2022北京西城区高三下学期一模试题英语含答案

这是一份2022北京西城区高三下学期一模试题英语含答案，共13页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A mystery man, knwn as Benny, has been spreading happiness—ne $100 bill at a time fr mre than three years in and arund Salem, Oregn.
He randmly ___1___ the bills in shps t be fund, surprising and delighting unsuspecting shppers. When it appeared that thers might be trying t cpy him, he started ___2___ his bills.
It is estimated that he has hidden mre than $50,000 wrth f $100 bills, and that’s nly what has been reprted. Sme peple have been keeping track f ___3___ the bills are fund, and ntice that he has left them in stres, markets and fairs. Thse wh find ne all have a similar tale abut being ___4___ when a $100 bill, with the mark f “Benny”, falls ut f the packaging f smething.
It is ___5___ hw these bills always seem t end up in the right hands. They have helped peple pay their electric bill, make their rent, and even prvide the hmeless with ___6___ fr a cuple f nights. But the real magic f Benny is that mre than half f the ___7___ reprt paying it frward t their favrite nn-prfit r a stranger in need. Sme f the mst heartwarming stries invlve children. ___8___ shpping fr tys’ they decide t buy schl supplies fr their classmates r grceries fr the lcal fd bank.
The bills are s ___9___ by sme f the peple wh find them that they pst them n their refrigeratrs r carry them in their purses. It’s a _____10_____ they say, t give and be like Benny.
1. A. cversB. buriesC. hidesD. stres
2. A. returningB. checkingC. changingD. signing
3. A. whenB. whereC. hwD. why
4. A. amazedB. impressedC. inspiredD. amused
5. A. acceptableB. understandableC. memrableD. remarkable
6. A. fdB. clthingC. shelterD. transprt
7. A. findersB. sellersC. lsersD. beggars
8. A. Thanks tB. Instead fC. But frD. Apart frm
9. A. prtectedB. recmmendedC. treasuredD. expected
10. A. chanceB. challengeC. recrdD. reminder
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. C2. D3. B4. A5. D6. C7. A8. B9. C10. D
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Tday, there are grups f native peple arund the wrld that still live a traditinal lifestyle. Sme live in remte parts f Suth America, ___11___ way f life is in danger f disappearing. The Krub are native peple wh live in the Amazn rainfrest. They make their wn tls, grw their wn crps, and hunt and fish. Their main weapns are clubs and pisn-tipped arrws, used ___12___ bth hunting and prtecting their territry against ____13____(utsider).
【11~13题答案】
【答案】11. whse
12. fr13. utsiders
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A white telephne bth (电话亭), knwn as the Phne f the Wind, ___14___(sit) in a garden n tp f a hill. Thugh ___15___(discnnect), the phne serves a surprising purpse: helping peple speak ut what they feel embarrassed t say in frnt f thers.
___16___(think) abut the idea fr a lng time, Sasaki finally built the bth. “My thughts can’t be relayed ver a regular phne line, s I want them ____17____(carry) n the wind. I hpe thers can als express their feelings in the same way.”
【14~17题答案】
【答案】14. sits
15. discnnected
16. Having thught
17. t be carried
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sme Qin bamb texts were discvered in a tmb in Hubei Prvince that cntain many rules regarding ___18___ peple were suppsed t live and behave. Experts say these texts culd prve the gvernment in the third century BC handed ut cruel punishments t peple wh ___19___(break) these rules. Fr instance, fficials punished peple wh stle mney by tatting(刺青) their face. There are als ther ancient laws in the texts. One f them is that when questining a suspect, an fficial was ___20___(strict) frbidden frm using physical frce.
【18~20题答案】
【答案】18. hw
19. brke20. strictly
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共11小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Chinese Dual Language Immersin Prgram (CDLIP)
What is Dual Language Immersin?
Dual language immersin prvides academic instructin in tw languages. The Pasadena Unified Schl District currently ffers a Chinese-English immersin prgram.
Why Chse the CDLIP?
