C．herself D． she
17．Lucy did well in skating and her father was surprised at ___ daughter's secret talent．
A．your B．His
C．her D．my
18．Look at the girl over there. ____ is my good friend and ____ birthday is September 11th..
A．He; his B．He; he’s
C.She; her D.She; she’s
19．We should take good care of ___ Mum when she is ill.
A．us B．Our
C．Ours D．ourselves
20.On ____ way home, Mr. and Mrs. White meet an old friend.
A．My B．Her C．His D．their
21.____ is Jack. ___ jacket is black.
A．He；He B．His； He C．He；His
22．Lam is often compared to Taiwanese (台湾)singer Jay Chou because__both write___own songs and are developing R&B style.
A．their…their
B．their…they
C．they…their
D．they…they
23．____ pen is blue. And ___ is black.
A．My; her B．My; his C．Me; his D．Hers; mine
24．— Is this Jim’s pencil?
— Yes, I think it’s ________.
C． mine B．Yours
C．his D．hers
25．Fangfang is in __ class. __ is __ good friend.
A．my;She;I
B．my;Her;my
C．my;She;my
D．I;Her;my
26．—Is this your schoolbag?
— Yes, it's __________.
C． my B．Me
C．mine D．I
27．__ is Lucy and __ name is Dale.
A．She; he B．She; her
C．She, his
28．Lisa, Sally and I are friends. The books over there are ____.
A．We B．Us C．our D．ours
29．_____ room is not big but nice.
A．Yours B．His
C．Hers D．They
30．The dictionary isn't ___, it's __.
A．his, your
B．your, yours
C．hers, mine
D．he's, his
31．—Is this Lily's classroom, Mary?
—No. It is ___classroom. ___is over there.
C． mine; Her B.my; Her
C．my; Hers D．her; Mine
32．—Is this Anna's blue jacket ?
—Yes, it is ___.
C． His B．Mine
C．Hers D．yours
33．—Is this your classroom, Mary?
—No. It is __ classroom. __ is over there.
G． their; Mine
H． their; My
I． theirs; My
D．theirs; Mine
34．___ are brothers. ___ family name is Black.
A．Their; They
B．Their; Their
C．They; Their
D．They; They
35．The book on the desk isn’t mine. Is it __?
A．yours B．Yourself
C．you D．your
36．The deaf girl often uses body language to show___ feelings.
A．her B．she C．hers D．herself
37．These are our desks. Those desks are ___.
A．her B．yours
C．your D．you
38．Look at the photo of my family. This is my aunt and __ are my parents.
A．This B．that C．It
D．these
39．-What’s this in English?
A．This is a pen.
B．It’s a pen.
C．This is an pen.
D．It’s an pen.
40．— Are those your __?
— Yes, ________.
C． erasers; they're
B．eraser; it is
C．eraser; it's
D．erasers; they are
41．—Hi, Allen. ___ is my friend, Tom.
—Hello, Tom! Nice to meet you.
C． She B．That
C．It D．This
42．—Are these Jeff and Jack?
—___.
C． Yes, they aren't B．No, these aren't
C.No, they aren't
D．Yes, these are
43．— Who’s ___?
— ___ is speaking, Mr. Wang.
G． this; This
H． that; That
I． that; This
D．this; That
44．—Hello. This is speaking Mary. ___?
—This is Lucy.
C． Who are you?
B．Who is that?
C．Who is this?
D．Who is it?
45．—__ books yours?
—No, ____ Jack’s.
G． Is that； they’re
H． Is this； it’s
I． Are those；it’s
D．Are these；they’re
46．The beaches in Hainan are better than ________ in Qingdao.
A．ones B．those
C．that D．which one
47．In this country, the population of the countryside is much smaller than ___of big cities .
A．that B．This
C．Those D．those
48．－Is that a ruler?
－No, ___.
C． it is B．it isn’t
C.that is D.that isn ’t
49．—Is this an orange?
—Yes, ____．
A．it's B．its not
C．it is D．is it
50．-What's your phone number?
- ____ 886-9988.
A．I'm B．He's C．It's D．it's
51．I think natural wonders are more interesting than man-made ____.
A．it B．Them
C．those D．ones
52．-- Are your sisters?
-- No, aren't.
C． these; those
B．these; they
C．those; these
D．they; these
53．The red maple leaves of Qixia Mountain are as beautiful as of Xiangshan.
A．it B．One
C．That D．those
54．—Excuse me. I'd like a ticket to Shanghai.
—Sorry. There is ___left.
C． some B．any
C．none D．every
55．There are so many people in the square, some people are dancing, and ____ are singing.
