2022北京丰台区高三下学期二模考试英语试题含答案

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北京市丰台区2021-2022学年度第二学期综合练习（二）高三英语        2022.04本试卷100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。笔试（共三部分100分）第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。As one of the most common students. I pulled myself through every day hoping to stay invisible（隐形的），yet somehow I wondered why it was impossible for anyone else to              1              me.Then one day, a simple 2  from a teacher changed my life.That day, Mr. Curtis, our band director, played a B-flat pitch and asked us to tune（调音） our instrument one by one. As he listened，his serious face and impatient steps showed his 3                            with each note.  No one              4My turn was coming soon, and I was fearful. I had to play all by myself while others sat and listened! I felt              5              in my chair.“Maya! It's your turn. Play!”“It was only a note.” I closed my eyes, and took my turn. I played my single note quietly, and with all the feelings I had felt that year. I poured my heart into that one moment of music, and the sound echoed softly through the room. I was right on pitch, but I didn't  6                            Mr. Curtis's  reaction.(He looked at me as if for the first time; his serious face relaxed into a relieved smile. “That is what I have been              7              !That was a perfect note!” And then he said something I have never forgotten. “Maya, that one note has earned you an 'A' this year. Keep it up.”Nobody could imagine my  8  at that moment. I had remainedunnoticed for so long, yet Mr. Curtis helped me see my 9   .One ray of light came into the shadow of my school life, and a seed started to sprout（发芽）. Thanks to Mr. Curtis， I found a place to                            101.A.see    B.know   C.save    D.ask2.A. request   B.explanation  C.comment   D.guidance3.A.dissatisfaction  B.sympathy  C.embarrassment  D.confusion4.A.tried    B.replied   C.escaped   D.left5.A.frozen   B.puzzled  C. disappointed  D.ashamed6.A.receive   B.change   C. disturb    D.expect7.A. paying for  B.waiting for  C. preparing for  D.applying for8.A.curiosity   B.anxiety   C. excitement   D.calmness9.A.purpose   B.potential  C. responsibility  D.challenge10.A.share   B.hide   C. rest    D.grow第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。ASome bullet trains don't run on tracks at all. They fly over them. They    11 （call） maglev bullet trains（磁悬浮高速列车），and they use two groups of magnets to move. One group pushes the trains up and off the tracks and the other group pushes the trains forward,              12                            makes the trains go much faster and make less noise, too. The world's                            13              (fast) train now is a maglev train in China. It has a maximum speed of 600 kilometers per hour.BPolio is a scary disease    14 (cause) children to lose the ability to move and walk. More than 60 years ago, it frightened parents everywhere. Tens of thousands of children                            15              (fall) to the disease. Today, we don't really need to worry about polio. In the mid-1950s, scientists came up with a special treatment to decrease the chances of getting the disease.               16                            (give) to millions of children around the world, the treatment saved them all and offered them a good chance at a                            17                            (health)life.CGreat magicians can change people's attention easily. They do it with grand hand gestures. They also do it              18               asking questions and changing the subject. Anyone can be a magician,but19                 (become)a great one, you have to work at it. Learning tricks isn't enough. You need to develop your performance and people skills, too. All of those                            20                            (help) you put on a great show and surprise people with your magic.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APicnic Shelter ReservationsVancouver Parks and Recreation maintains four covered picnic shelters that are available for reservation at the following parks:●Fisher Basin Community Park●Leroy Haagen Memorial Park●Marine Community Park●Marshall Community ParkPicnic shelters are available to reserve between May 1 and September 30 each year.  Reservations are for the entire day with a reservation fee of $100. When not reserved, shelters are available for free. Reserve a picnic shelter by calling 360-487-7100.Shelter Reservation Cancellation PolicyIf canceled one month or more before the rental date, 100% of the fee will be refunded. If canceled 1-4 weeks before the rental date, 75% of thefee will be refunded. No refunds will be granted if the reservation iscanceled less than one week prior to the rental date.Frequently Asked QuestionsQ: Is there a way to find out if an event is already scheduled at a park?Yes. Contact Marshall Community Center at 360-487-7100 to find out about events taking place in our parks.Q：What amenities（设施） are included with a picnic shelter reservation？Reservations include use of all picnic tables located within the shelter and electricity (there is no electricity at Marine Park). Playground amenities and restrooms will be shared with the public.Park Use PermitsDepending on the type of event you're hosting, you will need to get a Park Use Permit from Vancouver Parks and Recreation. A Park Use Permit gives you permission to bring special items and equipment into the park.21. If you cancel 3 weeks before the rental date, how much money will you get back?A.$100.   B.$75.   C.$25.   D.SO.22. According to the passage, Vancouver picnic shelters        A. don't allow visitors to host eventsB. don't offer picnic tables or electricityC. are available to reserve all year roundD. can be used for free when not reserved23.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain the rules of park management.B. To recommend shelters of different parks.C. To introduce the functions of picnic shelters.D. To provide information of shelter reservations.24.Where is this passage most likely from?A. A book review.      B.A news report.C.A travel brochure.     D. A science journal.BFrom sausage rolls to sweets and a coffee with a bin,  there were many things that made Greg Robinson smile.When the father-of-two, who was in his 50s,died suddenly in April 2021, his family's life was turned upside down.Greg ran a gift shop in his hometown of  Donaghadce.   Whether it was at work, walking the dog, with his local flute band or just out in his belayed town, his family said Greg made time for those in need. Now, on the week of his first anniversary, his family shared some of the things that made him smile with their community.“We wanted to plan something together that allowed us to put our energy into something positive and give us something practical to do, which we knew would have an impact on others,” they told the reporter.“We knew that by making others smile, we in turn would feel the benefit of that too. We have realised the importance of little things that have made us smile throughout the past year.”As Greg loved his town and the community, all the gifts were purchased locally. Among them are vouchers（代金券）for a bakery，for some of his favourite sausage rolls, an ice-cream shop where he used to buy a quarter of sweets, and a cafe because “a wee coffee and a bun would have made dad's face light up with excitement”.“When someone dies, it is often the case that people are scared to mention the loved one in case it makes you sad, but the journey has taught us that this isn't the case. The wonderful memories of dad shared by our community bring so much comfort,” his family said.“We love those times when we hear how dad had impacted their lives, from showing kindness as a teenager at high school, to chatting away to customers in his shop,” they added.For Greg's children, they will be forever grateful for their dad teaching them “to focus on the positive parts of the day, looking for ways that we can express gratitude for everyday things”.25. What do we know about Greg from the first three paragraphs?A. Greg was often ready to help others.B. Greg had a great passion for cooking.C. Greg earned his living by playing in a band.D. Greg's death had little impact on his family.26.How did the community react after receiving the gifts?A.  They gathered and comforted Greg's family.B.  They expressed sadness about Greg's death.C.  They were still afraid to talk about Greg.D.  They shared good memories of Greg.27. What would be the best title for this passage?A. An Act of Kindness in Memory of GregB.  Unusual Ways to Thank Greg's CommunityC. A Huge Celebration of Greg's Family ReunionD.  Special Gifts to Record the Family Life of GregCIt shouldn't come as news to anyone that the planet is moving quickly towards a climate emergency. And fast fashion certainly plays its part in this.Fast fashion brands, which release hundreds of new styles every week, have caused trends cycles to speed up rapidly, leading to overproduction and overconsumption. British shoppers are buying twice as much as we did a decade ago and both brands and consumers are throwing away “unfashionable” clothing more often-over £300,000 of it ends up in landfill every year. How do we solve this issue?One answer lies in the new generation of made-to-order brands making their way into the mainstream. These brands make clothes only as and when they're ordered, and because there's no overproduction, less unwanted stock ends up in landfills. They also promote a slower fashion model, with pieces taking between three weeks and three months to arrive once purchased. The focus is on creating special, well-made pieces for consumers to treasure foryears to come.Made-to-order fashion is nothing new. Until the mid-20th century, it was the norm. However, the 1960s brought about the dawn of fast fashion and a shift in our relationship with our clothes. The value once placed on craftsmanship and quality was replaced by the desire for low cost and volume, resulting in cut-cost production and the attitude that clothing should be cheap and disposable.Of course, made-to-order fashion has continued to exist alongside this, though research clearly shows that fast fashion prevails（盛行）.Cue a made-to-order brand bringing bespoke（定制）back to the mainstream. Spanish brand Alas features a slow business model. It takes orders each week which are then handmade and delivered in about three weeks. It also revolves around an on-demand production process that rewards consumers for “pre-planned responsible shopping.” Every week, they launch a new drop, available to pre-order for a discounted rate for a limited time. From pre-order, Alas determines how popular each new item is and calculates how many units should be produced to fulfill both pre-orders and future full-price orders, therefore reducing the overproduction of stock.With made-to-order brands growing in popularity, it begs the question-could this be the dawn of a new, environmentally responsible era? The answer is self-evident.28. What do the first two paragraphs mainly show?A. Our strong desire for fashion.B. The fast development of fashion industry.C. The urgent need for a different fashion model.D.  The advantages and disadvantages of fast fashion.29. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. The shadow of fast fashion.B. The value placed on quality.C. The shift towards a green lifestyle.D. The criticism for cheapness and quantity.30. What does the example of Spanish brand Alas tell us?A. The reward mechanism is a must in slow fashion.B. It takes patience and thought to buy made-to-order items.C.  The pre-order model reduces the cost of purchasing brands.D.  Consumers have a say about how their orders are produced.31.As for the future of made-to-order fashion, the author is .A.  anxious   B. confident  C. puzzled   D.  curiousDPeople's distrust in science has led many scientists to take up arms (or at least keyboards) to defend their enterprise. But in their efforts to fight back against science denial, some scientists say things that just aren't true-and you can't build trust if the things you are saying are not trustworthy.One popular move is to insist that science is right-full stop-and that once we discover the truth about the world, we are done. Or, as famous physicist Steven Smith said, “Even though a scientific theory is in a sense a social consensus（共识）， it is unlike any other sort of consensus in that it is culture-free and permanent.” Well, no. Even a modest familiarity with the history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had resolved, only to discover that they needed to be reconsidered.Another popular move is to say scientific findings are true because scientists use “the scientific method.” But we can never actually agree on what that method is. Some will say it is the observation and description of the world. Others will say it is the experimental method. Recently a prominent scientist claimed the scientific method was to avoid fooling oneself into thinking something is true that is not.Each of these views has its merits, but if the claim is that any one of these is the scientific method, then they all fail. In point of fact, the methods of science have varied between disciplines and across time.In my view, the biggest mistake scientists make is to claim that this is all somehow simple and therefore to imply that anyone who doesn't get it isstupid. Science is not simple, and neither is the natural world; therein lies the challenge of science communication. What we do is both hard and, often. hard to explain. Our efforts to understand and characterize the natural world  are just that: efforts. Because we're human, we often fall nat. The good news is that when that happens, we pick ourselves up,  brush ourselves off, and get back to work.Scientific theories are not perfect replicas of reality, but we have good reason to believe that they capture significant elements of it. And experience reminds us that when we ignore reality, it sooner or later comes back to bite us.32. Paragraph 2 stresses that       A. scientific theories may change with timeB.the familiarity with science's history mattersC.the unresolved matters should be reconsideredD. a social consensus is culture-free and permanent33.According to the passage, the author might agree that     A. it is critical for scientists to stay true to realityB.  science puts an accurate interpretation on natureC. the definitions of the scientific method are outdatedD. the credibility of scientific theories is underestimated34. How does the author persuade readers in this passage?A. By stressing the importance of science.B. By comparing opposite opinions on science.C. By questioning the way scientific discoveries are made.D. By pointing out the fault in claims made by some scientists.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。How many times have you wondered about how much better things might have been if the younger you had made different decisions? Or, have you breathed a sigh of relief when you recognize that one of your luckychoices ended up much better off than you might have been, if things hadgone a different way?35 l1 is the birthplace of emotions such as regret, gratitude, and guilt. Picturing an alternative outcome to what has actually happened in one's life holds an irresistible appeal, even when it leads to unhappiness.  It is therefore not surprising that it has become a hot topic of research in social psychology.Counterfactual thinking often plays out in real-time on national television after a natural disaster.36_ The victims are usually shaken and highly emotional, and they have often lost everything that they owned. And yet, we commonly hear them use words such as “lucky” or “grateful" to describe their feelings.   37.. If the person had really been lucky, wouldn't they still have a house and have been spared from all of the grief they must now endure? Some psychologists have argued that one of the benefits of counterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tool for making us more resilient（迅速 复苏的）．38 That paves the way for positive emotions that might help them through a very dark time in their lives.Counterfactual thinking is simply part of who we are. 39 Many psychologists believe that it exists to helps us crystallize（变明确） the goals that are most important to us and to improve our ability to wisely choose future courses of action.A. At first glance, this response does not make much sense.B This type of mental “what-ifism” is called counterfactual thinking.C. Even though it sometimes makes us sad, it can also do us some good.The imagination of a life has been the inspiration for dozens of movies.E. News reporters frequently interview survivors who have barely escaped with their lives.F The more important the event is, the more intense our counterfactual thinking about it will be.G. The mind of the counterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstancesthat would have been even worse.第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。For many, theater is more than entertainment; it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others' emotions.Research found that after watching theater, audience expressed more empathy for the characters onstage. The plays also changed behavior. Researchers gave audience members the option to donate some of their payment to charity. After seeing the plays, audience members donated more money to charity-whether or not the charity was related to the topics in the plays.Why does live theater have these effects? Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it.A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own.The arts are essential to human flourishing（繁荣）.As we move beyond the pandemic, we will need to focus on healing collectively and connecting better. Providing greater access to the arts-and using them to share stories across cultural and social difference-will be an important part of this path to recovery.40.What is empathy?41. According to the research. what effects did live theater have on audience?42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.   Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences.43.Besides watching live theater. what other way(s) can help to build empathy? (In about 40 words)第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校将开展每天锻炼一小时的活动。请你给交换生 Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：1．邀请理由：2．锻炼的具体安排。注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua