上海市闵行区2021-2022学年高三一模英语试题

这是一份上海市闵行区2021-2022学年高三一模英语试题，共32页。试卷主要包含了短对话，短文，长对话，用单词的适当形式完成短文，选用适当的单词或短语补全短文，完形填空，阅读理解，六选四等内容，欢迎下载使用。

上海市闵行区2021-2022学年高三一模英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________


一、短对话
1．Where does this conversation probably take place?
A．In a restaurant. B．In a hotel. C．In a pub. D．In a coffee shop.
2．What does the man mean?
A．He suggests eating out. B．He doesn’t like the talk show.
C．He enjoys making dinner. D．He prefers to have ready-made food.
3．What is the woman doing?
A．Writing an application letter. B．Searching for information.
C．Having an online interview. D．Learning high-tech knowledge.
4．What is the woman calling for?
A．Checking the business hours. B．Making a complaint.
C．Requiring fees for a repair. D．Changing an item.
5．According to the woman, what makes the sweater unsuitable for the man?
A．Its color. B．Its material. C．Its style. D．Its brand.
6．What are the speakers complaining about?
A．Noise in a waiting room. B．Facilities in a hotel.
C．Services in a restaurant. D．Environment in a cinema.
7．What does the woman mean?
A．The TV isn’t worth repairing. B．John should give priority to his study.
C．She can get the TV to work again. D．Someone should help John.
8．What does the man mean?
A．He prefers to do something else. B．He is the last person to offer help.
C．He is quite late for the dinner party. D．He will do anything to help.
9．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The man’s speech was persuasive. B．The woman misunderstood Philip’s topic.
C．The woman was puzzled by the speech. D．The man failed to win the speech contest.
10．What does the woman imply?
A．She is keen on abstract paintings. B．She isn’t able to appreciate the paintings.
C．She doesn’t like art history class. D．She has a better taste of art than the man.

二、短文
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
11．Who won the Animal Behavior Prize?
A．Peter Evans. B．Jim Carson. C．Gio Santos. D．Kiren Nadar.
12．How does the monkey look like in the picture?
A．Frightened. B．Excited. C．Desperate. D．Quiet.
13．Which statement is true about Kiren Nadar?
A．He won the grand prize of the year. B．He takes pictures of endangered animals.
C．He shots images of common creatures. D．He loves to observe animal behaviors.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
14．What does Volterman wallet mainly focus on?
A．Convenience. B．Flexibility.
C．Light weight. D．Security.
15．What will you receive if your Volterman wallet is stolen?
A．A picture of the thief. B．A text message.
C．The track of the thief. D．A voice message.
16．Which of the following function about the wallet is not mentioned?
A．Distance alarm. B．GPS tracking.
C．Digital payment. D．Power supply.


三、长对话
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
17．What happened when Tim used a guidebook in Australia?
A．He found the best budget hotel ever. B．He ended up at an unexpected destination.
C．He lost his way to the booked hotel. D．It took him long to find the booked hotel.
18．What does Tim say about the information in the guidebooks?
A．Background information isn’t necessary.
B．Information should be more vividly written.
C．Travelers don’t read the information carefully.
D．Information should be revised more often.
19．Why does Tim like Twitter tourism?
A．Because it allows him to save time and expense.
B．Because he can get free advice from the local people.
C．Because it helps him discover some unusual things to do.
D．Because he can meet more travelers and share experiences.
20．What does Tim mainly tell us?
A．The limitation of guidebooks. B．The importance of guidebook usage.
C．How to choose a right guidebook. D．The real value of traveling.


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The UK government recently has made a plan to reduce waste that shifts the responsibility for disposal (处置) from the state to the companies that make it.
The legislation (法律条文) requires waste producers to pay into the system 21． or through their suppliers. That is 22． the government called a Polluter Pays Principle. Simply 23． (state), the Polluter Pays Principle implies that the costs associated with pollution are to be paid by polluters, not by government or society. Businesses will have to change their waste processing before the tax comes into effect. This is similar to the anti-waste legislation passed in France in February 2020 24． forbids the producers to destruct the unsold clothing, cosmetics, and electrical products. Companies will have to reuse or recycle the items.
The demand for legislation like the tough attitude the UK 25． (take) has been increasing according to Positive News. And it is not just environmental groups calling for the changes. This is a consumer driven movement and people are willing to pay more for sustainable brands. In the past year alone, sales of consumer goods from brands with a demonstrated commitment to sustainability have grown more than 4% globally, 26．those without grew less than 1%.
What is absolutely certain is that local governments will save a lot of money as the responsibility shifts to the polluters. That could be 27． (good) invested in things like social care or parks or libraries. Other countries have already made great progress in reducing waste. So far, Sweden’s anti-waste program is so efficient that the whole country is running out of trash. The 28． (recycle) rate is almost 99 percent and they are rapidly approaching zero waste.
In many countries, kitchen and gardening waste makes up of the biggest part of waste. This type of waste, 29． collected separately, can be turned into an energy source or fertilizer.
30． the differences in policies and regulations, one thing is clear: governments are sharing a common concept that the prevention of environmental damage should be based on concrete principles and solid actions.


五、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．grade B．commercialized C．demand D．unproductive E. sampled
F. protected G. process H. contributor I. transport J. cultivation K. consumption
Eco-friendly, lab-grown coffee is on the way
Heiko Rischer isn’t quite sure how to describe the taste of lab-grown coffee. This summer he 31． one of the first batches (批) in the world produced from cell cultures (细胞培养) rather than coffee beans.
“To describe it is difficult but, for me, it was in between a coffee and a black tea,” said Rischer, head of plant biotechnology at the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, which developed the coffee. “It depends really on the roasting 32．, and this was a bit of a lighter roast, so it had a little bit more of a tea-like feeling.”
People have to wait before they can taste the coffee, as this cellular agriculture innovation is not yet approved for public 33．. Rischer predicts that VTT’s lab-grown coffee could get approval from the governments in Europe and the US in about four years’ time, paving the way for a 34． product that could have a much lower climate impact than conventional coffee.
The coffee industry is both a 35． to the climate crisis and very vulnerable (脆弱的) to its effects. Rising 36． for coffee has been linked to deforestation (砍伐森林) in developing nations, damaging biodiversity and releasing carbon emissions. At the same time, coffee producers are struggling with the impacts of more extreme weather, from frosts to droughts. It’s estimated that half of the land used to grow coffee could be 37． by 2050 due to the climate crisis.
In response to the industry’s challenges, companies and scientists are trying to develop and commercialize coffee made without coffee beans.
VTT’s coffee is grown by floating cell cultures in bioreactors (生物反应堆) filled with a nutrient. The 38． requires no pesticides and has a much lower water footprint, said Rischer, and because the coffee can be produced in local markets, it cuts 39． emissions. The company is working on a life cycle analysis of the process. “Once we have those figures, we will be able to show that the environmental impact will be much lower than what we have with traditional 40．,” Rischer said.