Learning a secnd language awakens curisity and respect fr ther natins and their cultures. Chinese is nt nly a rich language with a lng literary traditin, but it has als emerged as an influential wrldwide language. Our CDLIP prmtes crss-cultural sensitivity, s that students can learn abut the glbalized wrld. Fr native Chinese speakers, ur prgram ensures full develpment and mastery f English language arts while helping them becme mre fluent in their mther tngue.
Our Classrms
The CDLIP serves primary schl students, frm kindergarten thrugh secnd tirade. Grades 3, 4 and 5 will be added in September f 2022, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The prgram is currently lcated at Luther Burbank Primary Schl. On any given day, yu might find a classrm full f kindergarteners cunting and srting cins, first graders singing “The Mre We Get Tgether”, r secnd graders describing physics experiments—all in Chinese!
Hw Des the Prgram Wrk?
CDLIP classrms cmbine native and nn-native speakers s that all students may succeed in bth Chinese and English. We apply a Tw-Way 90:10 Mdel. In kindergarten, 90% f the day’s instructin is in Chinese and 10% is devted t imprving English ral language and the ability t read and write. As children prgress thrugh grade levels, the percentage f English instructin gradually increases, finally achieving a 50:50 split by fifth grade.
T Register Yur Child
Language learning is a lng-term prcess, s parents are asked t register their children fr the full six years.
·Register nline at between June 13 and 23.
·The prgram is free, supprted by the Pasadena Unified Schl District.
·Fr kindergarten, n knwledge f Chinese is necessary. (Sme knwledge f Chinese is expected fr students entering grades 1-3.)
·Applicatins will be accepted after the deadline if spaces arc still available.
·If yu wuld like assistance cmpleting yur applicatin, please cntact Ms. Netty Li at Burbank Primary Schl (626) 396-5760 r visit PUSD Welcme Center.
21. After attending the CDLIP, students will be able t ______.
A. master Chinese artsB. understand wrld histry
C. hand dwn traditinal literatureD. develp crss-cultural awareness
22. The CDLIP is intended fr ______.
A. Chinese teaching assistantsB. children and their parents
C. primary schl studentsD. 1-3-year-ld children
23. What can yu find in CDLIP classes?
A. Kindergarteners spending mre lime practicing reading.
B. Students learning thrugh sngs and activities.
C. Higher-grade students using mstly Chinese.
D. Students fcusing n science vcabulary,
24. What can we learn abut the registratin?
A. Parents need l pay the prgram fee.
B. Students must be registered every year.
C. Spaces are usually available after the deadline.
D. PUSD Welcme Center ffers help with registratin.
【21~24题答案】
【答案】21. D22. C23. B24. D
B
Every summer he came t ur village n his cycle. The cycle was full f ccnuts and n the handle was his small red mney purse and the machete that he used t cut the ccnuts. He always wre a blue and black checkered lungi and was knwn fr his tthless smile that tended t turn int a slight laugh.
He ften annunced the arrival f summer by standing under ur village’s Gulmhar tree. During the first tuch f summer, red flwers fell n the grund and welcmed him t ur village; sn the red flwers turned int lng swrd-like fruits which hung abve his head as he cut the ccnuts.
He never ate anything except paan (a kind f leaf), which he always culd be seen chewing, and he just sat under the tree until smene apprached him. Then, he wuld chse the best ccnut, and with expert skill, carve it s that the persn culd drink the satisfying liquid.
Fr me he was an artist wh knew hw t carve the green ccnut int an asis (绿洲) f relief. He was the ccnut whisperer, wh knew which ne had mre water. Nbdy ever talked abut him, fr he was f n significance t the busy peple f ur village. His existence will frever be tied t the shadw f the Gulmhar tree.
Nwadays, he desn’t d much business. Kids n lnger care fr ccnut water; they want sft drinks. I knw his weak bdy will fail him in the cming years. He will nt visit ur village, and with him, all my memries f summer will disappear. N ne will miss him apart frm the Gulmhar tree, his nly friend.
My friends and I have stayed in the same village ur whle life. Nw, in ur mid-thirties, we dn’t have time t talk abut ur childhd and the lite beynd the chains f sciety.
