2022年高考英语语法讲解--倒装句学案

这是一份2022年高考英语语法讲解--倒装句学案，共5页。

当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序（the natural rder）。在某些情况下，我们可以把谓语成分放在主语前面，这种词序叫做倒装（ the inverted rder）。
语法上的倒装句是强制性的，包括下列 7 种：
1、疑问句，如：
Can yu d it?
Hw ld are yu?
When did yu knw him?
Why did yu elect him as captain?
Which f these apples d yu prefer?
但疑问代词做主语时，不必倒置，如：
Wh is yur English teacher?
What happened last night?

2、表示“愿望”的句子，如：
May Gd bless yu.
Lng live the king!

3、“There”引导的句子，如：
There are many cars n the rad.
There stand sme big trees near the river.
There is a security guard utside the bank.

4、感叹句，如：
Hw beautiful the flwer is!
What a smart by yu are!

5、有连接词“s, neither, nr”的句子，如：
Tm can ride a bicycle; s can I.
She can't sing; neither can he.
Jhn has never been late; nr have I.

6、省略连词“if”的条件副词分句，如：
Were I yu, I wuld nt d such a thing.
Shuld the machine break dwn again, send it back t us.
Had yu wrked harder, yu wuld have passed.

7、“as, hwever”连接的让步副词分句，如：
Small as the pen is, it is a pwerful weapn.
Hwever busy yu are, yu shuld spend sme time reading Zaba weekly.
谈过了语法上的倒装句，现在谈强调的倒装句。
Never have I seen such a wicked man.
On n accunt must this emplyee be remved.
Nt until he tld me had I heard anything f it.
N sner had I left than the rain came.
Up jumped the puppy.
In came Jhn.
Dwn fell the rtten branches frm the tree.
Out came a wman and her maid.
倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词d, des或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如n, nt, never, seldm, little, hardly, at n time, in n way, nt until… 等。
Never have I seen such a perfrmance.
Nwhere will yu find the answer t this questin.
Nt until the child fell asleep did the mther leave the rm.
当Nt until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a perfrmance.
The mther didn't leave the rm until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1) Why can't I smke here?
At n time___ in the meeting-rm
A. is smking permitted B. smking is permitted
C. smking is it permitted D. des smking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括n, little, hardly, seldm, never, nt nly, nt until等。本题的正常语序是 Smking is permitted in the meeting-rm at n time.
2） Nt until the early years f the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did knw B. man knw C. didn't man knw D. did man knw
答案D. 看到Nt until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did nt knw what heat is until the early years f the 19th. 现在将nt提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1) here, there, nw, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, cme, g, lie, run。
There ges the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is yur letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile frm under the bmber.
Ahead sat an ld wman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he cmes. Away they went.
以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Nt nly…but als, Hardly/Scarcely…when, N sner… than
Nt nly did he refuse the gift, he als severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gne ut when a student came t visit her.
N sner had she gne ut than a student came t visit her.
典型例题
N sner___ than it began t rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldm, scarcely, little, few, nt, hardly, 以及nt nly…but (als), n sner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。
注意：只有当Nt nly… but als连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Nt nly… but als仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Nt nly yu but als I am fnd f music.