2022年高考英语一轮复习Unit21Human Biology单元主题语篇训练一含解析北师大版选修7

这是一份2022年高考英语一轮复习Unit21Human Biology单元主题语篇训练一含解析北师大版选修7，共7页。
Unit 21  单元主题语篇训练ALIPITORABOUT LIPITOR    Lipitor is a prescription medicine.Along with diet and exercise, it lowers “bad” cholesterol (胆固醇) in your blood.It can also raise “good” cholesterol.    Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors, including family history of early heart disease, high blood pressure, age and smoking.WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?    Who can take LIPITOR：    ·People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise.·Adults and children over 10.   Who should NOT take LIPITOR：   ·Women who are pregnant, may be pregnant, or may become pregnant.Lipitor may harm your unborn baby.   ·Women who are breast­feeding.Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.·People with liver problems.POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR    Serious side effects in a small number of people：   Muscle problems that can lead to kidney problems, including kidney failure.   Liver problems.Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start Lipitor and while you are taking it.   Call your doctor right away if you have：   ·Unexplained muscle pain or weakness, especially if you have a fever or feel very tired.   ·Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing.   ·Stomach pain.Some common side effects of LIPITOR are：   ·Muscle pain.   ·Upset stomach.   ·Changes in some blood tests.HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR   Do：   ·Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor.   ·Try to eat heart­healthy foods while you take Lipitor.   ·Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food.   ·If you miss a dose (一剂), take it as soon as you remember.But if it has been more than 12 hours since you missed a dose, wait, take the next dose at your regular time.   Don't   ·Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor.   ·Do not start new medicine before talking to your doctor. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了立普妥这种药品的服用说明，包括适用人群、禁用人群、可能的副作用、如何处理副作用、怎样服用等相关信息。1．What is the major function of Lipitor?A．To help quit smoking.B．To lower “bad” cholesterol.C．To improve unhealthy diet.D．To control blood pressure.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据ABOUT LIPITOR中的“Along with diet and exercise, it lowers ‘bad’ cholesterol (胆固醇) in your blood.”可知，本句中的it指代Lipitor，它可以降低血液中的有害胆固醇。故选B项。2．If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should ________.A．change the amount of your next doseB．eat more when taking your next doseC．have a dose as soon as you rememberD．take the next dose at your regular time解析：选D　细节理解题。根据HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR部分中的“But if it has been more than 12 hours since you missed a dose, wait, take the next dose at your regular time.”可知，如果你错过服药12小时，等着在固定时间服用下一剂。故选D项。3．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To teach patients ways for quick recovery.B．To present a report on a scientific research.C．To show the importance of a good lifestyle.D．To give information about a kind of medicine.解析：选D　写作意图题。本文的写作意图就是介绍立普妥这种药品的使用说明、使用禁忌等相关信息，故选D项。BMany of us have had this experience: we lie down in a bed other than our own, perhaps at a friend's house or in a hotel room, and find it difficult or impossible to fall asleep.Is it because the bed is uncomfortable? Maybe, but perhaps there can be other reasons.According to a new study published in Current Biology, a significant reason is what the scientists call “first night effect”．They believe that one side of the brain acts as a “night watch” to warn us about potential dangers.It forces us to stay awake on the first night in a new environment. For the study, 35 young volunteers were asked to sleep in a sleep lab for several days.Meanwhile, researchers watched their brain activities.According to the researchers, on their first night, the left brains were more active than the right brains and people had a hard time sleeping.However, left­brain activity decreased as days went by, falling even to the point of complete calm.In this process, the participants got an increasingly better sleep experience.The findings suggest that the different rhythms of the sides of the brain affect our sleep.When the two sides work differently, the balance between them is broken.Thus, the brain can't relax and is sensitive to anything strange in the surroundings, just as it is in daytime.“At some level, the brain is continuing to analyze things, even though you are not aware of the analysis，” US professor Jerome Siegel told Smithsonian Magazine.“If something unusual happens — if a door opens or you hear a key in a lock — you can be alert, even though the intensity of the stimulus is quite low.”More surprisingly, this phenomenon is similar to the way some animals sleep.Whales, dolphins, and many birds can sleep with half of their brain while the other half stays awake, with its corresponding eye staying open.The researchers think that it is the result of evolution, and works to protect us in potentially dangerous environments.If you have ever had what you think is“first night effect”， researchers suggest that you bring your own pillow or sleep in a room similar to your bedroom next time you sleep away from home.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“第一晚效应”对我们的影响及其产生的原因。4．What did the new study published in Current Biology find?A．A comfortable bed could help people sleep well in a new environment.B．Most people could sleep well in a new environment after the first night.C．Brain activities affected people's sleep in a new environment.D．The right brain determined how well people slept in a new environment.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项新研究发现大脑活动影响人们在新环境中的睡眠。   5．What was found out about the volunteers?A．Their left brains were more active on the first night.B．Their right brains became more active as days went by.C．Their right brains kept them awake the whole night.D．They slept better in the sleep lab than at home.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，研究发现志愿者的左脑在第一个晚上更加活跃。6．What do the researchers think makes the brain sensitive to new things?A．The bad sleep experiences people have had.B．The tiredness that people suffer from in daytime.C．The imbalance between the two sides of the brain.D．The strangeness of the things that people come across.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，大脑两侧的不平衡使大脑对新事物敏感。7．What do the researchers think of “first night effect”？A．It has evolved as a way to protect us.B．It's a characteristic that animals don't have.C．It's completely different from the way animals sleep.D．It helps people to get used to new environments quickly.解析：选A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，研究人员认为“第一晚效应”已经演变成一种保护我们的方式。CNo one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock ‘n’ roll. Long­ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.“Technically, I think what they're proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there's no obvious answer. On average，each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds (滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated_the_paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study. West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. I thought, ‘Why don't they just try rolling the things？’”A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”．So he tried it.He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30­kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery (滑的) path.West hasn't tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。古埃及人如何搬运巨石建造金字塔一直是一个谜，不过一项新研究表明，他们有可能是通过在巨石四周捆绑木棒，使其滚动运行这一更加省力的办法来搬运巨石的。8．It's widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by________.A．rolling them on roadsB．pushing them over the sandC．sliding them on smooth pathsD．dragging them on some poles解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，人们普遍接受的观点是埃及人是在光滑的道路上滑动石块的。9．The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means________.A．made the paths wetB．made the paths hardC．made the paths wideD．made the paths slippery解析：选D　词义猜测题。由该短语所在句子的后半部分“either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle”可推知，他们使用湿的黏土或牛的脂肪使道路变得光滑，这样才能更轻松地移动石块。10．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 7 refer to?A．Rolling the blocks with poles attached.B．Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.C．Rolling poles to move the blocks.D．Rolling the blocks with fat.解析：选A　代词指代题。根据“So he tried it.”中的So一词可判断，it指代的内容应该在第六段。由第六段中的“A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel ... make a block of stone ‘a lot easier to roll than a square’．”可知，物理学家West提出，在石块四周捆绑上木棒可以使石块更容易滚动。因此他对这种方法进行了尝试。11．What is the text mainly about?A．An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.B．An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.C．An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.D．An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.解析：选D　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了古埃及人搬运巨石建造金字塔可能用的更省力的办法。tips 巧用“就近原则”解代词指代题代词指代题考查考生依据语境逻辑推断人称代词和指示代词意义的能力。即对it, they, them, she, he等人称代词与this, these, that, those等指示代词的正确指代做出判断。历年高考题中代词指代题常出现在人物变换多或动作变换频繁的语境中。解题时，要注意代词指代的总原则——就近指代，即画线代词指代的是在性(阴或阳)、数(单数或复数)、格(主格或宾格)、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。也就是说代词所指代的词通常在本句或其前句中。例如上文C篇阅读中的第10小题，根据“就近原则”和“So he tried it.”中的So一词可判断，it指代的内容应该是第六段中的“A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides ...make a block of stone ‘a lot easier to roll than a square’．”物理学家West提出，在石块四周捆绑上木棒可以使石块更容易滚动。因此他对这种方法进行了尝试，由此可知本题答案。