I’ve made up my mind. Tmrrw I will talk with him. I will listen t him and preserve him in my memry. I will tell him hw imprtant he was fr me, hw he defined summer fr me, and, during every summer, hw he nurtured (滋养) me with the ccnut water, which was filled with his lve. I will take in his smile ne last time—a remembrance f my childhd inncence. I will hug him until my tears mix with his.
25. What did the kids f the village receive frm the ccnut seller?
A. Amusing tthless smiles.B. Refreshment in summer
C. Ccnut carving skills.D. Invaluable experience.
26. In the eyes f the authr, the ccnut seller is ______.
A. a magician in his childhdB. a her during changing limes
C. a survivr f a frgtten minrityD. a prtectr f a precius traditin
27. What message des the authr want t express?
A. Pass n what is yurs t the next generatin.
B. Free yurself frm the pressure f sciety.
C. Enjy the simple things in yur busy life.
D. Appreciate smething befre it’s gne.
【25~27题答案】
【答案】25. B26. A27. D
C
One questin every cach has beard in their caching career is this.
“Why isn’t my kid playing?”
The stupidity f many “win-at-all-cst” caches in yuth sprts is neatly matched by that f “play-my-kid-r-else” parents at the high-schl level.
When the games start t cunt, the main reasn why yur kid isn’t playing is simple:
“They’re just nt gd enugh.”
“He/she just isn’t fast enugh.”
“He/she just isn’t strng enugh.”
Gd caches, hwever, are nt usually that blunt. They are very skillful in nt telling what yu and I wuld cnsider the “truth”. The thing is that many kids knw what they’re gd at, and what they’re nt gd at. When it cmes t ftball, fr instance, mst f the middle-schlers r freshmen already knw the ne r tw kids wh are gd enugh t play n the varsity team r t catch the eye f a cllege admissins fficer. Their parents d nt.
The rest play because they enjy it, need the discipline, want t belng t a team, have dreamed f it since they were five r six, are trying t make their parents happy, need a varsity sprt n their cllege applicatin, r sme cmbinatin f the factrs abve. Sme f them dn’t pssess much athletic skill, but make up fr it by practicing, by getting strnger and quicker, and with n-field effrt.
Far t many children tday are living in a wrld where they never learn “n”. They dn’t knw hw t handle disappintment and failure. Nr d they knw hw t react and mve n when they dn’t get their wn way.
It’s awful when yur kid isn't playing. Been there, dne that. N reasnable parent wants t see their child hurt. But n ne escapes this life unhurt, emtinally if nt physically. When these kids mve n in life, they arc ging t get rejected when they apply fr cllege, fail t get the jb they want, and taste failure and disappintment n multiple frnts.
Caches shuld try t make sure everyne gets sme playing time. But that shuld never cme at the expense f ther kids wh arc mre talented, try harder r spend mre time practicing. N child shuld ever g ut fr any team thinking they’re ging t be guaranteed a spt r playing time, n matter hw ludly their parents cmplain.
In that sense, sprts are a true mirrr f life. N ne is guaranteed “playing” time in life. Fr the mst part, hard wrk, effrt, planning and desire is rewarded. The benefits can be wnderful. But it’s gd t be prepared when it desn't wrk ut that way.
28. What des the underlined wrd “blunt” prbably mean?
A. Impatient.B. Annying.C. Direct.D. Serius.
29. The authr believes that ______.
A. kids shuld learn hw t face rejectin in their life
B. peple can live a life withut being emtinally hurt
C. parents must help kids escape disappintment and failure
D. caches need t ensure every student gets enugh playing time
30. What prbably mtivated the authr t write this passage?
A. Caches’ mistaken beliefs abut varsity teams.
B. Parents’ unrealistic views f kids’ playing time.
C. Children’s ignrance f the meaning f sprts and life,
D. The public’s dubts abut why kids need t play sprts.
【28~30题答案】
【答案】28. C29. A30. B
D
The US scientists wh created the first living rbts say the life frms, knwn as xenbts, can nw reprduce—and in a way nt seen in plants and animals. Xenbts are frmed frm the stem cells f the African clawed frg (Xenpus laevis), frm which it takes its name.
