2022年高考英语语法--宾语从句解析学案

这是一份2022年高考英语语法--宾语从句解析学案，共7页。

1. that引导
We believe that he is hnest. 我们相信他是诚实的。
The dctr insists that I give up smking医生坚持要我戒烟。
I suggest that we shuld g tmrrw. 我建议我们明天走。
I suggested that we shuld g the next day. 我建议我们第二天走。
We learnt frm his letter that he was in Spain. 从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。
The seller demanded that payment shuld be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付款。
2. whether / if引导
I dn’t knw whether he’ll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。
I didn’t knw whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。
I’ll see whether I can induce him t accept it. 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。
I asked her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。
He enquired if her parents spke Spanish. 他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。
I wnder if it’s large enugh. 我不知道它是否够大。
She didn’t say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。
3. 连接代词引导
I dn’t knw wh [whm] yu mean. 我不知道你指谁。
Please tell me which yu like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。
I’Il d whatever I can d. 我将做我所能做的事。
Yu can take whichever yu like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。
We’ll d whatever we can t save him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。
Take whichever seat yu like. 你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。
Give it t whever yu like. 你把它爱给谁就给谁。
Yu dn’t knw what yu are talking abut. 你在说什么，你自己也不知道。
Tmrrw at this time we’ll knw wh is elected. 明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。
4. 连接副词引导
He asked why he had t g alne. 他问他为什么必须一个人去。
Yu dn’t knw when yu are lucky. 你身在福中不知福。
I asked hw he was getting n. 我问他情况怎样。
He knws where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。
Have yu fund ut hw wide the ditch Was? 你了解到那条沟有多宽吗?
I’d like t knw when they will let him ut. 我很想知道他们什么时候会放他出来。
We didn’t knw why he had answered in that fashin. 我们不明白他为什么这样回答。
3. 关系代词what引导
She has gt what she wanted. 她要的东西得到了。
I want t tell yu what I hear. 我想把听到的情况告诉你。
He culd nt express what he felt. 他无法表达内心的感受。
They did what they culd t cnsle her. 他们尽量安慰她。
They thught they culd d what they liked with him. 他们以为他们可以对他为所欲为。
【注意】有时介词后可接一个宾语从句(但介词后通常不接that和if引导的宾语从句)：
Frm what yu say, he is right. 根据你所说的，他是对的。
有极个别介词(如but, except)可接that引导的宾语从句：
She remembered nthing abut him except that his hair was black. 她对他什么都不记得，只记得他的头发是黑的。
比较下面两句用what引导的宾语从句，它们的意思不一样：
He began t think abut what he shuld d. 他开始考虑应当怎样做。
宾语从句的时态
当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时的时候
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
I nly knew he was studying in a western cuntry,but I didn’t knw what cuntry he was in.我只知道他当时在一个西方的国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
He asked me if I was reading the stry The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读《老人与海》.
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
He tld me that he had tld Mary abut the meeting already.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
The reprter asked if the gvernment wuld take necessary measures t put dwn the t-d.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
④如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化
The teacher said that the mn ges arund the earth yesterday.
老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
同位语从句和定语从句的主要区别
1. 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hpe,belief,suggestin,prpsal,wrd,thught,dubt,truth,pssibility,prmise,rder等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:
The pssibility that the majrity f the labur frce will wrk at hme is ften discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性?(同位语从句)
We are nt lking int the questin whether he is wrth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题?(同位语从句)
Wrd came that he had been abrad. 据说他已经出国了?(同位语从句)
Our team has wn the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)
The dctr whm yu are lking fr is in the rm. 你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)
His mther did all she culd t help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)
2. 从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴?如:
The news that ur team has wn the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)
The news that he tld me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作tld的宾语?)
I made a prmise that if anyne set me free I wuld make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有?(同位语从句,补充说明prmise到底是一个什么诺言?)
The mther made a prmise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句,prmise在从句中作pleased的主语?)
3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如hw, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如:
That questin whether we need it has nt been cnsidered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)
I have n idea what has happened t him. 我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)
引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替如:
The rder that we shuld send a few peple t help the ther grups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了?(同位语从句,是对rder的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略?)
The rder 焧hat we received yesterday was that we shuld send a few peple t help the ther grups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词rder的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)