A．others B．the other
C.Other D.the others
56．We found __ difficult to communicate with that man. He is so strange.
A．One B．this C．It
D．that
57．— ___ are you eating?
— I'm eating ____ meat.
G． What, some
H． Which, any
I． Where, not
D．What, a
58.___ there ___ pork on the table?
A．Is; any B．Are; any
C．Is; some D．Are; some
59．___ there ___ beef on the table?
A．Is; any B．Are; any C.Is; some D.Are; some
60．He doesn't like talking with others, so he has __ friends at school.
There is __milk in the fridge,I must buy some.
A．a few B．little
C．few D．a little
61．—Susan, do you have a blue ruler?
—Yes, I have ___. And ___ is in my pencil box.
A．it; one B．one; one C．one; it D．it; it
62．—Shall we go swimming this Sunday?
—I'm afraid I won't be free. Let's make it ____ day.
C． the other B．Other
C．others D．another
63．—How ___ Japanese do you know?
—I am sorry. I know ___ about it. It’s too difficult.
C． many,few B．much,little
C.many,a few
D．much,a little
64．— Lucy, could you get ___ milk for me?
— Mom, there isn’t________.
G． some, some
H． any, any
I． any, some
D．some, any
65．—Would you like __ fish?
—No. thanks. I want ___ meat.
A.some,a B．some, any
C．any, any D．any, much

1．Lucy is not my cousin. ________ my sister.
A．He B．He's C．She D．She's
2．—Are Mary and Jenny your classmates?
—________
J． They are.
K． Yes, they are.
L． No, they not.
D．They aren’t.
3．—Are these your English books?
—___. They are Mike’s.
D． No, these aren’t
B．Yes, they are
C．No, they aren’t
4．—Who teaches __
French?
—Nobody, I learn it by _____.
J． your; mine
K． you; myself
L． your; myself
D．you; me
5-Are those books ___?
—No, they are not mine. They belong to____.
J． your; he
K． yours; her
L． your; hers
D．yours; she
6．—Who is Mr. Li?
—He is ___ teacher and he teaches _____ English.
D． our; our B．us; us
C．our; us D．us; our
7．John asked the old man to teach __ traditional ways of making paper .
A．he B．Him C．His
D．himself
8.___ are in the same class.
A．I and you
B．You and I
C．Me and you
D．You and me
9．This is Helen's room. The bed is ____.
A．hers B．Yours
C．mine D．his
10．___ Bob. This is ____ pen.
A．I, my B．I’m, my
C．My, my D．I’m, I
11．— What's your brother's favourite colour?
— ____ favourite colour is red.
D． Him B．Her
C．He D．His
12．— What’s ___ name?
—____ is Dale.
D． your, I B．his, He
C．her, She D．her, He
13．Life is ________ dictionary, we should learn directly from it.
A．We B．Us
C．Our D．ours
14．—Could you lend me your dictionary? I left ___ at home.
—Of course.
D． it B．Yours
C．One D．mine
15．He learned French ____.
A．on his own
B．on him own
C．in his own
D．in him own
16．Mary will cook meals for herself because ____ mother is not at home next week.
A．her B．Hers
C．herself D． she
17．Lucy did well in skating and her father was surprised at ___ daughter's secret talent．
A．your B．His
C．her D．my
18．Look at the girl over there. ____ is my good friend and ____ birthday is September 11th..
A．He; his B．He; he’s
C.She; her D.She; she’s
19．We should take good care of ___ Mum when she is ill.
A．us B．Our
C．Ours D．ourselves
20.On ____ way home, Mr. and Mrs. White meet an old friend.
A．My B．Her C．His D．their
21.____ is Jack. ___ jacket is black.
A．He；He B．His； He C．He；His
22．Lam is often compared to Taiwanese (台湾)singer Jay Chou because__both write___own songs and are developing R&B style.
A．their…their
B．their…they
C．they…their
D．they…they
23．____ pen is blue. And ___ is black.
A．My; her B．My; his C．Me; his D．Hers; mine
24．— Is this Jim’s pencil?
— Yes, I think it’s ________.
D． mine B．Yours
C．his D．hers
25．Fangfang is in __ class. __ is __ good friend.
A．my;She;I
B．my;Her;my
C．my;She;my
D．I;Her;my
26．—Is this your schoolbag?
— Yes, it's __________.
D． my B．Me
C．mine D．I
27．__ is Lucy and __ name is Dale.
A．She; he B．She; her
C．She, his
28．Lisa, Sally and I are friends. The books over there are ____.
A．We B．Us C．our D．ours
29．_____ room is not big but nice.
A．Yours B．His
C．Hers D．They
30．The dictionary isn't ___, it's __.
A．his, your
B．your, yours
C．hers, mine
D．he's, his
31．—Is this Lily's classroom, Mary?
—No. It is ___classroom. ___is over there.
D． mine; Her B.my; Her
C．my; Hers D．her; Mine
32．—Is this Anna's blue jacket ?
—Yes, it is ___.
D． His B．Mine
C．Hers D．yours
33．—Is this your classroom, Mary?
—No. It is __ classroom. __ is over there.
J． their; Mine
K． their; My
L． theirs; My
D．theirs; Mine
34．___ are brothers. ___ family name is Black.
A．Their; They
B．Their; Their
C．They; Their
D．They; They
35．The book on the desk isn’t mine. Is it __?
A．yours B．Yourself
C．you D．your
36．The deaf girl often uses body language to show___ feelings.
A．her B．she C．hers D．herself
37．These are our desks. Those desks are ___.
A．her B．yours
C．your D．you
38．Look at the photo of my family. This is my aunt and __ are my parents.
A．This B．that C．It
D．these
39．-What’s this in English?
A．This is a pen.
B．It’s a pen.
C．This is an pen.
D．It’s an pen.
40．— Are those your __?
— Yes, ________.
D． erasers; they're
B．eraser; it is
C．eraser; it's
D．erasers; they are
41．—Hi, Allen. ___ is my friend, Tom.
—Hello, Tom! Nice to meet you.
D． She B．That
C．It D．This
42．—Are these Jeff and Jack?
—___.
D． Yes, they aren't B．No, these aren't
C.No, they aren't
D．Yes, these are
43．— Who’s ___?
— ___ is speaking, Mr. Wang.
J． this; This
K． that; That
L． that; This
D．this; That
44．—Hello. This is speaking Mary. ___?
—This is Lucy.
D． Who are you?
B．Who is that?
C．Who is this?
D．Who is it?
45．—__ books yours?
—No, ____ Jack’s.
J． Is that； they’re
K． Is this； it’s
L． Are those；it’s
D．Are these；they’re
46．The beaches in Hainan are better than ________ in Qingdao.
A．ones B．those
C．that D．which one
47．In this country, the population of the countryside is much smaller than ___of big cities .
A．that B．This
C．Those D．those
48．－Is that a ruler?
－No, ___.
D． it is B．it isn’t
C.that is D.that isn ’t
49．—Is this an orange?
—Yes, ____．
A．it's B．its not
C．it is D．is it
50．-What's your phone number?
- ____ 886-9988.
A．I'm B．He's C．It's D．it's
51．I think natural wonders are more interesting than man-made ____.
A．it B．Them
C．those D．ones
52．-- Are your sisters?
-- No, aren't.
D． these; those
B．these; they
C．those; these
D．they; these
53．The red maple leaves of Qixia Mountain are as beautiful as of Xiangshan.
A．it B．One
C．That D．those
54．—Excuse me. I'd like a ticket to Shanghai.
—Sorry. There is ___left.
D． some B．any
C．none D．every
55．There are so many people in the square, some people are dancing, and ____ are singing.
A．others B．the other
C.Other D.the others
56．We found __ difficult to communicate with that man. He is so strange.
A．One B．this C．It
D．that
57．— ___ are you eating?
— I'm eating ____ meat.
J． What, some
K． Which, any
L． Where, not
D．What, a
58.___ there ___ pork on the table?
A．Is; any B．Are; any
C．Is; some D．Are; some
59．___ there ___ beef on the table?
A．Is; any B．Are; any C.Is; some D.Are; some
60．He doesn't like talking with others, so he has __ friends at school.
There is __milk in the fridge,I must buy some.
A．a few B．little
C．few D．a little
61．—Susan, do you have a blue ruler?
—Yes, I have ___. And ___ is in my pencil box.
A．it; one B．one; one C．one; it D．it; it
62．—Shall we go swimming this Sunday?
—I'm afraid I won't be free. Let's make it ____ day.
D． the other B．Other
C．others D．another
63．—How ___ Japanese do you know?
—I am sorry. I know ___ about it. It’s too difficult.
D． many,few B．much,little
C.many,a few
D．much,a little
64．— Lucy, could you get ___ milk for me?
— Mom, there isn’t________.
J． some, some
K． any, any
L． any, some
D．some, any
65．—Would you like __ fish?
—No. thanks. I want ___ meat.
A.some,a B．some, any
C．any, any D．any, much