“Frgs have a way f reprducing that they nrmally use, but when yu liberate the stem cells frm the embry(胚胎) and yu give them a chance t figure ut hw t be in a new envirnment, nt nly d they figure ut a new way t mve, but they als figure ut apparently a new way t reprduce,” said Michael Levin, a prfessr f bilgy at Tufts University, wh was c-lead authr f the new research.
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability t develp int different cell types. T make the xenbts, the researchers remved living stem cells frm frg embrys and left them t develp.
“Mst peple think f rbts as being made f metal, but it’s nt s much what a rbt is made frm but what it des, which is act n its wn n behalf f peple,” said Jsh Bngard, a cmputer science prfessr and rbtics expert at the University f Vermnt and lead authr f the study. “In that way, it’s a rbt, but it’s als clearly an rganism made frm frg cells.”
The researchers fund that the xenbts culd replicate(自我复制). But it happened rarely and nly in specific circumstances. The xenbts used “kinetic replicatin”—a prcess that is knwn t ccur at the mlecular(分子) level.
With the help f artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billins f bdy shapes t make the xenbts mre effective at this type f replicatin. The supercmputer came up with a C-shape that lked like Pac-Man, the 1980s vide game. They fund it was able t find tiny stem cells, gather hundreds f them inside its muth, and a few days later the pack f cells became new xenbts.
“The AI didn’t prgram these machines in the way we usually think abut writing cde. It shaped and sculpted and came up with this Pac-Man shape,” Bngard said. “The shape is, in essence, the prgram. The shape influences hw the xenbts behave t speed up this incredibly surprising prcess.”
The xenbts are very early technlgy think f a 1940s cmputer—and dn’t yet have any practical applicatins. Hwever, this cmbinatin f mlecular bilgy and artificial intelligence culd ptentially be used in many tasks in the bdy and the envirnment. This may include things like cllecting micrplastics in the ceans, inspecting rt systems and regenerative medicine. “There are many things that are pssible if we take advantage f this kind f plasticity and ability f cells t sh l prblems,” Bngard said.
31. Accrding t Jsh Bngard, a rbt shuld be defined in terms f ______.
A. its functinB. its reliabilityC. its appearanceD. its material
32. What can we learn abut xenbts frm the passage?
A. Xenbts have cpied stem cells using cmputer prgrams.
B. Specialized cells play a key rle in the replicatin f xenbts.
C. AI makes it pssible fr xenbts t replicate mre effectively.
D. The shape f xenbts was inspired frm a vide game in the 1980s.
33What is the authr’s attitude twards future applicatins f xenbts?
A. Disapprving.B. Optimistic.C. Uncncerned.D. Objective.
34. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Where des the unnatural replicatin prcess lead?
B. Arc xenbts the future f artificial intelligence?
C. The uncertain rle f rbt reprductin
D. Fact r fantasy? Rbts can reprduce
【31~34题答案】
【答案】31. A32. C33. B34. D
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Truth abut Yur Memry
What wuld yu be withut yur memries? Hw imprtant is yur ability t remember the past and t draw n it t help yu knw what t d next? I’ll answer tr yu: It’s right up there with breathing and eating. ____35____
Hwever, mst peple knw little abut memry. A study by research psychlgists Daniel Simns and Christpher Chabris asked peple simple questins abut memry and then cmpared their answers with thse f experts in memry research. ___36___ Fr instance, t the questin “Is there a ‘vide camera’ in yur head?” 63% f peple surveyed strngly agreed r mstly agreed that human memry “wrks like a vide camera, accurately recrding the events we see and hear s that we can review and inspect them later.” Nne f the experts strngly agreed r mstly agreed that memry functins like that.
S hw des memry wrk? ____37____ He means well and wants t help, but the best he can d is tell yu stries. And like all gd strytellers, he edits fr impact, efficiency, functinality, and clarity. He tells yu what he assumes yu need t knw. He als makes hnest mistakes—lts and lts f them. Smetimes he just gets cnfused and leaves ut smething imprtant. He culd even include inaccurate infrmatin by accident.