六、完形填空
Trying to make a big decision while you’re also preparing for a scary presentation? You might want to 41 doing that. Most people prefer to have sufficient time to analyze a situation and consider the 42 . Feeling stressed changes how people 43 risk and reward. A new article published in Current Directions in Psychological Science reviews how, under stress, people pay more attention to the 44 of a possible outcome. Pressure can result in 45 attention and the use of unconscious reasoning. It can force a decision-maker to sort the relevant factors from the irrelevant, and can 46 clear thinking with specific priorities. 
It’s a bit 47 that stress makes people focus on the way things could go right, says Mara Mather of the University of Southern California. “This is sort of not what people would think,” Mather says, “Stress is usually associated with disagreeable experiences, so you’d think that maybe I’m going to be more focused on the 48 outcomes.” But researchers have found that when people are under stress — by being told to hold their hand in ice water for a few minutes, for example, or give a speech — they start paying more attention to positive information and 49 negative information. “Stress seems to worsen their learning from negative feedback,” Mather says. This means when people under stress are making a difficult decision, they may pay more attention to the upsides of the alternatives they’re considering and less to the downsides. So someone who’s deciding whether to take a new job and is feeling stressed by the 50 might weigh the increase in salary more heavily than the worse commute (通勤)。
The increased focus on the positive also helps explain why stress plays a role in 51 , and people under stress have a harder time controlling their urges. “The compulsion to get the reward comes stronger and they’re less able to 52 it,” Mather says. So a person who’s under stress might think only about the good feelings they’ll get from negative things like a drug, while the 53 shrink to the distance.
Stress also 54 the differences in how men and women think about risk. When men are under stress, they become even more 55 to take risks; when women are stressed, they get more conservative. Mather links this to another research that finds, at difficult times, men tend to face the situation, while women are likely to be more conservative.
41．A．try B．delay C．deny D．forbid
42．A．requirements B．reasons C．chances D．alternatives
43．A．weigh B．overlook C．confuse D．classify
44．A．imperfection B．risk C．advantage D．uncertainty
45．A．conflicted B．focused C．unexpected D．separated
46．A．break off B．hold up C．account for D．bring out
47．A．surprising B．fortunate C．reasonable D．pleasant
48．A．conscious B．immediate C．negative D．favorable
49．A．neglecting B．enhancing C．analyzing D．evaluating
50．A．position B．decision C．qualification D．schedule
51．A．judgement B．progress C．relationship D．addiction
52．A．value B．adopt C．resist D．maintain
53．A．downsides B．desires C．defeats D．benefits
54．A．declines B．increases C．eliminates D．worsens
55．A．reliable B．reluctant C．qualified D．willing


七、阅读理解
Sasha saves the day
Though I can’t recall who the gift was from, what I do remember about the gift is my initial reaction to it. When our toddler (学步的小孩) opened the box and pulled out the soft toy, my mind immediately went to the existing mountain of stuffed animals in our house. I knew that this orange knit cat, named Sasha, according to the box, was straight into that pile.
We had no idea what we were up against. When the gift box containing Sasha arrived two years into our time as parents, most surfaces in our house were covered in kid stuff. We had discovered that we could live with pretty much anything if it kept the peace and kept our kid safe.
As I expected, Sasha went into the mountain of stuffed animals. Less predictably, however, the knit cat didn’t stay in the pile. I’m not sure why. Sasha is sweet but looks unremarkable. Picture a medium-sized knit orange cat with an angled smile and a purple sweater.
No doubt part of Sasha’s appeal came from its involvement in mealtimes. We were desperate for distractions, particularly when our son was in the highchair. Without entertainment, our toddler would fight the injustice of being required to stay seated while eating. My husband started to use Sasha in the distraction games with success. We knew we were onto something when our son started asking to go into his highchair to play the “Sasha game”.
In time, Sasha’s powers grew beyond distraction. If we were having a hard time talking our son into doing something, sometimes the knit cat could bring him around.
This comfort was particularly critical when it was bedtime. Sleep was challenging for our son for a long time and, as a result, for us. We discovered that our child liked to cuddle (依偎) the knit cat at night and was able to settle down more easily if Sasha was there. This made the knit cat priceless in our household.
Remarkably, our son is now a teenager and, if all goes as planned, he will leave home to attend university later this year. Sasha no longer has a prominent role in our day-to-day lives, but I know that I will never throw Sasha out. We all love that knit cat.
Come fall, when I am an empty nester, I might just pull Sasha out again to provide comfort to me.
56．When the author first saw the gift, she thought that ______.
A．it would add happy hours to the family B．it would not be appreciated
C．it was unique among other toys D．her kid would find it fascinating
57．What do we know about the author’s kid?
A．He was restless when eating. B．He preferred to be left alone.
C．He liked to collect knit toys. D．He talked a lot with the toy.
58．The sentence “the knit cat could bring him around” probably means that ______.
A．the knit cat sometimes drove away the kid’s attention
B．the knit cat was always playing around the boy
C．the knit cat could persuade the boy to do something
D．the knit cat had hard time talking with the kid
59．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A．At first sight, the knit cat was appealing to the family.
B．The knit cat helped the kid to behave better when eating.
C．The boy was able to sleep well with the knit cat around him.
D．The author also enjoys the company of the knit cate.

