2022年高考英语语法总结--情态动词的考点

2022年高考英语语法总结情态动词 情态动词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，下次通过一些例题的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。 一、常见的情态动词1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。①“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. A. may   B. should  C. must   D. shall②—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.— You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. A. shan’t   B. might not  C. needn’t   D. shouldn’t③ — The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?— Of course.A. Will   B. Shall  C. Would   D. DoKey: D A B2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”;mustn’t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour?A. Must B. Can  C. May D. Need②Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this! A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t  C. needn’t D. may notKey: A B3. needn’t表示“没有必要”。— Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.— She ______. I’ve already borrowed one. A. can’t B. mustn’tC. needn’t D. shouldn’tKey: C4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.A. would B. shouldC. had better D. mightKey: A5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.A. had to B. would  C. was able to   D. couldKey：C6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况①—Write to me when you get home.— _______. A. I must B. I should   C. I will  D. I can② — Could I call you by your first name?—Yes, you ______. A. will B. could   C. may D. mightKey：C C巩固练习：1. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short.A. needn’t  B. can’t   C. should  D. may2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.A. had to write it out          B. must have written it outC. should have written it out  D. ought to write it out3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.A. mustn’t have arrived    B. shouldn’t have arrivedC. can’t have arrived     D. needn’t have arrived4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.A. mustn’t   B. can’t    C. won’t   D. needn’t5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A. should   B. can    C. must   D. will6. — Is John coming by train?— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.A. must   B. can  C. need   D. may7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A. can   B. will   C. may   D. shall8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady.A. might B. need   C. should D. would9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.—_______.A. I don’t   B. I won’t   C. I can’t   D. I haven’t10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ______ at the meeting.A. mustn’t have spoken    B. shouldn’t have spokenC. needn’t have spoken   D. couldn’t have spoken答案与解析1. B 从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度，needn’t意思是“没有必要”，与语境不符。2. C 根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿，但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知，说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味，应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式，“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测，“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。3. C 根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打电话了”可知“Jack肯定还没到”，“can’t+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。4. A 从第二分句可知，这是妇女和儿童专用候车室，因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustn’t表示“禁止，不准”。5. B can在此表示许可。6. D 从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。must not不表示推测，can not的语气太绝对，意思是“根本不可能”。7. D shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。8. C should在此表示惊讶的感情色彩，意思是“竟然”。9. B 对祈使句的肯定回答用I will;否定回答用I won’t。10. D 根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”， 所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不可能”用can’t/couldn’t have done形式。 二、情态动词表推测考点总结1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may(might)或could(不用can)，其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”;should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测;may(might)，could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。①Helen _______ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can②—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.—It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be③I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere.A. must drop  B. must have dropped  C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped④If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.A. would  B. could  C. had to  D. ought toKey: C D B B 2. 否定推测分为两种情况：1)语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.A. must B. shall  C. may D. needKey： C2)否定语气较强时，则用can’t，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。①—Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.—Well. He ______ have gone far——his coat’s still here.A. shouldn’t   B. mustn’t   C. can’t   D. wouldn’t②— Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?— No, it _______ be him I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. A. can’t   B. must not  C. won’t   D. may notKey: C A3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?A. can   B. should  C. may   D. mustKey：A4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”;否定推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。①I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.A. should have been doing  B. must have been doingC. could have done   D. would have done②He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside.A. should   B. must  C. wouldn’t   D. can’t③—Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today?—Something ________ to him. A. must happen    B. should have happenedC. could have happened  D. must have happened④ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____your lecture.A. couldn’t have attended  B. needn’t have attendedC. mustn’t have attended  D. shouldn’t have attendedKey: B B D A二、“情态动词+完成式”1. “should(ought to)+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。①—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.— You________ her last week.A. ought to tell  B. would have toldC. must tell   D. should have told②Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldn’t eat   B. mustn’t have eaten  C. shouldn’t have eaten  D. mustn’t eatKey: D C2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. A. could   B. would  C. must   D. needKey：A3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。— Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.— Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. A. needn’t do  B. needn’t have doneC. mustn’t do  D. shouldn’t have done             Key: B