In ther wrds, there is n cnsistent r rderly sense t memry. A memry will be hidden away and cnnected I ther memries r cncepts in ways that arc nt necessarily practical r lgical. ____38____ Memries cme t us in a way that is similar t hw archaelgists and plice detectives use bits f infrmatin t cnstruct stries abut past peple and events.
____39____ Frtunately, enugh has been revealed t ffer us wise and safe guidance thrugh daily life. Yur memry is best thught f as helpful input. We dn’t need t remember every detail abut everything.
AThe researchers had a very tugh time understanding human memries.
B. The human brain is still a mysterius universe in many ways, f curse.
C. A research shws recalling the past can change the memry f what really happened.
D. The results shw hw far remved frm reality the public's beliefs abut memry are.
E. One wuld think that understanding hw memry wrks wuld be a high pririty fr all peple.
F. I prefer t describe it as smething like an ld man sitting by a campfire smewhere deep in yur brain.
G. This is why a particular smell r sund may bring up a memry even thugh it wasn’t imprtant in the riginal experience.
【35~39题答案】
【答案】35. E36. D37. F38. G39. B
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第，13题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
What makes sme peple incapable f aplgizing even when they’re clearly in the wrng?
Peple wh cannt aplgize ften have deep feelings f lw self-wrth. When their delicate eg(自我) cannt absrb the blw f admitting they were wrng, their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue abut basic facts t prevent the threat f having t lwer themselves by ffering an aplgy.
Unfrtunately, many f us mistakenly interpret these peple’s defensiveness as a sign f psychlgical strength. That’s because utwardly they appear t be tugh individuals wh refuse t back dwn. But this desn’t shw that they’re strng—it shws that they’re weak.
Admitting that we’re wrng is emtinally uncmfrtable and painful t ur sense f self. In rder t take respnsibility and aplgize, ur self-wrth needs t be strng enugh t absrb that discmfrt. Indeed, if ur self-wrth is higher and mre stable, we can tlerate the temprary discmfrt that such an admissin invlves—withut the walls arund ur eg falling dwn.
But if ur self-wrth is seemingly high but actually breakable that discmfrt can g thrugh ur defensive walls and scre a direct hit t ur eg. Indeed, the mre fixed ne’s defense mechanisms are, the mre delicate the eg they’re prtecting.
The mistake we ften make when faced with smene wh’s habitually incapable f aplgizing is t becme angry and try t win ur argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situatins, the best we can d is make ur pints as calmly and as cnvincingly as we can and then disengage frm the argument when it becmes unprductive—like when they disagree with the facts, cme up with silly excuses r turn t mean remarks.
40. Why can’t sme peple aplgize?
41. What d many peple mistakenly think f a nn-aplgizer’s defensiveness?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
►When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t express yur anger and make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible.
43. In additin t what is mentined in the passage, what else can yu d if yur friend refuses t aplgize t yu? (In abut 40 wrds)
【40~43题答案】
【答案】40. Because they ften have deep feelings f lw self-wrth,
41. They think f it as a sign f psychlgical strength.
42. When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t express yur anger and make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible.
When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible and then disengage frm the argument when it becmes unprductive.
43. 言之有理即可。
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。最近你和父母就大学专业选择进行了讨论，大家看法并不完全一致。请给你的英国朋友Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 陈述讨论情况；
2. 期望得到建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【44题答案】
【答案】Dear Jim,
Hw have yu been recently? I’m writing t ask fr yur advice.
Last Sunday, I was talking with my parents abut pssible majrs. My parents really want me t study bilgy since that’s what my father majred in. They als think this field is full f jbs that will allw me t have a prmising future. Thugh I respect my parents’ wishes, I dn’t agree with them. I’ve lved art all my life, and I’m very gd at drawing and painting. I am always hping t g t the best art schl in China. S what d yu think I shuld d, listen t my parents r fllw my dreams?
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua