写作素材及话题表达积累 环保 学案 2022届高考英语外刊学习
展开How to reduce carbon emissions？
如何减少碳排放？
外刊素材原句
What governments and companies can do？
1. Introduce waste-sorting rules推行垃圾分类政策
Waste is an important contributor to carbon emissions. With more waste being recycled, less of it needs to be landfilled or incinerated, processes in which the waste decomposes and produces greenhouse gases.
废物是造成碳排放的重要因素。随着越来越多的废物被回收利用，越来越少的废物需要填埋或焚化（在这些过程中，废物会分解并产生温室气体）。
2. Impose a carbon tax实施碳税
A carbon tax is a tax levied on the carbon content of goods and services, predominantly in the transport and energy sectors. Carbon taxes intend to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by increasing prices, thereby decreasing demand for such goods and services.
碳税是对商品和服务的碳含量征收的税，主要是在运输和能源部门。碳税旨在通过提高价格来减少二氧化碳排放，从而减少对此类商品和服务的需求。
3. Subsidize public transportation补贴公共交通
Offering a reasonable discount encourages workers to take public means of transport instead of using their own car to commute.
提供合理的折扣可以鼓励工作者们乘坐公共交通工具，而不是自己开车上下班。
4. Organize carpooling initiatives组织拼车活动
Organizing carpooling among staff who live in the same neighborhoods is another great way to reduce carbon emissions from vehicle.
在居住在同一街区的员工中组织拼车是减少汽车碳排放的另一个好方法。
What individuals can do?
1. Consume less meat减少肉的食用量
Cutting down on meat, red meat in particular, is a better choice for the environment. This is because the production of red meat uses a lot of feed, water and land. Cows themselves also give off methane emissions (a harmful greenhouse gas).
减少肉食，尤其是红肉，对环境来说是更好的选择。这是因为生产红肉需要大量的饲料、水和土地。奶牛本身也会释放甲烷（一种有害的温室气体）。
2. Reduce dependence on private cars 减少对私家车的依赖
Private transport is one of the world's biggest source of greenhouse gases. The shift away from private cars to cycling, walking, car-pooling and public transport can help cut one's carbon footprint.
私人交通是世界上最大的温室气体来源之一。从私家车转向自行车、步行、拼车和公共交通，有助于减少碳使用量。
3. Reduce waste减少废弃物
Example：reuse the shopping bag反复使用购物袋
It saves energy to use a resusable bag when shopping, instead of accepting a disposable one in each shop.
购物时使用可回收的袋子，而不是每个商店都接受一次性袋子，这样可以节省能源。
话题词汇及表达积累
1. 碳排放_________________________
2. 垃圾分类政策_________________________
3. 填埋_________________________
4. 温室气体_________________________
5. 碳税_________________________
6. 减少对……的需求_________________________
7. 乘坐公共交通工具_________________________
8. 通勤；上下班往返_________________________
9. 拼车carpooling
10. 碳足迹_________________________
11. 节约能源_________________________
12. 一次性购物袋_________________________
环境类话题词汇
1.环保的
除了最常用的environmentally friendly，还可以用eco-friendly、green、low-carbon、clean。与environmentally friendly不同的是，这几个词一般都是在名词前作定语。
①___________中的eco-是ecosystem的缩写。
eco-friendly technologies环保技术 eco-friendly products环保产品
②___________表示与环境/环保相关的。如：
Green issues such as the greenhouse effect and global warming
诸如温室效应和全球变暖的环境问题。
Citizens should try to adopt greener lifestyles.
居民应该采取更环保的生活方式。
③___________是个合成词：低碳的。经常修饰与生活相关的词。
a low-carbon life低碳生活
low-carbon lifestyles低碳生活方式
low-carbon travel低碳出行
④___________一般与能源搭配：
clean energy sources清洁能源
clean fuels清洁燃料
2. 有害环境的
很多同学会将有害环境的写成harmful/damaging to the environment，其实可以仿照environmentally friendly的结构，即副词+形容词：______________________。相比于前者来说更加简洁地道。
如果是动词形式，则写成：_______________________________________【反义词】protect/preserve/conserve/safeguard the environment保护环境。
3. 环保意识
环保意识除了______________________，可以直接写成______________________。比如raise citizens' environmental awareness提高市民的环保意识。
如果是形容词形式(有环保意识的)，可以写成______________________或______________________。
Many companies are becoming more environmentally aware.很多公司变得更加有环保意识。