(You may read the questions first.)
Book 1
In Factfulness, Professor Hans Roslingasks simple questions like ‘How many girls finish school?’ and ‘What percentage of the world’s population is poor?’ It turns out that the majority of us get the answers to these questions completely wrong. Why does this happen? Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several instincts humans have that distort (扭曲) our perspective. Yes, there are real concerns. But we should adopt a mindset of factfulness – only carrying opinions that are supported by strong facts. This book focuses on our instinctive biases (偏见), offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.
Book 2
Are things getting worse every day? Is progress an impossible goal? In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives. Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data. In 75 surprising graphs, we see that safety, peace, knowledge and health are getting better all over the world. Economic inequality, he claims, is not really a problem, because it is not actually that important for human well-being.
Book 3
For more than two hundred years those who hold negative thoughts have been winning the public debate. They tell us that things are getting worse. But as a matter of fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child mortality are falling. Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialization. This bold book looks at the entirety of human history – from the Stone Age to the 21st century – and changes the concept that it’s all going downhill.
Book 4
The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty and wars. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty. This is happening across developing countries around the world. The end of the Cold War, the development of new technologies and brave new leadership have helped to improve the lives of hundreds of millions of people in poor countries. In his book The Great Surge, Stevens Radelet describes how all of this is happening and, more importantly, it shows us how we can speed up the process.
60．What is the common feature of the four books?
A．They focus on the present situations concerning developing countries.
B．They emphasize the importance of dealing with problems in poor countries.
C．They try to direct readers to a positive path in terms of human development.
D．They appeal to show more sympathy and understanding for poor countries.
61．Which author supports his arguments by providing factual evidence?
A．Hans Roslingasks B．Steven Pinker
C．Matt Ridley D．Stevens Radelet
62．Which of the following can be a possible title for Book 3?
A．The Rational Optimist B．Human History: Where Are We
C．A Public Debate D．Out of Poverty: What and How

As the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gone global, we’ve watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don’t know where to focus their efforts or they haven’t understood how to improve these skills on a practical level. In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve----and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.
The first step is to get a sense of how your self-perception (how you see yourself) differs from your reputation (how others see you). This is especially true for the development of EI because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions. For example, most of us think that we’re good listeners, but very often that’s really not the case. Without this external reality check, it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance. Getting feedback from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.
To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self-perception and reputation, you should use a 360-drgree feedback assessment that takes into account the multiple aspects of EI. The key is to find one to give you feedback, which is focused on development and not on performance assessment. And that can give you a detailed understanding of how other people’s assessments of you differ from your own assessments.
Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are. When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence, you’re at a huge disadvantage if you’re only interested because others said you should be. Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically (内在的) motivated to make the effort matters more when changing longstanding habits than it does when simply learning a skill.
That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at the intersection of the feedback you’ve gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations (渴望). Understanding the influences of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over a long period of time as you do the work of strengthening your emotional intelligence.
63．What do we know from the first paragraph?
A．Professionals fail to understand the concepts of EI.
B．EI plays a key role in professional development.
C．Leaders are badly in need of improving their EI.
D．You have to turn to others to know which EI to improve.
64．According to the passage, which of the following is an “external reality check”?
A．You got help from your parents when making a key decision.
B．Your teacher directed you towards a better attitude in study.
C．You reflected yourself and made a New Year Resolution.
D．Your career development speeds up with the guidance of others.
65．Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the 4th paragraph?
A．It’s most reliable to follow your inner call when you want to improve your EI.
B．It’s hard for others to know your EI because it hides deeply behind your inner sense.
C．When you want to improve EI, you should take your goals into consideration.
D．Acquiring a new skill is more significant than your attempt to improve your EI.
66．Which of the following might the author agree with?
A．Effective EI development is determined by different factors.
B．EI development is unlikely to happen unless you know what EI really is.
C．The importance of performance assessment is underestimated.
D．Your inner self discourages you from improving your EI.


八、六选四
Are things not working out in your life, despite your doing all the “right” things? Is it possible that you are holding “unforgiveness” in your heart? It is worth thinking about. What do you do when somebody hurts you? Do you want to hurt that person back, or do you hold it against them for the rest of your life? If you answered “yes” to these questions, you are like most people. 67．
People don’t forgive readily, because it is easier to hate than to forgive. Some people think to forgive is a sign of weakness, but actually to forgive takes courage and effort.
Forgiveness is a gift from a generous heart. It is not a reward for good behavior. It is not based on whether the person deserves it or whether the person has asked for it. Besides, forgiveness is an act and a long-term process. 68． It is an act because it is not just the words you say, but also your actions which show if you’ve truly forgiven someone.
69． It takes a lot of energy to hate and to keep that hate in place. Hate puts unwanted stress on your body. It is a well-known fact, proven by numerous studies, that bitterness can actually make you sick. The moment those affected people forgive and let go of their hate, they will start to get well.
70． I have personal experience of this. I used to be very cynical (愤世嫉俗的) about life and didn’t forgive easily. At the time, I also struggled in every area of my life. Things just didn’t seem to work out for me. It is as if everything that could go wrong, always went wrong. That was until somebody told me to take a look at my attitude. And when I forgave those who wronged me and changed my attitude, everything else changed. It didn’t happen overnight. It took a while, but I could see and feel the difference.
A.Those who learn to forgive deserve respect from others.
B.To forgive is something that most people have difficulty with.
C.The deeper your pain, the longer it usually takes to completely forgive.
D.Forgiveness brings freedom, whereas hate is neither sweet nor satisfying.
E.Forgiveness is necessary because it releases you from the burden of bitterness and hate.
F.Psychologically forgiveness is defined as a deliberate decision to release feelings of hate toward a person who has harmed you.


九、概要写作
71．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many arguments for homework, and most teachers would agree with many of the following: homework is a perfect opportunity to review what was done with the teacher, and rethink and develop that initial input; homework offers a moment for students to work as individuals and develop self-governance outside the classroom; students and parents expect homework to be set and graded. Nevertheless, the drawbacks homework may have are often overlooked.
There are two key issues which need to be raised when dealing with the concept of homework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework is not done at home at all, but at a friend’s house, on the way back home or to class. Additionally, for it to be done effectively at home, homework often requires adults’ involvement. Parents aren’t always available, for some very valid reasons, and a tutor’s ability to aid and guide may be limited in many ways. The implications are unsettling: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability.
If the idea of “home” can be problematic, so can the concept of “work”. Very often there is so much to do. Demand on their time means homework is usually something to get out of the way as fast as possible. It is not always seen as useful time spent strengthening what is done in class but, rather, as something quickly finished. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and pasted from the Internet, but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved: how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, even when work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their commitment.
The ideal that students go home, review what they did with their teacher, use the great resources to put everything they have learnt in class into practice, doesn’t often happen with some students.
十、汉译英（整句）
72．新鲜草莓在高温下很容易坏，最好放在冰箱里保存。(easy)(汉译英)
73．放学后孩子们迫不及待地去图书馆对面的广场放风筝了。(wait) (汉译英)
74．网络社交平台用户量大，传播信息速度快，几分钟前发生的事情瞬间就家喻户晓了。 (known) (汉译英)
75．这个知名食品企业不断改进生产技术，新进上市的一款奶制品不仅营养价值高，且口感好，老少咸宜。（suitable）(汉译英)

十一、建议信
76．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你的朋友John作为交换生要来一所中学学习一年。现在有两个家庭可为他提供住宿。John对如何选择犹豫不决，想听听你的建议。请根据以下住宿家庭信息，写一封email给John，说说你推荐哪个家庭，并简要谈谈这样推荐的理由。

王先生家庭
李先生家庭
家庭成员
一对中年夫妇；一个17岁的男孩
一对退休夫妇
住宿条件
提供一个带独立卫生间的房间
提供一个无独立卫生间房间
伙食
周一至周六提供早餐和晚餐，周日不提供餐饮
周一至周五提供早餐和晚餐；周六和周日提供三餐
距学校距离
地铁大约一小时车程
步行到学校大约10分钟



参考答案
1．B
【原文】
W: Hello, this is room 507. What time is for dinner, please?
M: The main restaurant opens at 6 p.m. Our coffee shop opens 24 hours a day.
Q: Where does this conversation probably take place?
2．D
【原文】
W: Honey, do we have time to make dinner before the TV talk show starts?
M: Why bother, dear? What about ordering takeout tonight?
Q: What does the man mean?
3．B
【原文】
M: I heard you’ve applied for the position of a secretary in a high-tech company.
W: That’s true. But I know little of the company and that’s why I’m surfing the Internet.
Q: What is the woman doing?
4．A
【原文】
M: Sun Coast Electronics. Do you need to return something or get something fixed?
W: Actually, I just want to find out when you’ll be open in the morning.
Q: What is the woman calling for?
5．C
【原文】
M: What do you think of this yellow sweater? My aunt sent it to me. I’m not sure if I fit into it.
W: It’s your color, but I don’t think it’s kind of sweater that young people wear nowadays.
Q: According to the woman, what makes the sweater unsuitable for the man?
6．C
【原文】
M: The decorations are quite pleasing, but frankly I’m disappointed on the whole. The waiters are not friendly and the menu isn’t clearly printed.
W: Not to mention the noisy environment and the long waiting time.
Q: What are the speakers complaining about?
7．B
【原文】
M: John is in the basement, trying to get the broken TV working again.
W: But he is supposed to be working on the assignment and research paper, isn’t he?
Q: What does the woman mean?
8．A
【原文】
W: Everyone is busy preparing for the dinner party. Do you want to do something, say, making the salad?
M: That’s the last thing I could help.
Q: What does the man mean?
9．D
【原文】
W: Congratulations, Philip, your performance is so impressive. I’m so proud of you.
M: Thank you. If only I had made my speech easier to understand instead of confusing the audience, I was so close to winning.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
10．B
【原文】
M: I really like those abstract paintings we saw in our art history class today. What do you think?
W: I guess it’s something I need to acquire a better taste for.
Q: What does the woman imply?

11．B
12．D
13．C
【原文】
The Natural History Museum in London holds an annual contest for the Wildlife Photographer of the Year. This year’s grand prize winner was Peter Evans’ picture of a Siberian tiger. Siberian tigers are endangered, but there are still about 500 in Russia’s far east. It took Mr. Evans 10 months to get a shot of one of the tigers. In the picture, the tiger is hugging the tree, but it’s actually trying to leave its smell as a way of communicating with other tigers. Another endangered animal, a kind of frog, won the Animal Behavior prize. Jim Carson said he walked for four hours in the Andes Mountains, hoping for some good pictures. In the middle of a rainstorm, he captured this picture of the frog eating a spider. Gio Santos won the Animal Portrait prize with his picture of a kind of monkey. That kind of monkeys are known for their big noses. They are found on the Pacific islands. Though this animal looks completely at peace, monkeys of this kind are often hunted, which has left them endangered, too. 10-year-old Kiren Nadar of India won Young Wildlife Photographer of the year. His image shows a spider upside down in a web, against the bright colors of a passing three-wheeled motor car in the background. Kiren loves to photograph the creatures that live in the streets and parks near his home.

14．D
15．A
16．C
【原文】
In the age of mobile payment, what we really need to survive is a smartphone. But one company is going to make your traditional wallets cool again, by bringing them into the digital age. This smart wallet is called Voterman, which mainly aims to keep your wallet to a new level. It’s fitted with different technology. In the smart wallet, there is an alarm, a GPS tracker, and even a camera. If your phone and wallet become separated, the alarm will warn you so that you don’t leave it behind. And if your wallet is lost or stolen, the GPS tracker can help you reach it. But perhaps the most unusual feature of Volterman is the built-in front-facing camera. If someone dares to open your wallet without your permission, the little camera will take a picture and send it to your mobile phone. Once your wallet is stolen, you will find it easily by receiving the picture of the thief. Volterman can store up to 10 cards. The thin and light wallet perfectly fits in your pocket and is well-suited for everyday carry. Volterman will help in many annoying situations that can happen to anyone. It can charge your smartphone and serve as a backup or your media.

17．B
18．D
19．C
20．A
【原文】
W: In today’s programme, we are happy to have experienced travel writer, Tim Cole, with us. Tim is going to give us some advice on travel. Welcome, Tim. So, what’s the first thing you want to tell us?
M: Well, it’s too easy for people to believe everything they read in guidebooks. Actually, following the guidebooks too closely can result in the most awkward situations.
W: For example?
M: I’ll never forget the night I arrived in Sydney a couple of years ago. I had booked a budget hotel, but I turned up at a video game room instead when I followed the address on the guidebook. I was so exhausted at that time.
W: That was truly terrible. What else do you want to tell our listeners?
M: Honestly, travelers trust their guidebooks too much and don’t bother to research even the most basic facts before they set off. Some guidebooks are only updated every couple of years, so it's no wonder many things have changed by the time you get there. The most important thing when choosing a guidebook is to check the publication date; if it's not within the last twelve months, don’t buy it.
W: That’ll definitely help our listeners. Can you tell us more about that?
M: Most books include unnecessary information– like photos of famous places, for example. We already know what the Eiffel tower looks like! Why not include more background information instead?
W: That sounds quite reasonable. Just before the end of the programme, our listeners would like you to share your travel experience.
M: I experienced what is called Twitter tourism on my trip to Hawaii. Instead of using a guidebook, I decided to rely on the advice of the locals and visitors alike – and let them choose what I should visit, where I should stay and what I should eat. It actually worked out really well. Without the Twitter travel tips I'd never have had a ten-kilometer boating adventure along the coast and stayed for a night time in a huge cave.

21．themselves
22．what
23．stated
24．that/which
25．is taking/takes/has taken
26．while
27．better
28．recycling
29．when/if
30．Regardless of
【分析】
本文是说明文。主要介绍了英国政府有一项减少垃圾的计划，将处理垃圾的责任从国家转移到制造垃圾的公司，同时介绍了其它国家在处理垃圾方面采取的措施和成效。
21．
考查代词。句意：该法案要求废物生产者自己或通过其供应商进入这个系统支付费用。根据上文“for disposal (处置) from the state to the companies that make it”可知，法案要求废物生产者自己为废物生产付费。由上文的producers可知用反身代词themselves，故填themselves。
22．
考查表语从句。句意：这就是政府所说的“污染者支付”。分析句子可知，is是系动词，后接表语从句，call后接双宾语，从句缺少宾语，故用连词what，表示“……的（东西）”，根据句意，故填what。
23．
考查非谓语动词。句意：简单地说，污染者支付原则意味着，与污染有关的费用应由污染者支付，而不是由政府或社会支付。分析句子可知，句子谓语动词是implies，state用非谓语动词形式作状语，state与逻辑主语the Polluter Pays Principle 是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填stated。
24．
考查定语从句。句意：这类似于2020年2月在法国通过的反废物立法，禁止生产商销毁未售出的服装、化妆品和电子产品。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰the anti-waste legislation ，从句中缺少主语，先行词指物，故用关系代词that或者which，故填that / which。
25．
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：据《积极新闻》报道，像英国采取的强硬态度一样，要求立法的呼声越来越高。分析句子可知，“the UK ___5___ (take)”是定语从句，修饰attitude，根据上文内容可知，“take”这一动词是现在的动作，可以用一般现在时，动作仍旧在进行，可以使用现在进行时，也可以表示现在的结果用现在完成时，主语the UK是第三人称单数，故谓语用第三人称单数，故填is taking / takes / has taken。
26．
考查连词。句意：仅在过去一年，在全球范围内，那些已证明致力于可持续发展的品牌的消费品销售额增长超过4%，而那些没有实现可持续发展的品牌的销售额增长不到1%。根据句意，前后文表示对比，用连词while表示对比。故填while。
27．
考查比较级。句意：这些资金可以更好地投资于社会福利、公园或图书馆等领域。修饰动词invested用副词well作状语，根据上下文可知，此处表示“更好地投资与其他领域”，用比较级，故填better。
28．
考查非谓语动词。句意：回收率几乎达到99%，他们正在迅速接近零废物。分析句子可知，空处修饰rate作定语，recycle与rate是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，recycling rate“回收率；再循环率”。故填recycling。
29．
考查状语从句。句意：这种类型的废物，当（如果）分开收集时，可以转化为能源或肥料。分析句子可知，此处填连词，是状语从句的省略，省略了主语This type of waste和is，根据句意，用when引导时间状语从句，或者if引导条件状语从句，故填when / if。
30．
考查固定短语。句意：尽管政策和法规的不同，有一点是明确的：各国政府都有一个共同的概念，即防止环境破坏应该基于具体的原则和坚实的行动。根据句意，regardless of“不管；不顾”符合句意，故填Regardless of。

31．E
32．A
33．K
34．B
35．H
36．C
37．D
38．G
39．I
40．J
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了实验室培育的环保咖啡即将问世。
31．
考查动词。句意：今年夏天，他品尝了世界上第一批用细胞培养而不是咖啡豆生产的咖啡。根据句意“品尝”可知，动词sample符合题意，根据时间状语“This summer”可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故选E。
32．
考查名词。句意：“这取决于烘焙等级，这次的烘焙程度比较轻，所以有一点像茶的感觉。”根据句意“等级”可知，名词grade符合题意，the roasting grade指“烘焙等级”，此处作宾语。故选A。
33．
考查名词。句意：人们必须等一等才能品尝到咖啡，因为这种细胞农业创新尚未被批准供公众消费。根据句意“消费”可知，名词consumption符合题意，作宾语。故选K。
34．
考查形容词。句意：Rischer预测，VTT实验室种植的咖啡将在大约4年内获得欧洲和美国政府的批准，为一种对气候影响比传统咖啡低得多的商业化产品铺平道路。根据句意“商业化的”可知，应填形容词commercialized作定语，修饰后文名词product。故选B。
35．
考查名词。句意：咖啡产业不仅是气候危机的罪魁祸首，而且很容易受到气候危机的影响。根据句意“贡献者”可知，应填名词contributor作宾语，不定冠词a修饰可数名词单数。故选H。
36．
考查名词。句意：咖啡需求的增长与发展中国家的森林砍伐、破坏生物多样性和释放碳排放有关。根据句意“需求”可知，应填名词demand作主语。故选C。
37．
考查形容词。句意：据估计，由于气候危机，到2050年，种植咖啡的一半土地可能会变得不高产。根据句意“产量少的”可知，应填形容词unproductive作表语。故选D。
38．
考查名词。句意：Rischer说，这个过程不需要杀虫剂，水足迹也低得多，而且因为这种咖啡可以在当地市场生产，它减少了运输排放。根据句意“过程”可知，名词process符合题意，此处需填名词作主语，特指生产咖啡的过程，用单数。故选G。
39．
考查名词。句意同上。根据句意“运输”可知，应填名词transport作定语，transport emissions意为“运输排放”。故选I。
40．
考查名词。句意：Rischer说:“一旦我们有了这些数据，我们就能够表明，对环境的影响将远远低于传统种植方式。”此处需填名词作宾语，根据句意“培养”，名词cultivation符合题意。故选J。

41．B
42．D
43．A
44．C
45．B
46．D
47．A
48．C
49．A
50．B
51．D
52．C
53．A
54．B
55．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了压力的好处以及男女面对压力时的不同表现。
41．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可能要去延误这个。A. try尽力；B. delay延误；C. deny否认；D. forbid禁止。根据下句“Most people prefer to have sufficient time to analyze a situation and consider the 2 ”可知，人们喜欢有充足的时间去分析处境和考虑可供选择的事物。由此可知，他们常常延误做出决定。故选B。
42．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数人喜欢有充足的时间去分析处境和考虑可供选择的事物。A. requirements要求；B. reasons理由；C. chances机会；D. alternatives可供选择的事物。根据上句“analyze a situation and consider the”可知，人们常会分析各种情况，考虑可供选择的事物。故选D。
43．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：压力常使人们去权衡冒险和回报。A. weigh权衡；B. overlook俯视；C. confuse使迷惑；D. classify分类。根据下句“under stress, people pay more attention to the 4 of a possible outcome.”可知，在压力下，人们更多地关注可能的结果。由此可知，人们常去权衡冒险和回报。故选A。
44．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在压力下，人们更多地关注可能的结果带来的好处。A. imperfection缺点；B. risk 冒险；C. advantage优势；D. uncertainty不确定。根据上句“Feeling stressed changes how people 3 risk and reward.”可知，压力常使人们去权衡冒险和回报。结合本句可知人们常会更多地关注回报带来的好处。故选C。
45．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：压力常使人们注意力集中，以及使用无意识的推理。A. conflicted矛盾的；B. focused注意力集中的；C. unexpected没有预料的；D. separated分离的。根据下一段“It’s a bit 7 that stress makes people focus on the way things could go right,”可知，压力使人们将注意力集中在事情正常运进展的方式上。由此可知压力常使人们注意力集中。故选B。
46．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：压力能迫使人们分清相关因素和非相关因素，推出清新的带有重点的思路。A. break off终止；B. hold up举起，延误；C. account for解释，占据；D. bring out生产，推出。根据空格后的“clear thinking with specific priorities. ”可知，压力能迫使人们推出清新的带有重点的思路。故选D。
47．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令人惊喜的是：压力使人们将注意力集中在事情正常运进展的方式上。A. surprising惊讶的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. reasonable合理的；D. pleasant愉快的。根据后句“stress makes people focus on the way things could go right”可知，压力竟然可以使人们将注意力集中在事情正常运进展的方式上。由此可知人们对压力带来的好处感到惊讶。故选A。
48．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：压力常和不愉快的经历有关，因此你可能认为我将更多地关注压力的消极结果。A. conscious 有意识的；B. immediate立即的；C. negative消极的；D. favorable 赞同的。根据“disagreeable”可知，此处对应的词应该是一个贬义词，因此C. negative消极的符合语境，故选C。
49．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们开始关注积极信息而忽略消极信息。A. neglecting忽略；B. enhancing增强；C. analyzing分析；D. evaluating 评价。根据“paying more attention to”可知，空格处对应的是它的反义词，因此A. neglecting忽略，符合语境，故选A。
50．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此做出决定从事这个新工作时，感到压力大的是可能权衡薪水和通勤时，会更多的考虑薪水。A. position位置；B. decision决定；C. qualification资格；D. schedule 时间表。根据空格后的“might weigh the increase in salary more heavily than the worse commute (通勤)”可知，在从事新工作时所做的决定。故选B。
51．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：将注意力集中在积极因素上有助于解释压力在上瘾方面的作用。A. judgement 判断；B. progress进步；C. relationship关系；D. addiction上瘾。根据下文“So a person who’s under stress might think only about the good feelings they’ll get from negative things like a drug, (因此处于压力之下的人可能仅仅考虑他们从消极事情上得到的良好感觉，就像毒品)”可知，他们从消极事情上得到的良好感觉，就像毒品，使人上瘾。故选D 。
52．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：得到回报的强迫是如此强烈，他们很少能抵制这种愿望。A. value尊重；B. adopt采纳，收养；C. resist抵制；D. maintain保持。根据“The compulsion to get the reward comes stronger and they’re less able to”可知，得到回报的强迫是如此强烈，他们很少能抵制这种愿望。故选C。
53．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：压力之下的人可能仅仅考虑他们从消极事情上得到的良好感觉，就像毒品，然而缺点缩短了距离。A. downsides缺点；B. desires愿望；C. defeats战败；D. benefits利益。根据上句“So a person who’s under stress might think only about the good feelings they’ll get from negative things like a drug,”可知，压力之下的人可能仅仅考虑他们从消极事情上得到的良好感觉，就像毒品，因此常会不注意缺点。故选A。
54．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：压力能够增加在男性和女性就冒险方面反应不同。A. declines下降；B. increases增加；C. eliminates排除；D. worsens恶化。根据下句“When men are under stress, they become even more 15 to take risks; when women are stressed, they get more conservative.”可知，男性在压力下更愿意冒险，而女性却更保守。由此可知，压力能够增加在男性和女性就冒险方面反应不同。故选B。
55．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：男性在压力下更愿意冒险。A. reliable可靠的；B. reluctant不情愿的；C. qualified有资格的；D. willing 情愿的。根据后句“men tend to face the situation,”可知，面对压力，男性趋向于愿意面对。故选D。

56．B
57．A
58．C
59．A
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只名叫Sasha的针织猫在作者育儿的过程中起了重要作用。
56．
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When our toddler opened the box and pulled out the soft toy, my mind immediately went to the existing mountain of stuffed animals in our house. I knew that this orange knit cat, named Sasha, according to the box, was straight into that pile.（当我们蹒跚学步的孩子打开盒子，拿出毛绒玩具时，我的脑海里立刻浮现出我们家里堆积如山的毛绒玩具。我知道这只橙色的针织猫，根据盒子上的文字，叫萨沙，是直接扔进那堆的。）”可推知，当作者第一次看到这个礼物时，她认为它不会被欣赏。故选B。
57．
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Without entertainment, our toddler would fight the injustice of being required to stay seated while eating. My husband started to use Sasha in the distraction games with success.（如果没有娱乐，我们的孩子就会与被要求在吃饭时坐着不动的不公平抗争。我丈夫开始成功地让萨沙参加分散注意力的游戏。）”可知，他吃饭时总是焦躁不安。故选A。
58．
词句猜测题。根据上文“In time, Sasha’s powers grew beyond distraction.（随着时间的推移，萨沙的能力越来越强大，不仅仅能让人分心。）”可知，划线词所在句子意为“如果我们很难说服儿子做某事，有时编织猫可以让他改变主意。” 。由此可知，the knit cat could bring him around意为“这只针织猫可以说服男孩做点什么”。故选C。
59．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I knew that this orange knit cat, named Sasha, according to the box, was straight into that pile.（我知道这只橙色的针织猫，根据盒子上的文字，叫萨沙，是直接扔进那堆的。）”可知，当作者第一次看到这个礼物时，她认为它不会被欣赏。A项：At first sight, the knit cat was appealing to the family.（乍一看，这只针织猫很吸引这家人。）这个表述是错误的。故选A。

60．C
61．B
62．A
【分析】
本文为一篇应用文，介绍了四本关于人类发展的书籍。
【详解】
1.细节理解题。根据Book 1关键句“This book focuses on our instinctive biases, offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.”（这本书专注于我们的本能偏见，提供实用的建议，帮助我们看清世界上的好与坏。）；Book 2关键句“In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news.”（在《当下启蒙》一书中，史蒂文·平克着眼于人类进步的大图景，并发现了好消息。）；Book 3关键句 “Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well.”（畅销作家马特·里德利不仅解释了事情是如何变得更好的；他也给了我们原因。）及Book 4关键句“The end of the Cold War, the development of new technologies and brave new leadership have helped to improve the lives of hundreds of millions of people in poor countries.In his book The Great Surge, Stevens Radelet describes how all of this is happening and, more importantly, it shows us how we can speed up the process.”（冷战的结束、新技术的发展和勇敢的新领导人帮助改善了贫困国家数亿人的生活。在他的著作《大浪潮》中，史蒂文斯·拉德雷描述了这一切是如何发生的，更重要的是，它向我们展示了如何加快这一进程。）可知，四本书的共同特征是它们都试图将读者引导到人类发展的积极道路上。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据Book 2关键句“Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data.”（平克要求我们停止对那些宣称世界末日的负面头条和新闻关注太多。相反，他向我们展示了一些精心挑选的数据。）可知，Steven Pinker通过提供事实证据来支持他的论点。故选B项。
3.主旨大意题。根据Book 3关键句“But as a matter of fact, life is getting better.”（但事实上，生活越来越好了。）及“Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialization.”（畅销作家马特·里德利不仅解释了事情是如何变得更好的 ；他也给了我们原因。 他向我们展示了人类文化如何通过思想交流和专业化向积极的方向发展。）及本段内容可知，畅销作家马特·里德利通过展示人类积极发展的真相，否定了消极的思想。“The Rational Optimist”（理性乐观主义者）符合本书主旨，可以作为书名。故选A项。

63．D
64．B
65．C
66．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了发展特定的情商优势的方法。
63．
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gone global, we’ve watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don’t know where to focus their efforts or they haven’t understood how to improve these skills on a practical level.（随着情绪智力(EI)的概念在全球范围内的普及，我们看到一些专业人士在试图提高情绪智力时失败了，因为他们要么不知道该把精力集中在哪里，要么不知道如何在实际层面上提高这些技能。）”可知，你必须求助于其他人来了解哪些EI需要改进。故选D。
64．
推理判断题。根据上文“This is especially true for the development of EI because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions.（对于EI的发展来说尤其如此，因为我们可能对自己如何表达和解读互动中的情感成分视而不见。）”可知，划线词所在句子意为“如果没有这种外部现实检查，你将很难确定你的行为是如何影响你的表现的。”可知，external reality check指的是“外部现实检查”，由此可知，你的老师引导你养成良好的学习态度，符合题意。故选B。
65．
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are.（其次，当你从评估中得到反馈时，让它告诉你想要改进的地方。但也要考虑你的目标是什么。）”可知，第四段主要讲述了当你想要提高EI时，你应该考虑你的目标。故选C。
66．
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve----and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.（在我们为公司提供咨询和指导领导者的工作中，我们发现，如果你想要发展特定的情商优势，这有助于考虑在哪些方面需要改进，以及你想要实现的目标——然后积极地在这些方面建立习惯，而不是简单地依赖于理解它们的概念。）可知，作者可能会同意有效的EI发展取决于不同的因素。故选A。

67．B
68．C
69．E
70．D
【分析】
本文是议论文。大多数人难以选择宽恕，作者结合自身经历劝诫人们要学会宽恕，宽恕能带给我们好处。
67．
上文“If you answered ‘yes’ to these questions, you are like most people.(如果你对这些问题的回答是肯定的，那么你和大多数人一样)”说读者和大多数人一样，引发思考：大多数人到底是什么样？B项“To forgive is something that most people have difficulty with.(宽恕是大多数人难以做到的事)”揭示答案，大多数人难以宽恕别人，下文“People don’t forgive readily, because it is easier to hate than to forgive.(人们不轻易宽恕，因为恨比宽恕更容易)”进上步阐明了原因，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
68．
根据上文“Besides, forgiveness is an act and a long-term process.(此外，宽恕是一种行为，是一个长期的过程)”可知，宽恕是一个漫长的过程，C项“The deeper your pain, the longer it usually takes to completely forgive.(你的痛苦越深，通常宽恕需要的时间就越长)”中进行了具体分析，说明宽恕可能需要很长时间，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
69．
下文“It takes a lot of energy to hate and to keep that hate in place. Hate puts unwanted stress on your body. It is a well-known fact, proven by numerous studies, that bitterness can actually make you sick. (仇恨和保持仇恨是需要很多精力的。仇恨会给你的身体带来不必要的压力。一个众所周知的事实是，许多研究证明，怨恨实际上会让你患病) ”描述了怨恨和仇恨会带来困扰与麻烦，E项“Forgiveness is necessary because it releases you from the burden of bitterness and hate.(宽恕是必要的，因为它让你从怨恨和仇恨的负担中解脱出来)”说宽恕可化解怨恨和仇恨，上下文语意连贯，且句中bitterness和hate前后 照应。故选E项。
70．
根据下文“I have personal experience of this.(我个人有过这样的经历)”和指代关系可知，设空句中应明确下文中this指代对象，再结合段中“And when I forgave those who wronged me and changed my attitude, everything else changed. It didn’t happen overnight. It took a while, but I could see and feel the difference.(当我宽恕了那些冤枉我的人，改变了我的态度，一切都变了。这不是一夜之间发生的。虽然花了一段时间，但我能看到并感觉到不同)”可推知，作者经历的事情与“宽恕”和“改变”有关，D项“Forgiveness brings freedom, whereas hate is neither sweet nor satisfying. (宽恕带来自由，仇恨既不甜蜜也不令人满足)”讲宽恕带来自由，带来改变，与段中作者经历一致，同时也是下文中this指代对象，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
71．Though many argue homework is necessary, its disadvantages may be neglected. First, homework is often done outside home and without guidance, it can’t be done effectively. Besides, the efforts put into homework are rarely appreciated or easy to assess, so everybody is happy when seeing it finished, regardless of the quality. Therefore, the expected/desired effects of homework are rarely achieved.
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了虽然许多人认为家庭作业是必要的，但它的缺点可能被忽略。文章进一步分析了布置家庭作业有哪些缺点。
【详解】
1.要点摘录
①There are many arguments for homework, and most teachers would agree with many of the following.
②Nevertheless, the drawbacks homework may have are often overlooked.
③Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework is not done at home at all, but at a friend’s house, on the way back home or to class.
④but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved: how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, even when work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their commitment.
⑤The implications are unsettling: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability.
2.缜密构思
第1、2两个要点构成转折关系，第3、4两个要点是并列关系，分别陈述了两个不同的缺点，第5个要点进行总结，与上文形成因果关系
3.遣词造句
Though many argue homework is necessary, its disadvantages may be neglected.
homework is often done outside home and without guidance, it can’t be done effectively.
the efforts put into homework are rarely appreciated or easy to assess, so everybody is happy when seeing it finished, regardless of the quality.
the expected/desired effects of homework are rarely achieved.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
Though many argue homework is necessary, its disadvantages may be neglected.（though引导让步状语从句）
[高分句型2]
Besides, the efforts put into homework are rarely appreciated or easy to assess, so everybody is happy when seeing it finished, regardless of the quality.（put into为过去分词作后置定语，when引导的时间状语从句使用了省略句）
72．Fresh strawberries are easy to go bad in high temperatures, so it’s better to keep them in the refrigerator.
【详解】
考查固定结构和动词时态。表示“新鲜草莓”应用fresh strawberries；表示“很容易坏”应用be easy to go bad；表示“在高温下”应用in high temperatures；表示“因此”应用so；表示“最好放在冰箱里保存”应用it’s better to keep them in the refrigerator.。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为fresh strawberries，be动词用are。故翻译成：Fresh strawberries are easy to go bad, so it’s better to keep them in the refrigerator.
73．After school, some children can't wait to fly kites in the square across the library.
【详解】
考查短语和时态。分析中文提示可知，句子为简单句，表示生活习惯，用一般现在时。“放学后”用after school表示；“迫不及待做”用can't wait to do表示；“图书馆对面的广场上”用in the square across the library表示。综上所述，故翻译为：After school, some children can't wait to fly kites in the square across the library.
74．The social networking platforms have a large number of users and they spread information rapidly so what happened a few minutes ago soon becomes known to all .
【详解】
考查动词时态和主语从句。表示“网络社交平台”应用名词短语the social networking platforms；表示“有”应用have；表示“量大”应用数词a large number of；表示“用户”应用名词users；表示“传播”应用动词spread；表示“信息”应用名词information；表示“速度快”应用副词rapidly；表示“因此”应用so；表示“发生的事情”应用句子what happened，what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词使用一般过去时；表示“几分钟前”应用名词短语a few minutes ago；表示“瞬间”应用副词soon；表示“家喻户晓”应用形容词短语be known to all。根据句子意思可知，这句话是描述现在的社会情况，所以主句用一般现在时。故翻译为The social networking platforms have a large number of users and they spread information rapidly so what happened a few minutes ago soon becomes known to all。
75．This well-known company continues to improve its production technology and the newly released dairy product has not only high nutritional value but good taste, which is suitable for both the young and the old.
【详解】
考查形容词和定语从句。分析句子可知，句子“这个知名食品企业不断改进生产技术”和句子“新进上市的一款奶制品不仅营养价值高，且口感好”是并列关系，可以用and连接起来，“老少皆宜”可以写成定语从句，修饰“奶制品”，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。在句子“这个知名食品企业不断改进生产技术”中，“知名企业”可用“well-known company”来表示，“不断改进”可用continues to improve来表示，“生产技术”可用its production technology来表示，故第一个句子可以翻译为this well-known company continues to improve its production technology。在句子“新进上市的一款奶制品不仅营养价值高，且口感好”中，“新进上市的”可用newly released来表示，“奶制品”可用dairy product来表示，“不但...而且”可用not only...but also来表示，“营养价值高”可用high nutritional value来表示，“口感好”可用good taste来表示，所以第二个句子可以翻译成the newly released dairy product has not only high nutritional value but good taste。“老少皆宜”写成定语从句，放在句末，可以写成非限定性定语从句，修饰“奶制品”，其中“奶制品”在定从中做主语，所以应用which来引导，“老少皆宜”应用suitable for both the young and the old，所以定语从句可以翻译成which is suitable for both the young and the old，故整句可翻译成This well-known company continues to improve its production technology and the newly released dairy product has not only high nutritional value but good taste, which is suitable for both the young and the old。
76．Dear John,
I’m glad to hear that you’re coming to China as an exchange student. But what annoys you is that you can’t decide which family you will choose from to live with. In my opinion, living with Mr.Li’s family is a good choice.
First, there are only Mr. and Mrs. Li in Mr. Li’s family. They are retired, so they can offer you a comfortable and quiet surroundings to study. And even if you have some difficulty or puzzlement, I’m sure they have enough experience to share with you. Besides, they can make 3 meals on weekends and offer breakfast and supper from Monday to Friday, which guarantees your free time to do what you want to. What’s the most important is that it only needs you 10 minutes to walk to school, which is so convenient to go to school. Though there is not a separate bathroom for you, just avoiding the same time to use it is OK.
So there is no doubt that it is a good choice to live with Mr. Li’s family.
Your sincerely,
Friend
【分析】
本文是应用文。要求考生给朋友John写一封关于哪个家庭适合他作为住宿家庭的建议信。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
使烦恼：annoy→upset
提供：offer→provide
确保：guarantee→ensure
高兴的：glad→delighted
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
简单句：First, there are only Mr. and Mrs. Li in Mr. Li’s family. They are retired, so they can offer you a comfortable and quiet surroundings to study.
拓展句：First, there are only Mr. and Mrs. Li in Mr. Li’s family, who are retired, so they can offer you a comfortable and quiet surroundings to study.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】But what annoys you is that you can’t decide which family you will choose from to live with.（由what引导的主语从句、that引导的表语从句和which引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】And even if you have some difficulty or puzzlement, I’m sure they have enough experience to share with you.（由even if 引导的让步状语从句和省略that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型3】What’s the most important is that it only needs you 10 minutes to walk to school, which is so convenient to go to school. （由what引导的主语从句、that引导的表语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）